toefl ibt activator listening intermediate nxb tổng hợp 2008 nhiều tác giả 205 trang

eee ete TOEFL® iBT ACTIVATOR provides essential and accurate strategies to be accustomed with all types of TOEFL questions in the reading, listening, speaking and writing sections.. Tes:

TOEFL IBT ACTIVATOR

CONTENTS

PART I | BasicComprehension -

Progress Test 2 77 ww.nrantr viet.com

Pragmatic Understanding

Answer Key & Audio Scripts từ

Listen for key words Key words are often stressed by a speaker because the words indicate essential information in a sentence They will sound louder, longer and higher-pitched than other words

@cp1-02 Many people get confused about the differences between a turtle and a tortoise The main difference is that a turtle lives in or near water whereas a tortoise stays on land Another difference is that a turtle eats other animals, but a tortoise eats plants

Listen for words that are repeated or paraphrased A speaker will often use different words to express the main idea while giving details These words will help you understand what a speaker mainly talks about

@cp1-03 Alaska is the largest U.S state Nicknamed “The Last Frontier,” it is at the northwest end of North America It is the only non- contiguous state in the U.S That means this special state is on the U.S mainland but is separated from the other states by Canadian land

Listen for signal words A speaker will often use words to indicate the introduction, major steps or ideas, examples and the conclusion or summary

These words will help you understand how the passage is organized

@cpi-04 Let me explain the steps to making a volcano model First, put the water, soap, food coloring and vinegar in the drink bottle

Next, wrap the baking soda in the tissue and drop it into the bottle Then the volcano will soon erupt.

4 Pay attention to a speaker’s attitude and feeling The tone of voice will help you understand the attitude or feeling of a speaker For instance, a speaker may not directly say he or she is angry, but you can tell whether he or she is through the tone of voice

@cp1-05 A: Are you angry that I didn’t call you back?

B: No It’s fine I’m sure you were very busy

A: I was I didn’t even have time to go to the bathroom!

What did you want to tell me?

B: You know what? I can’t even remember Forget about it

5 Pay attention to the intonation-how a speaker’s voice goes up and down The intonation will help you understand more clearly what a speaker is saying

@ cp 1-06 A : You went abroad during the holidays, didn’t\you?

B: I went to Boracay with my family

B: Boracay It’s a city in the Philippines

Oh, and guess what! I saw Tom Cruise!

A: You saw Tom Cruise/in person?

PART |

CHAPTER |01

How your body makes different fluids (B) Why the human body needs blood

Body fluid is a generalterm — —— _——— forall in your body such as blood, saliva, mucus, —_— _— and so forth

These kinds of different fluids in your body all work together to help you

Let’s take a look at some of them

First, thereis _ — —_ — Your heart sends it all around your body Blood carries and other_—— to your cells and organs It also —_ ———— waste from your body

Second, there is saliva It is made in your mouth to ———s your mouth

_ covers the food you ltalso helpsyou ——— food When you chew, eat and the food becomes _ = —_— This makes iteasier for the food to move through your

Third, there is mucus isa — body fluid ltcovers some parts of your body like the inside of your ears and nose It _ your body from bacteria

WW nhantriviet.com 01_ Main Idea

Listen to a conversation between a teacher and a student cp1-11

1 What are the speakers mainly talking about? i Note-taking

(A) Counting calories in different foods : Main Topic (B) Healthy ways to lose weight

(C) The effect of different diets (D) Good foods for dieting

2 What is true about the conversation?

(A¥ Ne youngepeople need te bose weigitt

(B) Taking pills sometimes helps people lose weight

(C) Adults need more diets than the youth (D) Overweight people should eat less fat

T Ofcourse,some Ss © SC: Should go on a diet because being overweight can cause =.But is weight You shouldn’t

Also, you shouldn’t eat just one food or for dieting —

—_——_ fat and sugar ¢ Signal Words_ What I’m saying is

20 PARTI_ Basic Comprehension www nnantriviet.cor

Listen to a lecture in a biology class cp1-13

1 What is the main topic of the lecture? Note-taking

(A) Why people hate bats : Main Topic

(B) Bats and their habits (C) How bats help humans (D) The truth about bats

2 According to the lecture, what is true about bats?

Bats cause insect pest problems

(D) Bats cannot see well in the dark mammals this month Today about bats Well, first of.all, bats may look like mice, but they are not in the same family as They are not , either They are are the only mammals that not many people like bats = bats are sith live in ¢ Signal Words _ Today we're going to talk about

Nh) Mriviet.com 01_ Main Idea 21

Listen to a conversation in a biology class cp1-15

1 What is the conversation mainly about? ® Following the instructions for a frog dissection (® Questions and answers about a frog dissection © Adiscussion about a frog’s life

2 According to the conversation, which of the following does the student NOT do? ®) Place the frog in the pan

Make sideway cuts ©) Pull the skin open

3 What is the purpose of this class?

(@) To make an observation of the frog’s organs To learn how to use a scalpel and forceps ©) To follow the teacher’s instructions

@®) To evaluate what students learned in a biology class

1 What is the main topic of the lecture? ® Six basic kinds of vitamins

@® Features of some vitamins © What water-soluble vitamins are

| @® How to get various vitamins from food

2 Indicate whether each of the following describes vitamin A or vitamin C Tick in the correct box l Vitamin A | Vitamin C

It helps keep your gums healthy

| It is found in spinach

It is needed to see well in the dark

3 According to the lecture, which of the following is NOT true? ® You should eat a mix of food to get all the vitamins é®) Vitamin C helps you heal when you get sick ©) Oranges and lemons have lots of vitamin C

(®) Vitamin C stays longer in your body than vitamin A

VN t.ivfÐt.CÐi 01_ Main Idea 3

Listen and fill in the blanks cp1-17

T Everybody ready © ? OK, please @

You should be careful First, @ with water Well, that’s

G Yes, sir

The boy and the girls have to do a team project

G1 Okay Now that we've decided to do our ———— on Rome, we need to a | think it should be you, Andrew

G2 Because you’re so You are getting the in our class And you seem really the_ ————— I’ve heard you like to talk about —~—~—~——srou’ve seen on the History Channel

B Well, | like history But the leader has to the , and | don’t like todo that.|_ = C _ — speaking ¡in front of others

G1 We'll you for that part Besides, someone who really enjoys the subject is bound to make a better presentation What do you say?

Listen and fill in the blanks Then choose the correct answer cpD1-25

1961 the Wall - by East German Gov

- to people from - by new

to let people cross the

West German leaders built the Wall in 1961

(C) East Germans freely crossed to the West after 1989.

The fall of the Wall caused the collapse of communism

Well, of course, one of the most — _—— — ofthe 20th century was the of the Berlin Wall Berlin was _ SSC Communist East Berlin and ———— ‘Weest Berlin Many people tried to —_ —— — East Berlin for the West — The East German —————CO Warned to stopthem _— —.Sothey in 1961 Many people died trying to cross the Wall

By the end of the 80's, the world was SSS âằ Communism had

—_———— —=— _— ,Neighboring countriessuchas — ——— and Poland were no longer communist countries : was changing, too In 1989, new leaders of the West and the East decided to let people cross the Wall As soonasthswas ,peope — — — — the Wall and started to it They danced and celebrated the fall of the Wall Some of them _ _ a piece of the wall as a

1 What should the student write about? i Note-taking

(A) The art museum | Main Topic

Historically important artifacts

(C) The most beautiful artifacts (D) Artifacts that draw his attention

Details 2 What should the student NOT do?

(A)? Writé 2 ttvd-dr'tHrée-pagt forig’répborf ` r (B) Make sketches of the artifacts on the paper.

Copy the entire explanation of the artifacts (D) Search the Internet for information about the artifacts

T Yes | don’t want you to choose the most or the ones you think are interesting

, choose things that Something that makes you think “That’s really or

“| what thatis."° Do you? ¢ Signal Words _ In other words,

Listen to a lecture in a history class cp1-2s

1 According to the lecture, what is NOT true about the Renaissance?

(A) It started around the 14th century.

Human feelings were important in art

(C) People wanted to learn more about science.

People did not believe in God anymore

2 What is the lecture mainly about?

Why the Middle Ages ended (B) Why the Renaissance began in Italy

-ồ ltbeganin_————— aroundthe_— —— — century and lasted thes Century

wr re thought of simply

However, this belief changed Many people started to believe that humans were hada ô But duringthe ,_ — — became and

religious and social =

| Listen to a conversation between two students cp1-30

1 What are the students mainly talking about? l

@® Why the boy is more interested in World War I | Where the girl can find materials about World War I a © How the boy can help the girl’s report (@® What topic the girl should write a report about FE

2 What is NOT a reason for World War I being called, “the Great War”? ee

) It was the primary event of 20th century

It was the first global war ©) Not only soldiers but others were involved in the war

(® New guns and gas were used during the war

3 According to the conversation, which of the following is true?

( The girl thinks the world war is a very important event

The boy has finished his report on the world war ©) There is the reference section on the 1st floor of the library

D) Students can read journals on the 2nd floor of the library

Listen to a lecture in a history class cp1-31 He

1 What is the main purpose of the lecture? ©®) To introduce a famous person in American history

@®) To introduce the history of American dictionaries © To describe how dictionaries are made

@) To explain how to use an English dictionary

2 What is NOT true about An American Dictionary of the English Language? ©) It included terms from the arts and sciences

@® It had new words that had never been in other dictionaries © It was more popular than any other book of its time ©®) It followed the American way of spelling words

3 Why did Noah Webster make a dictionary? |

(@® He wanted to make money for his family BI: L 1 He wanted to reward his students for studying ì © He wanted to make a textbook for American students

| Œ@® He wanted Americans to speak and write the same way

| E2 wWWw.nF.antriviet.COr 02_ Details 3' ©) Follow Up

Listen and fill in the blanks cp1-32 G

G Can you help me for @ ? I have to write about

Webster thought American students should learn from American books

So in 1783, Webster wrote his own textbook, A Grammatical Institute of the English Language This book became the most popular American book of its time It taught American children how to read, spell and pronounce words

2 Many people started to believe that humans were creative and had a purpose And this thought led to new works of art Renaissance artists wanted to show nature and true human feelings like love and romance

Art wasn’t just created for the church, but for people themselves

In addition to the changes in art, great developments were made in science In the Middle Ages, people looked at the world in religious way and depended on superstitions But during the Renaissance, science became as important as religious and social tradition

