to use or treat someone or something wrongly or badly, especially in a way that is to your own advantage: Several of the children had been sexually/physically/emotionally abused.. someth
Trang 1Academic Vocabulary set 02 – Unit 2
abrupt /əˈbrʌpt/ Adj using too few words when talking, in a way that seems rude and unfriendly:an abrupt manner/reply/ He is sometimes very abrupt with clients.
abuse /əˈbjuːz/ v 1 rude and offensive words said to another person:
He had apparently experienced a lot of verbal abuse from his co-workers.
2 to use or treat someone or something wrongly or badly, especially in a way that is to your own
advantage: Several of the children had been sexually/physically/emotionally abused.
acupuncture /ˈæk.jʊ.pʌŋk.tʃəʳ n a treatment for pain and illness in which thin needles are positioned just under the surface of
the skin at special nerve centres around the body
acquire /əˈkwaɪ.rəʳ/ v to gain sth by your own efforts, ability or behaviour: She has acquired a good knowledge of
English
admission /ədˈmɪʃ.ən/ n when someone is given permission to enter a place, or the money that you pay to enter a place:
Admission to the exhibition will be by invitation only
aid /eɪd/ n a piece of equipment that helps you to do something: teaching aids, such as books and videos
admit /ədˈmɪt/ v to agree that something is true, especially unwillingly: He admitted his guilt/mistake.
[+ (that)] She admitted (that) she had made a mistake.
adolescent /ˌæd.əˈles.ənt/ n a young person who is developing into an adult: a young person who is developing into an adult
affect /əˈfekt/ to have an influence on someone or something, or to cause them to change:
Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.
alternative /ɒlˈtɜː.nə.tɪv Adj something that is different from something else, especially from what is usual, and offering
the possibility of choice: There must be an alternative to people sleeping on the streets
anti-social /ˌæn.tiˈsəʊ.ʃəl/ adj harmful to society: anti-social behaviour
Increasingly, smoking is regarded as an anti-social habit.
2 tending to avoid spending time with other people:
I hope they won't think I'm anti-social if I don't join them in the bar
appetite /ˈæp.ɪ.taɪt/ n a desire for food: All that walking has given me an appetite.
anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.ə.ti/ n an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry about something that is happening or might
happen in the future:
Children normally feel a lot of anxiety about their first day at school.
awareness /əˈweə.nəs/ n consciousness: Public awareness of the problem will make politicians take it seriously.
ban v & n to decide or say officially that sth is not allowed, to forbid, especially officially:
The film was banned in several countries
behavior /bɪˈheɪ.vjəʳ/ n the way that sb behaves, especially towards other people
bully /ˈbʊl.i/ v to hurt or frighten someone who is smaller or less powerful than you, often forcing them to do something they do not want to do:
Our survey indicates that one in four children is bullied at school
Bullying is a problem in many schools.
campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ n a planned group of especially political, business or military activities which are intended to
achieve a particular aim:
The protests were part of their campaign against the proposed building development in the area.
celebrity /sɪˈleb.rɪ.ti/ n.someone who is famous, especially in the entertainment business
charity /ˈtʃær.ɪ.ti/ n a system of giving money, food or help free to those who are in need because they are ill, poor
or homeless, or any organization which is established to provide money or help in this way:
She does a lot of work for charity
communist /ˈkɒm.jʊ.nɪst/ n người cộng sản
conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ v &n to behave in a particular way, especially in a public or a formal situation, or to organize the
way in which you live in a particular way:
How should I conduct myself at these dinners? I know nothing about etiquette.
considerable /kənˈsɪd.ər.ə.bļ adj large or of noticeable importance:
The fire caused considerable damage to the church.
Trang 2consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ n the amount used or eaten:
As a nation, our consumption of junk food is horrifying
counsel /ˈkaʊnt.səl/ v to give advice, especially on social or personal problems:
The police have provided experts to counsel local people affected by the tragedy
counterpart /ˈkaʊn.tə.pɑːt/ n a person or thing which has the same purpose as another one in a different place or
organization:
The Prime Minister is to meet his European counterparts to discuss the war against drugs.
cure /kjʊəʳ/ n.& v something that makes someone with an illness healthy again:
There's still no cure for cancer
crave /kreɪv/ v to have a very strong desire for sth:Many young children crave attention.
crafty /ˈkrɑːf.ti/ Adj clever, especially in a dishonest or secretive way:
I've had a crafty idea for getting round the regulations
determine /dɪˈtɜː.mɪn/ v to control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen:
The number of staff we can take on will be determined by how much money we're allowed to spend.
determined /dɪˈtɜː.mɪnd adj wanting to do something very much and not letting anyone or any difficulties stop you:
[+ to infinitive] I'm determined to get this piece of work finished today.
