Course project conduct experiments to control idle speed depending on engine temperature and load

Project title: Conduct experiments to control idle speed depending on engine temperature andload2.. Sign with full nameTHE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAMIndependence – Freedom– HappinessH

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND

EDUCATION FACULTY FOR INTERNATIONAL

TRAINING

COURSE PROJECT Conduct experiments to control idle speed depending on engine

temperature and load

Major: AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING

Advisor: ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG, Associate Pro.

Ho Chi Minh City, November 2023

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND

EDUCATION FACULTY FOR INTERNATIONAL

TRAINING

COURSE PROJECT Conduct experiments to control idle speed depending on engine

temperature and load

Major: AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING

Advisor: ĐÔ VĂN DŨNG, Associate Pro.

Ho Chi Minh City, November 2023

THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

Independence – Freedom– Happiness

Ho Chi Minh City, March 31, 2020

COURSE PROJECT ASSIGNMENT

Student name: Phạm Phi Hùng Student ID: 20145448

Student name: Phan Nguyễn Hoàng Sang Student ID: 20145457

Student name: Tô Hoài Nam Student ID: 20145420

Major: Automotive Technology Engineering Class: 20145CLA4

Advisor: Associate Pro Đỗ Văn Dũng Phone number:

Date of assignment: Date of submission:

1 Project title: Conduct experiments to control idle speed depending on engine temperature and

load

2 Initial materials provided by the advisor:

3 Content of the project:

4 Final product:

CHAIR OF THE PROGRAM

(Sign with full name)

(Sign with full name)

THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

Independence – Freedom– Happiness

Ho Chi Minh City, March 31, 2023

ADVISOR’S EVALUATION SHEET

Student name: Phạm Phi Hùng Student ID: 20145448

Student name: Phan Nguyễn Hoàng Sang Student ID: 20145457

Student name: Tô Hoài Nam Student ID: 20145420

Major: Automotive Technology Engineering

Project title: Conduct experiments to control idle

speed depending on engine temperature and load

Advisor: Đỗ Văn Dũng

EVALUATION

1 Content of the project:

2 Strengths:

3 Weaknesses:

4 Approval for oral defense? (Approved or denied)

(Sign with full name)

THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

Independence – Freedom– Happiness

Ho Chi Minh City, March 24, 2023

PRE-DEFENSE EVALUATION SHEET

Student name: Phạm Phi Hùng Student ID: 20145448

Student name: Phan Nguyễn Hoàng Sang Student ID: 20145457

Student name: Tô Hoài Nam Student ID: 20145420

Major: Automotive Technology Engineering

Project title: Conduct experiments to control idle speed depending on engine temperature and load

Name of Reviewer:

EVALUATION 1 Content and workload of the project

2 Strengths:

3 Weaknesses:

4 Approval for oral defense? (Approved or denied)

5 Overall evaluation: (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor)

6 Mark:……….(in words: )

Ho Chi Minh City, March 31, 2023

REVIEWER

(Sign with full name)

THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

Independence – Freedom– Happiness

EVALUATION SHEET OF DEFENSE COMMITTEE MEMBER

Student name: Phạm Phi Hùng Student ID: 20145448

Student name: Phan Nguyễn Hoàng Sang Student ID: 20145457

Student name: Tô Hoài Nam Student ID: 20145420

Major: Automotive Technology Engineering

Project title: Conduct experiments to control idle speed

depending on engine temperature and load

Name of Defense Committee Member:

EVALUATION 1 Content and workload of the project

2 Strengths:

3 Weaknesses:

4 Overall evaluation: (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor)

5 Mark:……….(in words: )

Ho Chi Minh City, March 31, 2023

(Sign with full name)

COMMITTEE MEMBER

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Reasons for choosing the topic

1.2 Literature Review

1.3 Scope and limitations of the topic

CHAPTER 2: THEORY OVERVIEW

2.1 Introduction of DC motor

2.2 Idle speed controlling

CHAPTER 3: EXPERIENCE MODELS

3.1 Hardware circuit

3.2 Software design

3.3 Result

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

11

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reasons for choosing the topic

There are many systems in a car, of which the idle speed system is an importantsystem in a car Because of its popularity, the requirement to control this object in terms

of position and speed according to each need is a problem for each of us

This system has a great effect on cars, to reduce Minimizing fuel consumption, fastresponse, accuracy and stability are the criteria set for each problem for engineers As aStudent myself, I definitely have many shortcomings in knowledge and experience, somistakes can't be avoided, hope you and your friends understand

