Market Leader 2 - Unit 2 Vocab docx

Academic Vocabulary set 02 – Unit 2 Word IPA Meaning and examples abrupt /əˈbrʌpt/ . Adj. using too few words when talking, in a way that seems rude and unfriendly: an abrupt manner/reply/ He is sometimes very abrupt with clients. abuse /əˈbjuːz/ v. 1. rude and offensive words said to another person: He had apparently experienced a lot of verbal abuse from his co-workers. 2. to use or treat someone or something wrongly or badly, especially in a way that is to your own advantage: Several of the children had been sexually/physically/emotionally abused. acupuncture /ˈæk.jʊ.pʌŋk.tʃəʳ n. a treatment for pain and illness in which thin needles are positioned just under the surface of the skin at special nerve centres around the body acquire /əˈkwaɪ.rəʳ/ v. to gain sth by your own efforts, ability or behaviour: She has acquired a good knowledge of English admission /ədˈmɪʃ. ə n/ n. when someone is given permission to enter a place, or the money that you pay to enter a place: Admission to the exhibition will be by invitation only aid /eɪd/ n. a piece of equipment that helps you to do something: teaching aids, such as books and videos admit /ədˈmɪt/ v. to agree that something is true, especially unwillingly: He admitted his guilt/mistake. [+ (that)] She admitted (that) she had made a mistake. adolescent /ˌæd.əˈles. ə nt/ n. a young person who is developing into an adult: a young person who is developing into an adult affect /əˈfekt/ to have an influence on someone or something, or to cause them to change: Both buildings were badly affected by the fire. alternative /ɒlˈtɜː.nə.tɪv Adj. something that is different from something else, especially from what is usual, and offering the possibility of choice: There must be an alternative to people sleeping on the streets anti-social /ˌæn.tiˈsəʊ.ʃ ə l/ adj. harmful to society: anti-social behaviour Increasingly, smoking is regarded as an anti-social habit. 2 tending to avoid spending time with other people: I hope they won't think I'm anti-social if I don't join them in the bar appetite /ˈæp.ɪ.taɪt/ n. a desire for food: All that walking has given me an appetite. anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.ə.ti/ n. an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry about something that is happening or might happen in the future: Children normally feel a lot of anxiety about their first day at school. awareness /əˈweə.nəs/ n. consciousness: Public awareness of the problem will make politicians take it seriously. ban v & n to decide or say officially that sth is not allowed, to forbid, especially officially: The film was banned in several countries behavior /bɪˈheɪ.vjəʳ/ n. the way that sb behaves, especially towards other people bully / ˈbʊl.i/ v. to hurt or frighten someone who is smaller or less powerful than you, often forcing them to do something they do not want to do: Our survey indicates that one in four children is bullied at school. Bullying is a problem in many schools. campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ n. a planned group of especially political, business or military activities which are intended to achieve a particular aim: The protests were part of their campaign against the proposed building development in the area. celebrity /sɪˈleb.rɪ.ti/ n.someone who is famous, especially in the entertainment business charity /ˈtʃær.ɪ.ti/ n. a system of giving money, food or help free to those who are in need because they are ill, poor or homeless, or any organization which is established to provide money or help in this way: She does a lot of work for charity communist /ˈkɒm.jʊ.nɪst/ n. người cộng sản conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v &n. to behave in a particular way, especially in a public or a formal situation, or to organize the way in which you live in a particular way: How should I conduct myself at these dinners? I know nothing about etiquette. considerable /kənˈsɪd. ə r.ə.bļ adj. large or of noticeable importance: The fire caused considerable damage to the church. consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃ ə n/ n. the amount used or eaten: As a nation, our consumption of junk food is horrifying counsel /ˈkaʊnt.s ə l/ v. to give advice, especially on social or personal problems: The police have provided experts to counsel local people affected by the tragedy counterpart /ˈkaʊn.tə.pɑːt/ n. a person or thing which has the same purpose as another one in a different place or organization: The Prime Minister is to meet his European counterparts to discuss the war against drugs. cure /kjʊəʳ/ n.& v. something that makes someone with an illness healthy again: There's still no cure for cancer crave /kreɪv/ v. to have a very strong desire for sth: Many young children crave attention. crafty /ˈkrɑːf.ti/ Adj. clever, especially in a dishonest or secretive way: I've had a crafty idea for getting round the regulations determine /dɪˈtɜː.mɪn/ v. to control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen: The number of staff we can take on will be determined by how much money we're allowed to spend. determined /dɪˈtɜː.mɪnd adj. wanting to do something very much and not letting anyone or any difficulties stop you: [+ to infinitive] I'm determined to get this piece of work finished today. She's sure to get the job she wants - she's a very determined person. discourteous /dɪˈskɜː.ti.