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BANKING ACADEMY SUBJECT: MICROECONOMIC -🙞🙜🕮🙞🙜 - ANALYZE MEDICAL MASKS MARKET IN VIETNAM DURING CORONA PANDEMIC 2019-2021 Class : K25CLC-TCA Lecturer : Nguyen Thi Hoai Thu Group :1 Hà Nội, 11/2023 CONTRIBUTION TABLE STT Name MSV Đàm Khánh 25A4013048 Role Contributions Leader Director in chief Mark Member Research Linh Trần Thị 25A4010082 Thanh Mai (II)- Analyzing the market Vũ Minh Anh 25A4013009 Member Research (III) – Conclusion and recommendations Phạm Hoàng 25A4013111 Member Tuấn Research (II) – Analyzing the market Nguyễn Thu 25A4013105 Member Trang Lê (I) – Basic theories Anh 25A4013033 Member Powerpoint, 25A4013028 Member Research (II) – Hoàng Research Nguyễn editor in chief Trung Hiếu Analyzing the market Nguyễn Quang Minh 25A4013072 Member Research (II) – Analyzing market the FOREWORD Originating at the end of December 2019, with the first epidemic center in a city in central mainland China, COVID-19 became an infectious pandemic with extremely complex and unpredictable developments The pandemic has been taking place globally, affecting the lives of millions of people worldwide, shaking the global economy, and significantly impacting the world Only a month after the epidemic was discovered, in the face of complicated developments and a dizzying rate of spread, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global health emergency Not outside the influence, governments of countries worldwide, including Vietnam, have issued orders to protect people's health: restricting travel, using curfews, and implementing other measures to protect people's health quarantine, canceling crowded events, encouraging people to raise their awareness of disease prevention, wearing masks, etc Especially when COVID-19 is transmitted through the respiratory tract due to close contact, wearing a mask has become mandatory Masks have become a necessity whether during or after the pandemic, with an average price, suitable for consumers' income, along with functions to protect people's health In Vietnam, the Covid pandemic has helped people see the importance of using masks when going out, so regardless of age, masks are always a popular and used item by any age But will this habit of using masks still be maintained after the pandemic? After the pandemic, will masks still be an urgent item, and will its supply and demand remain as stable as when the pandemic was raging? Realizing the necessity of this issue, our team chose the topic "Analysis of the medical mask market in Vietnam in the period 2020 - 2021" to gain more insight through market analysis of medical masks in Vietnam TABLE OF CONTENT FOREWORD CHAPTER I: BASIC THEORIES……………………………………………………… Supply and Demand……………………………………………………………… Elements that affect supply………………………………………………………… Elements that affect demand……………………………………………………… How does the price market set? .8 Law of supply and demand………………………………………………………… CHAPTER II: ANALYZING THE MASKS MARKET IN VIETNAM DURING CORONA PANDEMIC 2020-2021……………………………………………………10 Analysis the masks price in Vietnam from 2020 to 2021………………………… 10 1.1 Overview masks market from 2020-2021………………………………… 1.2 Elements 10 that affect masks’ price………………………………………….13 Government policies that affect supply and demand of masks market…………… 17 How supply and demand affect the masks market……………………………… 19 CHAPTER III: POLICIES… 20 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON Research resources CHAPTER I: BASIC THEORIES Supply and Demand Supply of a product, good or service is the total quantity of goods or services that suppliers offer on the market, at different prices The supply level will correspond to price, production capacity and production costs In addition, supply also depends on factors such as: prices of input factors, tax policies, technology, number of manufacturers, and manufacturers' expectations of the market Demand is the total volume of goods or services that consumers need to buy corresponding to price and income Needs need to be distinguished from needs: Needs are desires and necessities, while demands must also meet the ability to pay The demand for goods depends on the price of goods, services, customers' income as well as expectations for the product It's important to note that while supply and demand is a useful model for understanding pricing, there are exceptions and other factors that can impact pricing and availability of goods and services These exceptions include factors like production costs, supply chain problems, and regulations In summary, supply and demand is a concept that describes the relationship between the quantity of a commodity or service producers are willing to sell and the quantity consumers are willing to buy at a given price It plays a crucial role in determining market conditions and pricing in a free market economy Elements that affect supply Supply is the amount of a good or service available in the market There are many factors that affect supply, including: Price: Price is an important factor affecting supply When prices increase, manufacturers and suppliers have an incentive to increase supply to take advantage of the Document continues below Discover more from:tế vi mô kinh eco07 Học viện Ngân hàng 233 documents Go to course Bài tập Kinh tế vi mô