CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Topic and Context Technology takes the throne to help optimize human activities from life to study and work. Instead of before, we had to spend hours searching for information in the library, with todays technology, we can access a huge digital library in a short period of time with a centralized information flow. Similar to other industries and fields improved by technology, the journalism industry also benefits from this development. One of the technological inventions that greatly influenced journalistic production could not be ignored the presence of the smartphones. Later, the production of journalistic publications by phone was called with specific names Mobile Journalism or Mobile Media, Mobile Journalism MOJO, Mobile News. The definition of “Mobile journalism” is often understood in two ways: 1 making news by a smartphone, that is, a smartphone is a tool of production; 2 make news for mobile devices, smartphones are channels of information transmission for viewers. However, this dissertation will only focus on the production tool meaning of smart smartphones. In fact, the growth of smartphones in journalistic production was predicted decades ago. In 1990, American media scientist James Katz pointed out in a report that in the future in the media system, mobile journalism will become the most popular medium of communication. For more than 30 years, mobile journalism has been constantly evolving, proving this prediction to be true. With the first photo taken with a smartphone published in the New York Times USA in 2004, recording the signing ceremony of two phone companies is very simple, this has become a milestone marking the official birth of mobile journalism. As expected, the use of phones in the production of journalistic works is becoming more and more popular in the world in general and in Vietnam in particular. Globally, two famous TV channels which are BBC and CNN, have been successful in using smartphones footage to create television works. In difficult contexts such as inside a terrorist attack, natural disaster, unexpected events... smartphones play a very important role when in those cases, only smartphones can allow journalists to record expensive scenes. To demonstrate the importance of smartphones in journalistic production, one cannot fail to take the example of the London bombings of July 7, 2005. The bombing occurred underground, making access to the present day impossible. The field was very difficult, which made camera and shooting equipment could not get close to the scene. Within hours of the incident, the BBC received thousands of photographs, 4,000 text messages and 20,000 emails from the public. Or we can mention the terrorist incident on September 11, 2001 when the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York, USA were hit by two hijacked planes, causing heavy damage. Since before the two planes crashed into the tower one after another, many people have recorded images of the plane with strange movements and captured this terrifying moment. Until now, every year on September 11, the BBC will publish rare images of the old terrorist attack, recorded by witnesses at the scene. It can be seen that smartphones make a significant contribution and are really useful in the media industry, with valuable data and information coming from the use of smartphones. Currently, BBC is increasing the number of videos produced on smartphones because many of the content is gaining significant traffic. In Vietnam, journalism for mobile devices in Vietnam has been strategically developed for many years. Some television production units have broadcast works produced by reporters from smartphones, proving their preeminent advantages: helping reporters to be mobile and flexible while working; saving production costs, avoiding loss of specialized machinery; Bringing information about the press agency more effectively through the Internet and ensuring the safety of reporters while working. In addition, many seminars as well as courses are organized to help their reporters better adapt to the trends of the times and be ready to work anytime, anywhere. In fact, recent years in Vietnam have recorded a lot of changes in the use of smartphones in the production of journalistic works in general and television works in particular. Journalist Le Quoc Minh, editorinchief of Vietnamplus electronic newspaper, journalist Nguyen Duc Hoa, deputy director of Youth Department on VTV6 channel of Vietnam Television and other journalists and experts all affirmed: Mobile Journalism is a new trend. The most typical benefit of using smartphones in the production of works must be mentioned that, from a minimum team of 25 people to follow news, reporters in general can work independently for a period. Efficient way through successful application of smartphones in the working process. In Vietnam, the use of smartphones in the production of journalistic works is no longer strange to reporters and journalists in recent years. With the mobility and convenience of this device, making news is easier than ever. Currently, most reporters are equipped with basic knowledge and skills about using smartphones in both filming and editing. At the Academy of Journalism and Communication, students majoring in Journalism have access to the Mobile Journalism course, which helps to improve their understanding and skills in journalism by phone. For TV reporters, knowing how to use smartphones to produce works is paramount to ensure the speed of information transmission to viewers. In the past, it took a long time to make a television journalistic work and required a team of reporters, cameramen, editors, audio support... But now, a reporter and a phone Smart mobile has been able to produce a television works that guarantees broadcast quality. This saves a lot of production time, ensures the news reaches readers quickly, hot and ensures topicality. Especially during the time of the COVID19 epidemic raging in recent years, mobile journalism has become more popular than ever for reporters in general and television reporters in particular. With a limited number of people due to the social distancing order to ensure prevention and avoidance of the epidemic, it is difficult to bring a large team to get news and articles. With a smartphone, journalists and reporters can work alone while ensuring product quality, as well as keeping the community and themselves safe Convenient as it is, but there are still limitations in the use of phones in the production of journalistic works. In fact, because smartphones return lowquality images and recordings, reporters often limit the use of smartphones to the maximum extent during their work. If it is used, it will only be used in cases of reluctance, force majeure which cannot use any device other than the phone to record information at the scene as mentioned above. Thats why some reporters even think that the skill of using the phone in television works is not even that important. They believe that the events that must be recorded with a phone are often events with very high information content and are extremely unique, which must be recorded by any means. At this specific occasion, the audience will be interested in the content of the news, not simply the image and sound quality. But anyway, reporters must at least have basic skills to easily handle unexpected situations.
INTRODUCTION
Topic and Context
Technology takes the throne to help optimize human activities from life to study and work Instead of before, we had to spend hours searching for information in the library, with today's technology, we can access a huge digital library in a short period of time with a centralized information flow Similar to other industries and fields improved by technology, the journalism industry also benefits from this development.
One of the technological inventions that greatly influenced journalistic production could not be ignored the presence of the smartphones Later, the production of journalistic publications by phone was called with specific names
"Mobile Journalism" or "Mobile Media", "Mobile Journalism - MOJO", "Mobile News" The definition of “Mobile journalism” is often understood in two ways: 1/ making news by a smartphone, that is, a smartphone is a tool of production; 2/ make news for mobile devices, smartphones are channels of information transmission for viewers However, this dissertation will only focus on the production tool meaning of smart smartphones.
In fact, the growth of smartphones in journalistic production was predicted decades ago In 1990, American media scientist James Katz pointed out in a report that in the future in the media system, mobile journalism will become the most popular medium of communication For more than 30 years, mobile journalism has been constantly evolving, proving this prediction to be true With the first photo taken with a smartphone published in the New York Times - USA in 2004, recording the signing ceremony of two phone companies is very simple,this has become a milestone marking the official birth of mobile journalism.
