2. A: Hello. Mr. Black's office. B : to Mr. Black? A: May I ask who is calling? B: Susan Abbott. A: Just a moment, Ms. Abbott. I'll connect you. 3. A: Hello? B: Hi. This is Bob. to Pedro? A: Sure. Hang on. 4. A: Good afternoon. Dr. Wu's office. you? B: Yes. I'd like to make an appointment with Dr. Wu. A: Fine. Is Friday morning at ten all right? B: Yes. Thank you. A: Your name& ,, .; ., , . ,, ., .:~ , ,T., .". :&AT., - %. . > . . ,: ,. i : . ,> h 1.:: . 8, .l , ,,, ,, ' i t ., !' . ,:: " -A%' . . ., * . ,. + * ". - ii,., I*.;,) . %T;$ .: %.> . -: k:&.; < :, , , ,, .,, . A: Hello? f :I. ' ~. , ./ ,. .' ' ' B: Hello. ., ; ,. to Emily? "-" 5: LA: She's not at home right now. a message? , . , i B: No thanks. I'll call later. I /./. , 6. A: Hello? B: Hello. to Maria? -rli A. She's not here right now. B: Oh. a message? A: Certainly. Just a minute. I have to get a pen. , '1! 7. A: Hello? B: Hello. to Jack? A: Who? B: Jack. Jack Butler. A: There's no one here by that name. I'm afraid you have the wrong number. B: Is this 221-3892? A: No, it's not. B: Oh. I'm sorry. A: That's okay. 198 CHAPTER 7 EXERCISE 14. Polite questions: MAY I, COULD I, and CAN I. (Chart 7-5) Directions Ask and answer polite questions. Use may I, could I, or can I. Listen to the cues with books closed. Work in groups or as a class. (Alternatively, work in pairs, creating somewhat longer dialogues that you then role-play for the rest of the class.) Example: ( . . . ), you want to see ( . . . )'s grammar book for a minute. SPEAKER A: MayICouldlCan I (please) see your grammar book for a minute? SP-R B: Of course. 1 Sure. I Etc. SPEAKER A: Thank you. 1 Thanks. I forgot to bring mine to class today. 1. ( . . . ), you want to see ( . . . )'s dictionary for a minute. 2. ( . . . ),you are at ( . . . )'s house. You want to use the phone. 3. ( . . . ), you are at a restaurant. ( . . . ) is your waiterlwaitress. You have finished your meal. You want the check. 4. ( . . . ),you run into ( . . . ) on the street. ( . . . ) is carrying some heavy packages. What are you going to say to himher? 5. ( . . . ),you are speaking to ( . . . ), who is one of your teachers. You want to leave class early today. 6. ( . . . ),you want to use ( . . . )'s calculator during the algebra test. ( . . . ) needs to use it himselfierself. 7. ( . . . ), you are in a store with your good friend ( . . . ). Your bill is (a certain amount of money). You have only (a lesser amount of money). What are you going to say to your friend? 7-6 POLITE QUESTIONS: WOULD YOU, COULD YOU, 1 WIUYOU,CANYOU . I) Wldyou please open the door? @) Could you please open the door? (c) Will you please open the door? (d) Can you please open the door? Yes. Yes. Of course. Certainly. I'd be happy to. Of course. I'd be glad to. Sure. (informal) Okay. (informal) Uh-huh. (meaning "yes") I'm sorry. I'd like to help, but my hands are full. reople use woum you, coura you, willyou, and can you to ask polite questions. The questions ask for someone's help or cooperation. (a), (b), (c), and (d) have basically the same meaning. The use of can, as in (d), is less formal than the others. Note: May is NOT used when you is the subject of a polite question. INCORRECT: May yar please open the &or? Modal Auxiliaries 199 EXERCISE 15. Polite questions: WOULD/COULD/WILL/CAN YOU. (Chart 7-6) Directions: Complete the dialogues. Use a polite question with wouldyoulfouldyar, wil2 youlcan you in each. Use the expressions in the list or your own words. answer the phone for me tell me where the nearestpost ofice iS open the window turn it down pick some up turn the .volume up say that again TBACHBR: It's getting hot in here. bJok\d/Tok\d/\lJi\l/Ta~ yak p\@ae OP~R the wihdow? STUDENT: d cows@. I'd. be hcwpy to. / Swe. / ftc TEACHER: fia& yak. / fiahks. STUDENT: You're welcome. 2. FRIEND A: The phone is ringing, but my hands are full. FRIEND B: FRIEND A: L, 8 PRIBND B: NO problem. 3. ROOMMATE A: I'm trying to study, but the radio is too loud. ROOMMATE B: ROOMMATE A: ROOMMATE B: That's okay. No problem. " - SISTBR: I'm trying to listen to the news on television, but I can't hear it. '* .