chương kinh tế vi mô 97% (38) kinh tế vi mô đề thi tự luận trắc… kinh tế vi mô 100% (13) Đề cương tập lớn 30 13 17 kinh tế vi mô 100% (12) Bài tập lớn môn kinh tế vi mô học viện… kinh tế vi mô 95% (21) Bai tap kinh te vi mo chuong kinh tế vi mô 100% (5) De so - Đề thi vi mô hvnh kinh tế vi 100% (5) opportunity to make higher profits Conversely, when prices fall, mô manufacturers may reduce supply to avoid losses Production costs: Production costs, including the cost of raw materials, labor, and other factors, also affect supply When production costs increase, manufacturers may reduce supply to minimize losses Conversely, when production costs decrease, manufacturers can increase supply to increase profits Economic and political factors: Economic and political factors can also affect supply For example, a stable economic situation and supportive government policies may motivate manufacturers and suppliers to increase supply Conversely, economic downturns or restrictive policies can reduce supply Changes in consumer demand: Changes in consumer demand can also affect supply If consumer demand increases, manufacturers and suppliers can increase supply to meet demand Conversely, if consumer demand decreases, supply may also decrease Changes in technology: Changes in technology can also affect supply New technology can increase production efficiency and reduce costs, thereby increasing supply On the contrary, if the technology is outdated or has problems, supply may decrease Inventory situation: Inventory situation can also affect supply If inventory is high, manufacturers can reduce supply to save costs and avoid losses Conversely, if inventories are low, manufacturers can increase supply to meet demand Changes in the natural environment: Changes in the natural environment, such as natural disasters, can also affect supply For example, an earthquake or a hurricane could reduce supply by destroying infrastructure or damaging crops However, it should be noted that supply and factors affecting supply have a complex relationship and can change over time and economic context Elements that affect demand Demand is the quantity of a good or service that consumers want to buy in a certain period of time, given their price and income Demand can represent consumer demand in the market There are many factors that influence demand, including: Income: Consumer income is an important factor affecting demand As income increases, consumers are able to buy more and thus demand increases Conversely, when income decreases, consumers may reduce their purchases and thus demand decreases Price: The price of a good or service also affects demand When prices increase, consumers may reduce their purchases and thus demand decreases Conversely, when prices fall, consumers may increase their purchases and thus demand increases Consumer preferences and trends: Consumer preferences and trends also affect demand If there is a change in preferences or consumption trends, demand for certain goods may increase or decrease Convenience and availability: Convenience and availability of a good or service can also influence demand If purchasing goods or using services is easy and convenient, demand may increase Conversely, if purchasing a product or using a service is difficult or inconvenient, demand may decrease Economic situation: General economic conditions can also affect demand During economic downturns, consumers may reduce their purchases and thus demand will decrease Conversely, during periods of economic growth, consumers may increase their purchases and thus demand increases Social and cultural factors: Social and cultural factors can also influence demand For example, changes in consumer habits, values and beliefs can affect demand However, it should be noted that demand and factors affecting demand have a complex relationship and can change over time and economic context How does the price market set? The price in a market is determined by the forces of supply and demand When the quantity of a product or service that suppliers are willing to offer matches the quantity that consumers are willing to purchase, it establishes an equilibrium price This equilibrium price is the market price at which transactions occur The market price is not set by a single entity or business Instead, it is influenced by various factors, including competition, production costs, consumer preferences, and market conditions Supply and Demand: The interaction between supply and demand is a key determinant of the market price When demand for a product or service increases, while supply remains constant, the price tends to rise Conversely, when supply exceeds demand, the price tends to decrease Competition: In a competitive market, businesses strive to attract customers by offering competitive prices The presence of multiple sellers and buyers in a market creates competition, which can influence the market price Businesses may adjust their prices to gain a competitive advantage and attract customers Production Costs: The cost of producing a product or service can also impact the market price Businesses need to set prices that cover their production costs and allow them to make a profit Consumer Preferences: Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for a product or service can