As expected, the use of phones in the production of journalistic works is becoming more and more popular in the world in general and in Vietnam in particular Globally, two famous TV channels which are BBC and CNN, have been successful in using smartphones footage to create television works In difficult contexts such as inside a terrorist attack, natural disaster, unexpected events smartphones play a very important role when in those cases, only smartphones can allow journalists to record expensive scenes To demonstrate the importance of smartphones in journalistic production, one cannot fail to take the example of the London bombings of July 7, 2005 The bombing occurred underground, making access to the present day impossible The field was very difficult, which made camera and shooting equipment could not get close to the scene Within hours of the incident, the BBC received thousands of photographs, 4,000 text messages and 20,000 emails from the public
Or we can mention the terrorist incident on September 11, 2001 when the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York, USA were hit by two hijacked planes, causing heavy damage Since before the two planes crashed into the tower one after another, many people have recorded images of the plane with strange movements and captured this terrifying moment Until now, every year on September 11, the BBC will publish rare images of the old terrorist attack, recorded by witnesses at the scene It can be seen that smartphones make a significant contribution and are really useful in the media industry, with valuable data and information coming from the use of smartphones Currently, BBC is increasing the number of videos produced on smartphones because many of the content is gaining significant traffic.
In Vietnam, journalism for mobile devices in Vietnam has been strategically developed for many years Some television production units have broadcast works produced by reporters from smartphones, proving their preeminent advantages: helping reporters to be mobile and flexible while working; saving production costs, avoiding loss of specialized machinery; Bringing information about the press agency more effectively through the Internet and ensuring the safety of reporters while working In addition, many seminars as well as courses are organized to help their reporters better adapt to the trends of the times and be ready to work anytime, anywhere.
In fact, recent years in Vietnam have recorded a lot of changes in the use of smartphones in the production of journalistic works in general and television works in particular Journalist Le Quoc Minh, editor-in-chief of Vietnamplus electronic newspaper, journalist Nguyen Duc Hoa, deputy director of Youth Department on VTV6 channel of Vietnam Television and other journalists and experts all affirmed: "Mobile Journalism is a new trend".
The most typical benefit of using smartphones in the production of works must be mentioned that, from a minimum team of 2-5 people to follow news, reporters in general can work independently for a period Efficient way through successful application of smartphones in the working process In Vietnam, the use of smartphones in the production of journalistic works is no longer strange to reporters and journalists in recent years With the mobility and convenience of this device, making news is easier than ever Currently, most reporters are equipped with basic knowledge and skills about using smartphones in both filming and editing At the Academy of Journalism and Communication, students majoring in Journalism have access to the Mobile Journalism course, which helps to improve their understanding and skills in journalism by phone.
For TV reporters, knowing how to use smartphones to produce works is paramount to ensure the speed of information transmission to viewers In the past, it took a long time to make a television journalistic work and required a team of reporters, cameramen, editors, audio support But now, a reporter and a phone Smart mobile has been able to produce a television works that guarantees broadcast quality This saves a lot of production time, ensures the news reaches readers quickly, hot and ensures topicality.
Especially during the time of the COVID-19 epidemic raging in recent years, mobile journalism has become more popular than ever for reporters in general and television reporters in particular With a limited number of people due to the social distancing order to ensure prevention and avoidance of the epidemic, it is difficult to bring a large team to get news and articles With a smartphone, journalists and reporters can work alone while ensuring product quality, as well as keeping the community and themselves safe
Convenient as it is, but there are still limitations in the use of phones in the production of journalistic works In fact, because smartphones return low-quality images and recordings, reporters often limit the use of smartphones to the maximum extent during their work If it is used, it will only be used in cases of reluctance, force majeure which cannot use any device other than the phone to record information at the scene as mentioned above That's why some reporters even think that the skill of using the phone in television works is not even that important They believe that the events that must be recorded with a phone are often events with very high information content and are extremely unique, which must be recorded by any means At this specific occasion, the audience will be interested in the content of the news, not simply the image and sound quality.But anyway, reporters must at least have basic skills to easily handle unexpected situations.
Through the process of surveying the topic, it has been shown that the literature surrounding mobile journalism is quite numerous and detailed, but there is no in-depth research topic on skills in using smartphones in the production of works television products Relevant documents are limited, only sporadic personal opinions of experienced reporters drawn from the process of contacting and working with the characters Therefore, the study of this topic is urgent in the current context in Vietnam.
It seems easy, but producing TV works with smartphones actually requires a lot of attention With a subjective mindset, many TV reporters inadvertently make unnecessary phone operations, seriously affecting product quality In addition to showing the role of smartphones in the production of television works, the research topic will concretize the necessary skills in using the phone, draw out the skill requirements in the process of using smartphones Working telephone for television reporters In addition, reporters' ability to use equipment will be surveyed to answer 4 main questions:
- What skills do reporters pay the most attention to when producing television works using smartphones;
- Whether reporters are more confident in their skills in using smartphones or traditional equipment in production;
- Whether the journalist's professional knowledge of television works, mobile is guaranteed;
- During the COVID-19 pandemic, has the reporter's skill in using smartphones in the production of television works improved?
Focus and Scope
This research focuses on: The skill of using smartphones in producing television works of journalists nowadays.
The scope of this research is journalists and reporters at press agencies and television production units: VietNamNet Television Center, Vietnam Television VTV, VTC Digital Television.
The above agencies are all typical press agencies in Vietnam, have technology applications in the production of television works and are popular with the audience In addition, reporters and journalists at the above agencies are extremely dynamic and creative, capable of working independently effectively and quickly.
Objectives and Tasks
The research is conducted for the purpose of researching and systematizing the basic and core theories, contributing to clarifying the knowledge of skills in using smartphones in the production of television works. Through surveying the actual work of reporters, thereby proposing solutions to improve the skills of using smartphones in the production of television works to improve the quality of works for TV channels.
This research has 3 core tasks to complete and ensure compliance in the process of research and research.
Firstly, research, system, and clarify the concepts of skills in using smartphones in the production of television works; Roles and requirements for reporters working with smartphones.
Secondly, survey the current situation of television production skills by telephone of reporters and journalists The survey results provide specific data on the problems that reporters and journalists often encounter in the course of their work At the same time, it points out the achievements and limitation in the skills of using smartphones in producing TV journalism of journalists Furthermore, the research points out what need to be improved to achieve better results.
Thirdly, through theoretical research, survey of the current situation and analysis of the causes leading to the advantages and limitations, the topic proposes solutions and recommendations to improve skills in using smartphones in production televised works for reporters, journalists and press agencies At the same time, these will be useful suggestions for students majoring in TV journalism in particular.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Research status related to the topic
Through findings, the author of the scientific topic found that there were not many textbooks and scientific research works related to this topic.
Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Thi Truong Giang with the monograph book
"Press and multimedia", in chapter 2 "Development trends of journalism in the digital era" section Mobile journalism, author analyzed and researched on the trend that smartphones are becoming the basis of journalists' work and pointed out the advantages of working with mobile devices.
In the book "Journalism in a modern media environment" by Assoc Prof.