She's sure to get the job she wants - she's a very determined person.
discourteous /dɪˈskɜː.ti.əs/ Adj rude and not considering other people's feelings; not polite:
According to the customer survey, 6% said employees were unhelpful and discourteous.
dumb /dʌm/ Adj stupid and annoying: Are they brave or just dumb?
eccentric /ekˈsen.trɪk/ Adj strange or unusual, sometimes in an amusing way:
eccentric behaviour
embarrassed /ɪmˈbær.əs/ Adj feeling ashamed or shy
[+ to infinitive] I was too embarrassed to admit that I was scared.
enrolment /ɪnˈrəʊl.mənt/ n registration, signing up; amount of people registered: Fees must be paid in full at the time of
enrolment
failure /ˈfei.ljəʳ/ when something does not work, or stops working as well as it should:
The accident was caused by the failure of the reactor's cooling system / The number of business failures rose steeply last year.
fluctuate /ˈflʌk.tju.eɪt/ v to change or vary, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another:
Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season
former /ˈfɔː.məʳ/ Adj of or in an earlier time; before the present time or in the past: his former wife
generation /ˌdʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən n all the people of about the same age within a society or within a particular family: The younger
generation smokes less than their parents did.
impact n & v a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on a situation or person:
The anti-smoking campaign had had/made quite an impact on young people
inhale /ɪnˈheɪl/ v to breathe air, smoke, or gas into your lungs:
She flung open the window and inhaled deeply.
internal /ɪnˈtɜː.nəl/ Adj existing or happening inside a person, object, organization, place or country:
He sustained injuries to his arms, legs and several internal organs.
intrigue /ɪnˈtriːg/ v to interest someone a lot, especially by being strange, unusual or mysterious:
Throughout history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.
involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ v to include someone or something in something, or to make them take part in or feel part of it: It
would be difficult not to involve the child's father in the arrangements.
league /liːg/ n group of people (or parties, countries, etc.) who have joined together for a particular purpose,
association, confederation, union, alliance; group of athletic teams; unit of distance
level off If a rate or amount levels off, it stops rising or falling and stays at the same level:
Unemployment rose to 10% and then levelled off.
massive /ˈmæs.ɪv/ Adj very large in size, amount or number: She died after taking a massive overdose of drugs.
measure /ˈmeʒ.əʳ/ v &n to judge the quality, effect, importance, or value of something:
There is no way of measuring the damage done to morale.
mental /ˈmen.təl/ Adj relating to the mind, or involving the process of thinking:
Trang 3His physical and mental health had got worse.
peer /pɪəʳ/ n a person who is the same age or has the same social position or the same abilities as other
people in a group: Do you think it's true that teenage girls are less self-confident than their male peers?
permissive /pəˈmɪs.ɪv/ Adj A person or society that is permissive allows behaviour which other people might disapprove
of: It's a very permissive school where the children are allowed to do whatever they like.
perpetuate /pəˈpetʃ.u.eɪt/ v to cause something to continue: Increasing the supply of weapons will only perpetuate the
violence and anarchy.
physical /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kəl/ Adj relating to things you can see or touch, or relating to the laws of nature: the physical world
plummet /ˈplʌm.ɪt/ v to fall very quickly and suddenly:
House prices have plummeted in recent months.
plunge /plʌndʒ/ v to (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down
or into something: Our income has plunged dramatically.
policy /ˈpɒl.ə.si/ n (on sth) ) a plan of action agreed or chosen by a political party, a business, etc.: the present
government’s policy on education
portray /pɔːˈtreɪ/ v to represent or describe someone or something in a painting, film, book or other artistic work:
The painting portrays a beautiful young woman in a blue dress.
prescription /prɪˈskrɪp.ʃən/ n a piece of paper on which a doctor writes the details of the medicine or drugs that someone
needs: a doctor's prescription
pressure /ˈpreʃ.əʳ/ n when someone tries to make someone else do something by arguing, persuading, etc:
public/political pressure/ Teachers are under increasing pressure to work longer hours.
puzzled /ˈpʌz.ļd/ Adj confused because you do not understand something: He had a puzzled look on his face.
regional /ˈriː.dʒən.əl/ Adj relating to or coming from a particular part of a country: a regional
accent/dialect/newspaper
reluctance /rɪˈlʌk.tənts/ n an unwillingness to do something: [+ to v] Her reluctance to talk to the press was quite
understandable.
reverse /rɪˈvɜːs/ v go backwards, or to change the direction, order, position, result, etc of something to its
opposite: The new manager hoped to reverse the decline in the company's fortunes
satisfaction /ˌsæt.ɪs
ˈfæk.ʃən/
n pleasant feeling which you get when you receive something you wanted, or when you have done something you wanted to do:
She looked at the finished painting with satisfaction She derived/obtained great satisfaction from/ out of helping other people.
