Project title: Conduct experiments to control idle speed depending on engine temperature andload2.. Sign with full nameTHE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAMIndependence – Freedom– HappinessH
Trang 1HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAINING
COURSE PROJECT
Conduct experiments to control idle speed depending on enginetemperature and load
Major: AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING Advisor: ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG, Associate Pro.
Ho Chi Minh City, November 2023
Trang 2HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR INTERNATIONAL TRAINING
COURSE PROJECT
Conduct experiments to control idle speed depending on enginetemperature and load
Major: AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING Advisor: ĐÔ VĂN DŨNG,Associate Pro.
Ho Chi Minh City, November 2023
Trang 3THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence – Freedom– Happiness
Ho Chi Minh City, March 31, 2020
COURSE PROJECT ASSIGNMENT
Student name: Phạm Phi Hùng Student ID: 20145448 Student name: Phan Nguyễn Hoàng Sang Student ID: 20145457 Student name: Tô Hoài Nam Student ID: 20145420 Major: Automotive Technology Engineering Class: 20145CLA4 Advisor: Associate Pro Đỗ Văn Dũng Phone number: Date of assignment: Date of submission:
1 Project title: Conduct experiments to control idle speed depending on engine temperature andload
2 Initial materials provided by the advisor: 3 Content of the project:
4 Final product:
CHAIR OF THE PROGRAM
(Sign with full name)
Trang 4(Sign with full name)
THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence – Freedom– Happiness
Ho Chi Minh City, March 31, 2023
ADVISOR’S EVALUATION SHEET
Student name: Phạm Phi Hùng Student ID: 20145448 Student name: Phan Nguyễn Hoàng Sang Student ID: 20145457 Student name: Tô Hoài Nam Student ID: 20145420 Major: Automotive Technology Engineering
Project title: Conduct experiments to control idle speed depending on engine temperature and load
Trang 5(Sign with full name)
Trang 6THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence – Freedom– Happiness
Ho Chi Minh City, March 24, 2023
PRE-DEFENSE EVALUATION SHEET
Student name: Phạm Phi Hùng Student ID: 20145448 Student name: Phan Nguyễn Hoàng Sang Student ID: 20145457 Student name: Tô Hoài Nam Student ID: 20145420 Major: Automotive Technology Engineering
Project title: Conduct experiments to control idle speed depending on engine temperature and load
Trang 7(Sign with full name)
Trang 8THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence – Freedom– Happiness
EVALUATION SHEET OF DEFENSE COMMITTEE MEMBER
Student name: Phạm Phi Hùng Student ID: 20145448 Student name: Phan Nguyễn Hoàng Sang Student ID: 20145457 Student name: Tô Hoài Nam Student ID: 20145420 Major: Automotive Technology Engineering
Project title: Conduct experiments to control idle speed depending on engine temperature and load
Name of Defense Committee Member:
Trang 9(Sign with full name)
COMMITTEE MEMBER
Trang 101.3 Scope and limitations of the topic
CHAPTER 2: THEORY OVERVIEW
2.1 Introduction of DC motor
2.2 Idle speed controlling
CHAPTER 3: EXPERIENCE MODELS
Trang 1111
Trang 12CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.1 Reasons for choosing the topic
There are many systems in a car, of which the idle speed system is an important system in a car Because of its popularity, the requirement to control this object in terms of position and speed according to each need is a problem for each of us.
This system has a great effect on cars, to reduce Minimizing fuel consumption, fast response, accuracy and stability are the criteria set for each problem for engineers As a Student myself, I definitely have many shortcomings in knowledge and experience, so mistakes can't be avoided, hope you and your friends understand.
1.1.1 Goal
- Learn about Arduino Uno board, Motor Driver - Simulate the circuit on Proteus software
- At the same time, provide yourself with knowledge about the automatic control system on cars in terms of principles and working methods.
- Learn and build simulations of idle speed systems
1.1.2 Purpose
- Through the goals that we have set, the first purpose that we want to achieve is an
experimental model on the right topic.
- Measure and adjust DC motor speed Fast response in three modes of start-up, idle and load.
- Meet the exact angle that we require - Stable system, fast response, high accuracy - Learn about the idle speed system.
