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Tiêu đề The effects of perception on social media behavior of the public of Sta. Rosa, Laguna towards the conservation of Philippine ecotourism
Tác giả Elisha Regis Carneo Ramos
Người hướng dẫn Pham Thanh Hieu
Trường học Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry
Chuyên ngành Environmental Science and Management
Thể loại Bachelor Thesis
Năm xuất bản 2022
Thành phố Thai Nguyen
Định dạng
Số trang 64
Dung lượng 1,54 MB

Cấu trúc

  • PART I. INTRODUCTION (11)
    • 1.1. Research Rationale (11)
    • 1.2. Research Objectives (14)
    • 1.3. Research Questions and Hypotheses (14)
      • 1.3.1. Questions (14)
      • 1.3.2. Hypothesis (15)
      • 1.3.3. Limitations (15)
      • 1.3.5. Definition Of Terms (16)
  • PART II. LITERATURE REVIEW (18)
    • 2.1. The role of social media on a wide scale (18)
    • 2.3. Social media’s significance in the environment (19)
    • 2.4. Public perception and participation in conservation (20)
    • 2.5. The Philippines towards ecotourism conservation (21)
  • PART III. METHODS (23)
    • 3.1. Research Design (23)
    • 3.2. Research Instruments (23)
      • 3.2.1. Online survey questionnaire (24)
    • 3.3. Research Participants (24)
    • 3.4. Research Data Collection (25)
  • PART IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (27)
    • 4.1. Results (27)
      • 4.1.1. General information of respondents (27)
        • 4.1.1.1. Age (27)
        • 4.1.1.2. Facebook participation (27)
      • 4.1.2. Public’s perception of conserving Philippine eco-tourism (29)
        • 4.1.2.1. Public’s views and opinions (30)
        • 4.1.2.2. Public’s thoughts on prioritizing conservation (33)
      • 4.1.3. Public behavior on social media (38)
        • 4.1.3.1. The respondents’ choice of social media content (38)
        • 4.1.3.2. Participation on the Facebook page (40)
        • 4.1.3.4. The reasons behind the likelihood of the respondents (42)
        • 4.1.3.5. Effects of perception on behavior on social media (45)
        • 4.1.3.6. Public perception and behavior on the conservation of Philippine ecotourism (49)
  • PART IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION (52)
    • 5.1. Conclusion (52)
    • 5.2. Recommendation (53)

Nội dung

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY ELISHA REGIS CARNEO RAMOS The effects of perception on soocial media behavior of the public in Santa Rosa, Laguna towards t

INTRODUCTION

Research Rationale

Living in the 21st century wherein everything starts and ends in a blink of an eye, people are swiftly engaging in the development and modernization of society, and in today’s time, the growing platforms and interests for social media are subsequently a part Taking advantage of today’s time advancement and technology, the researcher came up with how to be innovative with what we have and how these things could mean to our environment, and this is by incorporating the real and online world to spread initiatives to assess the public’s perception of conservation and their social media behavior

For tourists and locals of all interests, the Philippines provides a wide range of tourism activities and attractions That is immensely appreciated by both tourist and locals

Figure 1.1: Philippine ecotourism’s contribution on GDP

Given this fact, the Philippines’ ecotourism sector is hugely seen as a viable contributor to economic development, employment rate, culture, and country promotion According to Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), The contribution of tourism sectors to the Philippine economy was assessed at 12.7 percent in 2018, as measured by the percentage of Tourism Direct Gross Value Added (TDGVA) to Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

As a result, knowing the attitudes and opinions of local citizens regarding tourist development, as well as how these impressions are formed, would be useful information for the tourism sector, particularly for regional tourism development initiatives (Jalani, 2012) In addition to tourism development, awareness and practices concerning the conservation of Philippine ecotourism would certainly arise

Social media plays a vital role in influencing the perception and preferences of people nowadays Different platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, Tiktok, and the like are used to commence and unfold various content, thoughts, and information which are continuously and increasingly evolving and modernizing from an access tool to being an interaction tool (Heinrichs, 2011) In that case, business brands and firms, and other programs grab the opportunity to use these platforms to engage people Whereas as a researcher, incorporating the vast engagement of people to social media will be an efficient medium to promote awareness of several current environmental issues (Mallick and Bajpai, 2019) The scope of social networks is extremely wide, and the high chances to promote other environmental concerns, perhaps, could be attained

