9. Sometime in the next twenty-five years, a spaceship with a human crew (land) on Mars. I (think) they &nd) evidence of some kind of life forms Someday, however, I (believe) that humans (make) contact with other intelligent beings in the universe. EXERCISE 32. Review: verb forms. (Chapters 1 + 3) Directions: Complete the sentences with a form of the verb in parentheses. (1) Three hundred and fifty years ago, people (make) wde their own clothes. They (haw, not) machines for making clothes. There (be, not) any clothing factories. People (wear) homemade clothes that were sewn by hand. (2) Today, very few people (make) their own clothes. Clothing (come) ready-made from factories. People (buy) almost all their clothes from stores. (3) The modern clothing industry (be) international. As a result, people from different countries often (wear) similar clothes. For example, people in many different countries throughout the world (wear) jeans and T-shirts. (4) However, some regional differences in clothing still (exist) For instance, people of the Arabian deserts (wear) loose, flowing robes to protect themselves from the heat of the sun. In parts of northern Europe, fur hats (be) common in the winter. (5) In the future, there (be, probably) fewer and fewer differences in clothing. People throughout the world (wear) clothes from the same factories. (we all, dress) alike in the future? TV shows and movies about the future often (show) everybody in a uniform of some kind. What (you, chink) ? Future Tlme 79 EXERCISE 33. Error analysis: summary review of present, past, and future time. (Chapters 1 + 3) ?, . . Directim: Correct the errors. . , 1. I used to kick & my sister's legs. 2. We had a test last week, and I past it. , 3. 1 not like the food in the United State. 4. I use to get up at noon, but now I have to be at work by eight. 5. I study hardly every day, but my english is not be improve. 6. Everyone enjoy these English classes. , \: 7. At the picnic, we sang songs and talk to each other. . . .:. ,, - 8. I learn the english in my school in hong Kong before I come here. 9. I lie to travel. I gonna go to new and interesting places all my life ,!,,,110. Now I study at this school and I living with my cousin. I am always meet my friends in the cafeteria and we talking about our classes. 1 1. When I wake up in the morning. I am turning on the radio. Before get up. 12. I am live with an American family. They are having four childrens. 13. When I was at the outdoor market. I pointed at the chicken I wanted to buy. The man was taking it from a wooden cage and kill it without mercy. 8. 14. Every day I wake up when the buds begin to sing. If the weather not to be cloudy, I ' 75 am seeing a beautiful sunrise from my bed. .( : ., 1 ' 11 - 15. My husband and children they are going to join me after I will finish my English course. EXERCISE 34. Error analysis: summary review of present, past, and future time. (Chapters 1 + 3) Direeeions: Rewrite the paragraphs. Correct any errors in grammar, spelling, or punctuation. If you wish, change the wording to improve the expression of the ideas. 1. I want to tell you about Oscar. He my cousin. He comes here four years ago. Before he came here, he study statistics in Chile. When he leaves Chile to come here. He came with four friends. They were studying English in Ohio. Then he went to New york stayed there for three years. He graduated from NewYork University. Now he study at this school. After he finish his Master's degree, he return to Chile. 2. Long ago in a faraway place, a lonely man move into a new neighborhood. His first project is his new garden. He begun to work on it right away. He wanting to make a perfect garden. One day some friendly neighbors and their children visitted the man in his garden and helpped him with the work. They planting flowers and build a small bridge across a little stream. AU of them were very happy during they were building the bridge and work on the garden. The man was especially happy because he's no longer lonely. While the adults working, some of their children plaied with a ball in the garden while they were play, one of them step on a flower. Suddenly the man was getting very angry and tell everyone to leave. All the neighbors leaved and go back to their own homes. After that, the man builded a wall around his garden and lock the gate. For the rest of his life, the man sat alone in his gerden every evening and crying. EXERCISE 35. Review: verb forms. (Chapters 1 + 3) Ditections: Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in parentheses. A: Okay, let's all open our fortune cookies. B: What (yours, say) ? 1 A: Mine says, "An unexpected gift (add) to your pleasure." 2 Great! (you, plan) to give me a gift soon? 3 Future Time 81 B: Not that I know of. Mine says, "Your trust in a friend (pe) 4 well-founded." Good. I (like) having trustworthy friends. 5 C: This one says, "A smile (mmcome) a language 6 barrier." Well, that's good! After this, when I (understand, nor) 7 people who (speak) English to me, I (smile, just) 8 at them! 9 D: My fortune is this: "Your determination (make) YOU 10 succeed in everything." , , L. A: Well, it (iook) like all of us (have) 11 12 ,; ,<I1 [I! I: good luck in the future! ,': ,"' ' . ", ""' . . 