<, : ,\ . BROTHER: 4,', . :Z SISTER: ! BROTHER: Don't mention it. 5. HUSBAND: Honey, I'm out of razor blades. When you go to the store, I .i> WIFE: HUSBAND: WIFE: Anythiig else? ERSON A: Hi. " ' 3 ,#: ; . s. ' ., ,, .: . &$;g?p:$+ PERSON B: Hi. Walabaxitinpundoozit? PERSON A: Excuse me? PERSON B: Walabaxitinpundoozit. PERSON A: I'm sorry, but I don't understand. 7. STRANGERA: Pardon me. I'm a stranger here. STRANGER B: STRANGER A: Well, thanks anyway. 1'11 ask someone else. EXERCISE 16. Summary: polite questions. (Charts 7-5 and 7-6) Direcrions: Work in pairs. Create a dialogue for one or more of the following situations. , The beginning of each dialogue is given. Role-play a dialogue for the rest of the class. Example: snwtmoN: You're in a restaurant. You want the waiter to refill your coffee cup. You catch the waiter's eye and raise your hand slightly. He approaches your table. DIALOGUE: Yes? What can I do for you? SPEAKER A: Yes? What can I do for you? SPEAKER B: Could I please have some more coffee? SPEAKER A: Of course. Right away. Could I get you anything else? SPEAKER B: NO thanks. Oh, on second thought, yes. Would you bring some cream too? SPEAKER A: Certainly. SPEAKER B: Thanks. 1. smAnoN: You've been waiting in line at a busy bakery. Finally, the person in front of you is being waited on, and the clerk turns toward you. DIALOGUE: Next! 2. SITUATION: YOU are at work. You feel sick. Your head is pounding, and you have a slight fever. You really want to go home. You see your boss, Mr. Jenkins, passing by your desk. DIALOGUE: Mr. Jenkins? 3. SITUATION: Your cousin, Willy, is in the next room listening to music. You are talking on the telephone. The music is getting louder and louder. Finally, you can no longer hear your conversation over the phone. You put the phone down and nun toward the door to the next room. DIALOGUE: Wl'Uy! 4. SIlWAnON: The person next to you on the plane has finished reading his newspaper. You would like to read it. DIALOGUE: Excuse me. 5. smAnoN: You see a car on the side of the road with the hood raised and an older man standing next to it. He looks tired and concerned. You pull over and get out of your car to walk over to hi. DIALOGUE: Do you need some help, sir? Modal Auxlllarles 201 1 7-7 EXPRESSING ADVICE: SHOULD AND OUGHT TO snoura (a) My clothes are duty I {ought wash them. (b) INCORRECT: I should m wash them. (c) INCORRECT: I ought washing them. anoura ana ougnr ro nave me same meanmg. They mean: "This is a good idea. This is good advice." FORMS: should + simple form of a wrb (no to) I I ouzht + to + simple firm of a wrb (d) You need your sleep. You should not NEGATIVB: should + not = shouldn't (shouldn't) stay up late. (Ought to is usually not used in the negative.) (e) A: I'm going to be late. What should I do? B: Run. (f) A: I'm tired today. B: You shouldlought w go home and take a nap. (g) A: I'm tired today. B: Maybe you shouldloughr to go home and take a nap. QrmsnoN: should + subject + main verb (Ought to is usually not used in questions.) The use of maybe with should and ought to ''softens" advice. COMPARE: In (f): Speaker B is giving definite advice. He is stating clearly that he believes going home for a nap is a good idea and is the solution to Speaker A's problem. In (g): Speaker B is maldng a suggestion: going home for a nap is one possible way to solve Speaker A's problem. EXERCISE 17. Expressing advice: SHOULD and OUGHT TO. (Chart 7-7) Directions: Work in uairs. Speaker A: State the problem. Speaker B: Give advice using should or ought to. Include maybe to soften the advice if you wish. Example: I'm sleepy. SPEAKER A: I'm sleepy. SPEAKER B: (Maybe) You should/ought to drink a cup of tea. 1. I'm hungry. 2. I'm cold. 3. 1 have a toothache. 4. 1 have the hiccups. What should I do? 5. I left my sunglasses at a restaurant yesterday. What should I do? Switch roles. 6. I'm hot. 7. 1 have a headache. 8. Someone stole my bicycle. What should I do? 9. I bought a pair of pants that don't fit. They're too long. 10. I always make a lot of spelling mistakes when I write. I don't know what to do about it. What do you suggest? 