influence the market price If consumers perceive a product as valuable or desirable, they may be willing to pay a higher price for it Market Conditions: Market conditions, such as economic factors, industry trends, and external events, can also affect the market price For example, changes in the cost of raw materials, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, or shifts in consumer demand can impact prices CHAPTER II: ANALYZING THE MASKS MARKET IN VIETNAM DURING CORONA PANDEMIC 2020-2021 Analysis the masks price in Vietnam from 2020 to 2021 a Overview masks’ market from 2020-2021 * In 2019 Before the pandemic, face masks were only used in healthcare centers The price of face masks remained stable at around 40,000 VND per box (50 face masks) for 4-layer masks and between 40,000 VND and 50,000 VND per box (50 pieces) for 5-layer masks Masks like M3 ranged from 9,000 VND to 10,000 VND per piece * In 2020 Late 2019 to January 2020 was the time when the COVID-19 was found out for the first time in China, many videos from China were spread, people became aware of this disease, especially when positive cases were discovered in Vietnam However, because the situation was controlled, mask consumption remains at the same level as in 2019 From January 2020 to March 2021, provinces and cities began to detect large-scale infections, the government began issuing official dispatches on social distancing according to Directive No 15/CT-TTg dated March 27 /2020 of the Prime Minister and social isolation according to Directive No 16/CT-TTg dated March 31, 2020 The demand for face masks surged dramatically while the supply remained unchanged The face mask market became scarce, causing prices to skyrocket quickly The price of masks continued to increase through February and March The reason for these price changes was reported to have an outbreak in the Nui Truc area At times, the prices of 4-layer and 5-layer face masks have reached 300,000-500,000 VND per box (50 pieces) According to an online survey conducted by Statista in February 2020, involving 672 participants regarding two typical types of mask in the Vietnamese market (Figure 3.1), the frequency of using medical masks reached 88% while the frequency of using cloth masks only reached 47% Because of the popularity of medical masks in the Vietnamese market, there was a shortage of goods, which at the same time pushed prices up very high In period April 2020 – 2021, prices of masks decreased and returned to a stable price level The government applied ceiling price and floor price for the mask market In addition, in the months of April, May, and June when the government enacted a social isolation order on the 15th On the first day of April, this announcement caused the number of buyers to begin to decline and because the situation of the epidemic in April, May, and June started to stabilize which made the price of medical masks to decrease to 50,000 per box (50 pieces) The price of masks did not change much in early July but in the last days of July and early August when the epidemic situation in Vietnam went complicated when positive case was found out in Da Nang, at the same time people also started to buy masks to store at home, causing the number of demand for mask suddenly increased, so the price of masks has been increased to 105,000-150,000 VND/box (50 pieces) for 4layer mask Mask prices in the following months until the end of 2020 always have a phenomenon of continuously reduced prices until the price of masks reached the lowest level in December The price of 4-layer masks at that time only ranged from 35,00060,000 VND/box (50 pieces) because the supply of Masks are abundant and the number of buyers is still large but has decreased compared to the end of July * In 2021 In the early days of January, the mask market hasn’t changed much and the price was always stable at around 40.000 to 45.000 VND per box Howener, by the end of January the price mask continued to be raised as Vietnam's epidemic situation began to change to turn negative because the outbreak in Hai Duong started from one exported laborer who tested positive upon entering Japan The epidemic is mainly concentrated in Hai Duong hotspot (726 cases, accounting for nearly 80% of the total number of cases) It led to the number of buyers to suddenly increase, which caused the price of masks to increase, ranging up to 150,000-290,000 VND/box (50 pieces) In February and March, although the demand for masks still increase, the price of masks tends follow a downward trend and the market stable began to settle, without the phenomenon of scarcity like the previous lock down While in April, the price of masks fell to the lowest point in the past years because of manufacturers had produced over needed, causing overcapacity and a lot of inventory In May, although there is still many domestically mask inventory, the price situation of medical masks is better and more stable Price list of 4.5-layer masks over the months Month Mask price 40,000-50,000 VND/box (50 pieces) 40,000-50,000 VND/box (50 pieces) 25,000-50,000 VND/box (50 pieces) 40,000-50,000 dong per box (50 pieces) In the following months of 2021, quantity demand remained high but production capacity was controlled in the country and remained at a stable level