Nghiên cứu các giải pháp cải tiến khí hậu và dinh dưỡng nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả trong chăn nuôi bò sữa có tỷ lệ máu holstein friesian cao trên 3 4 máu hf nuôi tại thành phố hồ chí minh

UBND THANH PHO HO CHI MINH SCS KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE ****** BO NONG NGHIEP & PTNT VIEN KHKT NONG NGHIEP MIEN NAM ****** BAO CAO NGHIEM THU DE TAI NGHIEN CU'U CAC GIAI PHAP CAI TIEN TIEU KHI HAU VA DINH DUtiNG NHAM NANG CAO HIEU QUA TRONG CHAN NUOI BO SIIA CO TY LE MAU HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN CAO (TREN 3/4 MAU HF) NUOI TAI THANH PHO HO CHI MINH Dijng chit nhi@n: TS Doan Dar Vu & ThS Nguyin Hutt Hoai Pita Mang 03/ 2007 WI CAM ON Ban chit nhiem de tai xin chan cam on S& Khoa hoc va COng ngh'e TP HO Chi Minh, Viet' Khoa hoc K57 thOt Nong nghiep mien Nam, Ging ty bo sii.a TP HO Chi Minh va cac h0 chan nuoi bo sika da gitlp do• chting toi hoan de' tai £0.3£0.£0£0 CC03010302 CAC THANH VIEN THAM GIA DE TAI Ghi chi.' Don vi cong tac Ho va ten Chu nhiem de tai Vien KHKT NN MN Doan Dire WI D6ng chit nhiem Nguy6n Him Hoai Phil Chi cuc PTNN TP Can be thvc hien chinh Vien KHKT NN MN Nguy6n Huy Tuan Vu Dinh HiL C6ng ty be sira TP HCM Can be thkrc hien Pham WO Hai Vien KHKT NN MN Cong tac vien Vt.rong Ng9c Long Vien KHKT NN MN Cong tac vien Stt ACH CAC TRAI THI NGHIEM Tr'an Van Nghia Nguygn Van Ba SO' be Nei dung TN TN TOng hgp 10 Thai Tarn Then — Hoc Mon TOng hop 10 Trung An - Cu Chi Dinh Thi Thanh Bach Tan Thanh Deng - Cu Chi 10 Dinh &rang Le Minh Phuong Dong Thanh — HOc Mon Dinh throng Nguy6n Thi ITOng Loan Deng Thanh — Hoc Mon Dinh &rang Nguy6n Van Tren Thai Tarn Th6n — Hoc Mon 10 Ti6u hau Nguyen Van Hao Tan Thanh Tay - Cu Chi 10 Ti6u hau VO Van Lec Tan Thanh Deng - Cu Chi D6i chirng Nguygn Ngoc Trai Deng Thanh D'Oi chirng 10 HuSinh Van No Dong Thanh 10 Doi chdng Stt Ho va ten Dia chi TOM TAT DE TAI - ABSTRACT Hai cuOc ditu tra da dirgc tier hi& vio dau thing 12 nam 2004 va thing mau HF cao dt dinh gia dac 08, nam 2005 ten 164 110 chin nuoi be sfra c6 tS, diem chuong trai (tren 54 10) va cac chi tieu san xuat sita (764 136), sinh san cua dan be (794 b6) IC& qua cho thay rang : Dien tich binh quan chu6ng nuoi bo sita hi) dan la 7,2 m2/con phi hop vii Tuy nhien, tat ca cac h0 dirge dieu tra deu nuoi too stra theo tieu chuan cho bo phtrcmg thirc cam cot tai chutong, hoan toan khong co san chai dt be van dung Mac du mat dO chu6ng nuoi kha ligpl$f song co den 92,6% s6 h0 ditu tra sir dung mai chuong bang ton, lam tang nhiet dO chuong nuoi bo stra va co the gay nen hien tuqng stress nhiet cho dan 1)6, dac biet vao nhirng th6i ditm ning n6ng DO cao mai chu6ng i ditm cao nhat la 3,4m va ditm thap nhat la 2,5m lam cho (10 thong thoang chutmg kern, cling la yeu to co the gay stress nhiet cho dan be stra Do phirang thirc chin nuoi la hoan toan cam cot tai chu6ng nen chuting 1)6 rCra luc nao cling ban Vi tht, ngu6i chin nuoi phai tam cho be cling nhu xit chuong trai rat nhieu lan (trung binh la 2,8 lan/ngay) Nhiet do), am dO chuong nuoi 1)6 saa cac th6i diem khac la kha cao din den chi so nhiet am dO THI cling kha cao (binh quan la 81,07) Tuy nhien, ntu so sinh vii nguiffmg THI c6 tht gay stress cho be sila (ten 80) thi thay rang, b6 sua co the bi stress chi khoang th6i gian tir 11 den 15 gi6 (THI tren 80) Than nhiet cua 1)6 sila c6 > 3/4 mau HF khoang th6i gian tir 10 dtn 14 gi6 trung binh la 38,3°C va nhip th6 la 57,8 lan/phiit MOt so chi tieu mau nam giai han cho phep Nghia la bo sua co the dieu chinh cac chi tieu sinh hoa mau nhang dieu kien mOi truing khac Cac loai thirc an