Dr Nguyen Thanh Loi, the author spent chapter 6 talking about journalism in the 4.0 era, in which the "Mobile journalism" part was written The author gives suggestions on how to take photos, how to shoot - edit videos properly - beautifully for journalistic works.
In the master's thesis "Skills of journalism with smartphones of Vietnamese journalists today" by author Bui Vo Minh Duc, he pointed out the effectiveness of using smartphones in the production process journalistic works, and at the same time point out the limitations in the skills of Vietnamese journalists and reporters However, the thesis does not specifically mention journalists and television reporters.
Similar to the master's thesis "Journalism's smartphones operation skills in the trend of media convergence" by author Tran Thi Kim Anh in chapter 1, it also affirms the convenience of smartphones The author also emphasizes that in the case of breaking news, the phone may not be modern, but has enough shooting, audio and video recording functions, it can still work to produce breaking news when the device is not available in time specialized profession.
In 2016, author Sajid Umair (Pakistan National University of Science and Technology) did a study on working with smartphones and concluded that mobile devices are a tool for news production allowing reporters and journalists to spread news anytime, anywhere Information is compiled from the study
"Mobile reporting and Journalism for Media Trends, News Transmission and its Authenticity".
The Reuters Institute research article "How smartphones are changing journalism practice in the 21st century" gives an overview of what to do when using the phone in the production of journalistic works Especially for television works, it is necessary to pay more attention to sound and image quality to satisfy viewers' needs and continue this production method in the future.
In the book "MOJO: Mobile Journalism in the Asian Region" by author Stephen Quinn published in 2011 again pointed out some limitations when using smartphones action when producing television journalistic works, typically on image quality, and clearly states that audiences are uncomfortable when viewing low-quality images In addition, the author gives advice on how reporters must understand the need mobile device to facilitate work.
In general, in these works and studies, the authors have not yet delved into the skills of using smartphones in the production of television news articles.Therefore, the topic of this dissertation will not overlap with related books and textbooks.
Theoretical basis
In the Vietnamese Great Dictionary by author Nguyen Nhu Y, the definition of journalist is defined as: "People who do professional journalist"
In the book “Journalism - Media Terminology”, a journalist is considered
"a person who works creatively, has relative independence, is staffed in a certain media agency or organization, as a be a professional reporter or editor” (Pham Thanh Hung, 2007).
In Vietnam, according to the title prescribed by the government:
“Journalist is a person with Vietnamese nationality and has a permanent address in Vietnam; have met the political and professional standards of journalism prescribed by the government, are working or working regularly with a Vietnamese press agency and are granted a journalist's card”.
According to author Le Thi Nha in the book “Journalist labor: Theory and basic skills”, the term journalist refers to "those who perform professional activities of a regular and professional nature in a press agency".
From the above theories, we can understand that journalists are those who are licensed to engage in journalistic activities Also regularly, actively and creatively working in professional mainstream press agencies as reporters or editors.
There are different definitions around the word “skill”.
First, "Skill is the ability to apply knowledge scientific knowledge into practice Each profession requires a different set of skills” (Nguyen Cao Cuong,
It also defined as: "Skill is the ability to apply knowledge gained in a certain field into practice" (Hoang Phe, 2000) The two definitions mentioned above both emphasize that skill is knowledge of an occupational field and skill is formed based on the practice of knowledge.
Each person can come up with a different “skill” definition based on personal and professional perspectives In the age of information explosion like today, the knowledge that people can gain is more and more But to do a job with specific results is not only knowledge is okay From knowing knowledge, to understanding and working professionally is a long process Therefore, skills become a necessary requirement in any job, showing a person's proficiency in that job or field.
In the thesis “The current professional skills of television reporters in Vietnam” by author Nguyen Thi Thuy Nga (defendant at the thesis grading committee of the Academy of Journalism and Propaganda in 2017) has drawn the definition: “Skill is the ability to flexibly apply specialized knowledge in practice to produce expected results” Here is a complete definition It can be said that people cannot passively apply theoretical knowledge to practice, but must choose according to the circumstances, each different situation will have different ways of applying it, thus creating a performance at work The progress of society and the development of science and technology requires higher and higher quality products Since then, improving skills is extremely necessary to bring efficiency at work and create quality products.
A smartphone is a telecommunications device that can be used in a large space, depending on the coverage area of the service provider The quality of the signal depends on the network equipment and partly the terrain where the device is used, but is rarely limited in space.
Not only calling, smartphones are equipped with countless other functions such as SMS, MMS, email, internet access via wi-fi or 3G/4G/5G, short-range wireless communication connection via infrared or Bluetooth, the functions of working, playing games, filming, taking photos, recording audio A high-end smartphone can even act as quickly as a computer, providing a complete and convenient experience for users.
Thanks to the continuous development of technology, on a small phone can be installed many different applications, depending on the purpose of use. Therefore, the phone has become an inseparable object for many people because it not only serves the purpose of communication, it is also a means of entertainment and communication According to a Hootsuite report on the digital world in 2020, there are 5.22 billion smartphones users in the world, equivalent to 66.6% of the world's population Just looking at the numbers above, we can see that the importance of smartphones in human life is extremely great.
Smartphones can do almost anything that a desktop computer (PC) or laptop can do, but in a more convenient, lightweight way Thanks to that, users can easily carry it with them to contact their loved ones, handle urgent work, take advantage of entertainment in their spare time, read news, listen to the radio to update information anytime, anywhere Thanks to this superiority of smartphones, the journalism industry has also continuously developed in recent years The working process of journalists and television reporters has become simpler and faster than ever With just a smartphone, you can both take pictures and record images with standard quality, and can record, edit, and crop on the spot.
Television works was born based on meeting the indispensable needs of people for information Based on the development of science and technology and increasingly improved facilities, radio communication has built a solid foothold, which is an indispensable form in mass communication.
From a technical perspective, Assoc Prof Dr Duong Xuan Son defines
“Television is a system of transmitting and receiving images and sounds by means of devices that transmit magnetic signals through cables, optical fibers and most importantly, electronic waves".
From the basic perspective of a journalistic work, in the textbook General journalistic work, the authors introduce the concept of journalistic work as follows: "Journal work is the product of the journalist's thinking, taking the momentary reality as the object of study and reflection, having a form corresponding to the content of information, published on the mass media and an integral part of the product press, has use value, creates (instant) public opinion and changes the behavior of information recipients, is protected by copyright law and is paid for”
Television works is also a small unit in journalistic work in general They are made up of two basic elements: image and sound Therefore, it is possible to define a television journalistic work as follows: "Television works is the synthesis of political and artistic elements on a technical basis".
From the above theories, we can simply understand, "television works" is journalistic products of all genres in the form of television works, bearing all the characteristics of the type, and are broadcast on television TV shows and is a part of a television program, which can be mentioned as: television news, television reportage, television interviews, television commentary, television talk shows, etc These works must reflect and bring the breath of political life, art from life on a technical basis From here we can also confirm, not every program that is broadcast is also called a television works.
