tóm tắt luận án tiếng anh phát triển du lịch cộng đồng theo hướng kinh tế tuần hoàn trên địa bàn tỉnh hà giang

General objective To develop community-based tourism in Hà Giang province towards a circular economy to increase the sustainability of the province''''s tourism activities, thereby creatin

DEVELOPING COMMUNITY TOURISM UNDER THE CIRCULATORY ECONOMY

Current status of resources of households doing community tourism

4.1.4.1 Human resources of households doing community tourism in Ha Giang

Table 4.3: Demographics and average labor of households working in community tourism in Ha Giang province in 2023

TT Target Unit of calculation Quantity

1 Average age of household head Year 40.23 (10.63)

2 Education level of household head %

Can read and write but does not go to school 1.50

4 Average labor of the household People 2.96 (1.09)

5 Laborers directly participate in tourism People 2.42 (0.85)

Source: Survey data of tourism households in Ha Giang in 2023 Note: Figures in parentheses are standard deviations

Table 4.3 shows that the average age of the household head is 40.23 years old The education level of household heads shows that a large proportion have high school degrees, accounting for 48.50%, and there are still a few household heads who can only read and write but do not go to school ( 1.50% ) In terms of average population, each household has about 5.13 people, including 2.96 workers /household This shows that the province's labor potential is quite large in accordance with the general situation of the country when we are still in the golden age On average, there are about 2.42 workers directly involved with varying degrees of contribution to tourism per household, which could be an indicator of the tourism industry or special interest of the community Dong for tourism activities

4.1.4.2 Land resources of households doing community tourism

Table 4.4: Average land of households working in community tourism in Ha Giang province in 2023

TT Soil type Area (ha)

3 Land for growing perennial crops 0.21

The table above provides information about land resources of households doing community tourism in Ha Giang province through a survey For households, the majority of land is still agricultural and forestry , in which the average area of agricultural land is 0.64 hectares , and the average area of forestry land is 1.14 hectares Thus, the production activities of tourism households also mainly revolve around agriculture and forestry A few have additional pond and lake land areas for aquaculture, these are activities that bring the main and stable source of income for the tourism industry The household also provides products for its tourism activities

4.1.4.3 Financial resources of households doing community tourism

Table 4.5: Financial resources of households doing community tourism in Ha Giang province in 2023

3 Assets that have monetary value 9.72

4 Ability to borrow from relatives and friends 5.21

Table 4.5 provides information about the average value of different financial resources, specifically:

Cash is a source of money that can be used immediately when needed The average amount per household doing community tourism is 5.34 million VND

Households in general and households doing community tourism in particular also tend to save money for long-term purposes, for major family activities, the average savings/household is 23.45 million VND

In addition, the topic also evaluates valuable assets that can be converted into cash when really needed, including: cars, motorbikes, bicycles, machinery, and household appliances that can be converted into cash when needed Survey data shows that on average, households have nearly 10 million in valuable assets that can be converted when needed

4.1.5 Assessment of conditions and potential for community tourism development in Ha Giang

Table 4.6: Potential conditions for community tourism development in Ha Giang province according to respondents' assessments

General assessment of potential conditions of natural environmental resources

General assessment of potential conditions for humanistic resources

General assessment of residential community conditions

Conditions include domestic and international customer markets

3.99 (0.51) Agree Tourists' ability to access villages for local community

Meanin g tourism development Support and assistance from local authorities, businesses, and non- government al organization s

Source: Survey data in Ha Giang in 2023 Note: Figures in parentheses are standard deviations

Based on table 4.6, assessment of the potential conditions of natural environmental resources of Ha Giang province through surveyed subjects (managers, tourism households, businesses, and tourists) shows that : All surveyed subjects were relatively unanimous in saying that it has great potential This is also consistent with the fact that Ha Giang province has rich natural resources compared to other localities in the region Nature is expressed through beautiful ecological landscapes that attract tourists Nature is not only the environment and landscape, but also has the ability to produce many unique local products to provide for tourism and visitors that cannot be found in other areas This is the strength of the company tourist destination What's special is that tourists are also very interested in spots where natural resources are still protected, wildness is preserved , fresh climate, quiet and peaceful space are all highly appreciated, especially especially from tourists

In summary, Ha Giang province has high potential for community tourism development according to respondents This is a strength that the province has mentioned and focused on exploiting in recent times and is also being included in plans in the near future.