capable of providing enough for domestic consumers So the price of masks in the rest of 2021 was not too fluctuating with to 5-layer masks also keeping the price at 40,000-70,000 VND/box (50,000 VND/box As for high quality masks like 3M, the price was 15,000/piece From 2019-2021, the price of 4-layer masks fluctuates as follows: b Elements that affect masks’ price The price of a product is determined by the interaction of supply and demand in a market In the case of masks, the demand for them increased dramatically due to the COVID-19 pandemic, while the supply was limited by the production capacity, the availability of raw materials, and the distribution channels This created a situation of excess demand, where the quantity demanded exceeded the quantity supplied at the original price As a result, the price of masks rose to a new equilibrium level, where the quantity demanded and supplied were equal Some of the specific factors that influenced the demand and supply of masks are: Due to elements that affect the user's need of using the mask, there are factors First, the perceived necessity of masks as a protective measure against the virus This increased the willingness and ability of consumers to buy masks at any given price Secondly, the availability of substitutes for masks, such as cloth masks, face shields, or homemade masks This reduced the demand for surgical or N95 masks, as consumers could switch to cheaper or more accessible alternatives Thirdly, the expectations of consumers about the future availability and price of masks If consumers expected masks to become scarce or more expensive, they would buy more masks in the present, increasing the current demand Lastly, the income of consumers Masks are a normal good, meaning that the demand for them increases as income increases However, the income effect may be offset by the substitution effect, as consumers may choose to spend their income on other goods or services instead of masks Some specific factors that affect supply in the mask market are: The cost of production of masks, which includes the cost of raw materials, labor, machinery, and transportation The cost of production increased due to the shortage of raw materials, such as melt-blown fabric, the increase in wages, and the higher transportation fees The number of suppliers of masks, which depends on the entry and exit of firms in the market The number of suppliers increases as many firms switched to mask production to take advantage of the high profits, while some existing suppliers exited the market due to the lack of raw materials or the inability to meet the quality standards The government policies that affect the supply of masks, such as taxes, subsidies, regulations, or price controls The government policies varied across countries, but some common examples are: imposing export bans or quotas on masks, providing subsidies or incentives to mask producers, setting minimum quality standards or certifications for masks, or imposing price ceilings or floors on masks As the chart above shows the medical mask production in VN 2020 fluctuated In the first months, the production reached 320.74 million ( approximately 65 million per month ) However, there is a rocket in productivity when the number of the next months is always twice than the average of the first months The main reason for the surge in demand for masks is related to the Covid-19 pandemic The demand curve shifts right, so it makes the price increase But in December, the supply decreased from 173 to 70.86 million masks * This decrease is related to mass production So, the supply curve shifts right, it makes the price decrease Source: Statista The chart shows that mask demand in Vietnam peaked in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the country exported nearly 1.4 billion masks Demand has declined steadily since then, and is expected to reach 0.32 billion in 2023 The downward trend in mask demand is likely due to a number of factors, including: The waning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam The increasing availability of vaccines and other treatments for COVID-19 The government's relaxation of mask mandates Despite the decline in demand, Vietnam remains a major producer of masks The country's production capacity is much higher than domestic demand, and Vietnamese manufacturers are exporting masks to other countries It is possible that mask demand in Vietnam could increase again in the future if there is a new outbreak of a respiratory illness or if the government reinstates mask mandates However, for the foreseeable future, it is likely that mask demand will remain lower than it was during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic Government policies that affect supply and demand of masks market Due to the severe impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2021, the economic activities of each household have stagnated or decreased, causing revenue to be negatively affected while the need to spend on equipment Medical equipment and disease prevention equipment have increased again Therefore, the Government must set policies to support people and businesses through this pandemic as well as in the future Our country's businesses have imported raw materials to produce masks for people to use during