sensible /ˈsent.sɪ.bļ/ Adj having an awareness or understanding of a situation:
He did not appear to be sensible of the difficulties that lay ahead.
shrewd /ʃruːd/ Adj possessing or based on a clear understanding and good judgment of a situation, resulting in
an advantage:
[+ to infinitive] He was shrewd enough not to take the job when there was the possibility of getting a better one a few months later
snapshot /ˈsnæp.ʃɒt/ a photograph
spread /spred/ v & n to (cause to) cover, reach or have an effect on a wider or increasing area:
The fire spread very rapidly because of the strong wind
stabilize /ˈsteɪ.bɪ.laɪz/ v If something stabilizes, it becomes fixed or stops changing:
He suffered a second heart attack two days ago but his condition has now stabilized.
severe /sɪˈvɪəʳ/ Adj causing very great pain, difficulty, anxiety, damage, etc.; very serious:
This is a school for children with severe learning difficulties.
In parts of Africa there is a severe food/water shortage.
treatment /ˈtriːt.mənt/ n something that is done to cure an illness or injury, or to make sb look and feel good:
There are various treatments available for this condition.
struggle /ˈstrʌg.ļ/ to use a lot of effort to defeat someone, prevent something, or achieve something:
For years she struggled with/against the establishment to get her theories accepted.
substantial /səbˈstæn.ʃəl/ adj large in size, value or importance:
The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women.
therapy /ˈθer.ə.pi/er.ə.pi/ n a treatment which helps someone feel better, grow stronger, etc., especially after an illness:
Joining a club can be a therapy for loneliness.
Trang 4toxin /ˈtɒk.sɪn n a poisonous substance, especially one which is produced by bacteria and which causes disease
tackle /ˈtæk.ļ/ to try to deal with something or someone:
There are many ways of tackling this problem.
trustworthy /ˈtrʌstˌwɜː.ði/ adj able to be trusted
urge /ɜːdʒ/ n a strong desire, especially one which is difficult or impossible to control
[+ to infinitive] The urge to steal is very strong in many of the young men we look after here.
undoubtedly /ʌnˈdaʊ.tɪd.li/ Adv certainly, unquestionably, without doubt : She was undoubtedly the best candidate.
variation /ˌveə.riˈeɪ.ʃən/ n change in amount or level:
Unemployment rates among white-collar workers show much less regional variation than corresponding rates among blue-collar workers.
vital /ˈvaɪ.təl/ Adj necessary for the success or continued existence of something; extremely important:
She had found out some information of vital importance.
well-being /ˌwelˈbiː.ɪŋ/ n the state of feeling healthy and happy: People doing yoga benefit from an increased feeling of
well-being.
worse off (op better off) to be poorer or in a more difficult situation: If Rick loses his job we'll be even
worse off.
willpower /ˈwɪl.paʊəʳ/ n the ability to control your own thoughts and the way in which you behave; determination:
It took a lot of willpower to stay calm.
withdrawal
symptoms
/ /wɪðˈdrɔː.əl ˈsɪmp.təm/
NP the unpleasant physical and mental effects which result when you stop doing or taking something, especially a drug, which has become a habit:
He was suffering from all the classic withdrawal symptoms associated with giving up heroin - inability to sleep, anxiety, sweating and fever.
Collocations and
stay focused Giữ tập trung
take one’s mind off sth Stop thinking about sb/sth
I follow my between point routines as they help to keep me focused and take my mind off any
distractions that might be around me.
be based on sth on the basis of, on the foundation of, dependent upon
take up a hobby Start a hobby
He took up golf when he was a kid
keep sb on track Keep making progress and likely to succeed
Of course this method does not work for everyone, but there are other ways to keep you on track.
She attributes her success to her parents and to the fact that she just didn't give up when things
got tough.
alternative therapy Liệu pháp thay thế (không dùng tân dược)
Some people wish to attack cancer with alternative therapy rather than conventional
medical therapy
put on weight gain weight < > lose weight
He has put on a lot of weight since he stopped going to the gym.
calm sb down to stop feeling upset, angry or excited, or to stop someone feeling this way:
She sat down and took a few deep breaths to calm herself down.
no matter what at any cost, come what may, regardless of what may happen
Everybody can blame me but no matter what they say, I'm still me because I love myself.
stick to smth to continue doing sth despite difficulties :
She finds it impossible to stick to a diet.
depend on smth rely on: (phụ thuộc vào)
Effectiveness of the training method depends on the aptitudes of the learners.
for good forever, permanently (mãi mãi, vĩnh viễn):
By using these techniques, you can make it easier and then can celebrate your accomplishments
when you finally succeed at kicking the bad habit for good.