According to the latest statistics, the Philippines is known to be the highest social media user in Southeast Asia It was mentioned that in January 2020 approximately 69% was the social media penetration rate in the said country With this existing statistic, a possible study can be conducted due to the high rate of engagement to assess the social media initiatives on the conservation of the country’s ecotourism

Various campaigns, movements, and statements for ecotourism are produced by the government and non-government organizations in the Philippines However, the engagement of the public through social media is limited and surpassed, knowing the capability of social media This study will focus on an area where it is the major tourist attraction, however, to keep the tourist appeal of the area, it should be preserved and conserved Conservation of ecotourism is an adequate step to maintain several environmental purposes (Bagarinao.1999)

This study will emphasize how these social media initiatives affect the participation of the public in ecotourism conservation by analyzing the public’s statement and perception of conservation Due to the lack of updated studies regarding its conservation and protection, this study may fill the gaps to innovate ways to involve the public and improve strategic conservation plans Moreover, the researcher will also be knowledgeable about the future significance of social media initiatives integrating environmental issues and concerns.

Research Objectives

There are three main objectives that this research is expected to reach Firstly, to be able to assess the effects of public perception on conservation towards their behavior on social media initiatives regarding conserving the Philippines’ ecotourism Secondly, to be able to analyze how these two subjects, public behavior, and perception will affect the conservation of Philippine ecotourism, and lastly, to be knowledgeable of the future significance of social media initiatives integrating environmental issues and concerns

Research Questions and Hypotheses

This study specifically sought to answer two central questions

1 What are the effects of the public's perception of conservation on the public's behavior on social media towards conserving the Philippines’ ecotourism?

• This question will solely focus on characterizing the effects of what the public perceives towards conservation on how they behave on social media regarding conserving Philippine ecotourism

2 How does the public’s perception of conservation and the public’s attitude toward social media affects the conservation of Philippine ecotourism

• This question will answer the possible statements about how the two variables will be affecting the conservation of Philippine ecotourism

This research quests to present an alternative hypothesis:

- Perception has an effect to public’s behavior on social media

- Public perception and social media behavior has affects the conservation of

This study is to merely comprehend the effects, both negative and positive, of the participant’s perception of the initiatives which have been limitedly implemented on Facebook This study will solely focus on categorizing the effects and mentioning the reasons behind the effects but won’t be delving deeper into them

Figure 1.2: Conceptual framework of the study

Figure 1 shows the conceptual model of the study that will focus on the impacts of public perception on their behavior on social media and how these two variables will affect the conservation of the Philippine eco-tourism

The first frame presents the perception of the public of Santa Rosa Laguna towards conserving Philippine ecotourism It includes their statements and opinion on conservation matters While on the other hand, the second frame presents the various behavior of the public in Santa Rosa Laguna on social media through different initiatives that talks about the conservation of Philippine ecotourism This includes how they consider liking, commenting, and sharing certain posts on social media, what they think of environment-related posts, and their likelihood of sharing those

Finally, the last and final frame is referring to how frames 1 and 2 will affect the conservation of Philippine ecotourism This involves the possibility that it can increase the rate of conservation, spread education and awareness regarding conservation, and elevate the chances of prioritizing this matter and whatnot

Conservation- the act of protecting plants and animals, natural environments, and historically significant structures and buildings, particularly against the negative consequences or impacts of various activities

Ecotourism- tourism aimed at supporting conservation efforts and observing wildlife in unusual, often threatened natural environments

Initiatives- a fresh strategy or method for achieving a goal or resolving a problem

Perception- a belief or opinion shared by many people and based on how things appear social media- websites and applications that allow users to create and share content, as well as connect with other users

LITERATURE REVIEW

The role of social media on a wide scale

As users create content, share images, and select to "like," react or play a game, social media technology has become a crucial element of everyday life (Tess P.A, 2013)