1.1.1 Goal

- Learn about Arduino Uno board, Motor Driver

- Simulate the circuit on Proteus software

- At the same time, provide yourself with knowledge about the automatic control system

on cars in terms of principles and working methods

- Learn and build simulations of idle speed systems

1.1.2 Purpose

- Through the goals that we have set, the first purpose that we want to achieve is an

experimental model on the right topic

- Measure and adjust DC motor speed Fast response in three modes of start-up, idle andload

- Meet the exact angle that we require

- Stable system, fast response, high accuracy

- Learn about the idle speed system

1.2 Literature Review

- Post by Vietnam Adruino Community "P.I.D - SPEED & POSITION CONTROL"

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uac t=8&ved=2ahUKEwiC4eLigc_9AhUbiFYBHeVWDuQQFnoECCMQAQ&url=http%3 A

&usg=AOvVaw0KTkDKE2DNbnrW04ix3M7v

Project of 1 Student has done a similar topic Provide general and specific

problems Thereby, we formed a theoretical basis for my topic

1.3 Scope and limitations of the topic

Time: 5 weeks

- Scope of the topic:

+ Learn and select parameters on DC motors

+ Development of position and speed control systems for DC motors

+ Build simulation on software

+ Complete experimental model

+ Understand the basic principles of DC motors, including structure, operating principles,electrical and motor characteristics, and control methods

+ Learn and build simulations of idle speed systems based on the effects of load and temperature

* Main magnetic pole.

Is the part that generates the magnetic field, including the magnetic pole iron core andthe outer cage excitation winding poles of iron Magnetic pole core made of thick sheets

of electro technical steel or carbon steel 0.5 to 1mm pressed and spread tightly In smallelectric motors, block steel can be used Magnetic Pole fastened to the housing by bolts.The field winding is wound with copper wire, and each coil is thoroughly insulated into a

block impregnated with insulating paint before placed on the magnetic poles The fieldwindings placed on these magnetic poles are in series with together

* Secondary magnetic pole

The auxiliary magnetic poles are placed on top of the main magnetic poles and are used

to improve direction change Steel core of the auxiliary magnetic pole is usually made ofblock steel and on the body of the auxiliary magnetic pole, there is a winding wire that issimilar to the main pole winding The auxiliary magnetic pole is attached to the case bymeans of bolt

* Words

The magnetic gong is used as a magnetic circuit connecting the magnetic poles, and atthe same time as the case In the cave small and medium-sized electromechanical unitsoften use thick steel to bend and weld In a large machine usually use cast steel.Sometimes in small electric motors, cast iron is used as the body

Rotor (rotor)

Figure 2.2 RotorIncludes the following main sections:

+ Armature iron core

Used to conduct magnetism, usually 0.5mm thick electrical engineering steel sheetscovered with thin electrodes on both sides and then pressed together to reduce losses caused

by eddy currents Above stamped steel sheet in the shape of a groove when joinedtogether to form a groove to place the winding wire

For medium and large power engines, grooves are made to form holes ventilation Thisiron core is pressed tightly against the motor shaft

+ Armature winding

or fastening belt Wedges are made of bamboo, wood or bakelite.

+ Shares

The rotor winding is a closed coil, each of its edges connected to the collector plate Alsoknown as a reverse ring, it consists of many swish-tailed copper plates assembled intoone cylindrical block, insulated from each other and isolated from the shaft Contributorsare made copper is both conductive and wear-resistant Other parts such as propellers areused for the blower to cool the machine The machine shaft is placed on the armature ironcore, the propeller commutator and the drive ball, machine shaft is usually made of goodcarbon

Working principle of DC motor

Figure 2.3 Working principle of DC motorWhen the DC voltage U is applied to the two electric brushes A and B, in the wirewinding the armature with current Current-carrying conductors ab and cd are in themagnetic thhe field will experience mutual forces acting on each other, creating a torqueacting on the rotor, making it rotate rotor The direction of the applied force is determinedaccording to the left hand rule

When the armature is rotated half a turn, the positions of the guides ab, cd change thanks

to the collector plate changing the direction of the current, the direct current changes toalternating current is applied to the armature winding, keeping the direction of the forceconstant, so the force acting on the rotor is also in a certain direction, ensuring that themotor has a direction rotation unchanged

Motor controlling

The engine needs a certain operating temperature, which must remain constant, in order

to run smoothly refers to the operating temperature of your engine, which isn’t a fixed figure in most cases, but a temperature range Your engine is most efficient within this range But on the other hand, this temperature cannot be allowed to go through the roof,

as otherwise the engine will overheat and serious damage could result That’s why it is regulated by the cooling system