0 EXERCISE 36. Future time. (Chapter 3) - Direcrias: Do you believe that some people are able to predict the future? Pretend that . , you have the abiliry to see into the future. Choose several people you know (classmates, teachers, family members, friends) and tell them in writing about their future lives. Discuss such topics as jobs, conmbutions to humankind, marriage, children, fame, and exciting adventures. With your words, paint interesting and fun pictures of their future lives. ,",-!Perfect and the T Past Perfect I CONTENTS I 4-1 Past participle 4-6 Present perfect progressive 4-2 Forms of the present perfect 4-7 Present perfect progressive vs. present 4-3 Meanings of the present perfect perfect 4-4 Simple past vs. present perfect 4-8 Using already, yet, still, and anymore 4-5 Using &me andfor 4-9 Past perfect U EXERCISE 1. Review and preview: present and past verbs. (Chapters 1,2, and 4) Directions: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Some of the completions review verb tenses studied in Chapters 1 and 2. Some of them preview verb tenses that will be studied in this chapter: the present perfect and the past perfect. Discuss the form and meaning of the new tenses. There may be more than one possible correct completion. My name (be) IS Surasuk Jutukanyaprateep. I (be) from 1 2 Thailand. Right now I (~tudy) English at this school. I (be) 3 at this school since the beginning of January. I (arriw) 4 here January 2, and my classes (begin) 5 6 January 6. Since I (come) here, I (do) 7 8 many things, and I (meet) many people. Last week, I (go) 9 to a party at my friend's house. I (meet) 10 11 some of the other students fromThailand at the party. Of course, we (speak) Thai, so I (practice, mt) my English 12 13 that night. There (be) only people from Thailand at the party. 14 . i'. :'* .@?:. , ,- . . ,. However, since I (come) here, I (meet) , L", r::.: . IS 16 y: I a lot of other people, too. I (meet) people km Latin America, 17 . ~ : ', -5. ,+ Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. I enjoy meeting people from other countries. Before I ,.? :, . , 2, , $% came here, I (meet, nam) , &:: .; 1" 't: anyone from the Uluaine p-: 18 .:.+$ or Bolivb&&~:$ (know) people from both these places, and they 19 (become) my friends. 20 1 4-1. PAST PARTICIPLE SIMPLE FORM SIMPIH The pest participle is one of the principal parts PAST of a verb. (See Chart 2-6, a 32.) . - REGULAR finish The past participle is used in the PR~SENT VERBS stop finished 5nished PERFECT tense and the PAST PERFECT tense.* wait Stopped L2z2 The past participle of regular verbs is the same as waited the sim~le ~ast form: both end in -ed. IRRFGULAR see saw See chart i-7, p. 33, for a list of irregular verbs. VBRBS make made 'The past partiaple is also used in rhe passive. See Chapter 10. EXERCISE 2. Past partlclple. (Chart 4-1) Directions: Write the past participle. SIMPLE FORM 1. finish 2. see 3. go 4. have 5. meet 6. call 7. fall 8. do 9. know lo. fly SIMPLE PAST PAST PAKllCIPLE finished Fi~ish~A saw see* went had met called fell did knew flew SIMPLE SIMPLE FORM PAST 11. come 12. study 13. stay 14. begin 15. start 16. write 17. eat 18. cut 19. read 20. be came studied stayed began started wrote ate cut read wadwere PAST PARTICIPLE (a) I hawefinished my work. STATEMBNT: haeelhas + pascpadple @) The students hawfinished Chapter 3. (c) Jii has eaten lunch. (d) I'wl~u've/~'wlThgy've eaun lunch. corncnox (e) She'sIHe's earn lunch. pmun + hawe = 'w (f) It's ban cold for the last three days. pronoun + ha8 = 's* (g) I haw not (hawn't))Jinished my work. NEQA~: havelhas + not + pastpaniciph (h) Ann has not (hasn't) eaten lunch. NEGATIVE CONTRACTION haw + not = haven't has + not = hasn't - - (i) Haee youfinwhed your work? (j) Has Jim eaton lunch? (k) How long have YOU lived here? QUESTION: hmrolh~~ f su&t + put paTti&pb (I) A: Have you seen that movie? B: Es, I haw. OR No, I hawn't. (m) A: Has Jim eaten lunch? B: Ya, he has. OR No, he hasn't. SHORT ANSWER: hawlhawn't or hadhasn't Note:The helping verb in the short answer is not contracted with the pronoun. INCORRECT: Ya, I'm. OR Ya, he's. I I I *COMPARE: It's cold laday. [It's = It L: It ia cdd todw.1 1e.s been cold since December. [It3 = h has:It hw been cold rin~ Decmbn.1 0 EXERCISE 3. Forms of the present perfect. (Chart 4-2) Direcriom: Complete the dialogues with the words in parentheses. Use the present perfect. 1. A: (you, eat, ew) Have YOh evev P~+PIZ seaweed? B: No, I haveh . I (eat, never) evev @-+em seaweed. I+ 2. A: (you, stay, m) at a big hotel? B: Yes, I . I (stay) at a big hotel lots of times. 3. A: fyoy meet, ew) a movie star? B: No, I . I (meet, never) a movie star. 4. A: (Tom, visit, ew) you at your house? B: Yes, he . He (visit) me lots of times. 5. A. (Ann, be, ever) in Mexico? B: No, she . She (be, nm) in Mexico. She (be, not) in any Spanish-speaking coumies. The Present Perfect and the Past Perfect 05 . 1 4-1. PAST PARTICIPLE SIMPLE FORM SIMPIH The pest participle is one of the principal parts PAST of a verb. (See Chart 2-6, a 32.) . - REGULAR finish The past participle is. (go) 9 to a party at my friend's house. I (meet) 10 11 some of the other students fromThailand at the party. Of course, we (speak) Thai, so I (practice, mt) my English 12 13. clothing still (exist) For instance, people of the Arabian deserts (wear) loose, flowing robes to protect themselves from the heat of the sun. In parts of northern Europe, fur hats (be) common