To determine what is a television works, it is necessary to understand some basic characteristics of the type as follows:
Television works need to be new and hot The more unique it is, the more viewers it attracts Limit the use and re-editing of news articles from other agencies because it will reduce the novelty and creativity in the work Actively search for topics anywhere, anytime to keep up with the flow of events.
METHODOLOGY
Methodological approach
The dissertation is made based on the theory of journalism - media in general, television works in particular The author also studies documents related to the application of smartphones in the production of television works by reporters today.
After referring to previous studies on topics that are similar to this study,the author has drawn two main groups of research methods: main research methods and supplementary research methods.
Main research methods
Two main research methods were applied to answer the questions posed about the journalist's skills in producing media works by smartphones and to portrait the reality of using smartphones in TV production, which are through questionnaires and in-depth interviews.
Questionnaire is one of the first important methods chosen by the author because of its objectivity Many opinions will be recorded through the survey method and give the author the most overview of the problem posed in the topic.
The author built a 20-question questionnaire around clarifying the ability of reporters to use phones in television production today, and also took a survey about the use of smartphones in television works during the time of isolation due to the COVID-19 epidemic in Hanoi (from July 2021 to September 2021). Through the Google Form tool, the author of the topic distributed 100 survey questionnaires to 100 reporters of the following three television news agencies: VietNamNet Television Center, Vietnam Television VTV, and VTC Digital Television The questionnaire includes 11 multiple choice questions, 4 short questions and 3 evaluation questions on a 10-point scale.
The survey questions were built simply and clearly to focus on answering the four questions posed from the beginning:
- What skills do reporters pay the most attention to when producing television works using smartphones;
- Whether reporters are more confident in their skills in using smartphones or traditional equipment in production;
- Whether the journalist's professional knowledge of television works, mobile is guaranteed;
- During the COVID-19 pandemic, has the reporter's skill in using smartphones in the production of television works improved?
Through the form of data collection by questionnaire, the author has obtained the necessary results for the research topic Real numbers are recorded, thereby drawing a general assessment of the reporter's skills in using smartphones in the production of television works today.
At the same time, conducting in-depth interviews with 3 typical reporters from the above agencies to better understand the working process by smartphones of reporters today Particular attention will be paid to questions about the COVID-19 social distancing period to clearly see the flexible application of smartphones in the production of television journalistic works. From the exchanges with reporters, we will have a deeper insight into the problem and get useful advice on solutions to improve the skills of using smartphones in the production of journalistic television works nowadays
Besides the survey, the in-depth interview method was chosen as the second main research method because of its authenticity The advantage of this method is to collect information from the reporter's actual work, making the research topic much more vivid
Through in-depth interviews with 3 TV reporters from agencies: VietNamNet Television Center, Vietnam Television VTV and People's Police Television, the author obtained valuable career stories, objective assessments from industry insiders about the reporter's ability to use smartphones during the interview process production of works In addition, through in-depth interviews, recommendations and suggestions on improving journalists' skills in using smartphones for individuals and press agencies were also collected.
All in all, by collecting data from questionnaires and objective answers of
TV reporters, the problem posed in the dissertation is once again clarified and new evaluations are given to the topic At the same time increase the reliability of this research topic.
Supplementary research methods
Along with the questionnaire and in-depth interview methods, the author chose to combine several different methods to deeply research every single thing that is related to the topic There are 3 main methodologies will be use in this dissertation
Methods of researching secondary documents: Studying different books, texts, and theoretical documents, in order to discover trends, research schools of each author and from there to select information important for their research topic.
Statistical method: It is a tool to support the process of collecting and processing real and practical data on the current situation of using smartphones in the production of television works.
Synthetic method: From the results of document research and survey implementation, link each aspect and each piece of information to make objective assessments about the situation and ability to use smartphones of TV reporters Then, practical solutions to improve the skills of using smartphones are offered.
FINDINGS
Overview about the journalism agency participating in the survey
VietNamNet (abbreviated as VNN) is an online newspaper in Vietnam under the Ministry of Information and Communications of Vietnam The newspaper was granted the latest operating license on January 23, 2003 (license number: 27/GP-BVHTT) On March 21, 2008, the Prime Minister issued a written agreement to separate VietNamNet electronic newspapers into Software and Communication Company (VASC) at the request of VNPT On May 15,
2008, the Ministry of Information and Communications proposed to VNPT to separate VietNamNet from VNPT and fall under the Ministry of Information andCommunications.
The specific organizational structure includes: VietNamNet electronic newspaper, Vietnam Post publication; maintaining the current Infonet is the digital version of the publication of Vietnam Post under VietNamNet (new) Newspaper VietNamNet newspaper inherited all legal rights and obligations of Vietnam Post newspaper and VietNamNet electronic newspaper; responsible for receiving and handing over from 2 newspapers and maintaining stable news and article activities.
VietNamNet Television Center was born to serve the public's demand for watching television on smartphones and here produces news and articles for the
"VIDEO" section on the homepage of VietNamNet online newspaper There are many arrays that are extensively exploited in the form of television such as news, life, entertainment, travel, sports helping the audience easily choose the topics they want to follow The content deployed by the Television Center ensures all the requirements of a standard television works, both in terms of content and form, providing a complete "television" experience, not inferior to traditional television traditional shape.
Vietnam Television is a national television station under the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam The radio station has the task of
"propaganda of the Party's line, policies and laws of the State and the NationalAssembly, contributing to education, raising the people's intellectual level,serving the people's spiritual life" Currently, Vietnam Television Station has 11 broadcast channels and cable channels that are covered nationwide.
VTV has now covered many different platforms, broadcasting not only in Vietnam but also in countries such as Laos, China, Thailand and countries around the world via satellite and live viewing applications
Accompanying VTV's large number of channels are enthusiastic, creative and enthusiastic reporters and journalists Television reporters of VTV often have access to the latest technical equipment and are regularly updated on changes and new things in the journalism profession Therefore, at Vietnam Television, there are many good and new things tested by a team of progressive reporters.
Established in war, developed in peace, until now, VTV station has constantly innovated, following the trend of world journalism to increasingly improve the quality of products sent to television viewers One of the trends that VTV focuses on exploiting is the trend of making news by smartphones It is at VTV that there are excellent reporters who pioneered the use of smartphones to produce television news, such as investigative reporter Nguyen Truong Son
Here at VTV, refresher courses on TV production by smartphones are regularly organized by the Professional Training Center of Vietnam Television. The course was attended by a large number of reporters to study with domestic and foreign lecturers Well trained in skills, VTV's reporters proved to be very proficient in using smartphones to produce television works and can flexibly use skills in different situations
VTC Digital Television, also known as Vietnam Digital Television,abbreviated as VTC, is a member television station of the Voice of Vietnam(VOV) This is the first television station in Vietnam to broadcast digital television and terrestrial digital television Although VTC is not a national television station, it has nationwide coverage and performs propaganda functions in all economic, political and social aspects like a national television station.