əs/ Adj. rude and not considering other people's feelings; not polite: According to the customer survey, 6% said employees were unhelpful and discourteous. dumb /dʌm/ Adj. stupid and annoying: Are they brave or just dumb? eccentric /ekˈsen.trɪk/ Adj. strange or unusual, sometimes in an amusing way: eccentric behaviour embarrassed /ɪmˈbær.əs/ Adj. feeling ashamed or shy [+ to infinitive] I was too embarrassed to admit that I was scared. enrolment /ɪnˈrəʊl.mənt/ n. registration, signing up; amount of people registered: Fees must be paid in full at the time of enrolment failure /ˈfei.ljəʳ/ when something does not work, or stops working as well as it should: The accident was caused by the failure of the reactor's cooling system. / The number of business failures rose steeply last year. fluctuate /ˈflʌk.tju.eɪt/ v. to change or vary, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another: Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season former /ˈfɔː.məʳ/ Adj. of or in an earlier time; before the present time or in the past: his former wife generation /ˌdʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃ ə n n. all the people of about the same age within a society or within a particular family: The younger generation smokes less than their parents did. impact n. & v. a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on a situation or person: The anti-smoking campaign had had/made quite an impact on young people inhale /ɪnˈheɪl/ v. to breathe air, smoke, or gas into your lungs: She flung open the window and inhaled deeply. internal /ɪnˈtɜː.nəl/ Adj. existing or happening inside a person, object, organization, place or country: He sustained injuries to his arms, legs and several internal organs. intrigue /ɪnˈtriːg/ v. to interest someone a lot, especially by being strange, unusual or mysterious: Throughout history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe. involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ v. to include someone or something in something, or to make them take part in or feel part of it: It would be difficult not to involve the child's father in the arrangements. league /liːg/ n. group of people (or parties, countries, etc.) who have joined together for a particular purpose, association, confederation, union, alliance; group of athletic teams; unit of distance level off If a rate or amount levels off, it stops rising or falling and stays at the same level: Unemployment rose to 10% and then levelled off. massive /ˈmæs.ɪv/ Adj. very large in size, amount or number: She died after taking a massive overdose of drugs. measure /ˈmeʒ.əʳ/ v. &n. to judge the quality, effect, importance, or value of something: There is no way of measuring the damage done to morale. mental /ˈmen.t ə l/ Adj. relating to the mind, or involving the process of thinking: His physical and mental health had got worse. peer /pɪəʳ/ n. a person who is the same age or has the same social position or the same abilities as other people in a group: Do you think it's true that teenage girls are less self-confident than their male peers? permissive /pəˈmɪs.ɪv/ Adj. A person or society that is permissive allows behaviour which other people might disapprove of: It's a very permissive school where the children are allowed to do whatever they like. perpetuate /pəˈpetʃ.u.eɪt/ v. to cause something to continue: Increasing the supply of weapons will only perpetuate the violence and anarchy. physical /ˈfɪz.ɪ.k ə l/ Adj. relating to things you can see or touch, or relating to the laws of nature: the physical world plummet /ˈplʌm.ɪt/ v. to fall very quickly and suddenly: House prices have plummeted in recent months. plunge /plʌndʒ/ v. to (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down or into something: Our income has plunged dramatically. policy /ˈpɒl.ə.si/ n. (on sth) ) a plan of action agreed or chosen by a political party, a business, etc.: the present government’s policy on education portray /pɔːˈtreɪ/ v. to represent or describe someone or something in a painting, film, book or other artistic work: The painting portrays a beautiful young woman in a blue dress. prescription /prɪˈskrɪp.ʃ ə n/ n. a piece of paper on which a doctor writes the details of the medicine or drugs that someone needs: a doctor's prescription pressure /ˈpreʃ.əʳ/ n. when someone tries to make someone else do something by arguing, persuading, etc: public/political pressure/ Teachers are under increasing pressure to work longer hours. puzzled /ˈpʌz.ļd/ Adj. confused because you do not understand something: He had a puzzled look on his face. regional /ˈriː.dʒ ə n. ə l/ Adj. relating to or coming from a particular part of a country: a regional accent/dialect/newspaper reluctance /rɪˈlʌk.t ə nts/ n. an unwillingness to do something: [+ to v] Her reluctance to talk to the press was quite understandable. reverse /rɪˈvɜːs/ v. go backwards, or to change the direction, order, position, result, etc. of something to its opposite: The new manager hoped to reverse the decline in the company's fortunes satisfaction /ˌsæt.ɪs ˈfæk.ʃ ə n/ n. pleasant feeling which you get when you receive something you wanted, or when you have done something you wanted to do: She looked at the finished painting with satisfaction. She derived/obtained great satisfaction from/out of helping other people. sensible /ˈsent.sɪ.bļ/ Adj. having an awareness or understanding of a situation: He did not appear to be sensible of the difficulties that lay ahead. shrewd /ʃruːd/ Adj. possessing or based on a clear understanding and good judgment of a situation, resulting in an advantage: [+ to infinitive] He was shrewd enough not to take the job when there was the possibility of getting a better one a few months later snapshot /ˈsnæp.