Moreover, social media enters a world where individuals can contribute to a variety of concerns, and new opportunities and challenges were created to foster collaboration (Gaal et al, 2015) The idea of incorporating the advancement of social media into education, psychological and behavioral studies is widespread However, to be able to take advantage of this advancement to cater to awareness and inclusion of the public regarding the environment, aren’t much observed

2.2 Public engagement on social media

Social media caters to a huge space for the public to be engaged and there is a variety of users who are intensely and passively engaged and are defined as the ones who actively engage themselves in creating messages, postings, and other activities (Casalò et al., 2007) On the other hand, some users are in contrast Nonetheless, according to another research, users' engagement behavior depends on understanding the content format of any initiative on social media (Dolan et al., 2021)

Thus, social media has a wide scope of differences when it comes to users' behavior and attitude on social media Research has been conducted and mentioned some factors that affect a user's social media behavior namely breaking news, posts from social friends, and the user's intrinsic interest (Wu et al, 2012).

Social media’s significance in the environment

Many citizens nowadays are using social media to post or share real-time photographs of deforestation or littering, forest fires, recorded chemical spills in wetlands, illegal dumping, and injured or deceased endangered animals, summarizing their environmental concerns (Roshandel et.al., 2016) Social media has its characteristic that is a widely visible, efficient, and effective way to raise concerns, awareness, and major issues In that case, Roshandel mentioned, it also offers the public to easily comprehend and participate in any initiatives or movements that are arising With that being said, A study has proven the significant uses of social media and its initiatives and indications In this study, it has been mentioned that tourism promotion via social media is playing a significant and important role in the industry (Simon, 2019) Similar to this is a study in China about ecotourism using social media initiatives as a tool to investigate the use of social media regarding the relationship between ecotourism and the natural environment (Cheng et al.,

2017) Nevertheless, the two studies mentioned above focused more on the result of how to market the suggested eco/tourism areas A study performed in Nevada, Spain, performed a combined earth’s observation and social media data to be able to recognize the most significant natural culture of the two reserved areas in the said locale (Vaz et.al., 2020) Moreover, A study conducted in China focuses on using social media to strengthen the built awareness to be able to refine wildlife management and conservation

As they have proven, social media is essentially and strongly significant when it comes to discussing this matter (Wu et al., 2018).

Public perception and participation in conservation

It is difficult to define the word "public perception" because it includes many facets and can change over time and in various contexts (Borg and Said, 2016) With this matter, perception shifts vastly due to various factors like statements of the many, socioeconomic statuses, educational background, personal experiences, and more According to various studies, public participation is the primary source of effective conservation (Fischer et al., 2011) However, A study that has been conducted a few years ago mentioned the exclusion of the public’s view due to the lack of knowledge and incompetent perceptions due to no basis (Hunter and Brehm, 2003) But subsequently, another researcher debunked this statement, mentioning that regardless of whether they align with scientific knowledge, public opinion should be taken seriously The study also believed that calling for further ‘‘education" of the public – to get their awareness up to date – is an oversimplification of the issue (Fischer et al., 2011) Indeed, public participation and perception is an anticipated event, for it is believed that it is a win-win situation that will directly or indirectly benefit both the public and the government (Azhari et al., 2012) Moreover, Future studies should be conducted with a huge inclusion of the public for the reason of its vitality to conservation.

The Philippines towards ecotourism conservation

Generally, Ecotourism is a form of tourism that is both sustainable and beneficial to the environment (Buckley, 1994) However, the perception of this differs The perception with regards to ecotourism matters to be able to implement conservation (Bennett, 2016)

The Philippines has the potential to become an ecotourism hotspot, and if properly implemented, ecotourism could help alleviate poverty while also contributing to the protection of the country's natural resources (Yu, 2020) With the nation’s financial situation, the government isn't fully supporting and focusing Thinking that other sectors could be able to help alleviate poverty that’s neglecting the capability of the country's eco-tourism However, A couple of studies are proving that ecotourism has the potential to be given importance and that is through giving out studies that include the public A study was conducted in Cebu, the Philippines regarding conserving tourism for the sake of a Whale shark species The study mentioned that conservation and the connection of behavior, attitude, and socioeconomic status matter to the perception and eagerness of the public to conserve (Ziegler, 2020) Unfortunately, the study failed to connect these factors to their subject

Given the gaps that have been mentioned by the previous researchers, this research will be fulfilled by focusing not just on conservation and the public’s participation but also on comprehending and analyzing the public’s perception and behavior in the realm of society As mentioned above, a wide scale of the public is catered to on social media Thus, this study will reach out to the public and take advantage of today's time social media advancement to be able to connect the factors that are essentially related to implementing conservation management.

