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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF AND TRAINING HOME AFFAIRS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PHAM THANH VAO STATE MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL REVOLUTIONARY HISTORICAL RELICS IN HO CHI MINH CITY Specialization: Public Management Code : 9 34 04 03 SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Ha Noi, 2024 The doctoral dissertation was completed at: NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Supervisors: 1 Dr TRINH THANH HA 2 Dr NGUYEN HOANG ANH Reviewer 1: ……………………………………… Reviewer 2:……………………………………… Reviewer 3: ……………………………………… The doctoral dissertation is defended before the Doctoral Dissertation Assessment Council at the institutional level Venue: Room for Doctoral Dissertation Defense:…… National Academy of Public Administration 77, Nguyen Chi Thanh, Dong Da, Ha Noi Time: At: On: (day) (month), 2024 The doctoral dissertation can be found at the Library of the National Academy of Public Administration or on the website of the Department of Degree Training Management of the National Academy of Public Administration; or at the National Library of Viet Nam 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Reasons for choosing the research topic Revolutionary historical relics constitute an integral part of cultural heritage, serving as sites that preserve the imprints and glorious historical narratives of our forefathers' heroic struggles for national liberation Relics are degraded over time, especially those built of wood or covered with corrugated iron or bricks which are susceptible to deterioration caused by weather and climate with erosion from outside to the center of the structure Wood may rot from inside due to moisture accumulation or suffer biological corrosion under the influence of fungi, termites, and parasites Revolutionary historical relics are distributed across urban and rural districts They are scattered, even located in the deep alleys that are difficult to access, which hinders connections for effective development of the city’s tourism routes Furthermore, the investment funds for restoration, renovation, and promotion of the values of the relics are limited and not commensurate with the scale of national historical relics In addition, many revolutionary historical relics have not been fully exploited and their values are not promoted for tourism development A number of national revolutionary historical relics are closed and gradually being forgotten Most of these relics fall under private ownership Based on the above-mentioned rationales, the author chose the topic "State management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City" as a doctoral dissertation 2 Research purposes and tasks 2 2.1 Research purposes The doctoral dissertation aimed to study and contribute theoretical issues of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics It also aimed to propose solutions to improve the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City 2.2 Research tasks - Conduct literature review of research works related to the dissertation topic - Synthesize, analyze, and supplement theoretical and practical issues to develop a scientific basis of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics - Analyze the current situation of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City - Present viewpoints and orientations, and propose solutions to improve the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City 3 Research object and scope 3.1 Research object The research object of the doctoral dissertation is the state management of national revolutionary historical relics 3.2 Research scope - Space scope: The doctoral dissertation studied the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City 3 - Content scope: The doctoral dissertation explored a number of contents of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics - Time scope: The doctoral dissertation examined the current situation of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City from 2010 to the present Additionally, it studied the orientations of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City up to 2030 4 Research methodology and methods 4.1 Methodology The doctoral dissertation was based on the methodology of the dialectical materialism and historical materialism of the Marxist- Leninist philosophy and Ho Chi Minh’s thought 4.2 Research methods - Methods of theoretical research - Technical methods of information and data processing - Methods of practical research 5 Research questions and hypothesis 5.1 Research questions - What elements does the content of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics consist of? - How do factors influence the state management of national revolutionary historical relics? - What is the current situation of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City? 4 - What solutions are needed to improve the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City in the coming time? 5.2 Hypothesis If a system of new, synchronous, practical, and feasible solutions is developed, which are on policies and legislation, promotion of legal education and communication, consolidation of organizational apparatus, enhancement of workforce, promotion of involvement of non-state actors, decentralization of management of national revolutionary historical relics to localities, strengthening public participation in the state management of national revolutionary historical relics, application of technology in management of national revolutionary historical relics, regular inspections and examination, and strictly handling violations of regulations on national revolutionary historical relics, the quality of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City is improved 6 New contributions of the doctoral dissertation 6.1 Theoretical contribution - The doctoral dissertation is the first in-depth study on the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City The dissertation highlighted the urgency of the research topic when indicating both subjective and objective reasons for the existing weaknesses which were the rationales of the research The research results clarified the scientific basis of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics and served as important reference materials for research on the state management 5 of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City It also contributed experience of state management to the state management of national revolutionary historical relics nationwide 6.2 Practical contributions - The dissertation is the first research on the current situation of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City Through assessment and synthesis of experiences and the research results, the doctoral dissertation provided orientations and solutions to preserve and promote the historical and cultural values of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City which are commensurate with the current economic and social characteristics of Ho Chi Minh City The proposed solutions can be applied in the research area or in other regions with similarities in economic, cultural, and historical conditions 7 Dissertation structure In addition to the introduction, conclusion, and references, appendices, the doctoral dissertation comprises four chapters: Chapter 1: Literature review of the research works related to the state management of national revolutionary historical relics Chapter 2: Scientific basis of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics Chapter 3: Current situation of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City Chapter 4: Orientations and solutions to improve the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City 6 CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE STATE MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL REVOLUTIONARY HISTORICAL RELICS 1.1 Research works The dissertation reviewed both domestic and overseas research works related to the state management of national revolutionary historical relics It reviewed typical research works, specifically: Article "Conversation of cultural heritage from participation to collaboration" by Ion Sandu and Petronela Spiridon published in the Encatc Journal of Cultural Management and Policy; Article "Cultural heritage policies as a tool for development: discourse or harmony?" by Sigrid Van der Auwera and Annick Schramme published in the Encatc Journal of Cultural Management and Policy, Volume 4/Issue 1/2014/ISSN 2224 -2554; Book "Management planning of UNESCO World Heritage Sites - Guidelines for the development, implementation and monitoring of management plans - with the examples of Adriatic WHSs" published in 2016 by the Centre for Conservation and Archaeology of Montenegro; The doctoral dissertation "Today’s preservation and development of cultural heritage in Thua Thien Hue province" by Tran Thi Hong Minh; Ministry-level research project "Studying values of the tunnel relics in the Southeast region" in 2008 by Nguyen Dinh Thanh; Article "Preserving and promoting values of historical and cultural relics for sustainable development" by Luu Tran Tieu; and others 1.2 Comments on the published research works 1.2.1 Issues addressed in the published research works 7 The published research works developed and introduced concepts, contents, roles, and characteristics of state management of heritage and revolutionary historical relics They focused on in- depth examination of the theoretical basis of state management of heritage and relics, preservation and promotion of values of heritage, special national relics, state management of cultural heritage relics, and identified contents of the state management of relics The research works analyzed and assessed the current situation of heritage, historical cultural relics, and revolutionary historical relics They stated requirements, modes, and policies on management of cultural heritage to promote effectiveness Furthermore, they presented principles, methods, and processes of risk management of cultural heritage which were specified in the work of preserving cultural heritage The literature review provided additional arguments and scientific basis for proposing solutions and recommendations for preservation and promotion of historical and cultural values in the state management of heritage in general and the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in particular 1.2.2 Issues to be studied further and clarified in the doctoral dissertation The published research works related to national revolutionary historical relics mainly adopted the approach of theoretical issues of cultural values National revolutionary historical relics have been seldom studied from the perspective of the public management Therefore, theoretical issues of national revolutionary historical relics are not yet complete and need further study and discussion 8 There is few literature on national revolutionary historical relics The existing research works focused on the state management of heritage and relics in various localities but did not thoroughly analyze the theoretical and scientific basis of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics The doctoral dissertation should continue to explore general issues of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics, specifically concepts, principles, and key factors influencing the state management It is necessary to identify elements of the content of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics It is crucial to draw relevant lessons from the selected localities in the state management of national revolutionary historical relics A comprehensive analysis of the current situation of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City is needed as a basis for specific assessment of individual elements of the content to be addressed in the doctoral dissertation It is necessary to propose feasible solutions to improve the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City to preserve and promote their values in the context of "synchronicity between cultural development and economic development" and "simultaneously preserving the national cultural identity while expanding international integration." Conclusion of Chapter 1 The existing literature systematized relics in localities, highlighting the unique characteristics of each locality to preserve and promote the values of historical and cultural relics for sustainable development It emphasized the significance of the 11 2.1.3 Factors influencing the state management