Currently, VTC Digital Television has covered the whole territory of Vietnam and the whole world through most popular transmission and broadcasting infrastructure such as terrestrial television, digital satellite television, television cable and internet TV The station currently has 15 TV channels promoting self-production and co-production, including: VTC1, VTC2, VTC3, VTC4, VTC5, VTC6, VTC7, VTC8, VTC9, VTC10, VTC11, VTC12, VTC13, VTC14, VTC16.
It can be said that VTC is a TV station with a variety of broadcast content when it continuously launches new channels to serve all audiences from children to adults The content of channel exploitation of VTC station covers all aspects of life such as politics, society, culture, entertainment In terms of form, VTC is present on the Internet as an electronic online newspaper (VTC News) and separate Youtube channels such as VTC Now, VTC9, VTC10, VTC14 Helping the audience to freely choose the form and content to watch suitable for themselves.
In order to serve a large number of channels, VTC certainly has a strong, agile team of reporters who love their job and are always learning and innovating.Updating the trend of the global press, for reporters at VTC, the use of smartphones in production is not too strange Each reporter is equipped with a certain level of skill in producing television works with a smartphone, ensuring the proficiency to help reporters flexibly use the phone in certain situations without facing any obstacles.
Review about the survey results
Firstly, the most essential skill for a mobile reporter to produce television works is shown in the pie chart below.
It's not hard to see a huge divide between the skills that are deemed most important and those that are less important.
Figure 1 Skills that are important to journalist who use smartphones in TV production
Through the results from the pie chart above, it is easy to see that 61.7% of reporters think that the most important skill is filming and editing video skills. The next most important skill is recording skill, accounting for 15.3% of the survey results Then there is the photography and image editing skill with 10.3% of the votes Followed by short script writing and quick noting skills with 8.3% of people voted Skill in handling sensitive situations was voted by 3.4% of people In terms of knowledge, both journalistic knowledge and mobile device
Filming and video editing skills Voice and sounds recording skills
Photography and image editing skills
Script writing and quick noting skills
Information handling and solving sensitive situations skills
Have full knowledge about TV journalism
Have full knowledge about mobile devices
Interviewing skillsCommunication skills knowledge recorded only 0.3% of votes out of 100 results The skills with the lowest votes were interview skill and communication skill with only 0.2% each.
As expected, for a TV reporter, capturing sharp, realistic images and editing beautiful footage is still the most important thing for reporters “For me personally, the most important skill is the skill of recording and optimizing the function of the phone when producing television works Because a television works must have at least two things, image and sound, so first of all, it is necessary to have good recording skills such as knowing the angle of rotation, knowing how to use the parameters of the machine to capture the images sharp images, capturing valuable moments and fully conveying the content of the work. Accompanying that is optimizing the phone's functions such as using audio and video recording software to make the work more complete” [Appendix 4, pp.97-
Also, according to reporter Vu Thi Linh Trang at VNN, when it comes to producing television works, whether by phone or traditional specialized equipment, shooting and editing skills are still the most important Television works have strict standards for image output, so journalists and reporters must master filming and editing skills Especially with the limitations when using the phone such as difficult to record in low light conditions, unable to zoom in because of unable to zoom in because of broken focus, shaking when holding reporters must have good phone recording skills to overcome the above limitations For example, if the phone is shaken, the reporter can limit the panning, instead use static, wide-frame scenes to capture the whole moment In addition, it is possible to invest in more anti-vibration devices for phones such as gimbal or to buy modern phone devices equipped with relatively good anti- vibration features like smartphones of IPhone, Samsung… Smartphones are very good to use in case of recording hot news, so reporters need to pay attention to hone their shooting and editing skills to promptly produce quality articles for the audience.
In addition, the skill of using smartphones in the production of television works is especially important in the production of investigative reports During an investigation, it is not possible to bring cameras to a suspected negative facility to film their actions At this time, smartphones are very necessary, helping reporters to record scenes worthwhile for the work According to Mr. Truong Son – a reporter with countless investigative works, phones equipped with applications that record with hidden black screen can help reporters easily penetrate investigation facilities safely Even when suspected, it is difficult to be detected He also added that smartphones have a much better recording ability than most of the hidden cameras sold on the scene, so it's important to hone your skills in using smartphones for investigative journalism is absolutely necessary.
Working as an investigative reporter like Mr Truong Son, reporter at ANTV also shares her story: “I am now making content for the “Safe Living” section at ANTV which has investigative feature Due to its uniqueness, investigative TV works produced by smartphones are regularly approved and broadcast when meet all the requirements for content, images, sounds.
Furthermore, filming TV works by smartphones is also considered as very helpful while filming sport game A reporter at VNN shared her point of view:
“For example, at the 31st SEA Games this year, the phone promotes the best recording ability Because one of the features of sport is fast, everything that happens in a matter of seconds may not be able to catch up with a camcorder or camera But with shooting skills, reporters can quickly pull out their phones to capture brilliant moments, record events that happen suddenly, in a split second without getting shaky, and get themselves expensive footage, serving the public. hot articles.
I was on duty at the SEA Games event, so I witnessed a number of times other reporters also used their phones to filming One of the most mention moment is the proposal to the girlfriend of the gold medalist of the long jump athlete - Tien Trong At the time, I witnessed many reporters quickly took out their phones to record that moment That event was completely unexpected and no one knew in advance, so the fastest is still to take out your phone to record this precious moment.” [Appendix 3, pg.92]
Along with shooting skills is editing skills because in fact, if there are beautiful footage without the ability to edit smoothly and logically, they will not bring complete information to the television works On the contrary, if the footage is not quite visually attractive, it is possible to use post-editing to maximize the image quality, but it should also be noted that the clearer and sharper the image, the best editing can be Currently, with simple software on smartphones, the reporter's editing operation has been somewhat shortened compared to using software on computers But no matter how simple the progress is, a reporter must have the skills to create logic, coherence and know how to adjust accordingly Reporters should not use too many distracting effects, distracting the audience Also, do not adjust the color too much because it can reduce the image quality as well as reduce the realism of the movie.
