6 3.2 The effects of the E-girl subculture on mental health .... E-girl, an abbreviation of "electronic girl", is a subculture and stereotype of young women who are "online," meaning the
lOMoARcPSD|38894866 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI VÀ NHÂN VĂN KHOA VĂN HÓA HỌC * * * A SUBCULTURE IN GENERATION Z E-GIRL MÔN HỌC : Tiếng anh chuyên ngành Văn hóa học GIẢNG VIÊN : TS Trần Cao Bội Ngọc SINH VIÊN : Nhóm 3 LỚP : K15.1 NĂM 2023 Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|38894866 BẢNG PHÂN CÔNG CÔNG VIỆC No Full name Student ID Task 1 Nguyễn Thị Dịu Thuỳ 2156140154 - Leader - Content writer and presenter Chapter 3 (3.1, 3.2) - Game powerpoint maker 2 Nguyễn Trần Thảo Nguyên 2156140135 - Content writer and presenter Chapter 2 - Powerpoint maker 3 Bùi Tố Uyên 2156140170 - Content writer and presenter Chapter 3 (3.3, 3.4), Conclusion - Finish file Word 4 Đào Ngọc Thanh Thư 2156140069 - Content writer and presenter Introduction, Chapter 1 - Presenter game Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|38894866 MỤC LỤC BẢNG PHÂN CÔNG CÔNG VIỆC 2 I INTRODUCTION 1 II BODY .1 CHAPTER 1: THE ORIGINS AND DEFINITION OF E-GIRLS 1 1.1 The historical and cultural origins of the E-girls subculture 1 1.2 The meaning and definition of the term "E-girl" 2 1.3 The characteristics and traits commonly associated with E-girls 2 CHAPTER 2: TYPES OF E-GIRLS 3 2.1 Game e-girls .3 2.2 Tik Tok e-girls .3 2.2.1 VSCO girl 3 2.2.2 Soft girl 4 2.3 Cosplayer & Anime E-girl 4 2.4 Asian e-girl 5 CHAPTER 3: THE IMPACT OF E-GIRL 5 3.1 The impact of E-girl on fashion and beauty trends 5 3.1.1 The positive impact .5 3.1.2 The negative impact .6 3.2 The effects of the E-girl subculture on mental health 7 3.2.1 The positive effects 7 3.2.2 The negative effects .8 3.3 The influence of E-girls on online communities and the digital landscape 9 3.3.1 The positive influences 9 3.3.2 The negative influences 9 3.4 The future of the E-girl subculture and its potential evolution 9 III CONCLUSION 10 IV REFERENCES 10 Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|38894866 I INTRODUCTION In one of the 20th century’s most influential books on fashion, Subculture: The Meaning of Style, the sociologist Dick Hebdige studied the punks, mods, and Teddy boys who hung around London in the 1960s and ’70s He posited that their funny haircuts and jarring clothing were in fact a form of political rebellion related to their status as young, white, and working class: The mods in their polished suiting Basically, Hebdige proposed that style is inherently political and that its ties to music make it that much more so That postmodernist, Marxist framework remains the dominant method of dissecting subcultural aesthetics today And what I have been talking about is E-girls, the categories of hip young people whose defining qualities are that they are hot and online This describes lots of people, of course, but while traditional influencers traffic in making their real lives seem as aspirational as possible, e-girls clout comes from their digital personas In this essay/presentation, we will explore the fascinating world of E-girl, examining their origins, style, and impact on popular culture By delving into the history and culture of this unique subculture, we can gain a deeper understanding of the ways in which young people are expressing themselves in the digital age II BODY CHAPTER 1: THE ORIGINS AND DEFINITION OF E-GIRLS 1.1 The historical and cultural origins of the E-girls subculture The first entry for "e-girl" on Urban Dictionary was posted in June 2009 and was originally defined as "A guy who pretends to be a girl on online communities or games for humor or sexual meetings Mainly 50-year-old perverts who still live with their parents.” It is rare and almost uncommon to spot an e-girl in the real world of her dominion is the internet Little is known of the true origin of the e-girl but like every person, she is a product of the evolution of many subcultures In the 1960s and 70s, we had the punks who were majorly situated in London and were formed as a political rebellion on status Later in the 80s to the 2000s were emos and goths mostly in America Across the world in the 90s and 2000, there was an emerging trend of the Harajuku girls made popular into the western culture by Gwen Stephani, theirs was an imitation of girls from Japanese anime All of this subculture is a result of a medium of influence where the punks had a political rebellion, the emos and goths, music and the Harajuku girls had anime The E-girl is an evolution of all this subculture medium of influence being the internet 1 Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|38894866 1.2 The meaning and definition of the term "E-girl" The term E-girl has been around since the late 2000s, but has evolved to have a different meaning over the years While it was originally a derogatory label for girls who engage in online activities, it now describes an entire subculture E-girl, an