:2 PARTI_ Basic Comprehension www nhantriviet.con

PROGRESS Teo

Listen to a conversation between a teacher and a student cp1-37 mi

1 What are the speakers mainly talking about? ® What questions will be on the pop quiz How many questions will be on the pop quiz © What subject she should study for the pop quiz

@) How the student got her score on the pop quiz

2 What is true about the pop quiz? | ©) It was a quiz about Columbus Day

There were ten questions in all © Twenty points was the highest possible score

@) The essay questions totaled five points

3 What mistake did the student make? ® She forgot to circle an answer on a multiple choice question

She circled two answers on a multiple choice question © She did not realize that there were two essay questions

(@® She misunderstood one of the essay questions

4 According to the conversation, why did Columbus sail west? lệ

(A He wanted to become an explorer

He wanted to leave Europe © He wanted to discover America

@ He wanted to reach the Far East

5 What is true about Columbus’ first journey? Choose TWO answers

(@ Columbus made his first journey in 1492

Columbus landed on an island near America © Columbus landed on the mainland of America

@ Columbus brought back silk and spices from the Far East

WWw.nhantriviet.com Progress Test 1 4&

6 What is the main topic of the lecture?

{@® What features reptiles have How animal groups are divided © Why reptiles are the best animals (@) How mammals and reptiles are different

46 PARTI_ Basic Comprehension NA ìntrviet.con

7 According to the lecture, what is the characteristic of vertebrates?

They can hold their breath in water © They shed their skin

8 How is the Green Anaconda different from most reptiles? Pi © It has dry, tough and scaly skin ® It has claws on its toes © It breathes with lungs ©) It gives birth to babies

‘9° According to the lecture, which of the following is true? ® Only some reptiles have waterproof skin ee

@® Some reptiles do not have any legs 2 © Most reptiles breathe through their skin

@ The eggs of reptiles are generally hard

10 What is NOT mentioned in the lecture?

| How young reptiles are born

CHAPTER! 03

By contrasting past and present earthquakes (B) By giving an example of a recent earthquake

We’ve been talking about many types of —_ Ioday, we're going to _ Crustalmovements, ——— An earthquake ¡is a of the ground. _ theearths_ — isa called tectonic plates There are about 10 plates of the earth that slowly Most earthquakes_ ——— — at the boundaries

The movement between plates is not the plates move too ,theycreae ofÍenergy to come to the earth’s surface The waves make and _ which we feel This is called an earthquake

Earthquakes are _—————_ In fact, happen every day in different parts of the world But, thankfully, most are , SO Many people don’t

Listen to a conversation between two students cp2-05

1 How does the boy show that the study group is Note-taking ive? effective? Main Topic

(B) He compares his science grade to others’

(C) He mentions where and how often they meet

(D) He says that it is recommended by Mr Peterson

2+ằ When dothe members of the study group meet together?

(A) Mondays and Tuesdays at 4 pm

(B) Mondays and Wednesdays at 5 pm

(C) Mondays and Tuesdays at 5 pm

(D) Mondays and Wednesdays at 4 pm

B Just_ —— — your notes and review the last class The get-togethers aren't really formal or anything We just try and

_ swith things we don’t get _— ,lcouldn't why volcanoes erupt Then someone in our group it

“ _ al the last test ¢ Signal Words _ For instance,

54 PARTII_ Connecting Information www.nhantrviet.com

Listen to a lecture in an earth science class cp2-07

1 How does the teacher explain why fossils are rare? Note-taking

By showing a specific animal fossil (D) By contrasting teeth fossils to bone fossils

Details 2 Why does the teacher mention dinosaur fossils?

To show what fossils look like (B) To prove a theory of fossils

Fossils are to form because most living things decay easily a be fossils, there — — should be dead plants or animals that need to be sediment as soon as possible As time passes, piles up on the plants or animals These layers of sediment can damage millions of years,theplantsoranmasa = — — between lots of sediment

* Signal Words _ !n order to be fossils, there first wwwnkantriviet.com 03_ Organization 55

1 Why does the student want to talk with her teacher? ® To get comments for her studies To raise an objection to her grade

| @ To say her difficulties in studying

| 2 Which of the following is NOT a suggestion made by the teacher?

@® Avoid studying at the last minute

Study continuously throughout the term © Pay attention to the exam

@® Cram for the next exam

3 How does the teacher mention the way to get good grades? ® By giving pieces of advice for studying By contrasting the girl’s study habits to others’ ©) By giving reasons the girl studies hard

@ By giving an example of a good student

56 PARTI Connecting Information W ›ntri/jet.co

1 What is the main topic of the lecture? ® The different uses of rocks The benefits of rocks © The various types of rocks { @ The relationship between rocks and magma

2 What type of rock does each statement describe? Tick in the correct box

Igneous Sedimentary | Metamorphic rock rock rock

It needs heat and pressure

It is made from molten magma

It is easily found near lakes

3 How does the teacher explain rocks? ® By classifying several types of rocks By showing pictures of various rocks © By talking about what each rock is made of (©) By emphasizing the importance of rocks sii : 03_ Organization |

Listen and fill in the blanks cpz-11 Excuse me, Mr Brown? Do you @) L Sure, come on in

G T G _I want to tell you about my recent @ T — Oh, yes

G You see, I’ve just picked up (3) But I couldn’t accept it because it sero _-_ vourtésf sheet’ Gite’nfe’a inbrhénf Urhrhth.”

Okay, I see a problem You didn’t answer @) of the paper

Yeah, why didn’t you check?

G_ Oh,its Actually, it was @ my exam because I @ studying @

I said you’d better study every day - @ G Isthereanywayforme@ ———————— ?Ummm take a make up test or something?

T I’m afraid that wouldn’t be fair to @ if I gave you ® But I think I know what you’re going through It’s not a)

G_ Yes, but I really @ a good grade

T Ifyou care so much about your gradeslá@ that maybe you try harder to 9 the rest of the class Instead of

58 PARTII_ Connecting Information Www nhantivietcon a little bit every day One more thing you should do is @ carefully on the upcoming tests

G _I guess you’re right Thank you for @

Rocks are @ three types: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

To find out @ , we have to look at what the rock

@ ,Wwhatits@_ Isas well as how it is ®

First, let’s © how it is formed

Igneous rocks are made from molten magma When this magma@_- SS, igneous rocks are formed Igneous rocks have @ ._ SS: intrusive or extrusive Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when the magma cools down

@ , extrusive igneous rocks are shaped by molten magma that @ of the earth They form in only ® or weeks

Let’s move on to sedimentary rocks They are formed fron@_ — — ofother rocks, ® , animals or sand They are made from sediment ® aparticular@ —— — Sedimentary rocks cover 75% of the earth’s —- surface You can find them easily ® or near the ocean

9 are metamorphic rocks They formed when other rocks are changed through @ They usually @) greater than 150°C and lots of high pressure @ metamorphic rocks is @ _—_— I think you’ ve seen marble floors before in 24)

Www nhar.triviet.com 03_ Organization 59

Write the meaning of each word in Vietnamese depressed adj very unhappy and gloomy syn sad I often go to the river when I feel depressed disaster n avery bad accident or an event causing great harm

There have been so many natural disasters recently underneath prep directly under another object or being covered by it

There are balls underneath the table

Boundary n aline or border that separates something from others syn border The sign marks the boundary of the village get-together n an informal meeting or party

I had a get-together at my house last Sunday formal adj very correct and polite rather than relaxed and friendly a, offical I wrote a formal letter of apology to her erupt v to explode or burst out suddenly syn break out A nearby volcano erupted violently remains n the parts of something left after the rest has been destroyed

We visited the remains of a historic temple decay v to gradually become rotten and weaker syn decompose Vegetables are likely to decay cram v to try to learn a lot very quickly before an exam

I’m cramming for my final exam marble n avery hard rock used in building and sculpture

He’s carving a statue out of marble

60 PARTII_ Connecting Information yww.nhantrivet.cor

Find the word closest in meaning disaster cram underneath get-together marble

1 an informal meeting or party 2 directly under another object or being covered by it 3 to try to learn a lot very quickly before an exam 4 avery hard rock used in building and sculpture 5 avery bad accident or an event causing great harm

Find the synonymous word eR Ee St Le BoP ea

3 decompose 4 official choose the correct word

1 Most earthquakes occur at the where the plates meet a bounces b boundaries c bounds

2 We visited the of an ancient palace a remains b remarks c results

3 Dannywrotea letter of apology to the school principal a informal b formal c familiar imiartrviet.com 03_ Organization 61

Students can improve their listening skills through chunking and shadowing practice

Divide into meaningful groups of words Then listen and repeat co2-13

1 =‘ The water transforms to a gas and rises up into the atmosphere

2 ‘Fossils are rare and difficult to form because most living things decay easily after death

3 I couldn’t accept it because it was much lower than I had expected

It was hard to focus on my exam because | had stayed up all night

5 Metamorphjc,recks, require h¢at greater, than [50°C and hjgh pressure,

Repeat the sentences while listening

1‘ Fossils are the remains or traces of living things that lived and died a long time ago They can be real material from the plants and animals such as a bone, or a sign of the plants and animals’ activity such as a footprint

2 Rocks are divided into three types: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

To find out the type of rock, we have to look at what the rock is made of, what its texture is as well as how it is formed First, let’s start with how it is formed

Igneous rocks are made from molten magma When this magma cools down, igneous rocks are formed Igneous rocks have two types: intrusive or extrusive Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when the magma cools down inside the earth’s surface They take several thousand years to form On the other hand, extrusive igneous rocks are shaped by molten magma that cools on the surface of the earth They form in only a few days or weeks

62 PARTIL Connecting Information www.nhantriiet.con d ob PART II

CHAPTER | 04

To say that the science teacher suggests making’a model rocket (B) To make a comparison between her class and the boy’s

G _ Did you know that we’re having a —— ——— event next month?

B Isitthe _ Wherestudens _ — related to space? Are you going to enter it?

G_ Yes Mr Steve, our science teacher is making everyone in our class

B- Really? Do you for what you’re going to do?

G m _— — rockets, so Ì might make a B Arocket thatsounds _— — Are you sure you can make it work?

G Ofcourse l studied jet propulsionina _ _——_ _ — class I'll use a balloon to power my rocket It’ll be cool! What about you?