Next, voice and sounds recording skills are equally important for reporters who use smartphones in the process of reporting television news Because besides the image, the sound is also an equally important factor No matter how beautiful the video image is, but the sound is not of good quality, the work may not be approved for posting Reporter at VNN recounted a memorable time when she encountered a problem with the recording file as follows: "Once, when I went to Hanoi from my hometown, I passed through Bao Son Paradise At that time, looking from the highway, the street was flooded, so I stopped the car and climbed down the highway then took my phone to record the whole scene Since it's bright in the morning, the video quality was pretty good, no problem. However, the interview recording file was unsatisfactory because at that time I did not have a mic with me, recorded with the phone's speakerphone causing a lot of noise such as the sound of the car, the wind… In the end, I couldn’t hear what the character said and had to remove all the recordings and built the news in another direction" [Appendix 3, pg.93]
Recording skills are very important, decisive to the quality of the whole work In order to avoid unfortunate situations when there is beautiful footage but the recording files cannot be used, the reporter needs to actively prepare an installed mic, a compact handheld mic to always be ready, in case they encounter hot news that need to be interviewed If you don't have a mic, try to invite the character into a quiet place to record the interview When recording environmental sounds, try to avoid places with too much mixed noise.
The skill of taking and editing photos is also one of the skills that many television reporters focus on because in television productions, illustrations are often used to supplement information for the work However, because of the characteristics of television works, video is still the main factor and image is only an additional factor, so in general, not too many reporters think that photography skills are important for television works But no matter what,reporters still have to ensure the quality of the images they take In terms of skills, taking and editing images is not too different from shooting and editing videos Reporters must have the skills to take clear, shake-free photos When editing photos, be careful not to edit too much, which will break the focus and lose the realism of the event that is being captured.
It is not too surprising that shorthand skills are also one of the skills noted by many reporters in the process of producing television works by smartphones. There is no denying the convenience of the phone in recording hot information. Compact, much more convenient than using a pen and notebook as usual, now just a phone can quickly cross out memorable main ideas about the hot event or phenomenon that just happened But taking notes effectively requires reporters to have for themselves logical arrangement skills and the ability to select information well Not all information is recorded on the phone because in fact, events often happen very quickly, just enough for us to rewrite some of the main ideas Reporters should use bullet points to hierarchical information, separate main ideas and sub-points to easily track what they have written, and avoid the case that they don't understand what they've written after reading it again.
Surprisingly, the skill of handling sensitive situations is not too important to everyone though this skill is essential There are many situations that can arise during the production of television works by smartphones Situation handling skills are quite important because risks can occur in any stage When shooting,editing, the most common problem is that the battery runs out Recording can face the problem of the scene being too noisy and not capturing the character's voice Taking notes may face the problem of being too brief to understand when reading… In general, there are many unfortunate situations that can happen.Cultivating skills to handle urgent situations is extremely necessary, requiring reporters to be sensitive, agile in all cases and to be extremely calm.
Reporter at ANTV shares her story about the time her phone was malfunctioning without her acknowledgement which gives us an expensive lesson – always double check your device: “That time was when I worked on food safety issues, specifically Chinese-origin confectionery that was rampant in the market Such newsletters require the use of devices such as hidden cameras or phones Before I started to receive news, I checked my phone to see the image quality and make sure the camera would record well during the whole process. Later, for some reason, the camera only rotated to half and then stopped, losing all the information behind It was only when I went to the pre-production editing agency that I found out Right after that, I had to find another place to catch the news and work almost all night Fortunately, after that, I posted it on time like nothing happened” [Appendix 4, pg.98]
She also shares that it is important to check if the camera’s quality, recording’s quality, file storage… are good to go Always make sure to understand your device, do not let the use of smartphones become a hindrance when working.
DISCUSSION
Achieved success
In this section, the author summarizes the positive points in the skill of using smartphones in the production of television works There are four notable highlights from the survey results and in-depth interviews with reporters
First of all, reporters have a good understanding of the hard skills that need the most attention in the production of television works by smartphones and are confident in their own skills.
Through the actual survey results, reporters have identified what are the important skills that need to be focused on in the process of using smartphones to work Experienced reporters all believe that with a television works, it is necessary to have enough beautiful images and clear sound Which means that shooting, editing and recording skills are very important These are all key skills that help reporters get beautiful, eye-catching works.
However, the skills of shooting, shooting, editing, and recording with phones need special notice because there are many limitations when using mobile devices For shooting and photography, reporters need to be skilled at holding the phone steady so that the image doesn't shake In addition, reporters should note that the phone's ability to record and take pictures in low light is very poor, so reporters need to observe and shoot in places with good lighting conditions, or actively prepare lighting equipment to make filming with a phone better.
For audio recording, reporters need to ensure that they have the ability to clearly record voice by phone Similar to shooting and taking pictures, the phone's recording ability is quite limited, since it is easy to mix noise and noise. Reporters need to have noise handling skills and cleverly choose a quiet place to record In addition, reporters should also actively prepare the accompanying mic devices compatible with the phone to get the best recording file.
In general, reporters are quite confident in their own hard skills and clearly understand what important skills are to focus on cultivating in the process of reporting Although smartphones still have certain limitations that hinder journalists from working, these limitations give reporters the opportunity to hone their skills.
Secondly, reporters’ knowledge of journalists, knowledge of mobile devices and soft skills of reporters are relatively good.
From the survey, it is clear that reporters' background knowledge about both television and mobile devices is quite good That means most reporters are capable of producing TV-standard works and operating on devices Having good background knowledge will help reporters not fall into the case of incorrect production of television works, making the whole process of filming, editing, recording… become useless.
Also, reporters are very clear about the requirements of a perfect TV work. The reporter at ANTV has pointed out several requirements as below:
“Before making a TV work, I personally make sure to answer these major questions:
Firstly, is the use of the telephone appropriate to the nature of the newsletter? For example, if with a program about history or sports news, travel, using a camcorder will be more suitable than a phone But for programs about investigative reporting, the phone will become a useful tool in the context of limited shooting equipment.
Secondly, is the quality of the phone in terms of picture, sound, capacity or other technical requirements is guaranteed to be maximum or not.
Thirdly, let’s consider about the convenience when using the device, here
I mean by not letting the use of the phone become a hindrance when working.
Finally, in the process of gathering information and producing that newsletter, it was necessary to consider whether a phone or a camera would be a better fit” [Appendix 4, pg.97]
In order to understand the equipment well, reporters themselves must understand very well the importance of this skill Although smartphones are easy to use, when used in the production of journalistic works, it is easy to encounter technical problems The reason is that when shooting, taking photos, editing, recording for a long time, the device will get hot and the battery will run out quickly The hotter the device, the slower the image processing speed and the phone will easily fall into a state of "freeze" which is unable to use Reporters need to understand the device well to know when to stop to let the phone rest, when to continue recording so as not to affect the quality of the news story as well as the durability of the device.
And finally, during the COVID-19 pandemic, reporters have flexibly used smartphones in the production of TV journalism Not letting the epidemic stop their work, reporters are constantly honing their smartphones skills to produce good and unique works for television audiences The skills of filming, shooting, editing, recording, and taking notes are constantly being cultivated by reporters through works related to frontline medical staff, fighting against epidemics.