abbreviation of "electronic girl", is a subculture and stereotype of young women who are "online," meaning they are entrenched in internet culture, specifically the anime, gaming, K-Pop, cosplay, Discord, TikTok, and Twitch communities, although enjoying all of them is not necessary The E-Girl aesthetic is expressed by assuming a persona on a social media platform, with memes and video formulas The definition of E-Girl described young girls in unfavorable ways from 2013 through 2016 For now, e-girl might just be a synonym for being young, female, and very online, and therefore tied to whatever connotations those things hold But as long as there is an internet and people who use it, there will be e-girls - those who walk around masquerading as an average cool teen, yet whose digital selves reveal that they’re part of something much more complicated 1.3 The characteristics and traits commonly associated with E-girls What does an e-girl look like? An e-girl is commonly sporting: Dyed hair, heavy black eyeliner, pink blush on the nose and cheeks, and maybe some intense highlighter, jewelry, part anime-, part goth-inspired clothing, To draw from the most visible stereotypes, she will almost never be wearing her natural hair color (lime green, pink, or half-black, half-white hair are popular shades) and will almost certainly be wearing winged eyeliner Her clothes are either thrifted (probably from Depop, the app where Instagram influencers make money selling their stuff) or come from alternative-ish online fast fashion retailers like Dolls Kill, which describes itself as an “online boutique for misfits.” E-girl staples include mesh T-shirts, colorful hair clips, Sailor Moon skirts and O-ring collars There will be little bits of skate culture, hip-hop, anime, cosplay, BDSM, and goth that will jump out, if you can spot them In short, e-girls are what would happen if you shot a teenager through the internet and they came out the other side 2 Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|38894866 CHAPTER 2: TYPES OF E-GIRLS 2.1 Game e-girls A gamer girl is just like a male gamer or nerd, but female She enjoys spending time at home playing video games or watching movies or series Although there is no need to conform to any particular appearance, male gamers sometimes expect her to wear big glasses, short clothes, knee socks, and have a perfect face This is why they often treat her like a goddess when encountering her in the online gaming world Some girls, known as e- girls, take advantage of this stereotype by trying to fit this image in order to get more attention Unfortunately, this perpetuates the false idea of a gamer girl 2.2 Tik Tok e-girls TikTok brought about the rise of a new kind of e-girl in 2019 This teenager tries to be edgy and become TikTok-famous by posting videos on the app The e-girl's makeup is bold and colorful, with a lot of eyeliner, eyeshadow, and blush, and she may add fake freckles or draw cute shapes under her eyes Her hair can be dyed in bright colors, and she wears cute, girly outfits or something more revealing The e-girl might also take inspiration from anime characters, and there are two subtypes the VSCO girl and the soft girl 2.2.1 VSCO girl There are two subtypes of e-girls that have a specific visual and “aesthetic” differentiation: the VSCO girl and the soft girl A VSCO girl is defined as the girl you used to find on Tumblr She is named after the social media app, which is known for providing photo editing and a social media experience that is not based on likes and comments but also offers a space for hobby photography.When it comes to makeup, a VSCO girl prefers a fresh and dewy aesthetic over traditional makeup, like eyeliner, mascara, foundation, and lipstick, by using hydrating creams and facial sprays or neutral lip balms She prefers spending more money on skincare and less on makeup; sometimes she might claim to not wear any makeup at all Her nails are usually pastel-colored This girl likes to wear oversized t-shirts or sweatshirts combined with shorts When it comes to footwear she prefers Vans, Crocs, Birkenstocks, and other beach-related clothes Overall, e-girls have become a popular subculture among younger generations due to their unique style and digital persona They have gained a large following on social media platforms and continue to influence popular culture 3 Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|38894866 Even though VSCO girls are named after the app, nowadays they’re mostly known for the traits mentioned above 2.2.2 Soft girl A soft girl is a fashion trend inspired by the aesthetics of the 80s and 90s, particularly grunge Key traits are cuteness and a soft demeanor Pastel colors are a must-have in makeup or clothing Makeup includes pink or peach blush, white, pink, or peach highlighter and rouge, and lip gloss Accessories include colorful hair clips, barrettes and scrunchies, bandanas, headbands, and cute necklaces with clouds, angels, hearts, or fruits Plushies