B- Ihaven’treally = Ct, but |warntto —

G Are you serious? Then, how about makinga _—_ —_ _ solar system?

66 PARTII_ Connecting Information www ntantriviet.com

Listen and fill in the blanks Then choose the correct answer cD2-19 holes things get —_—_—

Ex a cleaner the force of _-

Why does the teacher talk about a vacuum cleaner?

(A) To illustrate his explanation of a black hole (B) To introduce what the inside of a black hole is (C) To compare the gravity of a black hole to that of Earth (D) To prove why a star collapses into a tiny point

Black holes are one of things in space What are they exactly? When a star runsoutoft._ ,itcannot_ — — itsheavy weight — — _ — The star eventually collapses into a single

This tiny point then becomes like a _ ltcan anything Well, think about You can see the dirt and dust startto the vacuum A black hole is something in —— _——— — where things get sucked in and nothing

Then, why is everything =i ablackhole)l of the force of —— Like the way that earth’s gravity keeps us on the

_, that’s what happens ina ss s—( SCS as eel Its: pull is SO that not even light can —— _ www nb antriviet.com 04 Purpose 6;

1 Why does the teacher mention NASA? ¡_ Note-taking

(A) To help the student apply to be an astronaut ị Main Topic (B) To give reasons for hard work and effort

(C) To describe what NASA does for people (D) To explain how to become an astronaut

2 According to the conversation, which of the following issNOT> true?

(A) NASA picks twenty people every year

(B) There are many applicants for being an astronaut (C) Most astronauts are good at math and science

(D) The student decides to study hard to be an astronaut

G But | don’t know exactly a little bit about it?

T Okay Have you ever heard about NASA? _ isan sé the U.S .Itis thestudof

Every two years,NASA _ _ _ tojoin its astronaut team ¢ Signal Words _ Can you tell me ?

68 PARTII_ Connecting Information www.nbantriviet.com

Listen to a lecture in an astronomy class cp2-22

1 Why does the teacher mention what Neil Armstrong Note-taking said? Main Topic

(A) To illustrate how Armstrong landed on the moon (B) To compare flying a jet plane to walking on the moon (C) To emphasize the meaning of his accomplishment (D) To help explain how humankind develops

2 How does the teacher explain Neil Armstrong's life?

(A) By talking about his careers in the aviation field (B) By listing episodes in the order of importance (C) By comparing him to other astronauts (D) By mentioning the aspects of his character

, on July 20th, Apollo 11 the moonand — Neil Armstrong walked on the _ ,After — _—— —— on the moon, Armstrong said, “That's o6 tC - fÍormanone leapfor SC” This was ant inhistoy_ — —— people thought it would be

_— - to land on the moon sSignal Words_ This was an amazing moment in history because people thought www.ntan triviet.com 04 Purpose 69

1 What are the speakers mainly talking about?

| ® The life of Edwin Hubble

2 Why does the teacher talk about a window?

@ To compare it to the telescope To illustrate why a telescope is in space © To describe how a telescope works

@®) To emphasize the importance of cleaning

3 Which of the following is NOT true about the conversation?

( Hot and cold airs can interrupt taking pictures of stars

(BD The Hubble Telescope can create clear images ©) Edwin Hubble studied the universe

(©) Edwin Hubble invented the Hubble Telescope

Listen to a lecture in an astronomy class cp2-25

1 What is the main topic of the lecture? ®) Facts about Mars ® Planets on our solar system © Seasonal characteristics of Mars

@ Some evidence of creatures:on Mars

2 Why does the teacher mention water on Mars?

| ©) To contrast Mars with Earth

| To emphasize the height of mountains on Mars © To give reasons why polar ice caps exist

@®) To explain life may have been possible

3 What comparison is made between Earth and Mars?

(® The size of the planet The distance from the Sun ©) The color of the planet

CD The existence of water

WwWW.nl:in*fivietcon 04_ Purpose © Follow Up

Listen and fill in the blanks cp2-26 G

G May I ask you about the Hubble Telescope?

Sure, go ahead What would you like to know?

Well, @ , | read that the Hubble Telescope is located @ I have a telescope ® and sometimes I like to watch the stars What I’m wondering is why people don’t just have a @ That’s a good question See 6) _ _ it’s able to see things more clearly in space,

That’s partly it The main reason it can 7) eS ee is that the Earth’s atmosphere can’t

Yes, I mean things like @ Imagine if you đ to your window You can still see, but not as clearly

Oh, I see @ I want to know is how the telescope got its name

Well, the telescope got the ® Edwin Hubble Edwin

Hubble studied stars in ® and @ that the universe was (5) He must’ve been a great astronomer

He sure was He was 4) galaxies outside of our own Milky Way So, the Hubble Telescope got its name ô7 his achievement

72 PART II Connecting Information www nhantwiet.com

Good afternoon, class Today I’m going to talk about @ Mars Mars is objects in the night sky It has been known

I’m sure you’ve all seen @ about

6) from Mars, right? Mars has always interested © because it is very close to ®

Many people think that life there That’s because © shows đò on Mars in the past But there are @ Íound yet.So,@_ —— — _, sclentists are studying the planet © that @ in the past

Mars is © from the Sun in our solar system, and ® is the “Red Planet” because of its @ This is caused by iron oxide ® , Mars has © Olympus

Mons may be @ and Valles Marineris is

@ They exist on the @ of the planet

Like our own planet, Earth, Mars has @ The only ® is that seasons on Mars are roughly @ of those on Earth That’s because Mars is @ from the Sun than Earth Therefore, a year on Mars is B a year on Earth

Write the meaning of each word in Vietnamese miniature syn little support syn hold up escape disoovrage mankind syn humanity astronomer flow syn run canyon syn ravine roughly syn about run out syn be exhausted hit the books

74 PARTII_ Connecting Information adj tiny version of something I have several miniature cars in my bedroom v to keep something upright or in place The marble pillars support the giant bridge v to get away from a place or dangerous situation Many people escaped from the contagious area

+œtake away hope The final exam results discouraged students n the human race, all humans Mike is interested in the history of mankind n a person who studies things in outer space Astronomers discovered new planets v to move along like water Blood flows inside our bodies n a deep valley with very steep sides The Grand Canyon is the most famous canyon adv.approximately, not exactly My father is roughly twice as old as I am to become used up My laptop’ battery finally ran out to study hard I have to hit the books this weekend

Find the word closest in meaning flow astronomer canyon hit the books discourage

1 adeep valley with very steep sides 2 a person who studies things in outer space 3 to take away hope

4 to study hard 5 to move along like water

Find the synonymous word run out miniature support mankind

1 Some evidence shows that water in this area a flowed b froze c flooded

2 ‘Danny is twice as tall as I am a gently b roughly c lightly

3 Ablack hole’s pull is so strong that not even light can a evaporate b catch c escape

Divide into meaningful groups of words Then listen and repeat cp2.28

Laika was trained to fly in outer space

I studied jet propulsion in a science class

Neil Armstrong became the first human being to walk on the moon

Edwin Hubble studied stars in faraway galaxies Œœ@{ + WOW ND Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system

1 Neil Armstrong was born on August Sth, 1930 in Ohio In university, he studied aeronautical engineering as well as aerospace engineering After he graduated, he became a test pilot to fly new planes These new planes were the fastest planes that had ever been made Armstrong piloted planes that flew as fast as the speed of sound

2 Good afternoon, class Today I’m going to talk about the planet Mars

Mars is one of the brightest objects in the night sky It has been known since ancient times I’m sure you’ve all seen science fiction movies about creatures from Mars, right? Mars has always interested our imagination because it is very close to our own planet

Many people think that life may exist there That’s because some evidence shows water flowed on Mars in the past But there are no rivers or oceans found yet

76 PARTII_ Connecting information www.nhantrisiet.com a TOEFL iBT ACTIVATOR Listening

PROGRESS 1i

CHAPTER 05

Students will learn how to recognize what comparison is made or how different ideas in the passage are related.

Relationship questions ask you to identify how a piece of information is connected to either the main topic or other ideas For these types of questions, you may be asked how the things are similar or different and how they are related

What is (NOT) compared between and_ — ? What is the difference between and _?

What comparison does the teacher make between and ? What is the next step after_— — ?

They may help you identify a relationship between the different ideas

_Contrast: however, on the other hand, while, on the contrary _Comparison: similarly, likewise, in comparison to, instead of _Sequence: first, then, the next step, after, last e Make simple charts about the similarities and differences

They may help you compare information and recognize how ideas are organized

Pay attention to what happens at each step in the process

If the speaker discusses a biography, historical events in a time order, instructions for making something or an experiment, it is likely to be a question about ordering and sequencing

Má PART III_ Content Linking

Listen to a lecture in a music class CD3-02

What is NOT compared between the viola and the violin? ® Size

Choose the correct word for each meaning how high or low a sound is typical and normal _—_—————— apleasant combination of sounds related to the body rather than the mind or emotions a thin piece of wire stretched on an instrument average physical harmony string pitch www.nhintriver.com 05_ Relationship 8&

Listen and fill in the blanks Then choose the correct answer cD3-03

Orpheus Hall The Royal Auditorium

- on Main Street - next to the

Indicate whether each statement below describes Orpheus Hall or the Royal Auditorium Tick in the correct box

L Orpheus Hall The Royal Auditorium | a — ———————— —a ——-———— ———]

It is closer to downtown

It is new and great

It is close to the highway

G _ Did you hear that the has been ? B Postponed? Why? Whatsthe ?

G You know we play at the Grandview Concert

Hall Well, itis sti] == and itt Won't — unti

B- So we have to another month to play?

G_ No,| heard that we’re going to play i Th_ is thinking Orpheus Hall on Main Street ————-—sthe Royal PNUIGIGONIUIN) To give an example of the new colors Van Gogh used

3 Indicate whether each of the following describes Van Gogh’s earlier works or his later ones Tick in the correct box

| Drawing the exact form of the subject

Using bright colors” © Follow Up

Listen and fill in the blanks cps3-11

G Hi! [heard that the school has ©

T Welcome! That’s right Actually we have © Among them, I'd like to © and @ clubs? I’m arts and crafts clubs or

G_ Sounds ®@ _ T .The nainting cluhis the@ -

.Thereare.about.15 studộents.in ằ the club The knitting club ¡s also popular They have0 - 5 or 6 are boys artd 2 or 3 are girls

G_ Would it be possible to join @ ? I don’t see @® They each meeton@ - CSCC df ‘the week The painting club meets on ® , and the knitting club on đồ

G_Isee And ® and ® They all meet © at 4pm @ floor They usually run to 5 or 5:30

T Well, it@ the club We @

92 PARTIII_ Content Linking does each club meet? on the second paper and paint, but you and palette for the painting club

? | don’t have much of an www nhantriviett.com

T They ®@ much You can buy everything for under 20 dollars

Vincent Van Gogh was born on March 30th, 1853 Van Gogh did not become a painter

D But @ of his life, he created ® 2,000 works of art.Quite@ — ,isn ti?