of national revolutionary historical relics Factors influencing the state management of national revolutionary historical relics include political factors; legal factors; economic factors; cultural, traditional, and customs factors; public participation; and scientific and technological factors 2.2 Content of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics Formulation of strategies, planning, plans, and policies for development of the cause of protecting and promoting the values of national revolutionary historical relics Promulgation and organization of the implementation of legal documents on national revolutionary historical relics Organization and direction of activities to protect and promote the values of national revolutionary historical relics Legal education, dissemination, communication about national revolutionary historical relics Establishment of organizational apparatus and training, fostering of civil servants on state management of national revolutionary historical relics Mobilization, management, and use of resources to protect and promote the values of national revolutionary historical relics And inspections and supervision of the compliance with the laws; dealing with complaints and denunciations; and handling violations of the laws on national revolutionary historical relics 2.3 Experience of selected localities and lessons learnt in the state management of national revolutionary historical relics Based on experience of Ha Noi, Quang Tri, Ben Tre, the doctoral dissertation drew lessons for Ho Chi Minh City in the state 12 management of national revolutionary historical relics, specifically: Regarding community communication and education on preservation and promotion of the values of national revolutionary historical relics, it is necessary to emphasize on management, preservation, and promotion of the values of relics which should be conducted in a synchronous manner Regarding strategies and plans for training the workforce involved in management of the national revolutionary historical relics in all neighborhoods in the locality, they should be specified and aim at development of a workforce for relic management It is imperative to invest in building a quality contingent of national revolutionary historical relic managers and create favorable conditions for the personnel involved in relic management Particularly, it is necessary to define management units’ responsibilities and powers in the state management of national revolutionary historical relics to avoid overlaps in responsibilities Gradually promote non-state actors’ involvement in relic management and formulate favorable policies to mobilize resources to improve the effectiveness of the preservation and renovation of national revolutionary historical relics Apply digital technology to relic management activities in Ho Chi Minh City Strengthen supervision and inspection of the relic preservation and renovation invested by urban and rural districts and give a special attention to the projects using funding sources from actors in society Conclusion of Chapter 2 Research results of Chapter 2 presented the theoretical basis of management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City Management of national revolutionary historical relics 13 covers many aspects such as making plans and strategies for preservation and promotion of the values of national revolutionary historical relics in the present and the coming time Furthermore, the state management of revolutionary historical relics should focus on other aspects such as the legal framework of management of national revolutionary historical relics, workforce, management activities, and inspection and examination to prevent and handle violations related to preservation and promotion of the values of relics Culture and economy have a dialectical and mutually supportive relationship Therefore, it is crucial to conduct regular, continuous, proactive state management Exchanging and learning lessons from other localities across the country promotes enhancement of professional capacity and experience in management of national revolutionary historical relics It helps draw implications for local authorities to properly and effectively manage national revolutionary historical relics CHAPTER 3 CURRENT SITUATION OF THE STATE MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL REVOLUTIONARY HISTORICAL RELICS IN HO CHI MINH CITY 3.1 Overview of development conditions and national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City 3.1.1 Overview of development conditions of Ho Chi Minh City - Natural conditions; - Political and administrative conditions; 14 - Economic and social characteristics 3.1.2 Overview of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City - Formation and development of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City Relics were formed during the process of exploration, construction, and struggle of generations of local residents over many years in the history of this land There are 185 ranked relics (as of December 2022) in Ho Chi Minh City, including: 2 special national relics (historical relics); 58 national relics (including 2 archaeological relics, 32 architectural and artistic relics, and 24 historical relics); and 125 city-level relics (including 75 architectural and artistic relics and 50 historical relics) - Typical national revolutionary historical relics Special national historical relics such as Independence Palace special national historical relic and Cu Chi Tunnels special national historical relic Typical national revolutionary historical relics such as Sác Forest Base national revolutionary historical relic and Ngã Ba Giồng national revolutionary historical relic - Distribution of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City As of December 2022, there are 24 relics ranked national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City 3.2 Analysis of the current situation of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City 15 A survey was conducted to assess the current situations of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in various aspects: formulation of strategies, planning, plans, and policies to develop the cause of protecting and promoting the values of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City; promulgation