and emojis are also typically pastel-colored 2.3 Cosplayer & Anime E-girl Cosplay is the practice of dressing up and impersonating a fictional character, originating in Japan and now popular in the USA, Europe and all over Asia Characters are chosen from various media including anime, manga, video games, and books Cosplay is a portmanteau of "costume" and "play" It was coined by Nobuyuki Takahashi, founder of Studio Hard, a Japanese publishing house, after visiting a convention in Los Angeles in the 1980s A person who does cosplay is called a “cosplayer” Cosplay is a form of dressing up that involves enacting a character's role It requires detailed, unique costumes created from scratch, and takes planning and investment Cosplayers meet up at conventions to share their hard work and bring their favorite fictional characters to life Cosplaying can be turned into a career through sponsorships from social media platforms like YouTube and Instagram, or deals with gaming companies or textile manufacturers Cosplayers can also sell pictures or products E-girls may use cosplay to gain attention and show skin, with costumes ranging from cute to sexy to cool Anime e-girls is a fascinating and distinctive subgroup of the larger e-girl community These unique individuals draw inspiration from Japanese anime and manga culture, but they take it to the next level by fully embodying the style and philosophy of this dynamic art form They are addicted to watching anime and often say viral lines like “Ara ara”, “niconiconi”, “waku waku”, “na ni”, “kawaii” One of the defining features of anime e-girls is their striking and unconventional appearance, which often includes bright, colorful hair, bold makeup, and unique clothing and accessories These elements are all carefully chosen to create a look that is both visually stunning and highly individualistic 4 Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|38894866 In addition to their striking appearance, anime e-girls are also known for their strong presence on social media and streaming platforms They use these channels not only to connect with like-minded fans, but also to express themselves creatively and to build their digital personas This has allowed them to connect with a global audience and to influence popular culture in new and exciting ways Despite their relatively niche status, anime e-girls have managed to gain a large and devoted following among younger generations This is due in part to their unique style and digital persona, but also to the sense of community and empowerment that they provide to their fans Whether they are sharing their latest artistic creations online or connecting with fans in person, anime e-girls are an important and vibrant part of contemporary culture 2.4 Asian e-girl This type of e-girl is of Asian descent and can present herself in various ways Asian and especially Asian-American e-girls have gained popularity on the internet due to the rise of Asian cultures in the Western world Many Korean streamers have become particularly popular on Twitch People may watch them out of curiosity or for a change This is not about racism but rather about different tastes and experiences Growing up between two cultures adds a deeper and more interesting layer to a girl For example, a girl of Japanese origin who grew up with Japanese parents and speaks Japanese fluently may appear more authentic Some Asian girls may even fulfill certain stereotypes, making them more attractive to certain people Some e-girls may use their ethnicity to gain attention from a specific target group CHAPTER 3: THE IMPACT OF E-GIRL 3.1 The impact of E-girl on fashion and beauty trends 3.1.1 The positive impact E-girl wearing the e-look: hypersexual attire, bright coloured pigtails, pink blush on the nose and cheeks, tiny hearts under the eyes E-girls style gives everyone new choices in fashion instead of traditional clothing Everyone will have a variety of choices when choosing to clothe Since the late 2000s, e-girls have been a part of online gaming communities But, during the past two years, particularly following the pandemic, the aesthetic influenced by K-pop and skate culture has grown in popularity among young people, including musicians like Billie Eilish and Doja Cat, as a method to defy social 5 Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|38894866 media's idealized beauty standards (Brown & Fiore, 2019) Such is the surge in popularity that mesh T-shirts sold 20% more last year, while searches for skirts modeled by the anime series Sailor Moon rose 16% Dressing as an e-girl online feels more liberating than having long hair, flawless skin and perfect makeup For queer rights activist and YouTuber Nishtha Berry, 24, embracing the e-girl trend had more to do with “feeling connected” with herself She dresses in oversized sweaters, blazers, and shirts that she inspired by K-pop stars, accessorizing them with minimal makeup, spiky hair, and a single dangling earring “When I was