VanGoghs@ @ arevery(@_ hislater ones At first, he was interested in showing_— ¡ma He used © todo this @ —— — ofthese earlierworks is a painting called The Potato Eaters It shows five peasants @ eating potatoes under an oil lamp The whole painting is very dark and realistic.

Looking at the painting,youcan@2 youare siting right there with

InI886,VanGogh@ tolive with his brother, Theo There, he saw how impressionists used © and painted ® short, thick strokes of paint in their works The @ tried to ® of their subjects © their @ Van Gogh also began painting @) This change can be seen in the famous Sunflowers series From 1888 to 1889, he drew ® of sunflowers

@ These paintings show sunflowers @ : from @® to ® His Sunflowers series is famous for its use of @ , especially a ® called chrome yellow These paintings are loved for their @ as well ấ = www nhantriviet.com 05_ Relationship 9°

Write the meaning of each word in Vietnamese recital postpone syn put off

‘pasté syn disorderly syn value supply syn give allowance syn pocket money exact syn accurate on the spot

amusical performance given by one or more musicians Tickets for the recital were all sold out

to delay something until later The departure was postponed until Friday

adrawing, painting or photograph of a person The man asked me to paint his portrait td Stick something fo'sdniefhing éise Using Gite’

We pasted posters on the walls

without order or sense The traffic was chaotic after the heavy snowfall

to know the full value of something He is the only person who appreciates the music

to provide people with something that they need or want Our community will supply books for children

money given to someone regularly My father gives me an allowance of 30 dollars

to have a particular price How much does this sweater cost? ¡ completely correct in every detail I can't remember the exact date of her birthday without delay, immediately She wrote the poem on the spot www.nhantriviet.com

Find the word closest in meaning recital portrait on the spot allowance cost

1s money given to someone regularly 2 adrawing, painting or photograph of a person 3 to have a particular price

4 without delay, immediately 5 amusical performance given by one or more musicians

1 Itseems asifthe face wascutand —— allinaJumbled mamner a pasted b passed c paced

2 ‘The man asked the painter to draw his a portrait b photograph c graph

3 We paper and paint, but you have to buy your own brushes a surround b supply c surf intantriviet.com 05_ Relationship 9§

Divide into meaningful groups of words Then listen and repeat cp3-i3

Most people can’t tell the difference between a violin and a viola

The cubists tried to show all the sides of an object at once

You’ll learn to appreciate its rhythms and melodies

You have to buy your own brushes and palette for the painting club œA{ + WO DO —

Vincent Van Gogh drew several oil paintings of sunflowers in vases

1 Here ¡is another example of cubism If you look closely at this picture of human body, you will find geometric shapes This is another feature of cubism The cubists use cubes, cylinders, balls and cones to simplify objects

2 ‘Vincent Van Gogh was born on March 30th, 1853 Van Gogh did not become a painter until he was 27 But during the last ten years of his life, he created more than 2,000 works of art Quite amazing, isn’t it?

Van Gogh’s earlier works are very different from his later ones At first, he was interested in showing farmers’ lives in a natural realistic way He used dark colors to do this The most famous of these earlier works is a painting called The Potato Eaters It shows five peasants sitting around a table eating potatoes under an oil lamp

96 PARTIII_ Content Linking WWW nhantrieit.cor

CHAPTER |! 06

Students will practice predicting what comes next or drawing conclusions about certain effects

| based on ideas given in the passage

Inference questions check if you can guess the implied meaning or fact from what the speaker says The questions will ask you to infer what is likely to happen or what the real meaning of a sentence or a phrase is

What can be inferred from —— —_ ? What is probably true about St What does the student imply about _— ? What will the speaker probably do next?

Listener’s Strategies ¢ Catch the main idea and pay attention to the context

They may help you guess the implied meaning of a certain sentence or phrase

Recognize the word stress and intonation

The speaker uses specific stress and intonation to express what he or she means

You may predict what will happen next through the certain words or phrases that the speaker mentions

—I will, I think, We’ll talk, You’d better, etc tomorrow, next time/week, this afternoon, etc

98 PARTII_ Content Linking WV riviet.c‹

Listen to a lecture in a social studies class CD3-17

What can be inferred about extracurricular activities?

They prepare students for later success © They make students’ hobby more fun.

CA) They take time away from studying

@® They guarantee students will be accepted to university

Choose the correct word for each meaning to deal with, control or manage involving relationships between people a duty to be in charge of someone or something relating to one’s ability to think and understand things to successfully complete something intellectual handle responsibility achieve interpersonal

Listen and fill in the blanks Then choose the correct answer CD3-18

- need to _ Mr Green - _ his office you visit

What will the boy probably do next?

(A) He will go and talk to Mr Green at his office

(B) He will write an e-mail io Mr, Green:

(C) He will study for the upcoming exam

(D) He will make a phone call to Mr Green

BI really to Mr Green to ask about the exam

B_ That's what | But he was whenl_———.Theexamis ——_— lfsquite a

B Idon’t understand _ the two houses of the U.S Ỉlt might be on this exam

G Have you _ _ him? The e-mail address is on the _ _ B Hmm | think itisn’ta == =waytoask - by e-mail

G Then,you _ _ hisoffice . you visit him

If he doesn’t answer, then you can 2 a

00 PARTIII_ Content Linking NR Mei OH

Listen and fill in the blanks Then choose the correct answer cp3-19

What —— - Not In My BackYard: —_— ——— dirty or unsuitable facilities to be built nearby NIMBY -

Why — - afraid - facilities will cause serious most facilities: X _ serious problems

What does the teacher imply about NIMBY feelings?

(A) They are based on misunderstanding

(B) They have a good effect on social development

(C) They result from correct information and evidence

(D) They should be respected and accepted

If waste dumps are builtin _._- === _—, then how do vou feel?

Generally, peopledontwant _ _ _ — to bẹ built nearby This phenomenon is called NIMBY, which — _— — — — “NotIn My BackYard.”

NIMBY therefore describes having dirty or facilities near their own communities Though people usually those facilitlesare — , they don't want them tc their own town For example, people see the — — atreatment center for drug addicts or a new social housing project, but they -

— _ệ_ 8titudewilloften ———— very hard against the plan They are that — will cause

_ to their neighborhood — make people think those facilities create ` However, most facilities actually serious problems for their www ntantrivet.cam 06_ Inference 10

1 What can be inferred from the conversation? Note-taking

(A) The girl is thinking about running for Class President Main Topic (B) The boy makes a decision to vote for Frank

(C) The girl is not interested in voting for Class President

(D) The boy is sure that Bob cannot be elected as Class President

2 Whatis the main topic of the conversation?

(A) Who is elected as Class President (B) Why Frank would be the best President (C) Why students should vote for Bob (D) What qualities Class President should have

G_ No, I’m serious | think he would do a good job

B- Well, | suppose it’s , and it’s that he would ever —_ —_ He's such a joker | still remember that time he almost In the chemistry labl

| can’t imagine what he’d do e Signal Words _ | suppose it’s only one vote, and it’s not likely that

102 PARTIII_ Content Linking www.nhantrviel.con:

Listen to a lecture in a social studies class cp3-22

1 What can be inferred about the Chinese New Year? : Note-taking

(A) People usually go abroad at this time | Main Topic (B) Most people no longer celebrate it

(C) It is becoming more popular every year

(D) Good fortune is considered as important at this time

2 Which of the following is NOT true about Chinese New Year practices?

(A) People use the color red to scare away bad luck

(B) People do not buy new clothes

(C) People sweep their floors on New Year’s Day

(D) People eat special foods such as dumplings and fish

People wear special] _._ === © SCC an give’ gifts Of MEW Money in

.Someeven_ their doors, windows or houses for the New Year the color red

theầr _ —— —— the evening before _— §Weeping on New Year’s Day would mean away their ôSignal Words _ They believe that

Challenge TOEFL iBT bị2 Listen to a conversation between a teacher and a student cp3-24

1 What are the speakers mainly talking about? ® How different climates affect culture

(®) Why the student chooses this topic © What approach to take when writing an essay

@®) Where to find information for the term paper

2 Why does the teacher mention some articles? A ® To compare the student’s paper to other articles To show how to write a good term paper © To make the student find another topic for her paper

@®) To give the student something helpful

3 What will the student probably do next week?

(® She will do other assignments ®) She will write the paper that agrees with Robilliard ©) She will get some articles about climate on culture ©) She will go to the library to research different topics

Listen to a lecture in a social studies class cp3-25

1 What is the teacher mainly talking about? ® How to keep prices steady in balance How prices are influenced by supply and demand © How to increase demand for a product

@® How supply and demand remain equal

2 Why does the teacher mention pencils?

@ To simply explain the concept of supply and demand ®) To define the relationship between demand and price ©) To say why supply is important in economics ®) To introduce how price is determined in the market

3 What can be inferred from the lecture?

( Prices always go up when products become popular

(B) Steady demand and less supply will raise prices ©) Changes in supply usually do not affect prices

@) A war situation will result in lower demand

Listen and fill in the blanks cps-26 G

Dr Hall, © you for a minute?

Sure, but have to goto@ -— SCS SO Wee’ I vee to talk

@ I want to ask you about © for

Do ———— are you writing about?

* 1h 4t _ ‘He Intpact of Ulfmate on cutựrc

Oh, like Robilliard described That’s an@ - _

But I’m © other views — you know, other people who

I know his viewpoints are the@_ — — — for most work in that area But ® some people@_ 7?

Oh, many did, but his @ was @® that not many of his opponents @

That’s why I hardly found any journals @®

Umm I @ some @ that @ his @ Actually I @ that subject when

Really? @ the articles if ® them?