METHODS

Research Design

In this study, the basis for the research method is partly the usage of social media indicators from the provided initiatives of this research and data from the collected surveys Initiatives were implemented on Facebook Facebook is said to be one of the most increasingly innovative social media applications They offer a huge variety of features Facebook is regarded as a model setting for communication and engagement, making language learning, and teaching easier (Aydin, 2012) In addition to this, A research regarding climate change used Facebook, as a platform for climate change’s communication strategy They have quoted that Facebook is the most influential social media network that promotes utilization (De-Lara, 2022)

With the primary data gathered, this study conducted an inductive content analysis to specifically qualify the impacts When there is little knowledge about the topic under it, qualitative studies and particularly theme and content analyses are important (Roshandel et.al., 2016).

Research Instruments

The researcher created a Facebook public page named “Why Do Eye Bother” (WDEB) with a total of 207-page likers and 213-page followers The researcher implemented social media initiatives from November 2021-February 2022 There are a total of 12 initiatives and 4 of those regard Philippine ecotourism and its conservation

The initiatives like videos, photos, and posters were personally studied and made by the researcher Together with these initiatives, the researchers were able to distribute online surveys via google forms

The questionnaire that has been made was semi-structured The researcher chose this to achieve the three goals of our research data gathering (1) collect qualitative data, (2) explore the research participant’s perceptions and behaviors, and (3) delve deeper into comprehending the impacts of the public's perception of conservation and behavior on social media in conserving Philippine ecotourism

The survey has two parts Part 1 embarks upon the public’s perspective on Philippine Ecotourism conservation In this part, we would have a glimpse of their perceptions towards conserving Philippine ecotourism and their willingness and likelihood of engaging in conservation On the other hand, part 2 tackles the behavior of the public on Facebook Particularly on the initiatives implemented on the Facebook page, “Why Do Eye Bother” It gives the researcher an insight into what the people thought of the initiative concerning a certain topic, why the people liked, shared, or commented on a certain Facebook post, and their willingness and likelihood of spreading news regarding Philippine ecotourism on Facebook.

Research Participants

The study was able to gather its respondents through two different sampling methods which are snowball and cluster sampling As the survey has been publicized through the Facebook public page, the engagement of the post where the survey is initiated, reached various people from public or personal shared posts Due to the lack of capability to control who exactly the targeted people will answer the survey forms, The researcher had a total of 150 survey respondents but has narrowed it down to 90 respondents which are all from the city of Santa Rosa, Laguna While the other respondents are from different cities and provinces in the Philippines

This research solely acknowledged the participation of the people who liked the Facebook page “Why Do Eye Bother” (WDEB) and the public in the City of Santa Rosa, Laguna, Philippines.

Research Data Collection

The researcher established a Facebook page as a platform, to begin with Using

“Why Do Eye Bother”, a Facebook public page that was built with an initial purpose of spreading awareness regarding our environment and starting a place on social media to encourage the public that whatever they perceive matters, the researcher implemented sets of facebook initiatives through posting videos, photos, and posters On the initiative that has been posted, attached to it was the distributed online survey Through repeated sharing of the Facebook posts of the page, the page grew and got quite several engagements and followers As a result, the online survey was able to reach the desired number of participants Each participant who was engaged in the post and the online survey was tasked to answer a two-part online questionnaire via Google Forms

First, the researcher summarized all gathered data using google spreadsheets and Microsoft Excel Afterward, the researcher used conceptual analysis on all open-ended questions to be able to categorize each answer with the researcher’s given categories and codes Also, With the use of conceptual analysis, the researcher was able to observe the occurrence of each textual concept On the other hand, for multiple responses data, the researcher used a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software to statistically analyze that kind of data Using SPSS, possibly made the quantitative data easier to see the trends in multiple response data Lastly, to analyze the effects of one variable on the other, relational context analysis was present through various figures for better analyzation.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results