Warming up your car allows the engine oil to circulate and warm up, which makes it flow more easily and reduces the wear and tear on the engine This can help to prolong the life of the engine and improve fuel economy

The engine load basically determines the capacity of the engine to produce power It isthe force which resists the power produced by the engine Whenever the load on engineincreases, the engine speed decreases To compensate this loss in engine speed, more fuel

is supplied to the engine When the load is greater than rated load, we say that engine isoverloaded

2.2 Idle speed controlling

The ISC (Idle Speed Control) system controls a certain amount of air passingthrough the throttle when not stepping on the accelerator to control the idle speed to

suit different engine conditions

Figure : Example of 1 ISC System: ISCV valve, engine ECU, various sensors and

switches

Operating principle of the idle speed control system

The system includes input signals sent to the ECU, then the ECU understands thecurrent engine working conditions and provides control signals to the actuator, which isthe idle valve (ISCV) or electronic throttle to control the amount of air entering theengine appropriately when not stepping on the accelerator

Figure:

Operating modes of the idle speed control system:

The idle speed control system has 5 working modes as follows:

1 At startup

When the engine ECU receives a start signal (STA), it determines that the engine is starting and causes the ISC valve or throttle to open wide to facilitate starting.Input signals sent to the ECU include: Coolant temperature sensor, STA signal, NE signal, IDL signal from the throttle sensor

2 Engine warm-up mode (fast idling)

When the engine is cold, the idling speed is unstable due to factors such as high engineoil viscosity and poor fuel fluidity Therefore, the idling speed must be higher than normal to make it stable This is called fast idling

After starting the engine, if the water temperature sensor reports that the engine temperature is still low, the ECU will control the large opening of the ISCV valve or throttle to help the engine quickly reach operating temperature to achieve Best performance (about 80-90 degrees Celsius), as the temperature increases, the idle speed will gradually decrease

– Input signals include: ETC, NE, IDL sensors

3 Feedback control mode

For feedback control, the standard idle speed (600-800 rpm) is stored in the engine ECU and compared with the actual idle speed The ISCV is then controlled to correct the actual idling speed to the standard idling speed

(When the actual idling speed is lower than the standard idling speed: ISCV is opened

to correct this idling speed to the standard idling speed When the actual idling speed ishigher than the running speed Standard idling: This ISCV closes to correct the idling speed to the standard idling speed)

4 Estimated control mode

The engine speed change prediction control estimates the change in idle speed relative

to the engine load and controls the ISC valve accordingly

When the gear shift lever is changed (P-R-N-D), or when there is a change in engine load when an electrical component is operating (lights on, window tinting, steering, airconditioning on ) the idle speed will increase or decrease Therefore, when the engineECU receives a signal about the engine load, this ISCV is controlled to reduce the change in idling speed

– Input signal: NE, NSW, A/C, PS, ELS signals…

Other control modes:

The engine ECU opens the ISC valve when the IDL contact of the throttle position sensor closes (when the accelerator pedal is released) to prevent the engine speed fromsuddenly decreasing

Types of ISCV

ISCV is a mechanism that controls the amount of intake air during idling using a signalfrom the engine ECU and controls the idling speed

There are 2 types of ISCV as follows:

1 Bypass type via throttle and air intake control:

Because the throttle valve is completely closed during idling, the ISCV allows the necessary amount of air to flow through during idling

2 Throttle air intake control type:

With this type, the throttle valve appropriately controls the amount of intake air during idling This system is called ETCS-i (Electronic Throttle Control System – Intelligent),and performs other control functions in addition to adjusting the amount of intake air during idling

Operation of rotating coil type ISCV

When the effective ratio is high, this IC moves the valve in the open direction, and when the effective ratio is low, the IC moves this valve in the closed direction The ISC valve opens and closes in this way

Hint: If there is a problem, such as an open circuit, electricity will stop flowing to the ISC valve, which is opened to a preset position by the force of a permanent magnet This will maintain an idling speed of approximately 1000 to 1200 rpm

The ISCV valve has an old-fashioned rotary coil

The old-fashioned rotating coil type ISCV receives effective signals from the engine ECU and supplies power to the two coils to change the valve opening level and controlthe amount of intake air

The needle amount in the ISCV corresponds to the temperature of the coolant in the engine to maintain proper valve opening for the engine in the warm-up state

A stop plate is also included to prevent the valve from jamming fully open or closed when any electrical fault occurs

Operation of the old-fashioned rotary-cord ISCV

Open valve: When electricity is transmitted to wire A (RSO/ISCO) for a long time, this valve is moved in the open direction