Most especially, we note a new skill formed during the translation period - the skill of online interviewing by smartphones
It can be said that this is an extremely useful skill, even "saving" many news articles during the time of social distancing During the epidemic outbreak across the country in general and in Hanoi in particular, reporters faced many difficulties in accessing character interviews Characters often refuse to meet face-to-face for fear of cross-contamination, so a more optimal interviewing method is needed, deployed by skilled reporters The emergence of this type of interview is absolutely necessary and the skill of online interviewing by phone suddenly becomes an important skill for TV reporters
Thanks to online phone interviews, reporters can still collect objective sharing from interviewers to add credibility to their news and articles In short,online phone interviewing is a very good skill that every journalist should know how to exploit.
Noticeable limits
In the section, the author will point out what reporters have not been able to do to improve their own skills as well as point out some other issues drawn from the survey.
First and foremost, reporters' skills in using smartphones in the production of television works are not really unique
In addition to the basic skills accumulated from school and additional courses, reporters have not really found new and unique ways to improve their skills in using phones in production own television productions.
For example, just a simple operation when recording such as use the
"pause" button instead of "stop" to record a complete long double without dividing the clip into many separate parts, very few people know about it The author also did not think of this until the interview with reporter Truong Son - a veteran reporter of VTV24.
When the skill is only at the basic level, the journalist's job performance is not necessarily high Reporters need to constantly hone their new skills to find the optimal way in the production of television works The smartphones you hold in your hand is small, but has a lot of features to explore and apply to your work Be more creative and proactive to have your own, very effective ways of working.
Second, it is impossible not to mention that reporters underestimate the presence of background knowledge and soft skills
The survey shows that, although soft skills and background knowledge of reporters are self-assessed as quite good, if they receive little attention to improve regularly, it is very likely that these skills over time will become worse.
As repeated many times throughout the research, the background knowledge seems obvious, every reporter must know very important substance Without a good grasp of this knowledge, reporters can't even do journalism Reporters need to promote the knowledge of journalism and knowledge of equipment for their colleagues.
In addition, soft skills are also extremely important for TV reporters Like a hidden gem, soft skills are rarely mentioned directly, but everyone must have to be able to confidently complete hard skills smoothly The lack of important reviews makes the author worry that reporters will not focus on cultivating soft skills in the future, causing unnecessary interruptions in the production of works by phone.
Finally, no matter how good the phone production skills are, the reporter is still not as confident as when talking about the skill of using specialized equipment.
This is explained by the reporter's familiarity with the specialized equipment that has accompanied them for many years No matter how easy the phone is to use, a reporter's time using the phone in production is certainly not equal to when using specialized filming, photography, and recording equipment.
In addition, the fact that works produced by phone are not broadcast much,which partly makes reporters less likely to use phones during the production stages If used sparingly, the reporter's skills can hardly be improved quickly over time.
Solutions to enhance the skill of using smartphones in producing
Skill is not something that can be learned in an instant, but it is necessary for journalists and reporters to constantly hone in the course of their work to improve their phone skills Here are some suggestions on how reporters can improve their own skills when using smartphones to produce TV work.
First, journalists and reporters need to actively seek knowledge from many different sources, especially learning from experienced reporters to learn good tips.
Both reporter Linh Trang and reporter Truong Son believe that improving skills must come from each person Reporters must be progressive and willing to learn new things in order to accumulate many new things.
There are many sources for reporters to learn on their own, such as through professional books and research articles on television production skills by phone Or for easy tracking, reporters can automatically go to Google to search for methods that are right for them in a moment However, according to the author, learning directly from reporters is still the best way to hone your skills "Observations is the best teacher", seeing firsthand the working process of an experienced reporter will help open your eyes and learn more things from reality than just looking through books.
Pay attention to each way of holding the camera, how to communicate, how to handle situations of veteran reporters to draw experience for yourself. Don't be afraid to ask them about tips to remember about mobile devices and ask them for tips they often apply in their mobile productions Actively researching, regardless of the source, brings good results for reporters The reason is because when you find knowledge on your own, you will remember it longer than usual.
If you have to force it, you will have an anti-psychotic mentality and reject what you have learned.
Second, after you have knowledge, you have to practice a lot with the phone It is not necessary to film things that are too difficult, reporters just need to take turns practicing with easy scenes but fully simulate some difficult conditions that may be encountered in reality.
For example, practice keeping the camera steady by sitting on the back of a motorcycle and start recording all around It may sound silly, but in fact, this is a very good exercise for reporters to practice their ability to balance their phones.
Note that placing the phone horizontally in the middle of the palm, turning the hand and arm into a sturdy selfie stick This position can help reporters shoot without hand fatigue, as well as keep the phone steady in one position.
Or reporters can shoot the evening landscape to better understand the light capture ability of their phones This way, reporters will have a better understanding of the device's recording capabilities to avoid inappropriate lighting conditions In short, play with your phone a lot to understand all its pros and cons From there, develop the right skills to make the most of your personal cell phone.
Besides the above solutions, reporter Truong Son suggested to practice our skills in the production of television investigative works
He believes that an investigative journalistic work has many challenges for reporters when using a phone to record How to record discreetly, how to secretly film and still capture valuable images in a sharp way… Skill training for this type of work will help journalists improve way quicker and become more skilled because television investigative journalism gives reporters a lot of opportunities to use the phone Using a lot will help reporters break out more experience, helping reporters' skills become increasingly sharp He also said that he personally found that there were not too many skill requirements for reporters for ordinary television news Just make sure to shoot expensive, hot content and record it relatively well The work can be reviewed and broadcasted to the audience as soon as possible.
5.3.2 Solutions for TV journalism agencies
For press agencies, it is necessary to have successive policies to promote and encourage reporters to improve their skills in producing television news articles by smartphones However, in actual survey, agencies have not really focused on improving this skill for reporters Here are some suggestions on solutions for press agencies to refer to and apply to promote reporters to practice and improve their skills.
Currently, although the agencies have plans to develop the skills of television journalistic production by telephone for reporters, from surveys and in-depth interviews, it is shown that in reality, the stations are still quite sketchy in providing information on television and television news provide working equipment by phone There are also no appropriate courses for reporters, nor any form of encouragement for reporters to develop their ability to work by phone.
In order to have a team of talented reporters who know how to effectively use phones in the process of making television productions, broadcasters need to pay more attention to personnel Here are some ways suggested by the author.
First, agencies should create conditions for materials, equipment and software for reporters to freely develop skills
Currently, as reporter Linh Trang and reporter Truong Son said, there is no support policy in their offices regarding equipment and software for reporters. Slightly better, the reporter at ANTV said: "The agency has allocated a few smartphones but it is not enough for each person and the picture and sound quality of smartphones is still low This is also a limitation of most other agencies because most reporters will take the initiative to record their own phones rather than using the agency's devices” [Appendix 4, pg.100]
The reason is actually understandable because the press agencies have spent a lot of money to invest in high-end devices, there is no reason to have to continue to spend money on mobile devices anymore All mobile devices are purchased by reporters themselves to make their working process more convenient For reporters who can't afford to buy smartphones, it's very difficult for them to be able to produce works by phone, thereby making it difficult to improve their skills.