a child, my mother used to make me wear skirts and dresses, and I always felt like a different person in them,” says Berry “Being an e-girl helps me express myself.” In addition, it has made her feel more at ease going outside She feels much safer in public, especially around guys, because people assume she is a boy, she claims E-girls wear accessories that are scaled-down versions of fetish gear, there is no other way to phrase it Leather harnesses and garters, which are frequently worn with miniskirts and knee- high stockings, are examples of this Choker necklaces worn by e-girls occasionally resemble dog collars like the one in the image above, albeit to a lesser extent Leather accessories used in the e-girl aesthetic and pastel goth fashion are influenced by lingerie and BDSM clothing (Spooner, 2004) 3.1.2 The negative impact The E-girl style has grown in popularity in recent years While the movement has been chastised for having a negative influence on fashion and beauty trends, it has also been lauded for encouraging excessive beauty standards The E-girl look encourages heavy makeup, dyed hair, and sexualized apparel, which can reinforce negative beauty standards and objectify women The E-girl fad can have a detrimental impact on self-esteem and body image by promoting unattainable beauty standards According to research, media portrayals of idealized beauty might contribute to poor body image and eating disorder symptoms (Perloff, 2014) The E-girl movement encourages the use of theatrical cosmetics, dyed hair, and sexualized apparel, which can reinforce damaging beauty standards and objectify women In young individuals, the pressure to comply with conventional beauty standards can lead to low self-esteem and a negative body image 6 Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|38894866 The E-girl movement has been chastised for homogenizing personal style and lacking in inventiveness Sarah Thornton (1995) contends in her research of subcultural style and identity that subcultures are developed via the expression of individual identity and revolt against mainstream culture The E-girl fad, on the other hand, has become so popular that it has virtually become a uniform, with many young people wearing the same cosmetics, hair, and clothing styles As a result, personal style may lack variation and distinctiveness, restricting creativity and self-expression Lastly, the E-girl trend's appropriation of alternative subcultures can be insulting to the original subcultures and weaken its significance and meaning According to a research conducted by Fenton in 2018, cultural appropriation can cause sentiments of anger and resentment among members of the appropriated culture E-girl fashion sometimes adopts features of gothic or punk subcultures, such as black apparel and studded belts, without recognizing its historical and cultural value This has the potential to dilute the meaning and relevance of these subcultures 3.2 The effects of the E-girl subculture on mental health 3.2.1 The positive effects The E-girl subculture allows young people to express themselves artistically and truthfully, which helps improve self-esteem and body image According to a Mental Health Foundation research, creative hobbies such as fashion and cosmetics help enhance mood, reduce anxiety and despair, and boost self-esteem (Mental Health Foundation, 2018) With her vivid makeup, vibrant hair, and unusual dress choices, the E-girl style allows young people to show their creativity and originality This can result in higher self-esteem and a good self-image The E-girl subculture also fosters a sense of belonging and community among young people According to research, social support and a sense of belonging might improve mental health (Baumeister & Leary, 1995) The E-girl subculture is well- represented online, with many young people communicating with one another on social media sites such as TikTok and Instagram This can give a sense of belonging and support, especially for young people who may feel excluded or alone in other aspects of their lives The E-girl subculture provides a secure area for young people to interact with others who share their interests and express themselves without fear of being judged 7 Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|38894866 Thirdly, the E-girl subculture encourages self-expression and creativity, which might benefit mental health Drawing, painting, and music, for example, have been demonstrated in studies to have a favorable influence on mental health by increasing relaxation and lowering stress (Stuckey & Nobel, 2010) The E-girl movement enables young people to express themselves artistically via fashion and cosmetics, which may also have a good impact on mental health 3.2.2 The negative effects While the E-girl subculture has been noted for its positive effects on mental health, it has also been criticized for its potential negative impact on the well-being of young people The emphasis on appearance