I haven’t used them in many years, so let me find them first

OK Good! When can I @ then?

106 PARTII_ Content Linking www.nhantrisiet.com

G That’s fine I have other papers to work on this week

The Law of Supply and Demand is an important idea

Here, supply means the @ that is available For example, if you have 5 pencils, then @) is 5 The other important conceptis@ ltmeans ®@ Demand seems

@ — _ butitreally isn’t If 5 people want one pencil each, then

The Law of Supply and Demand can explain why the price of a product How?Well,if@ —— — between supply and demand, the price of aproductt@ — — fora long time That is, there is đ of the product available to ® So in this situation, the price of a product will not change, if all other factors ®

Now, let’s imagine these changes: suddenly, there is @

This can happen when ® or when the demand for aproduct@ _.In this case, there isn”t enough of a product to satisfy the consumers The Law of Supply and Demand says that in such cases where demand @® supply, ®

The Law of Supply and Demand also @ that the price @ when supply is greater than demand When consumers are not buying a product or there is @i) than people want, @

And we see this in real markets As long as there aren’t @ like illegal price fixing or wars, the Law of Supply and Demand is @ www.nhantriviet.com 06_ Inference 103

Write the meaning of each word in Vietnamese facility treatment syn care object syn protest population annual syn yearly practice syn tradition approach available consumer syn customer predict syn foretell drop by

108 PART II_ Content Linking adj a place or piece of equipment for a particular purpose We visited the manufacturing facilities in Detroit the medical attention given to cure an illness or injury He doesn’t use alcohol after treatment to feel or express opposition to something A lot of people object to smoking all the people livina in a particular area Most of the population lives in the cities happening once every year The annual exhibition runs from this Monday an established custom or habit It's a practice to sweep their floor on New Year’ Eve a way of dealing with a problem or situation He disagreed with our approach to the problem able or ready to be obtained or used Are these pants available in a larger size? a person who buys things or uses services There was a big change in consumer demand to tell about something in advance The weather forecast predicts snow for today to stop in for a short visit Lucy will drop by my house after school

Find the word closest in meaning population facility drop by approach available

1 able or ready to be obtained or used 2 a way of dealing with a problem or situation 3 a place or piece of equipment for a particular purpose 4 all the people living in a particular area

5 _ to stop in for a short visit

Gs ô: Customer: 6 kc ay ee ww 2: yearly ` es ee

1 ‘There are some traditional during the New Year period a practices b praises c plastics

2 The scholars disagreed with our to the problem a appearance b approach c apology

3 When can I your office then? a drop behind b drop by c drop back

Divide into meaningful groups of words Then listen and repeat cp3-28

1 IfMr Green doesn’t answer, then you can leave a message

Frank is a nice guy, but Sally really understands the things well

Though people usually admit those facilities are necessary, they don’t want them to disturb their own town

4 If there is a balance between supply and demand, the price of a product wouldn’t change for a long time

1 There are some traditional practices during the New Year period For example, they use the color red a lot People wear special red clothes and give gifts of new money in red envelopes Some even paint their doors, windows or houses red for the New Year They believe that the color red scares away ghosts and bad fortune

2 —Let’s imagine these changes: suddenly, there is more demand than supply This can happen when the supply suddenly drops or when the demand for a product suddenly increases In this case, there isn’t enough of a product to satisfy the consumers The Law of Supply and Demand says that in such cases where demand is greater than supply, the price will go up

The Law of Supply and Demand also predicts that the price will fall when supply is greater than demand When consumers are not buying a product or there is much more available than people want, the price will go down

110 PART II_ Content Linking www.nhantriviet.com

PROGRESS

Units 1 and 5 from the textbook

(@ Economic terms studied in class

3 What is compared between the final exam and the midterm?

@) Question types ® The length of exam

4 Why does the teacher mention the exam is worth 45 percent? :

| ® To encourage students to do well on the exam

| @® To compare it with that of midterm

| © To persuade students to cram for the exam

| @ To mention the unimportance of the exam

5 Whatcan be inferred from the conversation? @ Reports can make up for missed quizzes

Some students tend to cram for the final exam ©) All of the students are doing well in class

@) The final is as important as the midterm

ANAT Sat COM Progress Test 3 11.

| (A3 How a cold and the flu pass from one person to another

What a cold and the flu are and how to treat them © How to avoid getting a cold or the flu ©) When to use medicine and how to take it properly

7 What advice is NOT mentioned for dealing with a cold or the flu? ®) Drink plenty of water

Take some rest © Avoid heavy physical exercise

8 How does the teacher talk about the common cold and the flu? ® By explaining how they were discovered

@®) By giving examples to illustrate how they are related © By describing their similarities and differences

@® By suggesting the ways to avoid getting them

‘9 Which of the following is a feature of a cold or the flu or both?

Tick in the correct box

10 According to the lecture, what can be inferred about medicine?

@® Medicine is very effective to cure a cold or the flu

Medicine can help some symptoms © Medicine can cure the flu, but cannot completely cure a cold

@ Medicine is not at all helpful for a cold or the flu

CHAPTER |07 Attitude

She js excited ahoyt getting started

(C) She is worried about not getting everything done

(D) She would like him to do most of the work

G Earth Day is coming As the members ofthe _ _—, Welll have like what we did last year

B Well, this time how about carrying on a campaign for — ——— waste?

G Soundsgood._ —, there is — produced in our school

B Hmm | have _—.Weusea lot of paper in the classroom, but as you know we normally use of it

B lthnhiíwcG ss pamphletsand_ — a_ - about it, students would _ — that idea carefully a we have alotof _-_ |

120 PARTIV_ Pragmatic Understanding ve nhà “¡tt tetcon

Listen and fill in the blanks Then choose the correct answer cD4-04

Animals at risk - Giant panda

the pollution in : disappearing = habitat the trees

Listen again to part of the lecture Then answer the question

What is the teacher's attitude about the answer?

He is not sure whether the answer is correct or not

(D) He considers the answer to be a good guess, but still not enough

T _ Today, we're going to talk about _ at risk Like well, like the giant panda ——_— —— Can someone tell me

G lsntt_ ——— _— SSCS because of the in ?

T Ummm that might be a factor There are _ why a particulaspeds — CiniS —————_——

_—_——— n0W People are And a lot of landis being — — — _~ apartments or skyscrapers for new

So, the habitat of the giant panda is disappearing The that the _—— are also being depleted These things put a lot of the panda So there are only about

1 Listen again to part of the conversation Then answer ¡ Note-taking the question 4

How is the boy’s attitude about the club? Main Topic

He is unsure that he would join ! Details

2 What problem does the boy have?

(A) The club is organizéd by someone he does not know

(B) He wants to attend a volunteer work instead of the club.

He does not know about recycling or fund-raising

B Jane, _—— _ that club, “Friends of the Planet," right?

B Uh ? It seems like it’s for

G — :_ lFSan you know, for people who want to _ ¢ Signal Words _ Uh what's it like?

122 PARTIV_ Pragmatic Understanding www.nhantriviet.con

Listen to a discussion in an ecology science class cp4-07

1 Listen again to part of the discussion Then answer Note-taking the question 1 Main‘Topic

What does the teacher mean when he says this: 4

The teacher partly agrees with the boy

(C) What the boy said is wrong.

It is understandable that the boy thinks that way Details

2 How does the teacher explain global warming?

By giving the causes of global warming (B) By introducing how to prevent global warming

By listing the regions where global warming happens

T Global warming is avery _ _ —— — in the news these days But l how many of you really ._._ what it is Yes, Chris?

B Uh.lknowthatieo oftheearthis == CS Butt don’t know exactly Won’t warmer weather be ?

T Hmm well, do you ? Have you ever thought aboutthe _ _ ofthe FP s Signal Words_ Hmm well, do you really think so? Have you ever thought about

1 What are the speakers mainly talking about? ® How to help reduce pollution What topic the girl chooses © Taking pictures of polluted areas ® Giving a more effective presentation

2 What is the girl’s attitude about the presentation? ®) She is confident to give the presentation

She is annoyed that it is not easy to find information © She is nervous that she has to speak in front of students

@ She is worried that her presentation will be boring

3 What can be inferred from the conversation? ® The presentation will give new information about pollution

The boy will help the girl prepare for the presentation © The presentation will use some tools for a vivid demonstration

@®) The girl will practice a lot for the presentation

Listen to a lecture in an ecology class cp4-10

According to the lecture, which of the following is true?

(® The ozone layer can cause cancer

Ultraviolet radiation blocks lots of harms of the sun © The ozone layer is getting thin in some areas ©) Many people do not want to stop using CFCs:

Why does the teacher mention sunglasses?

@®) To explain the function of the ozone layer To show how harmful UV is © To define ozone depletion

@®) To suggest a solution for ozone depletion

3 What is the teacher’s opinion about ozone depletion?

( She does not agree with the Montreal Protocol

She does not feel the threats of ozone-destroying chemicals © She wants to stress to students that this is an urgent problem

@®) She thinks it is not as important as many people assume it is

Uh I did ® for this project But I couldn’t really

What do you mean, exactly?

Well, my topic is © Itis@ and everyone

~lready knosvs something.about it, they know ằ ằ ằ ằ 2ằ ằ ằ 2ằ ằằand they also know @) So, I don’t want to just @ in front of the class and talk to them only about @ information That’s not going to ®

Um Well, what about ® ? It will be very @ your presentation ©

That’s one of the ideas I had I already found ® in the library such as pIcturesof? and lmgoig to 9 and @ with a projector or a laptop

It'll be good Pictures say a lot more than just @

But I think @ @® the interest of everyone?