Trang 13- Report by students Rami Awar, Yahya Khaled Al Ali, Youssef Al Jrab American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon "Speed and Position Control of a DC Motor" https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uac t=8&ved=2ahUKEwi7peSVi8_9AhVwmFYBHRcTB94QFnoECCUQAQ&url=https% 3A%2F%2Framiawar.github.io%2Fassets%2Fpdfs%2Fdc_motor_controller_report.pdf &usg=AOvVaw0KTkDKE2DNbnrW04ix3M7v
Project of 1 Student has done a similar topic Provide general and specific problems Thereby, we formed a theoretical basis for my topic
1.3 Scope and limitations of the topic
Time: 5 weeks - Scope of the topic:
+ Learn and select parameters on DC motors.
+ Development of position and speed control systems for DC motors + Build simulation on software.
+ Complete experimental model.
+ Understand the basic principles of DC motors, including structure, operating principles, electrical and motor characteristics, and control methods.
+ Learn and build simulations of idle speed systems based on the effects of load and temperature
Trang 14CHAPTER 2: THEORY OVERVIEW2.1 Introduction of DC motor
DC motor (DC stands for Direct Current Motors) is a motor that is controlled by a definite direction or, in other words, it is a type of motor that runs on a DC voltage source
The stationary part of the machine includes the following main parts: * Main magnetic pole.
Is the part that generates the magnetic field, including the magnetic pole iron core and the outer cage excitation winding poles of iron Magnetic pole core made of thick sheets of electro technical steel or carbon steel 0.5 to 1mm pressed and spread tightly In small electric motors, block steel can be used Magnetic Pole fastened to the housing by bolts The field winding is wound with copper wire, and each coil is thoroughly insulated into a
Trang 15block impregnated with insulating paint before placed on the magnetic poles The field windings placed on these magnetic poles are in series with together.
* Secondary magnetic pole.
The auxiliary magnetic poles are placed on top of the main magnetic poles and are used to improve direction change Steel core of the auxiliary magnetic pole is usually made of block steel and on the body of the auxiliary magnetic pole, there is a winding wire that is similar to the main pole winding The auxiliary magnetic pole is attached to the case by means of bolt.
* Words.
The magnetic gong is used as a magnetic circuit connecting the magnetic poles, and at the same time as the case In the cave small and medium-sized electromechanical units often use thick steel to bend and weld In a large machine usually use cast steel Sometimes in small electric motors, cast iron is used as the body.
Rotor (rotor)
Figure 2.2 Rotor Includes the following main sections:
+ Armature iron core.
Used to conduct magnetism, usually 0.5mm thick electrical engineering steel sheets covered with thin electrodes on both sides and then pressed together to reduce losses caused by eddy currents Above stamped steel sheet in the shape of a groove when joined together to form a groove to place the winding wire.
For medium and large power engines, grooves are made to form holes ventilation This iron core is pressed tightly against the motor shaft.
+ Armature winding.
Trang 16The armature winding is the part that generates the electromotive force and has a current flowing through it.
Armature winding is usually made of insulated copper wire In the small machine there are power under a few kw usually use wire with circular cross section In medium and large electric machines usually rectangular cross section wire is used The windings are carefully insulated from the core groove steel In order to prevent the rotation from being thrown out due to centrifugal force, a wedge is used at the mouth of the groove to tighten or fastening belt Wedges are made of bamboo, wood or bakelite.
+ Shares.
The rotor winding is a closed coil, each of its edges connected to the collector plate Also known as a reverse ring, it consists of many swish-tailed copper plates assembled into one cylindrical block, insulated from each other and isolated from the shaft Contributors are made copper is both conductive and wear-resistant Other parts such as propellers are used for the blower to cool the machine The machine shaft is placed on the armature iron core, the propeller commutator and the drive ball, machine shaft is usually made of good carbon.
Working principle of DC motor
Figure 2.3 Working principle of DC motor
When the DC voltage U is applied to the two electric brushes A and B, in the wire winding the armature with current Current-carrying conductors ab and cd are in the magnetic thhe field will experience mutual forces acting on each other, creating a torque acting on the rotor, making it rotate rotor The direction of the applied force is determined according to the left hand rule
When the armature is rotated half a turn, the positions of the guides ab, cd change thanks to the collector plate changing the direction of the current, the direct current changes to alternating current is applied to the armature winding, keeping the direction of the force constant, so the force acting on the rotor is also in a certain direction, ensuring that the motor has a direction rotation unchanged.
Trang 17Motor controlling
The engine needs a certain operating temperature, which must remain constant, in order to run smoothly refers to the operating temperature of your engine, which isn’t a fixed figure in most cases, but a temperature range Your engine is most efficient within this range But on the other hand, this temperature cannot be allowed to go through the roof, as otherwise the engine will overheat and serious damage could result That’s why it is regulated by the cooling system.