Results of community tourism activities of households in Ha Giang province 1 Assess the level of people's participation

Table 4.7: Level of participation in community tourism activities as assessed by respondents

Participate in the planning process of building a community tourism model

The level of participation of people in the community in community tourism activities

According to the assessment results, households participate the most in providing agricultural and forestry products, followed by participating in environmental support activities: Forest protection, water source protection, waste collection and participate in cultural activities

Enterprises highly appreciate the level of participation of people in the community for the two indicators "Activities are well organized" and "There is a leader who assigns work" which are rated at a higher level than the previous score The average score is 4.27 and 4.2 points

Regarding the assessment of people's willingness to participate in community tourism activities in general, the group of managers and tourism households all rated it at a fairly high level with an average score of 4.12 points and 3.94 points In which the criterion "I am always ready to participate in serving the property" is rated highest with an average score of 4.2 points respectively This is an opinion on the response capacity of people in the process of participating in community tourism activities in the area The high rating shows that people are always willing to expand community tourism activities voluntarily, this is an important thing that marks the success of an activity

Table 4.8: Assessment of willingness to participate and results

(0.71) Agree Participation results met expectations 4.07

(benefits, support, knowledge, investment, etc.)

Regarding the results of people's participation, when asked, everyone basically assessed that it met their expectations, with the group of managers (average score 4.07), they always wanted people to actively participate work harder to develop a community tourism model in the locality they manage and in fact find satisfaction with what people have been doing, and the group of tourism households also rate themselves at a high level with an average score average 3.88 points

4.2.2 Evaluate the results of community tourism activities

Table 4.9: Some data on tourists coming to community tourism households in Ha Giang province in 2022

Total number of tourists arriving to households in 2022 274.34 745.80

In the number of international visitors 109.24 235.66 Average number of days guests stay at the household's tourist destination 2.68 2.50

Source: Survey data in Ha Giang in 2023

The results of community tourism activities are clearly shown with the total revenue target of this activity for participating households

According to survey data of households doing community tourism, on average, a household doing tourism earns 33 million/year, however the level of fluctuation is quite large among households, some households only collect a few million but some households collect goods hundred million VND/year because the level of participation of households is different within the same village or between regions

In general, revenue from community tourism activities of participating households in Ha Giang province is still low Of which, revenue from accommodation and food services accounts for the largest proportion

Particularly, the indicator "Household income from selling goods to customers (agricultural and forestry products, handicrafts)" accounts for the lowest percentage

Figure 4.1: Revenue from community tourism activities of households in Ha Giang province in 2022

Evaluation of changes when participating in community tourism activities is reflected in table 4.10

Table 4.10: Evaluation of changes when participating in community tourism activities

Thu từ lưu trú Thu từ ăn uống

Thu từ bán hàng hóa

Thu từ văn hóa, nghệ thuật

Thu từ hoạt động khác

Cultural values, customs and traditional occupations of the people are preserved and promoted

3.93 ( 0.79 ) Agree People are more knowledgeable about business and management knowledge

3.94 ( 0.78 ) Agree People are more knowledgeable about communication skills 3.97

( 0.76 ) Agree People are more aware of landscape and environmental protection

4.2 3 Evaluating the circular economy orientation of households doing community tourism in Ha Giang province

4.2.3.1 Evaluate the process of implementing community tourism from the perspective of circular economy

* Input factors of community tourism

According to the assessment of households doing community tourism, most of the products produced by households will be suitable used as input for other activities, especially tourism activities ( accounting for over 70%) such as ingredients for food processing, raw materials for appliances, houses, construction In particular, the input factors that must be purchased from outside are mainly seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, veterinary drugs, and some tools must be purchased from outside about nearly 50%

Table 4.11 People's assessment of the level of use of products produced by households

1 Cultivation (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, production and processing tools, storage) 60.39 25.32 2 Livestock (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, production and processing tools, storage) 57.51 26.12

3 Aquaculture (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, production and processing equipment, storage) 50.45 26.33