However, agencies may have a policy to partially support the cost of buying equipment for reporters, so that even reporters who do not have the conditions can buy themselves a basic smartphone, suitable for the job.
CONCLUSION
The dissertation was successfully completed when the 4 questions posed at the beginning were answered:
- What skills do reporters pay the most attention to when producing television works using smartphones;
- Whether reporters are more confident in their skills in using smartphones or traditional equipment in production;
- Whether the journalist's professional knowledge of television works, mobile devices are guaranteed;
- During the COVID-19 pandemic, has the reporter's skill in using smartphones in the production of television works improved?
By survey method by questionnaires and in-depth interviews, the author has collected the necessary information to answer the questions posed above with maximum accuracy.
The results show that hard skills such as filming, editing, taking photos, and recording are still the most concerned by reporters when working to ensure the best image and sound quality for the audience Reporters have equipped with the basic skills needed to be able to produce a complete television works using all smartphones.
Still asking about the skill of using smartphones in the production of television works, the reporter said that no matter how confident they are, their skills in using traditional devices are still better This is explained by the fact that reporters have long been used to using traditional equipment and tools, so they will definitely be more proficient when using the traditional devices rather than smartphones.
Besides mastering hard skills, reporters also proved to be very knowledgeable about television works and mobile devices as well as other soft skills With self-assessment questions of self-understanding, the scores in the survey were recorded at a fairly-good level which is also a fairly high and reassuring score.
Finally, through surveys and interviews, it is also possible to answer the question of whether reporters' skills have improved during the time of social distancing due to the epidemic The results show that there are 2 streams of opinions: there is improvement and no improvement Both have very compelling reasons, but it should be noted that thanks to this time, we have the ability to hone a new skill that is the skill of online interviewing via smartphone.
From the above results, the dissertation draws out the successes and limitations in the skills of using smartphones in the production of television works of current reporters.
About achievements, firstly, reporters have a good understanding of the hard skills that need the most attention in the production of television works by smartphones and are confident in their own skills.
Secondly, reporters’ knowledge of journalists, knowledge of mobile devices and soft skills of reporters are relatively good.
Thirdly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, reporters have flexibly used smartphones in the production of TV journalism
On the other hand, the limitations are listed as below:
First of all, reporters' skills in using smartphones in the production of television works are not really unique.
Second, it is impossible not to mention that reporters underestimate the presence of background knowledge and soft skills.
Finally, no matter how good the phone production skills are, the reporter is still not as confident as when talking about the skill of using specialized equipment.
In order to improve the existing limitations, the author gives suggestions on solutions for both individuals and TV journalism agencies that can help reporters' skills in using smartphones in the production of television works. increasing day by day.
As for reporters, first, they need to actively seek knowledge from many different sources, especially learning from experienced reporters to learn good tips
After having knowledge, you have to practice a lot with the phone, try to spend time on “playing” with your phone to become absolutely fluent with it.
Finally, it was suggested that reporters should practice their skills in the production of television investigative works.
As for TV journalism agencies, they should create conditions for materials, equipment and software for reporters to freely develop skills.
Also, the press agencies should open training courses on skills in using smartphones in the production of television works with more practical sessions and a systematic assessment of trainees' capacity.
Finally, broadcasters should facilitate the posting of products filmed by phone more in order to motivate reporters to continue to develop skills in using phones in their work.
At the end of the day, the whole survey result might not be fully reliable and the observation of the author on the data might not be as critical as expected. However, this dissertation has done its best to give out further information and data about the reality of the skill of using smartphones in producing TV journalism of journalist
Moreover, not only research in normal period of time, but also there is a section where the author did research during the social-distancing period due toCOVID-19 in Hanoi, which gives out multiple point of view to the topic and take a genuinely role in this whole dissertation.
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APPENDIX Appendix 1: Online survey questionnaire
In which unit are you working? VietNamNet TV Center
2 In your opinion, which of the following skills is most necessary
Filming and video editing skills in the process of producing television news articles by smartphones?
Voice and sounds recording skills
Photography and image editing skills
Script writing and quick noting skills
Have full knowledge about mobile devices
When recording, do you prefer using a smartphone or a professional camcorder?
When editing, do you prefer using mobile applications or computer software?
When taking pictures, do you prefer using a smartphone or a professional camera?
When recording, do you prefer using smartphones or a professional recorder?
Do you hesitate to interview when working with smartphones? (If yes, please state the reason)
8 Do you prefer to take notes, shorthand with smartphones or a
Traditional notebook and pen traditional notebook?
On a scale of 10, please rate your understanding of the type and genre of television journalism.
On a scale of 10, please rate your knowledge and ability to master mobile devices in the process of producing television news articles.
On a 10-point scale, rate your proficiency in using your smartphones production skills
How often do you use smartphones to produce television articles during the COVID-19 outbreak?
Do you think that producing TV works with smartphones is the best option in the context of social distancing due to COVID-19?
Do you think that the time of quarantine due to COVID-19 helps reporters' smartphones skills improve? Why?
At work, did you receive training on skills in using smartphones in the production of television and newspaper works?
16 At work, are you supported to equip a mobile device to receive
Short-answer. news articles? (Provide equipment or have a purchase price support policy)
What suggestions do you have to improve the reporter's skills in producing television articles with smartphones?
Appendix 2: In-depth interview with Mr Nguyen Truong Son – reporter at VTV24 News Center
1 Reporters, can you tell us about TV reporters, what are the requirements when working with smartphones?
In fact, working with a smartphone or working with a dedicated camera has the same basic requirements of producing a reportage or a television news
First is that the picture quality must meet broadcasting standards, second is that the sound received must also ensure the quality according to the standards of VTV, third is that the image content information must match the criteria of news articles laid out at first before production Those are the basic factors including: image quality, sound quality, content conveyed in news/reportage.
Smartphones do not have specific features like specialized machines For example, camcorders have zoom, pan, white balance In addition, smartphones often do not have tripods, and when filming, they are prone to shaking and unstable images The feature of recording in the field or interviewing also does not have a directional mic like in specialized machines, so there will be limitations
In order to improve the quality of the content, reporters will have to find a way to fix those disadvantages For example, when using a smartphone, you must choose locations with enough light to avoid noise in low light; have to find a way to stay steady or arm themselves with tripods to support smartphones if still shooting is required; or if you use panning zoom, you must practice those operations on your smartphones to avoid shaking.
In situation such as the traffic was severe and at the time, I don’t have specialized cameras nearby, so I could use my phone for quick action