Warming up your car allows the engine oil to circulate and warm up, which makes it flow more easily and reduces the wear and tear on the engine This can help to prolong the life of the engine and improve fuel economy.
The engine load basically determines the capacity of the engine to produce power It is the force which resists the power produced by the engine Whenever the load on engine increases, the engine speed decreases To compensate this loss in engine speed, more fuel is supplied to the engine When the load is greater than rated load, we say that engine is overloaded.
2.2 Idle speed controlling
The ISC (Idle Speed Control) system controls a certain amount of air passing through the throttle when not stepping on the accelerator to control the idle speed to
suit different engine conditions.
Figure : Example of 1 ISC System: ISCV valve, engine ECU, various sensors and switches
Trang 18Operating principle of the idle speed control system
The system includes input signals sent to the ECU, then the ECU understands the current engine working conditions and provides control signals to the actuator, which is the idle valve (ISCV) or electronic throttle to control the amount of air entering the engine appropriately when not stepping on the accelerator.
Figure: Operating modes of the idle speed control system:
The idle speed control system has 5 working modes as follows: 1 At startup
When the engine ECU receives a start signal (STA), it determines that the engine is starting and causes the ISC valve or throttle to open wide to facilitate starting Input signals sent to the ECU include: Coolant temperature sensor, STA signal, NE signal, IDL signal from the throttle sensor.
Trang 192 Engine warm-up mode (fast idling)
When the engine is cold, the idling speed is unstable due to factors such as high engine oil viscosity and poor fuel fluidity Therefore, the idling speed must be higher than normal to make it stable This is called fast idling
After starting the engine, if the water temperature sensor reports that the engine temperature is still low, the ECU will control the large opening of the ISCV valve or throttle to help the engine quickly reach operating temperature to achieve Best performance (about 80-90 degrees Celsius), as the temperature increases, the idle speed will gradually decrease.
– Input signals include: ETC, NE, IDL sensors.
Trang 203 Feedback control mode
For feedback control, the standard idle speed (600-800 rpm) is stored in the engine ECU and compared with the actual idle speed The ISCV is then controlled to correct the actual idling speed to the standard idling speed.
(When the actual idling speed is lower than the standard idling speed: ISCV is opened to correct this idling speed to the standard idling speed When the actual idling speed is higher than the running speed Standard idling: This ISCV closes to correct the idling speed to the standard idling speed).
4 Estimated control mode.
The engine speed change prediction control estimates the change in idle speed relative to the engine load and controls the ISC valve accordingly.
When the gear shift lever is changed (P-R-N-D), or when there is a change in engine load when an electrical component is operating (lights on, window tinting, steering, air conditioning on ) the idle speed will increase or decrease Therefore, when the engine ECU receives a signal about the engine load, this ISCV is controlled to reduce the change in idling speed.
– Input signal: NE, NSW, A/C, PS, ELS signals…
Trang 21Other control modes:
The engine ECU opens the ISC valve when the IDL contact of the throttle position sensor closes (when the accelerator pedal is released) to prevent the engine speed from suddenly decreasing.
Types of ISCV
ISCV is a mechanism that controls the amount of intake air during idling using a signal from the engine ECU and controls the idling speed.
There are 2 types of ISCV as follows:
1 Bypass type via throttle and air intake control:
Because the throttle valve is completely closed during idling, the ISCV allows the necessary amount of air to flow through during idling.
Trang 222 Throttle air intake control type:
With this type, the throttle valve appropriately controls the amount of intake air during idling This system is called ETCS-i (Electronic Throttle Control System – Intelligent), and performs other control functions in addition to adjusting the amount of intake air during idling.
Operation of rotating coil type ISCV
When the effective ratio is high, this IC moves the valve in the open direction, and when the effective ratio is low, the IC moves this valve in the closed direction The ISC valve opens and closes in this way.
Trang 23Hint: If there is a problem, such as an open circuit, electricity will stop flowing to the ISC valve, which is opened to a preset position by the force of a permanent magnet This will maintain an idling speed of approximately 1000 to 1200 rpm.
The ISCV valve has an old-fashioned rotary coil.
The old-fashioned rotating coil type ISCV receives effective signals from the engine ECU and supplies power to the two coils to change the valve opening level and control the amount of intake air.
The needle amount in the ISCV corresponds to the temperature of the coolant in the engine to maintain proper valve opening for the engine in the warm-up state A stop plate is also included to prevent the valve from jamming fully open or closed when any electrical fault occurs.
Operation of the old-fashioned rotary-cord ISCV
Open valve: When electricity is transmitted to wire A (RSO/ISCO) for a long time, this valve is moved in the open direction.