4 Forestry (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, production and processing tools, storage) 54.28 16.72

6 Utensils (tables, chairs, beds, cabinets, water containers, eating utensils, food storage ) 70.92 24.55

7 In eating (vegetables, tubers, rice, meat, fish ) 77.49 22.07

According to the assessment of households doing community tourism, they basically understand and use less toxic chemicals in production and daily life ( average score is 3.74), this is also consistent with local reality where in Cultivation is mostly on upland fields with high slopes, so it is difficult to use chemical fertilizers In livestock farming, there is basically little investment, so there is almost no use of animal feed but free grazing for long periods of time, however Some people still use some chemicals in farming, so the rating on this content is not too high The majority of surveyed households believe that overusing chemicals in production and serving community tourism activities is harmful, so they only use chemicals for crops when needed However, they are still "confused" when evaluating indicators such as " People understand the harmful effects of overusing pesticides ", " People understand the harmful effects of chemicals in pesticides

" These are the key points that lead to the continued use of harmful chemicals in agricultural and forestry production

Table 4.12 People's assessment of the level of use of chemicals in production and serving community tourism activities

I Level of use of chemical pesticides 3.74 0.58 Agree

II Level of use of chemical origin drugs to prevent diseases in livestock production 3.87 0.61 Agree

III Level of use of mosquito and insect repellents 3.96 0.66 Agree

IV Daily use of chemical detergents (hand sanitizer, dishwashing liquid, toothpaste, soap) 3.90 0.71 Agree

V Level of use of plastic and nylon items 3.44 0.94 Agree

Source:- Survey data in Ha Giang in 2023

Regarding the level of use of plastic and nylon items, surveyed households rated it at "Agree" with an average score of 3.44 points Currently, the use of plastic and nylon household utensils is still high, due to their convenience and low price Furthermore, the respondents have not been surveyed to the extent of liking or disliking the use of plastic items plastic and nylon, so when evaluating indicators such as " People like to use plastic and nylon utensils" or the indicator " Tourists may not like to use plastic and nylon utensils because they are not environmentally friendly" at a low level “Confused” Households all "Agree" with the evaluation criteria to use less inputs for tourism activities from natural materials Although people like to use natural pesticides and there are many folk remedies to control plant pests However, those folk remedies are not easy to make, and their effectiveness takes more time Therefore, the number of local people using these folk remedies is still limited

Table 4.13 People's assessment of the level of use of inputs for tourism activities from natural materials

TT Target % Standard deviation Meaning

I Low level of use of natural pesticides 3.85 0.73 Agree

II The low level of use of natural disease prevention drugs for livestock and poultry 3.92 0.72 Agree

III Low level of use of natural mosquito and insect repellents 3.90 0.73 Agree

IV The level of use of natural objects made of wood, bamboo 3.97 0.67 Agree

*Use and reuse resource elements in community tourism activities

Regarding the use and reuse of resource elements in community tourism activities (Reduce) is an important indicator in the circular economy, according to the assessment of community tourism households, most of the indicators are evaluated Spending at the "Moderate" level is due to better economic conditions, so when things are damaged, people often replace them, while a small part of people keep the habit of recycling or repairing broken things, taking advantage of them Use utensils to make new household items

Table 4.14 People's assessment of the level of use and reuse of resource elements in community tourism activities

I Level of use of substitutes 3.70 0.70 Reasonable

II Degree of reuse of materials 3.90 0.74 Reasonable

*Sharing resource elements in organizing community tourism activities

Sharing resource elements is also an evaluation indicator of circular economy, especially in organizing community tourism activities Sharing elements helps to exploit and use effectively to avoid wasting resources, according to The average rating of community tourism households is 3.9, which means that the level of sharing is relatively high for tourism households Currently, in the residential community, households are interconnected Utensils in community tourism activities are exchanged or shared, especially sharing production materials with other households when they have surplus

Table 4.15 People's assessment of the level of resource sharing in organizing community tourism activities

1 Households often share/lend each other items in community tourism activities when necessary 3.75 0.89 Agree

2 Everyone is always happy and willing to help each other when they need household items 3.83 0.85 Agree

3 Everyone is always happy and willing to help each other when they need production supplies 3.88 0.83 Agree

4 People in the village/village who have items they no longer need should notify them and let other households know if necessary

5 People can share production materials with other households when they have surplus 4.13 3.21 Agree

6 People can share food/food with others when they have excess 3.90 0.80 Agree

7 People share experiences in production and community tourism activities with each other 3.89 0.81 Agree

8 People are willing to share lessons and production experience for tourists to learn and experience 3.90 0.78 Agree

9 Visitors always feel comfortable talking, sharing, and exchanging knowledge with community members 3.93 0.80 Agree

Table 4.16 People's assessment on the level of increasing product performance/effectiveness and eliminating/limiting waste in the production process and in the supply chain for community tourism