ʃɒt/ a photograph spread /spred/ v & n. to (cause to) cover, reach or have an effect on a wider or increasing area: The fire spread very rapidly because of the strong wind stabilize /ˈsteɪ.bɪ.laɪz/ v. If something stabilizes, it becomes fixed or stops changing: He suffered a second heart attack two days ago but his condition has now stabilized. severe /sɪˈvɪəʳ/ Adj. causing very great pain, difficulty, anxiety, damage, etc.; very serious: This is a school for children with severe learning difficulties. In parts of Africa there is a severe food/water shortage. treatment /ˈtriːt.mənt/ n. something that is done to cure an illness or injury, or to make sb look and feel good: There are various treatments available for this condition. struggle /ˈstrʌg.ļ/ to use a lot of effort to defeat someone, prevent something, or achieve something: For years she struggled with/against the establishment to get her theories accepted. substantial /səbˈstæn.ʃ ə l/ adj. large in size, value or importance: The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women. therapy /ˈθer.ə.pi/ n. a treatment which helps someone feel better, grow stronger, etc., especially after an illness: Joining a club can be a therapy for loneliness. toxin /ˈtɒk.sɪn n. a poisonous substance, especially one which is produced by bacteria and which causes disease tackle /ˈtæk.ļ/ to try to deal with something or someone: There are many ways of tackling this problem. trustworthy /ˈtrʌstˌwɜː.ði/ adj. able to be trusted urge /ɜːdʒ/ n. a strong desire, especially one which is difficult or impossible to control [+ to infinitive] The urge to steal is very strong in many of the young men we look after here. undoubtedly /ʌnˈdaʊ.tɪd.li/ Adv. certainly, unquestionably, without doubt : She was undoubtedly the best candidate. variation /ˌveə.riˈeɪ.ʃ ə n/ n. change in amount or level: Unemployment rates among white-collar workers show much less regional variation than corresponding rates among blue-collar workers. vital /ˈvaɪ.t ə l/ Adj. necessary for the success or continued existence of something; extremely important: She had found out some information of vital importance. well-being /ˌwelˈbiː.ɪŋ/ n. the state of feeling healthy and happy: People doing yoga benefit from an increased feeling of well-being. worse off (op. better off) to be poorer or in a more difficult situation: If Rick loses his job we'll be even worse off. willpower /ˈwɪl.paʊəʳ/ n. the ability to control your own thoughts and the way in which you behave; determination: It took a lot of willpower to stay calm. withdrawal symptoms / /wɪðˈdrɔː. ə l ˈsɪmp.təm/ NP. the unpleasant physical and mental effects which result when you stop doing or taking something, especially a drug, which has become a habit: He was suffering from all the classic withdrawal symptoms associated with giving up heroin - inability to sleep, anxiety, sweating and fever. Collocations and expressions Explanation and Examples stay focused Giữ tập trung take one’s mind off sth Stop thinking about sb/sth I follow my between point routines as they help to keep me focused and take my mind off any distractions that might be around me. be based on sth on the basis of, on the foundation of, dependent upon take up a hobby Start a hobby He took up golf when he was a kid. keep sb on track Keep making progress and likely to succeed Of course this method does not work for everyone, but there are other ways to keep you on track. get tough become difficult She attributes her success to her parents and to the fact that she just didn't give up when things got tough. alternative therapy Liệu pháp thay thế (không dùng tân dược) Some people wish to attack cancer with alternative therapy rather than conventional medical therapy. put on weight gain weight < > lose weight He has put on a lot of weight since he stopped going to the gym. calm sb down to stop feeling upset, angry or excited, or to stop someone feeling this way: She sat down and took a few deep breaths to calm herself down. no matter what at any cost, come what may, regardless of what may happen Everybody can blame me but no matter what they say, I'm still me because I love myself. stick to smth to continue doing sth despite difficulties : She finds it impossible to stick to a diet. depend on smth rely on: (phụ thuộc vào) Effectiveness of the training method depends on the aptitudes of the learners. for good forever, permanently (mãi mãi, vĩnh viễn): By using these techniques, you can make it easier and then can celebrate your accomplishments when you finally succeed at kicking the bad habit for good. . Academic Vocabulary set 02 – Unit 2 Word IPA Meaning and examples abrupt /əˈbrʌpt/ . Adj. using too few words when talking,. sleeping on the streets anti-social /ˌæn.tiˈsəʊ.ʃ ə l/ adj. harmful to society: anti-social behaviour Increasingly, smoking is regarded as an anti-social habit. 2 tending to avoid spending time. words said to another person: He had apparently experienced a lot of verbal abuse from his co-workers. 2. to use or treat someone or something wrongly or badly, especially in a way that is to your