the epidemic season All types of masks must be classified according to the standards of the Ministry of Health based on chapter II of Decree No 98/2021/ND-CP: Types of masks are classified depending on the risk level of each different case together In addition, based on Chapter III of Decree No 98/2021/ND-CP: Medical facilities must meet ISO 13485 standards, have records declaring eligibility for medical equipment and fully register all procedures Medical mask production facilities must meet the set criteria Before being distributed to the market, masks must be clinically tested to protect people's safety and comply with the provisions of chapter IV of Decree No 98/2021/ND-CP: Facilities The health care provider must prepare complete testing records, register products, and be responsible for the results and individuals participating in the research After successfully passing the clinical trial phase, businesses begin distributing masks to the consumer market According to Thanh Nien Newspaper on June 3, 2021, in Ho Chi Minh City there are currently 30 businesses making medical masks with a production capacity of about 12 - 13 million pieces/day, selling prices ranging from 25,000 - 56,000 VND /box of 50 pieces (4 layers with filter) Currently on the market there are standard masks such as: cloth masks, N95 masks, 3M masks, for people to use However, as the epidemic situation becomes more tense, the Government has decided to reduce taxes by an additional 5% from August 1, 2021 according to Circular No.14/2018/TT-BYT: Medical equipment belongs to the Government For imported masks, the Government has issued tax exemption regulations Because of this, more production facilities and more consumers have been stimulated, creating a balance of market supply and demand There are businesses that will take advantage of the Government's tax reduction to increase income, so the Government has set a policy to penalize violations according to Decree No.98/2020/ND-CP: Production facilities will be fined depending on different forms of violation When consumers have questions about how to use medical equipment, they can contact qualified medical services according to Section 1, Chapter VII of Decree No.98/2021/ND-CP: Private facilities Medical consultants must have sufficient specialized capacity and be qualified in consulting procedures and documents Information about medical masks must be accurate and meet standards according to Chapter IX of Decree No.98/2021/ND-CP: Information about medical equipment must be complete, accurate, easy to understand, and truthful -The Ministry of Health, along with other ministries, must properly carry out their responsibilities according to the Government's policy, Chapter XII of Decree No 98/2021/ND-CP : Ministries will have different responsibilities for managing exports Thanks to the Government's policies, the rights of consumers as well as production facilities are protected, leading to a balance of market supply and demand during an increasingly stressful and difficult epidemic period How supply and demand affect the masks market In the second half of 2019 to 2020, when the covid 19 epidemic broke out, the use of masks to prevent disease suddenly became popular, the supply and demand of masks from people in the world in general and Vietnam in particular increased , thereby greatly affecting the sales and production of masks: There are some good influence such as: Increased supply and demand has increased sales, requiring the establishment of many quality mask factories, but must have a government license.And stable productivity increased by 50%, using sets of ultrasound waves to make ear straps, the machine has a stable output of 80 - 90 pieces/minute For output of more than 100,000 pieces/day (In fact, old generation mask production machines running in factories have a maximum productivity of 50 pieces/minute) Beside that it’s still got bad influence like many mask production facilities with unknown origins and illegal mask production have appeared: In early 2021 in Quang Binh, an illegal mask production and import facility was discovered and arrested by the police Another example is accordingly, on February 25, 2020 alone, the Market Management force inspected and supervised: 81; number of cases handled: 12; Fine amount of 23,000,000 VND and temporary seizure of: 26,400 masks Cumulatively from January 31 to February 25, 2020, the number of inspection, supervision and handling cases by the Market Management force was 5,152 cases; The amount of fines for administrative violations is up to 1,514,530,000 VND It’s also The price of masks has been increased by many manufacturing facilities.And The quality of masks decreased significantly when supply and demand suddenly increased CHAPTER III: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON POLICIES The serious epidemic situation around February and March 2020 boosted the price of masks from 40,000 box to 300,000 - 500,000 box Then, along with the government's social distancing order, combined with an abundant supply of masks, the demand for masks was no longer as great as before, which also affected the supply of masks and helped stabilize prices when now the average price of box of 50 masks is only 50,000 / box However, mask prices were again pushed