1 People are conscious of limiting waste 3.81 0.82 Agree

2 Foreign tourists are conscious of limiting waste 3.87 0.78 Agree 3 Domestic tourists are conscious of limiting waste 3.89 0.77 Agree

4 People can recycle and reuse discarded items that can still be used 3.88 0.75 Agree

5 Many items used in community tourism are reused many times by people 3.74 0.99 Agree

6 Many items used in community tourism are improved by people from old discarded items 3.71 0.95 Agree

7 Visitors do not complain about having to use reusable utensils 3.75 0.82 Agree

8 Tourists do not complain about having to use low- waste utensils 3.91 0.76 Agree

9 Tourists like to use products made from local, environmentally friendly materials 3.93 0.77 Agree

10 Local people share and expect tourists to use reusable items such as paper bags, rattan baskets, glass cups 3.95 0.77 Agree

11 There are regulations on waste limitation in community tourism 3.95 0.79 Agree

Assess the level of use of inputs for tourism activities from natural materials of households and localities from the tourist's perspective: According to surveyed tourists, they think that households when participating participate in community tourism activities using wooden, bamboo porcelain and glass items

They want to buy items made from natural materials when they come to their local area

Table 4.17 Level of use of inputs for tourism activities from natural materials as assessed by tourists

I Level of use of wooden items, bamboo, other natural materials : 4.27 0.54 Totally agree

II The level of use of environmentally friendly porcelain and glassware 4.27 0.64 Totally agree

Use, reuse and share the use of resource elements in community tourism activities according to visitors' opinions: Tourists completely agree with the criteria " People are willing to share articles" learning, productive labor experience for tourists to study and experience" and the target "Tourists always feel comfortable talking, sharing, and exchanging knowledge with community members" with an average score of 4.24 and standard deviation 0.53 Furthermore, tourists are also happy to use repaired and adjusted items

4.2.3.2 Results of implementing circular economy in community tourism in Ha Giang

Figure 4.3: Summary of the level of orientation towards circular economy in community tourism of tourism households in Ha Giang province, 2022 (%)

The synthesis shows that the level of households moving towards a circular economy is quite modest, many targets have not reached 20% and many households have targets of 0 and there are also households with more than 10% of targets targets reached a high level Through that synthesis, households are divided into 03 levels towards circular economy: high level with > criteria met, average level from

>=5 to 9 criteria and low level with less than 5 criteria targets are achieved and evaluated and compared with economic results in the following section

4.2.3.3 The relationship between circular economy and community tourism results in Ha Giang province

Table 4.18: Influence on the use of input factors of community tourism according to responses of households doing community tourism (%)

Low circular economy approach group

Medium circular economy approach group

Highly circular economy approach group

1 Household Have Use products produced by households for community tourism activities 0.00 54.39 98.59 51.20

2 Household Have Use products produced by local people for community tourism activities 0.00 47.37 70.42 38.02

3 Households limit the use of products purchased from outside for community tourism activities 15.15 52,63 49,30 35.93

4 Households limit the use of plant protection chemicals and pesticides in farming activities 5.30 22.81 82.39 41.02

5 Households limit the use of veterinary drugs and feed to increase livestock weight 5.30 24.56 78.17 39.52

6 Households limit the use of chemicals in daily activities such as soap and detergents 5.30 24.56 79.58 40.12 7

Households should limit the use of daily household items made of plastic or other non- natural materials

8 Households reduce the use of items that are not really necessary for community tourism 0.00 0.00 50.00 21.26

9 Households use wooden and bamboo utensils for community tourism activities 0.00 43.86 87.32 44.61

The above statistical table provides information about the opinions of households participating in community tourism activities with low, medium, and high circular economy approach groups These results show that groups with a high circular economy approach tend to limit the use of products from outside, reduce the use of unnecessary items and implement better environmental protection measures compared to other groups This can be seen as an expression of this group being more aware and proactive in protecting the environment and using local products

Table 4.19: Impact on the use and reuse of resource elements in community tourism activities (%)