and the pressure to conform to a certain aesthetic can lead to feelings of insecurity and low self-esteem A study by the American Psychological Association found that exposure to social media can have a negative impact on body image, particularly for young people who are more vulnerable to social comparison (Fardouly, Diedrichs, Vartanian, & Halliwell, 2015) The E-girl subculture, with its emphasis on unique fashion choices and bold makeup, may contribute to this pressure to conform to a certain idealized image Moreover, the E-girl trend can also promote unhealthy behaviors, such as excessive makeup use, lack of sleep, and unhealthy eating habits The pressure to maintain a certain appearance and keep up with the latest fashion and beauty trends can lead to the adoption of unhealthy habits that can negatively impact mental health A study by the Eating Disorders Association found that social media can contribute to the development of eating disorders and body dysmorphia (Eating Disorders Association, 2018) The E-girl subculture, with its emphasis on appearance and the pressure to conform to certain beauty standards, may contribute to the development of these harmful behaviors Finally, the E-girl subculture can also perpetuate negative stereotypes and stigmatization of mental health issues The use of terms like "crazy" and "insane" in the E- girl aesthetic can trivialize mental health issues and perpetuate harmful stereotypes Research has shown that stigma and discrimination surrounding mental health can have a negative impact on well-being and lead to a reluctance to seek help (Corrigan & Watson, 2007) The E-girl trend, with its potential to perpetuate negative stereotypes and stigma, 8 Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|38894866 may contribute to a culture that discourages seeking help and support for mental health issues 3.3 The influence of E-girls on online communities and the digital landscape 3.3.1 The positive influences The E-girls show a lifestyle that is not constrained or forced Unlike a certain cultural perspective, e-girls is a symbol of a breakaway culture, not confined to a certain framework There are no limits, as long as you are confident to step out of the stereotypes of society Because of the above characteristics, E-girl is very popular among teenagers on social networking platforms Many young people have become E-girls and E-boys to live up to their personalities The rise of virtual living opens up a world of freedom on the internet Today, most young people use social networks to exchange, meet and make friends Because the Internet has no physical limits, young people see the virtual world as a place for them to freely express themselves The e-girls want to be able to create their colorful virtual world, far from the actual frames It can be seen that, before the pressures of society, accompanied by the psychology of puberty, E-girl is an ideal style for the individual dreams of youth It's not exactly certain how many friendships come out of the E-Girl/Boy subculture, but through their posts on TikTok and Instagram, they share their personal knowledge of all kinds of trends with their followers and it seems possible that this community would have their own set of values to share 3.3.2 The negative influences In the beginning, the term E-girls did not originate from TikTok Before it became popular, it was ascribed to bad definitions, and used pejoratively According to Urban Dictionary, e-girls refer to flirtatious girls who specialize in flirting with gamers online With that imagination, e-girls becomes an evil thing in the eyes of parents As mentioned above, E-girls mainly appear on major social networking sites such as TikTok, Instagram, etc with the dizzying rate of change in technology today Bad people will be able to use your image to profit and cause affected on that image, thereby creating a bad influence on young people’s thoughts and actions on this issue 9 Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|38894866 E-girl can attract attention thanks to their different appearance Just add creative filters from Tik Tok and you can become completely famous E-girl can be a trendsetter, but can also become a laughing stock if they do too much The online presence of an e-girl is also what makes them targets of ridicule When a 17-year-old girl named Bianca Devins was murdered by a man she'd known from the gaming chat app Discord, much of the media attention was focused on her online life as an "e-girl" Devins was immediately the face of the supposed dangers of being a girl who had an alternative or prominent internet persona (in reality, like most women killed by men, the murderer was someone she knew; it's possible they were dating) Any girl, e-girls or otherwise, will face some degree of harassment online if they attempt to do anything interesting on the internet, and probably even if they don't Women who make money by gaming and cosplaying on Patreon and generally building a career