up at the end of July when mask prices were once again pushed up to 105,000-150,000 per box The sharp increase in mask supply has led to the scarcity of raw materials for mask production in our country when the epidemic situation is extremely complicated So why is there such a shortage of raw materials? According to information from the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the main types of raw materials for the production of medical masks are non-woven fabrics and antibacterial filters Vietnam currently has to import from China to about 70% of its antibacterial filters Most mask manufacturers in Vietnam use materials imported from China, but during the epidemic, all orders are suspended, so the market is temporarily "breaking" goods Talking to reporters of Lao Lao Newspaper, Mr Dao Ngoc Thu, representative of GoGreen Joint Stock Company - Golden Health mask brand (Ho Chi Minh City), said that each day the company only produces 25 boxes of medical masks, equivalent to 62,500 pieces This is not the maximum capacity because there is temporarily no source of raw materials for production "Normally, we buy about 70 percent of raw materials domestically, the remaining 30 percent are imported from abroad, mainly China It is expected that partners will quote higher prices than before and inevitably product prices are also higher" - Mr Thu stated the fact Not only that, the severe shortage of workers also leads to a situation where it is difficult to achieve the maximum capacity to supply masks to people "China has banned the export of both products and raw materials; South Korea and Japan are in short supply, with no supply for export; As for importing from Europe, the price is very high Many other countries also have raw materials but it is difficult for enterprises to access and if they can access them, the price is also very high," said a representative of the Ministry of Industry and Trade said that in case the epidemic spreads in countries with raw materials for mask production, the import will be more difficult The supply of high-priced raw materials has directly affected the cost of the product, pushing masks up to 105,000 - 150,000 box or at times, the price of masks up to 150,000 - 290,000 box when the epidemic situation becomes more serious, the demand of people spikes along with the habit of storing masks at home At the Standing Meeting of the Government in the afternoon of February 4, Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc asked the Ministry of Industry and Trade to coordinate with the Ministry of Health to urgently dismantle and have a plan to import raw materials and supply enough for mask production to serve people's needs The Government applied an expansionary monetary policy when Ms Vu Thi Mai - Deputy Minister of Finance proposed the Government to consider exempting import tax on items related to masks to encourage businesses and increase imports to serve domestic demand On the other hand, when the epidemic again became intense in late July and early August 2020, masks were padded up to nearly 200,000 / box People rushing to buy along with the habit of hoarding have caused masks to push up prices Using tight monetary policy, the Government has imposed high taxes to impose production activities with an appropriate supply, and at the same time applied list prices for mask products with an average price ranging from 40,000 - 70,000 VND box Thanks to the Government's policies along with recommendations from ministries, from May 2021 onwards, the supply and demand for masks have remained stable when at this time the production capacity can ensure the supply for consumers, so the price of medical masks has returned to 40,000 - 70,000 VND box RESEARCH RESOURCES Mankiw’s textbook – Principles of Microeconomics 3/2020 (pice’s first rise): https://moh.gov.vn/hoat-dong-cua-lanh-dao-bo/-/asset_publisher/TW6LTp1ZtwaN/ content/thu-tuong-chi-thi-cach-ly-toan-xa-hoi-tu-0-gio-1-4-tren-pham-vi-toan-quoc https://thanhnien.vn/toan-canh-3-giai-doan-dich-covid-19-tai-viet-nam-185944064.htm 7-8/2020 upward trend: https://nhandan.vn/khau-trang-y-te-lai-bi-thoi-gia-bo-y-te-yeu-cau-tang-cuong-thanhkiem-tra-post610541.html 1/2021 (First case of the new virus of covid) : https://tuoitre.vn/phat-hien-bien-the-moi-virus-corona-o-viet-nam20210102105041502.htm Statista: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1097298/vietnam-types-of-used-face-masks/ elements that affect masks price: https://vnexpress.net/cuo-c-chie-n-du-ng-sai-ve-gia-kha-u-trang-4050683.html government policies: https://vtv.vn/phap-luat/bat-co-so-san-xuat-hang-tram-nghin-khau-trang-trai-phep20220116094013013.htm https://baotainguyenmoitruong.vn/xu-ly-nghiem-sai-pham-tai-cac-co-so-san-xuat-khautrang-299558.html More from: kinh tế vi mô eco07 Học viện Ngân hàng 233 documents Go to course Bài tập Kinh tế vi mô chương kinh tế vi mô 97% (38) kinh tế vi mô đề thi tự luận trắc nghiệm kinh tế vi mô 100% (13) Đề cương tập lớn 30 13 kinh tế vi mô 100% (12) Bài tập lớn môn kinh tế vi mô học viện ngâ… kinh tế vi mô 95% (21) Recommended for you 16 Analysis OF Laptops Market kinh tế vi mô 100% (2) Chap2 Multiple 93 choice - BT Kinh tế vi… kinh tế vi mô 100% (1) Correctional Administration Criminology 96% (113) English - huhu 10 Led hiển thị 100% (3)