202 CHAPTER 7 Had better has the same basic meaning as should (a) My clothes are dirty. I ought to wash them. and ought to: "This is a good idea. This is good Ebytted advice!' (b) You're driving too fast! You'd better slow down. Had better usually implies a warning about possible bad consequences. In @):If you don't slow down, there could be a bad result. You could get a speeding ticket or have an accident. (c) You'd better not eat that meat. It looks s~oiled. NEGATIVE: had bettor not EXERCISE 18. Expressing advice: HAD BETIER. (Chart 7-8) Directions: In the following, the speaker chooses to use had better. What are some possible bad consequences the speaker might be thinking of? (d) I'd better send my boss an e-mail right away. 1. The movie starts in ten minutes. We'd bener hurry. + Posn'ble bad consequences: We'll be late if we don't hurry. In speaking, had is usually contracted: 'd. 2. You can't wear shorts and aT-shirt to a job interview! You'd bener change clothes before you go. 3. I can't find my credit card. I have no idea where it is. I guess I'd better cnll the credit card company. 4. A: My ankle really hurts. I think I sprained it. B: You'd benerput some ice on it right away. 5. You shouldn't leave your car unlocked in the middle of the city. You'd better lock it before we go into the restaurant. I"') ("I EXERCISE 19. Expressing advice: HAD BETTER. (Chart 7-8) Directions: Give advice using had bettor. Explain the possible bad consequence if your advice is not followed. Only the cuer's book is open. Example: It's raining. I need to go out. + You'd better take your umbrella. If you don't, you'll get wet. 1. I haven't paid my electric bill. 2. 1 need to be at the airport for a nine o'clock flight tonight. 3. ( . . . ) and I want to go out to dinner at (name of a popular restaurant) Saturday night, but we don't have reservations yet. 4. ( . . . ) wants to go to a movie tonight, but sheihe has a test tomorrow. 5. 1 don't feel good today. I think I'm coming down with something.* 6. ( . . . ) has a job at (name of a localplace). Sheme has been late to work three times in the last week. Hermis boss is very unhappy about that. The idiom "come down with something" means "get a sickness" like a cold or the Bu. Modal Auxlllarles 203 EXERCISE 20. Expressing advice: SHOULD, OUGHT TO, and HAD BETTER. q ',,"* - - (Charts 7-7 and 7-8) Diwctions: Correct the errors. kaA 1. You 44 better not be late. 2. Anna shouldn't wears shorts into the restaurant. 3. 1 should to go to the post office today. 4. 1 ought paying my bills today. 5. You'd had better to call the doctor today. 6. You don't should stay up too late tonight. 7. You'd to better not leaving your key in the door. 8. Mr. Nguyen has a large family and a small apartment. He ought found a new : ,. - apartment. . _: . = EXERCISE 21. Giving advice. (Charts 7-7 and 7-8) Directions: Work in pairs. Complete all of the dialogues. Make the dialogues longer if you wish by adding more advice, and present one of your dialogues to the class. One of you is Speaker A, and the other is Speaker B. Example: SPEAKER A: I don't feel like studying tonight. SPEAKER B: Maybe you should . . . . go w a movie instead I take tha night off l etc. SPEAKER A: I can't do that. I have a big test tomorrow. SPEAKER B: Well, then you'd better . . . . study tonight whether you feel like it or not I go w your room and get to work. 1. A: I don't feel good. I think I'm getting a cold. B: That's too bad. You'd better . . . . A: That's probably a good idea. B: You should also . . . . ,>I ,. A: Okay. I will. That's a good idea. And I suppose I'd better not . . . . B: No, you'd better not do that if you're getting a cold. 2. A: My English isn't progressing as fast as I'd like. What should I do? B: You should . . . . That's really important when you're learning a second language. " ' ' "" A: Do you have any other suggestions? B: Yes, you ought to . . . . A: That's a good idea. B: And you shouldn't . . . . A: You're right. Good suggestion. . role-play for the rest of the class.) Example: ( . . . ), you want to see ( . . . )'s grammar book for a minute. SPEAKER A: MayICouldlCan I (please) see your grammar book for a. pairs. Create a dialogue for one or more of the following situations. , The beginning of each dialogue is given. Role-play a dialogue for the rest of the class. Example: snwtmoN: You're. and a small apartment. He ought found a new : ,. - apartment. . _: . = EXERCISE 21. Giving advice. (Charts 7-7 and 7-8) Directions: Work in pairs. Complete all of the dialogues.