Umm are you going to @ ? If so, you can put ® in your presentation

Wow, that’s a great idea! I think that would really @

26 PARTIV_ Pragmatic Understanding www.nhantrisiet.com

Ozone is 1 of the 2) and it has a very yo Tt’ Like the @ It blocks most of

Fe See, the earth is always ‘6 ultraviolet radiation from the sun If all of that UV radiation hit ©) they would get ‘s) UV also causes (9) , and it’s tu But fortunately, the ozone layer (i) quite a lot of it But the problem is that ® all over

In the 1980s, scientists found ® or @ over the

North and South Poles © , the amount of UV reaching us has ué) This small increase doesn’t mean we @ the outdoors, but we should always ®

Countries around the world have seen the © and

@® a treaty called the Montreal Protocol This protocol will

CFCs They’re used in @ ,@ and @

Tkose chemicals @) and they ®@ the ozone molecules Now, a lot of people want to @ CFCs in their products That is @ that we can stop the w=)

Write the meaning of each word in Vietnamese extinct adj not existing any more

Dinosaurs became extinct 65 million years ago skyscraper n avery tall modern building, usually in a city

There are many tall skyscrapers in New York habitat n the natural home of an animal or plant Smucesidence Mountains are the habitat of the golden eagle donate v to give money or goods to help people or organizations syn endow Mr Brown donated $1,000 to the orphanage rainfall n the amount of rain that falls on an area

This area generally has low rainfall expand v to become larger in size or importance erage Metal expands when it gets hot block v to prevent something moving through syn obstruct Heavy snow is blocking all roads damage n injury or harm that reduces value or usefulness syn hurt The flood caused much damage to the crops float v to move gently in the air syn drift Balloons floated through the air fill up to make all the space full

A man filled up bottles with water come up with to suggest or think of an idea or plan

Mary comes up with amazing plans for holidays

Find the word closest in meaning habitat fill up skyscraper rainfall extinct

1 to make all the space full 2 a very tall modern building, usually in a city 3 not existing any more

4 the amount of rain that falls on an area 5 _ the natural home of an animal or plant

1 We some ideas for Christmas gifts a come up with b catch up with c come with

2 Ice melting will of the sea and make the sea levels rise a expose b expand c expect

3 Inthe spring, pollens in the air a flood b float c flow

How much waste would we make if we didn’t recycle paper?

If we use both sides, we will save a lot of paper

1 2 3 We would be happy if you could join us

4 If the earth gets hotter, some important changes might occur

5 If all of that UV radiation hit living things, they would get a lot of damage

1 China ¡s developing very quickly now People are cutting down forests

And a lot of land is being used for apartments or skyscrapers for new buildings So, the habitat of the giant panda is disappearing The bamboo trees that the panda eats are also being depleted

2 In the 1980s, scientists found ozone holes or large thin areas over the North and South Poles With the ozone depletion, the amount of UV reaching us has slightly increased This small increase doesn’t mean we can’t enjoy the outdoors, but we should always be careful

Countries around the world have seen the threats of ozone depletion and have agreed to a treaty called the Montreal Protocol This protocol will help people stop making and using ozone-destroying chemicals called CFCs

130 PARTIV_ Pragmatic Understanding www.nhantriviet.com

CHAPTER | 08

To say the student should find another way instead of

To express that she thinks the student has never used a librarv before

2 What is the conversation mainly about?

Studying Renaissance literature (B) Borrowing and returning books

B_ Oh, actually l'm not sure whatl _———.Justany ——— on the topic

L Well hmm | think you’d better

L For and results, you should enter the key words like al Cork or maybe work froma _—

136 PARTIV_ Pragmatic Understanding www.nhantriviet.com

Listen to a conversation in a literature class cp4-22

1 Listen again to part of the conversation Then answer | Note-taking the question Main Topic

Why does the student say this: 4

(A) To mention he feels good (B) To say that he likes poems (C) To express his interest in the contest (D) To say that he will participate in the contest Details

2 How will the winners of the contest be chosen?

(A) The English department will decide based on creativity

(B) The audience will pick their favorite poems after hearing them read

(C) The participants will vote on the best poem

(D) Students at the school will select the best poem

T The English department is having a We are looking for students who want to Of course, there’ll be The first place winner gets a , and there are also going to be some other prizes for the second and third place

B_ Really? Sounds! www.ntantriviet.com 08_ Function 137

1 What are the speakers mainly talking about?

@® Writing a book report © Getting an extension

2 According to the conversation, which of the following is NOT true? ® The student has been doing her report

@® The teacher gives a special exception to the student © The teacher thinks it is important to observe the due date

@ The student will get a good grade if she hands the report in by Friday

3 Listen again to part of the conversation Then answer the question 1 Why does the teacher say this: 4 ® To imply that he does not want to talk about the report anymore To encourage the student to do her report by a certain time ©) To inform that the student has to do her report by today

@) To emphasize that the student should follow his class rules

138 PARTIV_ Pragmatic Understanding www.nhantriviet.con

Listen to a lecture in a literature class cD4-25 mà:

What is the difference between earlier writers and Hemingway?

@® Hemingway preferred long and flowery sentences

Hemingway used simple expressions © Hemingway wrote with indirect sentences

How does the teacher introduce Hemingway's style of writing? ® By listing the names of his famous works By explaining his unusual life with some examples © By reading his famous work The Old Man and the Sea

@®) By contrasting his writing style with other writers’

Listen again to part of the lecture Then answer the question 4 What does the teacher mean when he says this: 1

(® Hemingway was the greatest writer at the time

Hemingway did not drink as much as other writers

(©) Hemingway was not a remarkable man

() Hemingway probably lived like many other writers trrute2

T It’s OK, Jessica @_ —— Ihopeifs not®

I’ve been very busy, and I © them yet

G Uh no It’s not that I just want to talk about the ©

T Oh, Isee Are you © it?

Q Umm 1 @ _ it yet So ’'m you could give

Don’t you remember @ _ sat the beginning of the class?

But, sir, my family ® last weekend So all of my books were @ - , and

G I know and I’ve really tried to finish it | was writing about Macbeth I’ve read the book, and I’ve written @® — — ofthe plot Oh, and I did the@ ——_— ,too

T Hmm ltsoundslikeyouveben®@ Then when can you

@ _ 7 G_ Ummm I think I can finish ¡t by this Friday ® T Itsalright This is a @ , but don’t expect to @

|40 PARTIV_ Pragmatic Understanding www nhantriviet.com

I know you are @ , but it is also important to complete the task @

G Oh! Thank you so much

Listen and fill in the blanks cp4-27 Today, I want to introduce Ernest Hemingway He is @

American writers He was@_ — his lifestyle @ his writing style He usually wrote © about outdoorsmen and soldiers that © his own experience He liked traveling, skiing, fishing and © Alsohe@_———— theRedCross during

World War I and in Spain Hemingway was

@® and had quite a few girlfriends In addition, he had a@ Thisdoesn’t@_ Cs though

Now, let’s turn to ® It was ® the style of writersthat@ CSCS Mls of those writers wrote very ® They also used a lot of ® Hemingway’s stvle was nothing like that He wrote verv 4) with short sentences and ® However, his stories were © He even got prizes for his work, like the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize These are the

@® ! His work also hadabig@_ —— alot of later writers

Now, we’re @ some of his most famous works We’ll

@ The Old Man and the Sea That’s @ the Pulitzer Prize for www .nhantiviet.com 08_ Function 14

Write the meaning of each word in Vietnamese detective hide invade syn attack dehẻrảtẻ syn produce participate syn join audience syn spectators exception reflect syn indicate unique syn special influence syn impact track down

142 PARTIV_ Pragmatic Understanding someone whose job is to solve crime The detectives discovered bloodstains in the room to go or stay somewhere to avoid being discovered They hid for months in the basement to enter a country by force with an army The general invaded the town with a large army fo bring into existefice ” If you burn wood, it generates carbon dioxide to take part in something I participated in the music festival as a volunteer

agroup of people watching or listening a performance After the last song, the audience applauded

a particular thing or situation not included in a general rule They will be treated equally without exception to show the nature of or express something The values of a society are reflected in its traditions

very unusual and special She is well known for her unique style of painting the power to have an effect on people or things The weather has a strong influence on our life to find someone after a long search The police officer tracked down the criminal www.nhantriviet.com

Find the word closest in meaning detective generate track down

1 tofindsomeone after a long search 2 someone whose job is to solve crime 3 to bring into existence

4 to enter a country by force with an army 5 to go or stay somewhere to avoid being discovered

Find the synonymous word invade

1 Everyone should be treated equally without a exception b expectation c expose

2 ‘His work also had a big on a lot of later writers a information b inference c influence

3 She is well known for her style of painting a unique b usual c universe www nfrantriviet.com 08_ Function 143

It was written by Homer, a man who lived in Greece

It’s a story about a young man who decides to kill an old woman

We are looking for students who want to participate œ{ + WOW NY —

It was different from the style of writers that came before him

1 I want to tell you something The English department is having a poetry reading contest We are looking for students who want to participate Of course, there’ll be prizes The first place winner gets a new laptop computer, and there are also going to be some other prizes for the second and third place winners

2 ‘He was famous for his lifestyle as well as his writing style He usually wrote novels and short stories about outdoorsmen and soldiers that often reflected his own experience He liked traveling, skiing, fishing and hunting Also he worked for the Red Cross during World War I and used to be a war journalist in Spain Hemingway was married four times and had quite a few girlfriends In addition, he had a drinking problem This doesn’t come as a surprise, though

144 PARTIV_ Pragmatic Understanding www.nhantriviet

The audience is going to choose the person who writes in the most creative way com

| 1 What are the speakers mainly talking about? ® An assignment in a home economics class

| A cooking class at an institute

| ®) The menu for someone's party

What is true about the cooking class?

The class is held every other week for three months

() 24 students have signed up for the class

How does the teacher explain the program?

@ She compares the curriculum of the program to that of a home economics Class

She describes how to make some of the dishes in the program © She lists in order the different dishes the student will be making

() She gives examples of some dishes the student might have eaten

Listen again to part of the conversation Then answer the question 4 What does the student mean when he says this: 4 ®) He is relieved that some boys are taking the class

@) He is glad that only a few boys are taking the class

What will the student probably do next?

(A) He will go home and practice making sandwiches

@®) He will ask his mother for permission to take the class

Listen to a discussion in a literature class cp4-32

6 What are the speakers mainly talking about? ©® The life of Shakespeare A special expression used in a play © A tool used by many writers

@ Shakespeare’s unique style of writing

148 PARTIV_ Pragmatic Understanding www.nhantriviet.cor

7 According to the teacher, what is a metaphor?

@ A device used to describe things accurately là

@ A way to contrast two things to show new meanings

8 How does the teacher explain a metaphor? Choose TWO answers ® By showing how it is used in the literature

@® By explaining the origin of the term

‘9 What is the teacher’s attitude about Shakespeare’s metaphor? ® Shakespeare used it too often ® Only Shakespeare was able to use it © Shakespeare used it effectively

(D> It was unique but not areat

10 Listen again to part of the discussion Then answer the question 4 Why does the teacher say this: 4 ®) To tell the girl that he absolutely agrees with her To indicate that her answer is not correct © To show the girl was not addressing the question

@®) To encourage students to think more antriviet.con Progress Test 4 149

1 What is the main reason the student meets the teacher? ® To enroll in a French class next semester To ask for advice in studying French © To join the French club at the community center

What does the teacher NOT suggest for studying French?