Low circular economy approach group

Medium circular economy approach group

Highly circular economy approach group

1 Households reuse utensils and materials in community tourism activities 0.00 0.00 61.27 26.05

2 Does the household regularly repair, maintain, and service to increase the lifespan of products and appliances?

3 Households take advantage of waste/by- products in community tourism activities to serve agricultural production activities

4 Households use local ingredients to prepare food, make utensils, and build houses to minimize costs

SWOT analysis for community tourism development towards circular economy in Ha Giang province

There has been a change in development thinking, awakening natural values and cultural identities of ethnic groups, open links, and international orientation:

The diversity of resources is Ha Giang's strong point (uniqueness & endemism):

Being adjacent to the large Chinese market is an advantage for Ha Giang in trade, attracting investment and tourists population structure :

The scale of the economy is still small, structural transformation is slow, growth quality and competitiveness of the economy are still low:

The quality of human resources in the province is low, the level of education and technical expertise of the majority of the workforce is relatively low , affecting the ability to develop community tourism towards a circular economy :

Geographic location and mountainous terrain are a major weakness of Ha Giang for economic development in general and tourism in particular :

Transport infrastructure does not meet development requirements, creating many barriers for the development of Ha Giang:

Ha Giang is a very vulnerable locality due to the effects of climate change, so developing towards a circular economy is the solution

International integration is opening up many new development opportunities for the country in general as well as Ha Giang province in particular in fields including tourism towards a circular economy the development of remote provinces like Ha Giang economy, including tourism, towards a circular economy

The trend of developing organic agricultural products and high-value specialty products that Ha Giang has an advantage in is an opportunity for community tourism development towards a circular economy

Tourism development is identified as a key economic sector, many support policies have been implemented, the development of the industry in recent years is very impressive and is an opportunity to shift development towards a weekly economy complete

Breakthrough in connection with growth centers of the country

Challenges in mobilizing development investment capital and improving capital use efficiency The challenge of improving people's education level and developing human resources to meet the requirements of general development and development towards a circular economy

Challenges in exploiting tourism potential and preserving geological - geomorphological, cultural and biodiversity heritage

The challenge of promoting poverty eradication and enhancing social integration Land use challenges

SOLUTIONS FOR COMMUNITY TOURISM DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING THE CIRCULATORY ECONOMY DIRECTION IN HA GIANG PROVINCE

Perspectives, orientations and goals for community tourism development in Ha Giang province

To create new momentum for Ha Giang province to accelerate development in the 2020 to 2025 term, in the political report submitted to the 17th provincial Party Congress, a number of directions were given in tourism development in general and Community tourism in particular is as follows :

- Effectively exploit the province's advantages in tourism development to become an attractive destination Attracting more and more international and domestic tourists Rapidly increasing the proportion of tourism's contribution to the total product in the province and creating jobs

- Develop regulations and rules for sustainable tourism management Improve the effectiveness and efficiency of state management of tourism, creating an open and favorable environment for tourism businesses and tourists

- Improve the quality of tourism products and services at the same time as developing new tourism products to best meet market needs and changing demand trends, and encourage the development of different types of products Tourism is associated with conservation and development of biodiversity, preserving natural, historical and cultural heritage values

- Develop a plan to deploy tourism activities suitable to the specific conditions of each locality in the province to minimize and maximize the capacity of facilities, reduce the load on resources and improve economic efficiency, improving the quality of the workforce to effectively exploit tourism resources

* General goals Promoting the potential and advantages of natural and human ecological resources to develop all types of tourism, including community tourism; building tourism products bearing the province's brand ; Pay attention to training human resources for the tourism industry, improving the quality of tourism services and infrastructure in a sustainable manner

- Contribute to preserving and promoting traditional cultural values of ethnic minorities, natural resource values, and cultural heritage

- Associate tourism development with national defense and security, contributing to ensuring social order and safety in the province

- Developing sustainable tourism, green economy, promoting community tourism associated with preserving and promoting resource values and sustainable environmental protection.

Tiêu đề	Developing Community-Based Tourism Towards a Circular Economy in Hà Giang Province
Tác giả	Nguyen Hai Duong
Người hướng dẫn	Ass.Prof.Dr. Do Anh Tai, Dr. Nguyen Quang Hop
Trường học	Thai Nguyen University
Chuyên ngành	Economic Management
Thể loại	Doctor Thesis in Economics
Năm xuất bản	2024
Thành phố	Thai Nguyen

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