out of e-girlhood say they regularly receive hateful comments, even when they get too much into the joke 3.4 The future of the E-girl subculture and its potential evolution On TikTok, videos tagged with #egirl have more than 1.4 billion views E-girls have established themselves with hundreds of thousands of followers, while others have capitalized solely on parodying the e-girl aesthetic Some trends only last a few weeks, a few months, or maybe even a year, while others seem to evolve and adapt with each new generation of youth as time moves forward However, it should be no surprise that this subculture has been around for much longer and still exists today, perhaps through the new E-boy and E-Girl phenomenon III CONCLUSION Being an e-girl means existing online and taking the Internet to express yourself This creates the micro-community’s homogenous culture - its style, talk, and normativity Because e-girls do this openly, embracing the derogatory meaning of the term, they are often misunderstood and an object of ridicule Indeed mockery, apart from the Internet girls' behavior, shapes their image However, e-girls have two identities In the offline world, they live a normal life, wear less make-up, and dress differently from their online persona Therefore, we can conclude that e-girls can easily embrace both online and offline life It is not only a trend to get famous, but also what people are interested in 10 Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|38894866 Any fashion style has its own distinct culture They can become fashion icons or simply become a part of a certain generation period, marking a new development in each person's thinking and style We cannot judge it as good or bad because everything has two sides to it The important thing is each person's own choice IV REFERENCES 1 Rebecca Jennings (Aug 1, 2019) E-girls and E-boys, explained Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/8/1/20748707/egirl-definition-what-is-an-eboy 2 Paige Leskins (Mar 9, 2020) Everything you need to know about e-girls and e-boys, teen gamers who have emerged as antithesis of Instagram influencers Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/e-girls-definition-tiktok-e-boys-anti-influencer- teen-gamers-2019-9 3 Voir Editorial Team (2020) The Rise of the E-Girl Retrieved from https://www.voirfashion.co.uk/post/the-rise-of-the-e-girl/ 4 What are egirls? https://egirl-reviews.com/what-are-e-girls/#Cosplayer 5 Brown, A S., & Fiore, A M (2019) Fashion on Instagram: A content analysis of fashion brands’ use of Instagram Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 23(4), 501-517 6 Spooner, C (2004) Fashioning Gothic Bodies Manchester University Press 7 Fenton, N (2018) Cultural Appropriation and the Arts In The Oxford Handbook of Dance and Ethnicity (pp 241-252) Oxford University Press 8 Mintel (2020) Social Media and Beauty Retrieved from https://reports.mintel.com/display/1014717/ 9 Perloff, R M (2014) Social media effects on young women’s body image concerns: Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research Sex Roles, 71(11-12), 363-377 10 Baumeister, R F., & Leary, M R (1995) The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation Psychological bulletin, 117(3), 497-529 11 Mental Health Foundation (2018) Creative activities can help people manage mental health problems Retrieved from https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/news/creative- activities-can-help-people-manage-mental-health-problems 11 Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|38894866 12 Stuckey, H L., & Nobel, J (2010) The connection between art, healing, and public health: A review of current literature American journal of public health, 100(2), 254- 263 13 Thornton, S (1995) Club cultures: Music, media, and subcultural capital John Wiley & Sons 14 Corrigan, P W., & Watson, A C (2007) The stigma of psychiatric disorders and the gender, ethnicity, and education of the perceiver Community Mental Health Journal, 43(5), 439-458 15 Eating Disorders Association (2018) The impact of social media on body image and eating disorders Retrieved from https://www.eatingdisorder.org/blog/2018/06/the- impact-of-social-media-on-body-image-and-eating-disorders/ 16 Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P C., Vartanian, L R., & Halliwell, E (2015) Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women's body image concerns and mood Body Image, 13, 38-45 17 Yoanna Manoilova (2020) Everything you need to know about E-girls Retrieved from https://www.diggitmagazine.com/articles/everything-you-need-know-about-e- girls?fbclid=IwAR01MCVVe5YntOfWOb_6d6Vq8wPQeqjwCtKhUmbN4US5FdM DRsYjoSWafOo 18 Paige Leskin (2020) Everything you need to know about e-girls and e-boys, teen gamers who have emerged as the antithesis of Instagram influencers Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/e-girls-definition-tiktok-e-boys-anti-influencer- teen-gamers-2019-9 12 Downloaded by Bach Van (bachvan11@gmail.com)