@) Do not give up easily

@®) Learn new words and basic grammar

Why does the teacher mention the French club?

(@ To encourage the student to taste many French dishes To compare the French club with the French class © To explain how creative French people are

@) To suggest an effective way to learn French

What can be inferred from the conversation? ° ®) The student is enthusiastic about learning French

@®) The teacher is the head of the French department

What will the student probably do next?

@ She will join the French club

@®) She will learn other languages besides French

Listen to a lecture in a music class cp4-34

6 What is the main topic of the lecture? ® The life of Beethoven The childhood of Beethoven © The way Beethoven composed (@) The most famous work of Beethoven

7 According to the lecture, what is true about Beethoven’s childhood?

(@ He was born in Australia

@® His first music teacher was Joseph Haydn

8 Why does the teacher mention the Ninth Symphony? ®) To illustrate how Beethoven's life affected his music To explain how Beethoven composed it © To say how many works Beethoven completed

@® To talk about Beethoven's sufferings from being an musician

9 What is the difference between Beethoven and earlier composers?

@® He was the first one who worked for the church

@ He used a piano to compose music

@®) Beethoven’s father did not want Beethoven to be a musician

11 What is the teacher mainly talking about?

(A) The evolution of Bactrian camels The influence of weather on camels ©) Differences between two types of camels ©) The way camels survive in different environment

13 How does the teacher explain why Bactrian camels have thicker coats in the winter? ® By mentioning the weather condition in Asia

@ By emphasizing the superiority of Bactrian camels

14 Indicate which type of camel each of the following describes

Tick in the correct box

Their fur is even throughout the year

They have only one hump

They can climb up steep mountains

@) Bactrian camels can run faster than dromedaries

Dromedaries are shorter and fatter than Bactrian camels © Bactrian camels are easier to train than dromedaries ©) Dromedaries are better able to handle the heat than Bactrian camels

WWW nhantriviet.com Actual Test 15

@® How the earth’s axis tilts

20 What is compared between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?

(@ When they are tilted towards the sun How much rain falls during the summer season ©, What the temperature is during the winter season

@) How long days are in each hemisphere

According to the lecture, which of the following is true? ® The earth’s axis is a line that divides into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere ® The tilt of the earth’s axis influences the amount of sunlight that the entire earth gets © The Southern Hemisphere is close to the sun in June

@ When the angle of the sun is lower, the days are longer

How does the teacher explain the seasonal change? ®) By contrasting seasons on earth with those of other planets

@®) By mentioning that seasons are related to the axis of the sun © By pointing out the differences in the temperature of the four seasons

@) By defining the relationship between the earth’s axis and seasons

Listen again to part of the lecture Then answer the question 4 i Why does the teacher say this: 4 ŒA) To ask students for information about Australians To check to see what students know about the earth’s axis ©) To explain why Australians do not celebrate Christmas

@®) To emphasize that the two hemispheres have opposite seasons wWW 3f*{r‹vIe:f Actual Test 154

Last time, we looked at why mosses grow in moist areas Today, | want to take a look at a totally different plant - the cactus Cactuses live in sandy deserts and other semi-desert areas How are they able to live on such dry lands? Well, cactuses have thicker stems than other plants So they can store more water Sometimes, a little rain falls in the desert That’s when cactuses suck up as much water as possible

There's another thing that helps cactuses keep water: their sharp spines The spines mainly protect cactuses from wild animals They make it harder for the animals to eat cactuses In addition, the spines slow down blowing wind This makes less water evaporate from cactuses

Choose the correct word for each meaning moss evaporate store moist suck up

Start Up p.18~19 add why Talk about Emily's report check for spelling mistakes think of a better title

G Excuse me, Mr Smith Alison said you wanted to see me

T Yes, Emily | want to talk about your report You did a good job, but there are a few things I'd like to point out

T Your report was about how beavers build dams and their homes in rivers That was very good

But | think you should also add why Why does a beaver build a dam, make a pond and then build a home inside that pond? Do you know what | mean?

+> OK bsee- T You should also check for spelling mistakes

For example, here, you left out a “b” in

“webbed.” And you need to try to think of a better title than The Beaver

Answer | A

Some kinds of body fluids

-carries oxygen, -keeps your “protects your nutrients mouth wet body from -carries waste -helps you bactena away digest food

Body fluid is a general term in medicine for all normal liquid in your body such as blood, saliva, mucus, tears, sweat and so forth These kinds of different fluids in your body all work together to help you stay healthy Let's take a look at some of them

First, there is blood Your heart sends it all around your body Blood carries oxygen and other nutrients to your cells and organs It also carries waste away from your body

Second, there is saliva It is made in your mouth to keep your mouth wet It also helps you digest food

When you chew, saliva covers the food you eat and the food becomes wet and soft This makes it easier for the food to move through your digestive system

Third, there is mucus Mucus is a thick body fluid It covers some parts of your body like the inside of your ears and nose It protects your body from bacteria

T All foods have calories, a kind of energy Our bodies use up these calories to move If you eat more calories than your body uses, you gain body fat

G Mr Burke, | have some questions about losing weight One of my friends is going on a diet She just eats cucumbers every day Is it OK?

T Oh, no Eating just one thing is a terrible way to diet and it can be dangerous Please tell her to stop eating just one food

G OK, | see But, you know, there are many people dieting in this way

T | know lots of young girls want to be thin like dolls, but you are all still growing and developing

During this time, you need a variety of healthy foods to grow your body properly So, most young people usually don’t need to diet

Then who needs to diet?

T Of course, some overweight people should go on a diet because being overweight can cause health problems But what I'm saying is how to lose weight You shouldn’t skip meals Also, you shouldn't eat just one food or take special pills for dieting What you should do is to eat a variety of healthy foods and to eat less fat and sugar And the best way to lose weight is to do more exercises such as running and walking

Answer | 1.B 2.D p.21 We've been studying mammals this month Today we're going to talk about bats Well, first of all, bats may look like mice, but they are not in the same family as mice They are not birds, either They are mammals Bats are the only mammals that can fly

In general, not many people like bats People think bats are dirty animals that live in dark caves It is true they do live in dark caves, old houses or mines, but they are not dirty You know how cats lick themselves to be clean Well, bats do that, too

Also, some people are afraid of bats It is said that bats usually attack people and drink their blood But this is not true Contrary to people’s thought, only a few bats drink animal blood and most bats eat insects Actually, they are useful to people They get rid of lots of pests A bat can eat 600 mosquitoes in an hour That’s a lot of mosquitoes!

One other thing that isn’t true about bats is they are blind Bats can see very well, especially at night

They also can see well in daylight So the popular saying “blind as a bat” is wrong

T Everybody ready to start? OK, please follow my instructions You should be careful First, wash the frog with water Well, that’s already been done

T Second, place the frog in the pan on its back

Pin its legs to the pan

T Third, lift the skin between the frog’s back legs with the forceps Cut slowly with the scissors up to the chin Fourth, make sideway cuts Are you đohe?

T Fifth, pick up the loose skin Use the scalpel to separate the skin from the muscles Pull the skin open Pin it to the pan

T Next, lift the muscle between the frog’s back legs with the forceps Cut with the scissors to just below the front legs Hey! Not so deeply!

You’re going to cut the organs, too!

G Oh!!see Do you think | cut an organ?

T It looks OK But, be careful Now cut sideways like you did with the skin

T Yeah, good Last, pull back the loose muscles with the forceps Use the scalpel to separate the muscles from the organs

G_ Ew! !can see all the organs

T Now, let’s take a look at the frog’s organs

Answer !1.A 2.D 3.A p.23 You've probably heard that such-and-such food is good for you because it has a lot of vitamins But what exactly are vitamins? Vitamins are substances found in the food that you eat Your body needs them to work properly So you have to get vitamins from various kinds of food

Basically, there are six kinds of vitamins - vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K and the B vitamins Now, we’ll be learning more about some of them Let’s start with vitamin A Vitamin A helps you grow and keeps your skin healthy It also helps you see better at night Imagine you're out playing ball with your friends It is getting dark If you eat food rich with vitamin A, you would see the ball better Egg yolks, milk, spinach and carrots have a fot: of vitamin A

Now, let’s move on to vitamin C Vitamin C helps keep your bones, teeth, muscles and gums healthy

It keeps your body from getting sick If you do get sick, it helps your body heal Fruits like oranges, lemons and strawberries have lots of vitamin C

That’s why doctors tell you to drink lots of orange juice when you have a cold

Well, there is some difference between vitamin A and vitamin C Vitamin A stays stored in your body until your body needs to use it This kind of vitamin is called a fat-soluble vitamin Vitamin C doesn’t stay in your body It passes through your blood system

This kind of vitamin is called a water-soluble vitamin

It helps keep your gums | healthy |

It is found in spinach

It is needed to see well in the dark

@ to start @ follow my instructions

@ up to the chin @ Are you done

@ pick up @® from the muscles

@ with the forceps @ front legs ® cut the organs @® be careful

@ pull back the loose muscles

@ six kinds of vitamins helps you grow

@ Egg yolks @ spinach and carrots 3 vitamin C 2 keep your bones

Find the word closest in meaning

Choose the correct word lia 2.b 3.c

Divide into meaningful groups of words Then listen and repeat

1 Eating just one thing / is a terrible way / to diet

2 What you should do / is to eat a variety of healthy foods

3 Different fluids in your body / work together / to help you stay healthy

4 One other thing / that isn’t true about bats / is they are blind

5 Fruits like oranges and strawberries / have a lot of vitamin C

What did people write on before paper was invented? Well, early people drew pictures on cave walls to record their thoughts Ancient Sumerians made clay tablets and scratched messages on them In contrast, the ancient Chinese wrote on pieces of bamboo or very expensive silk And ancient Egyptians made thin sheets out of a plant called papyrus bhat's actually where the word

Well, when was paper invented? People generally know that a Chinese man named Cai Lun invented it around 105 A.D However, paper was actually made before Cai Lun in China But the paper was not good enough and it was complicated to make Cai Lun improved the way of making paper He mixed tree bark and bamboo with water and poured this mixture onto a flat piece of cloth His paper was much better than the ones before and it was easier to make Nearby countries like Korea learned this method So did the Arabs, who passed it on to Europe

Choose the correct word for each meaning scratch method record improve invent

Andrew - good at history don't like to make

- interested in history _the presentation

| Solution the girls - will help him practice

G1 Okay Now that we’ve decided to do our homework jon Rome, we need to choose a group leader ‘it think it should be you - Andrew Ộ B Me? Why?