Figure 4 1: Ages of the research respondents

Out of 90 respondents, the researchers observed that 41.2% are aged 21-28 followed by 29.4% are ages 13-20 and 12.9% are aged 29-38 are the top age bracket that participated This is very relevant because according to a survey conducted by Data Report last February 2022, 58% of the Philippines’ population between the ages of 13-44 are internet users, and this is essentially going up by numbers as time passes by

As mentioned in the previous chapter, The researcher has established a Facebook public page, “Why Do Eye Bother” The page reached a total of 205 people liking and 212 people following the page These were the number of people interacting with the

Facebook posts implemented Below are the actual screenshots of the Facebook page’s information

Figure 4 2: Facebook page of “Why Do Eye Bother”

The basis for participation does not only based on the number of likes and followers but as well as the number of people who participated in the survey that was created

Figure 4 3: Facebook page follower count

Out of 90 respondents, there were 57 respondents that are “Why Do Eye Bother” or WDEB Facebook page followers, which is said to be 51.3% of the respondents On the other hand, there were 33 respondents or 29% of the respondents that did not follow the Facebook page at all It is believed that they were reached by our survey due to the public sharing of the page’s initiatives Which are relevantly correct because our initiative that includes our survey received quite a big engagement

See the figure 4.3 that includes the number of people reached, shares, likes, clicks, and photo views On the right corner shows several people sharing and spreading the news to be a part of the survey

4.1.2 Public’s perception of conserving Philippine eco-tourism

The results that have been gathered for this area, will scrutinize the perception of every respondent in Santa Rosa, Laguna Here, we will see different statements and reasonings regarding their perception of the conservation of the Philippines’ eco- tourism

The “Why Do Eye Bother” Facebook created various initiatives and one of those is a 4- minute video initiative that caters to the realities and the way to conserve the Philippine eco-tourism The researcher asked the respondents to watch the video and give their insights regarding the video Here, the researcher will observe whether they will see the importance of conservation or what would they think about the way of conserving the

Philippine ecotourism The video got quite an engagement The post reached 932 people,

45 reactions, and 10 shares The researcher created categories to carefully understand their various perceptions

Table 4 1: Content analysis for respondent’s insights on the video initiative

Category Open Code Significant Statement Examples

Informative Carries information and education

“The video contains a lot of interesting information that I do not know about so it's nice seeing them in the vid The word ecotourism itself is a word I'm not familiar with, and it's great getting knowledge about its pros and cons to the country.”

“I think it's a compilation of places in the Philippines that everyone should see at least once in their life It's about promoting the Philippine ecotourism”

“The Philippines as we all know has such beautiful and breathtaking nature as well as rich resources I think it would be better if we actually take action to conserve these resources without compromising nature.”

Appreciation Appreciation of the natural beauty of the Philippines’ eco-tourism

“I think the Philippines is very rich in natural resources And I am proud to say I am a Filipino

Visuality Appearance of the video initiative

“It's a beautiful and engaging video.”

Potential Carries out the inner potential of the Phillippines

“Philippines ecotourism could help us to establish a good economy that can help the Philippines to grow and have a better economy.”

Negativity The worse side of the realities of

For this part, we have a total of seven formulated categories and each theme has its own description As it is written above, all the answers are based on the insight of our respondents regarding the video posted on the Facebook page Listed below are the detailed description of each theme and the number of respondents associated with it a 30% or 27 of the respondents under the category, informative

What these people think regarding the video is that the video is filled with a lot of information that is undeniably educational Pieces of information that are not frequently watched and seen on basic news or articles In short, the video gave them an awareness of the realities of their country’s ecotourism They have learned that as Filipino, they have the responsibility to take of charge ecotourism’s state and welfare through conservation Some of the respondents have been educated about some environmental events and occurrences like carbon footprints, conservation, and preservation of the ecosystems b 14.4% or 13 of the respondents under the category, appreciation

This centralizes the thought of the people that indeed, the Philippines is a rich and beautiful country that made them think to prioritize conservation The people’s insight focuses on the look of the scenery of every ecotourism spot seen in the video c 13.3% or 12 of the respondents under the category, reinforcement