and organization of the implementation of legal documents and regulations for national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City; organization and direction of activities for protection and promotion of the values of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City; legal education, dissemination, communication about national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City; organizational apparatus; training and fostering of civil servants on management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City; mobilization, management, and use of resources to protect and promote the values of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City; and inspections and supervision of the compliance with the laws, dealing with complaints, denunciations, and handling violations of laws on national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City 3.3 Assessment of the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City 3.3.1 Achievements in the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City The city developed plannings of urban landscape architecture, identifying the urban landscape architecture areas that need to be preserved and connected with sustainable tourism development The city government quickly and timely directed its neighborhoods in 16 organization, implementation, application, and enforcement of legal normative documents issued by the government and ministries about management of historical and cultural relics The organization and direction of restoration and renovation of degraded national revolutionary historical relics was ranked above average and timely The frequency and effectiveness of legal education, dissemination, and communication on relics for people are ranked good Many training programs were provided and many public managers, professionals, and site managers of relics took training courses to enhance their professional capacity Competent organizations and units’ use of budgetary funds and capital mobilized from society to renovate and restore degraded national revolutionary historical relics was ranked good and appropriate Inspection and examination, administrative sanctions were conducted, which timely prevented infringement and encroachment of national revolutionary historical relics that may affect the preservation and promotion of their values 3.3.2 Weaknesses in the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City Formulation of planning, plans, and policies to develop the cause of protecting and promoting national revolutionary historical relics was not paid adequate attention There was an absence of a long-term master planning for the heritage system in general and for national revolutionary historical relics in particular The promulgation and implementation of legal normative documents related to national revolutionary historical relics revealed some weaknesses There was a lack of specific legal documents dedicated to national revolutionary historical relics which were primarily 17 governed by regulations for heritage or relics The inventory of relics was conducted at a slow pace and faced difficulties in the implementation process Legal education and communication on relics was not widely spread among the people and carried out for formality, which caused low effectiveness Regarding organizational apparatus, the management of national revolutionary historical relics was unified from the central to local levels There were no in-depth training courses focusing on management of national revolutionary historical relics Many national revolutionary historical relics were degraded but lacked funds for restoration Inspection and examination was not conducted regularly and mainly adhered to the existing plans 3.3.3 Reasons for weaknesses in the state management of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City The central strategies and plannings have not paid sufficient attention to the system of national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City Legal document drafting professionals have not examined properly the system of documents governing national revolutionary historical relics The individuals who are the owners of the relics or the units assigned to manage the relics do not have the desire to register for ranking the relics even though the relics are eligible for registration Communication and dissemination of the guidelines of the Communist Party of Viet Nam and public policies on cultural heritage was not given proper attention Communication on relics was not focused Information on relics was limited and the forms of dissemination were not varied Regarding the organizational apparatus, some sites were recognized as national 18 revolutionary historical relics but the authorities did not establish relic management boards in those neighbourhoods when the organizational structure and personnel of the boards were not decided yet and there was no sufficient funds for these boards Training qualification of district-level officials did not meet the professional requirements of the jobs because they have to assume multiple tasks Regarding mobilization, management, and use of resources, procedure and processes were complicated There was an absence of clear and detailed regulations for management of donations and financial contributions of the people at the religious establishments Inspection was conducted for formality and examination and supervision was limited Conclusion of Chapter 3 The chapter provided an overview of natural and social conditions that facilitate socio-economic development It then presented an overview of the formation and development of the national revolutionary historical relics in Ho Chi Minh City, reflecting the typical cultural characteristics of the Southern region The state management of national revolutionary historical relics in the city achieved positive results such as timely restoration and renovation of some severely degraded national revolutionary historical relics In addition, the city has made many good policies related to the state management of national revolutionary historical relics It developed projects, policies, and strategies for preserving national revolutionary historical relics in alignment with its urban planning which are planned to be implemented in the coming period