G2 Because you're so good at history You are getting the highest grade in our class And you seem really interested in the subject I’ve heard you like to talk about documentaries you’ve seen on the History Channel

B Well, | like history But the leader has to make the presentation, and | don’t like to do that | get nervous speaking in front of others

G — We'll help you practice for that part Besides, someone who really enjoys the subject is bound to make a better presentation What do you say?

B Oh alright I'll give it a try

1961 - built thewat = YEAS -to stop people from leaving aie

1989 the fall of -by new leaders the Wall -to let people cross the Wall

Well, of course, one of the most important events of the 20th century was the fall of the Berlin Wall

Berlin was divided into communist East Berlin and democratic West Berlin Many people tried to leave East Berlin for the West because of poverty The East German government wanted to stop them from leaving So they built a wall in 1961 Many people died trying to cross the Wall

By the end of the 80’s, the world was changing

Communism had begun to collapse Neighboring countries such as Hungary and Poland were no longer communist countries East Germany was changing, too In 1989, new leaders of the West and the East decided to let people cross the Wall As soon as this was announced, people rushed to the Wall and started to tear it down They danced and celebrated the fall of the Wall Some of them took a piece of the wall as a souvenir

B Ms Johnson, | was absent from the last class because of a bad stomachache | heard you gave us an assignment

T Yes, right, Jason Over the weekend, | want you to visit the museum

B_ Okay What exactly do | have to do?

T Take a look around and choose three artifacts that you find the most interesting

172 surface of the earth that keep moving slowly Most

Earthquakes are common In fact, several million earthquakes happen every day in different parts of the world But, thankfully, most are very weak, so many people don’t even feel them

B_ Hey, | was just wondering if you'd like to join our study group

B Yeah, for our science class You’re in Mr

G Yes, | am His class is very hard!

B_ Tell me about it That’s why a few of us decided to form a study group

G_ | might be interested Where do you guys meet?

B Well, we usually meet in room 101 of the main building beside the library It’s always empty after 4 pm except Tuesday

G_ |see And how often do you meet?

B We meet twice a week, Mondays and Wednesdays at 5 pm

B Just bring your notes and review the last class

The get-togethers aren't really formal or anything We just try and help each other out with things we don’t get For instance, | couldn’t understand why volcanoes erupt Then someone in our group explained it As a result,

| got a better grade on the last test

G_ Sounds good Count me in!

Answer |1.A 2.B p.55 OK, let’s talk about fossils today Fossils are the remains or traces of living things that lived and died a long time ago They can be real material from the plants and animals such as a bone, or a sign of the plants and animals’ activity such as a footprint

FossilS $hdéw u8 a ldt Spout WHat’sdrt’of life &xfstéd” and how it changed Think about it Without dinosaurs’ fossils, we wouldn't have known dinosaurs: existed

Fossils are rare and difficult to form because most be fossils, there first should be dead plants or animals that need to be covered by sediment as soon as possible before they decay As more and more time passes, sediment piles up on the plants or animals These layers of sediment can keep them from damage After millions of years, the plants or animals are found between lots of sediment

Usually, the hard parts of the plants or animals become the fossils That's because they tend to last longer than soft tissue So when people find fossils, they find impressions of teeth, bones or shells

G Excuse me, Mr Brown? Do you have a minute?

T Sure, come on in www.nhantriviet.com

G_ | want to tell you about my recent science exam

G You see, I’ve just picked up my grade But | couldn't accept it because it was much lower than | had expected

T | see Let me check your test sheet Give me a moment Ummm Okay, | see a problem You didn't answer on the back side of the paper

G Oh, my! Are there more questions on the back?

Yeah, why didn’t you check?

G Oh, it’s my mistake Actually, it was hard to focus on my exam because | had stayed up all night studying the day before test

| said you’d better study every day — not at once

G ls there any way for me to make up for it?

Ummm take a make up test or something?

T I'm afraid that wouldn’t be fair to the other students if | gave you another chance But | think

| know what you’re going through It’s not the end of the world

G Yes, but | really want to get a good grade

T If you care so much about your grades, | suggest that maybe you try harder to keep up with the 4 ơ rest of the class Instead of cramming for an exam at the last minute, it’s best to study a little bit every day One more thing you should do is concentrate more carefully on the upcoming tests

G_| guess you're right Thank you for your advice

Answe: |1.B 2D 3A p.57 Rocks are divided into three types: igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic To find out the type of rock, we have to look at what the rock is made of, what its texture is as well as how it is formed First, let’s stat with how it is formed

Igneous rocks are made from molten magma When this magma cools down, igneous rocks are formed

Igneous rocks have two types: intrusive or extrusive

Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when the magma cools down inside the earth’s surface They take several thousand years to form On the other hand, extrusive igneous rocks are shaped by molten magma that cools on the surface of the earth They form in only a few days or weeks

Let’s move on to sedimentary rocks They are formed from layers of other rocks, dead plants, animals or sand They are made from sediment deposited by a particular force or process

Sedimentary rocks cover 75% of the earth’s surface

You can find them easily near lakes or near the ocean

The third type of rocks are metamorphic rocks They formed when other rocks are changed through heat and pressure They usually require heat greater than 150°C and lots of high pressure One of the most popular metamorphic rocks is marble | think you’ve seen marble floors before in fancy hotels

It needs heat and pressure v

It is made from molten magma

It is easily found near lakes v

@ the day before test @ not at once

@ to make up for it @ the other students

@® another chance @® the end of the world

@® keep up with @ cramming for an exam

@ it’s best to study @ concentrate more

@ your advice p.59 divided into 2) the,type, of rock

@ On the other hand ® cools on the surface

@ a few days @ layers ® dead plants ® deposited by

@ force or process @® near lakes

@ The third type of rocks

@ One of the most popular

Find the word closest in meaning

Divide into meaningful groups of words Then listen and repeat

1 The water transforms to a gas / and rises up / into the atmosphere

2 Fossils are rare and difficult / to form / because most living things decay easily / after death

3 | couldn’t accept it / because it was much lower / than | had expected

4 It was hard to focus on my exam / because | had stayed up all night

5 Metamorphic rocks require heat / greater than 150°C / and high pressure www.nhantrivet.com

The first living thing to enter outer space was not a human, but a Russian dog named Laika When scientists first found Laika, she was a stray dog wandering the streets of Moscow After that, Laika was trained to fly in outer space Scientists taught her to stay motionless in a very small space for many days She had to get used to being inside a space shuttle She was also trained to eat a special type of food in the spaceship When the training was completed, the Soviet space shuttle Sputnik 2 was launched into space with Laika on November 3rd, 1957

After launching, the temperature inside rose to 40 degrees Celsius as the spaceship gained speed

Laika’s heart began beating very fast and she eventually died, probably due to overheating, fear and stress

Although she did not survive the trip, Laika helped scientists learn a lot about what happens to living things in space She made it easier for humans to fly to outer space and finally to the moon

Answer | A Choose the correct word for each meaning wander stress stray launch motionless

Science Fair make projects related to space

- make a model rocket - want to join in

‘studied jet propulsion - girl's suggestion: make ina science class amini solar system

G Did you know that we’re having a space day event next month?

B Is it the science fair where students make projects related to space? Are you going to enter it?

G Yes Mr Steve, our science teacher is making everyone in our class participate

B Really? Do you have an idea for what you're going to do?

G I'm interested in rockets, so | might make a model rocket

B A rocket that sounds complicated Are you sure you can make it work?

G Of course | studied jet propulsion in a science class I'll use a balloon to power my rocket It’ll be cool! What about you?

B | haven't really thought about it, but | want to join in

G Are you serious? Then, how about making a miniature solar system?

Black holes things get sucked in & | nothing gets out fo

Ex a vacuum cleaner * the force of gravity

Black holes are one of the most interesting things in space What are they exactly? When a star runs out of energy, it cannot support its heavy weight

176 anymore The star eventually collapses into a single tiny point This tiny point then becomes like a powerful vacuum cleaner It can suck in anything

Well, think about when you vacuum You can see the dirt and dust start to go inside the vacuum A black hole is something in outer space where things get sucked in and nothing gets out

Then, why is everything pulled into a black hole?

That’s because of the force of gravity Like the way that earth’s gravity keeps us on the ground, that’s strong that not even light can escape

T Have you ever thought about what you want to be when you grow up?

G Sure The perfect job would be an astronaut | think it’ll be exciting to learn new things about space and other planets

G But! don’t know exactly what | should do

Can you tell me a little bit about it?

T Okay Have you ever heard about NASA? NASA is an agency of the U.S government It is responsible for the study of space Every two years, NASA picks people to join its astronaut team

G How many people get picked?

T Only twenty people get chosen That’s twenty people out of thousands and thousands that apply to join

G Wow! | guess it must be really hard to become an astronaut

T | don’t want to discourage you, but if you really want to become an astronaut, it takes lots of hard work and effort

G_ |see It means | have to study very hard

T Right Most astronauts have excellent grades, especially in math and science Needless to say, you should have strong body and spirit

G | guess I'd better hit the books and work out more to be an astronaut, huh?

‘Today? let’s talk abort ore ef the greatest astronauts, * Neil Alden Armstrong He is one of the greatest men in space exploration On July 16th, 1969, Apollo 11 was launched, with more than one million people looking on from beaches, fields and roads Four days later, on July 20th, Apollo 11 landed on the moon and astronaut Neil Armstrong walked on the moon’s surface After setting foot on the moon, Armstrong said, “That’s one small step for man,, one giant leap for mankind.” This was an amazing moment in history because people thought it would be impossible to land on the moon

Neil Armstrong was born on August 5th, 1930 im

toefl ibt activator listening intermediate nxb tổng hợp 2008 nhiều tác giả 205 trang