This group of people is the ones who were moved into the action of what they saw in the video Most of the respondents mentioned that it is a wake-up call for them that they must start conserving and protecting ecotourism now d 7.7% or 7 of the respondents under the category, promotional

A part of the respondents said that is it simply a promotional video to present and share with other people what the country, the Philippines has These respondents have not much to say regarding the conservation e 6.6% or 6 of the respondents under the category, potential

These respondents noticed the various potential that Philippine ecotourism can offer to the country The Philippines indeed has a lot to offer Some respondents have mentioned the potential of the Philippines to decrease the rate of poverty and boost the country’s economy This is because of the great and huge asset that ecotourism holds With, that reason made them think of how essential it is to conserve f 4.4% or 4 of the respondents under the category, visuality

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion

In conclusion, perception is extremely essential to be able to put a certain thing into action because whatever you perceive really affects your conviction which will take an effect on your decision-making, actions, and behavior

In this study, the researcher has observed that there is a high percentage of people in Santa Rosa Laguna, who have a positive perception of conserving Philippine ecotourism There are about 70-80% of our respondents from Santa Rosa Laguna are environmentally aware of the potential and weight of conserving Philippine ecotourism and the importance of prioritizing it Hence, a huge number of people are willing to participate in raising awareness and supporting conservational advocacies However, taking into consideration that not all positive perceptions would result in positive behavior, it is seen in the results that it could lead to uncertainty as well The reason that some respondents are unsure is that they aren’t virtually active, especially on Facebook However, joining other conservational services would be an option for them Also, the fact that there are people who do not agree can’t be set aside because these people have a valid reason also prioritizing conservation it is because as the majority says, the Philippine government is incompetent, and they lack knowledge regarding this matter That is why they are reasonably negative about whether to agree, participate, or contribute or not

Indeed, what you perceive matters Because as you can see respondents who positively perceive conservation has an effective and good effect on promoting and enhancing the conservation of Philippine ecotourism On the other hand, having a negative perception of conservation is highly believed because of the lack of knowledge and the incompetent service of the government For this reason, the researcher cannot blame the public’s perception and behavior as to why they aren’t complying

That is why the researcher believes that this research or study is very much significant not just because we are living in the 21 st century where most things are technological and virtual dependent But also, wrong perceptions, false beliefs, and misconceptions about conservation, step by step will come to an end.

Recommendation

There are three things the researcher wanted to recommend for better and deeper understanding or knowledge regarding the studies’ topic

Firstly, there is indeed a wide scope of area to conserve this study focused and so the researcher highly recommends on focusing on a certain area or ecotourism site in the Philippines to point out the various perceptions that may occur For example, there might be factors that local people will change their perception regarding conservation if it’s

Secondly, demographics somewhat matters on this study Especially the age Knowing that youths to young adults are way more virtually and technologically inclined and so the behavioral assessment would probably more relevant to them, and so for the future researchers, they could add, focus, or specify the age for the better and enhances analyzation of the respondent’s behavior on social media

Lastly, the future researcher can use other social media platforms If possible, the researcher can compare which social media platform is more effective to innovate such social media posts that would raise awareness and spread knowledge Hence, it can prove the power of social media and would give the people a chance to contribute on their simple ways

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In this part it presents the various social media initiatives in forms of video and photo Gathered below are the screenshots of posts details on Facebook page, “Why Do Eye Bother”

In this part are the desiminated survey questionnaires attached on the social media initiatives that are placed on google forms

ASSESMENT ON PUBLIC’S PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE CONSERVATION ECOTOURISM AND HOW IT AFFECTS YOUR SOCIAL MEDIA BEHAVIOR

Introduction: From the collaged photo and short video of various Philippines' ecotourism, What are your thoughts about it?

Part 1: What made you react(like,heart, laugh and sad), comment and share our post? Part 2: questions regarding you thoughts and perception towards conserving the philippines' ecotourism

PART I One click means a lot!

What made you react (like, heart, laugh and sad), comment and share our post? Answer the following questions so we can know your insights

Part II DO YOU BOTHER?

This will delve deeper to yor perception towards the conservation of the Philippine ecotourism Feel free to answer based on your true insights and opinions

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