chinh khau phan la co trong, co tu nhien, rum 16a, hem bia, xac dau, xac my va cam hem hop Sr dap irng nhu cAu dinh difang khau phan da phan chua hgp Iy, d6 dac biet la chi tieu xa va protein Nang silk sib binh quan tai th6i diem dieu tra la 14,1kg/coningay 16c Bang , thing thir va sir dung ding thirc de du doan thi se dat &roc vat sira 3.760kg/chu kSI la kha cao so vii so lieu binh quan chat lugng stra mirc trung binh va nam ngtrang thu mua cua cac nha may the bien sita D6i vii bO to, tuti len ging Ian dau va he s6 phi dau la kha tot d6 1)6 sinh san, khoang cach de den dOng due lai, he so phoi dau la kha cao, tir dan dtn khoang cach lira de cao (15,6 thing) Nhu vay, ban than 1)6 lai c6 mau HF cao tir ban dau co kha nang sinh san binh thu6ng song qua mot hoac mot vii lira de, phai dap irng vOi dieu kien thoitiet, hau, sr khai thac stra va yeu to dinh dirang nen hieu qua sinh san giam xuong ii Da tien hanh thir nghiem cai tien tieu hau chueng nuoi va can bang khAu phAn an cho dan 1)6 situ tren 80 be c6 tj, le mau HF cao tai cac he dan va 40 1)6 HF nhap tir Uc tai Nang truang An Phii - Cu Chi Ket qua cho thay rang: - Co,su sai khac- co nghia thong ke (P < 0,05) ve nhiet de, Am de.ya chi so THI 16 doi chimg so vai 16 co cai tien tieu hau chu6ng nuoi tai cac nong he Tuy nuoi b6 sira c6 mau HF cao ding nhu tai nong truang An Phiisnuoi bo HF nhien, khong c6 sp sai khac coy nghia thong ke (P > 0,05) ye than nhiet (ngay ca vao thai diem 13 gib.) nhung c6 sp sai khac coy nghia thOng ke (P < 0.05) ve nhip the( (dac biet vao thai diem 13 gib.) - KhAu phAn thirc an chua dap irng nhu cau dinh dueng, do,dac biet IA chi tieu xo va protein cac he dan nen phai cai tien bang viec thay doi so luting nhu cau tir cac loci thirc an khau phan va cac chi ,tieu dinh clueing dap 91-109% Song, tai nong truang An Phukhau phan thirc an nhin chung dap irng nhu cau dinh &rang va da can Mi kha nang san xuAt sita (bao gem nang suAt sira chu ky, chi tieu sira) da dugc cai thien suit nang suat - sib binh quan hang va nang suat sira dang ke c6 sp tac Ong cai tien tieu hau chuOng nuoi va dieu kien dinh dueng Tuy nhien, khong co sir sai khac so sanh giira 16 tong hop vai 16 tac Ong rieng re IA lieu hau va dinh dirang Chat lacing situ cac 16 kh6ng sai khac - Cac chi tieu ve kha nang sinh san (bao gem thai gian tir de den Ong dpc 14i, he so phoi (tau thai va khoang cach hai lira de) da dugc cai thien ro net a cac 16 thi nghiem (tieu hau, dinh dueng va tong harp) so vai 16 doi chirng Tuy nhien, cling Wang nhu kha nang san xuat sira, khong c6 sir sai khac so sanh Oita 16 tong hgp vai 16 tac Ong rieng re IA tieu hau va dinh &rang tai V6i ket qua dieu tra, thir nghiem va cac tai lieu va ngodi nuac, da dim met so ky- thuat quan can cai tien quy trinh chan nuoi 1)6 sira c6 mau HF cao va b6 HF thuan nhap tir Uc Nhting diem cai tien de ap dung dieu kien chan nuoi b6 sib a TP HO Chi Mirth .Fc)63c)c))U1 iii oacQ(-Q MUC L C Tieu d STT Lai cam an Trang i ii N Tom tat de tai — Abstract iv Mkic Itic Danh sach cac chit vi& tat v Danh sach bang vi Danh sach hinh vii PHAN MO DAU NHfiNG THONG TIN TONG QUAT CHYONG I: TONG QUAN TAI LIEU Anh huang cila tieu hau tai nang suit sita va sinh san a be sira 1.1.1 Anh huang dm ti6u hail tai nang suit sita 1.1.2 Anh twang cua ti6u hau tai sinh san Anh twang dm dinh during tai rang suit stra va sinh san a bo sita 1.2.1 Anh huang cila dinh dutng tell nang suit sita 1.2.2 Anh twang oh dinh dtrang tai sinh san II CHYONG II: NOI DUNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.1 i dung nghien dm Ni 2.2 Phtrang phi]) nghien dm III CHIXONG III: KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 12 3.1 IC& qua di6u tra danh gia thkrc trang dan ba sfra co mau HF cao nuoi a TP Ho Chi Minh K6t qua thi nghiem mot so giai phap ky thuat de cai thien nang san xuat sEra va nang sinh san dm dan be:, sib co tS/ 1e mau I-IF cao Quy trinh chin nuoi be) sita mau HF cao va HF Uc tai TP H6' Chi Minh CHUDNG IV: KET LUAN VA DE NGHI 12 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 33 PHU LIJC 35 I 1.1 1.2 3.2 3.3 IV g-3,Fog)2oEoCIJIc-oac- c- c-o3c-3 iv 18 29 31 DANH SACH CHU" VIET TAT THILAT NG(I TIENG VIET VIET TAT MM Mua mtra MK MCia Kho TB Trung binh DC Doi ch i ng TN Thi nghie'm ME Nang luvng trao d6i T° Nhie't d6 A° Am dO KP KhAu phAn DM Vit chit khO DMI Vit chit kho thu nhin A , CP Protein the) CF Xor tho HF B6 sira HA Lan (Holstein Friesian) THI (chi s6 THI) Temperature Humidity Index 6-)£c)c)026-3 m 03030303 DANH SACH BANG SO TEN BANG SO LIEU TRANG Bang chi s6 nhiet-Am (THI) a danh gia ngueing stress nhiet B6 tri thi nghiem mot s6 giai phap ky thuat Giii phi]) cai tien lieu hau chu6ng nuoi 10 Dac diem chu6ng trai va phucmg thirc clan nuoi 12 Nhiet dO, Am dO va THI chuiing nuoi be sib 13 Than nhiet va nhip thi dm dm be sita 14 Kit s6 chi tieu phan tich mau dm dm b6 sita 14 KhAu phAn thirc an cila cila be sira 15 Kha rang dap frng dm KP so vai nhu cau dinh duting dm be 15 10 Kha 'tang san xuAt sera dm b6 16 11 Chi tieu sinh san va berth sinh san 17 12 Chi s6 nhiet dO, Am dO va THI tai cac trai be al tS, le mau HF cao 18 13 Chi so T°, A° va THI cac lobo HF 19 14 Than nhiet, nhip th6 dm bo sita co ty le mau HF cao 21 15 Than nhiet va nhip th6 dm be tai ming trtding An Phil 22 16 KhAu phAn thirc An cho be sfra cac h0 dan 23 17 KhAu phAn thirc An cho be HF Dc tai Ming twain An Phil 24 18 MOt s6 chi tieu ve kha rang san xuAt sita dm bo thi nghiem 25 19 MOt so chi fieu ve kha nang sinh san dm be thi nghiem 27 20 Hieu qua dm viec cai tien tieu hau va can d6i khAu phAn 28 21 He thong lam mat chuong 29 22 KhAu phAn An be sib dugc cai tien 30 coa coa c coa Eo 2c) 20 Eo vi DANH SACH HINH so TEN HiNH AWH TRANG Chung trai thap, Am, t6i 36 He th6ng lam mat tren mai 36 Lap dat quat gio lam mat chui5ng 37 Lap dat N thEing phun strung chu6ng 37 £0 £0 £0 £0 £30 OR 02 (- coa vii PHAN MO DAU NHUNG THONG TIN TONG QUAT Oat van de: De khai thac tiem nang san xuat cua ging be HF nguai chan nuoi co khuynh twang gia tang tS/ le mau be HF be lai huOng sum va ke ca nhAp be sita HF thuan tir cdc nu* Trong tac dOng cua cdc yeu to nhu chuong trai, charnsoc nuoi Trong so cdc yeu Mang, thA y, quan doi vai be sera co tY le mau HF cao la rat , to tieu hAu chu6ng nuoi va dinh &fang la quan han ca, la to thi yeu dan nhang yeu to gay len tinh a-gig stress nhiet, nang suat sad thap va sinh san kern b6 sira Tren ca sa chung t6i tien hanh thfr nghiem hai giai phap la "cai tien tieu hen' va dinh during nham mitt dich nang cao hi:eu qua chan nuoi be) situ có ty le mau HF cao (tren 3/4 mau HF)" 1/ Ten de tai: NGHIEN Cf.TU CAC GIAI PHAP CAI TIEN TIEU KHI HAU VA DINH DU'ONG NHAM NANG CAO HIEU QUA TRONG CHAN NUOI BO SICIA CO TY LE MAU HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN CAO (TREN % MAU HF) NUOI TAI THANH PHO HO CHI MINH 2/ Ding chit nhiem de tai: DOAN DOC VU & NGUYEN Hai) HOAI PHO 3/ Co quan chit tri: VIEN KHOA HOC K? THUAT NONG NGHIEP MIEN NAM 4/ Thiri gian thtrc hien: NAM (10/2004-10/2006) 5/ Kinh phi dint duvet: 180.000.000 dong 6/ Kinh phi d'a cap: 162.000.000 d'ong 7/ Muc tieu: Xac dinh kha nang sinh san va kha nang san xuat sira cua b6 lai HF (tren % mau HF) va b6 HF thuan nhAp tir Uc va xay dung quy trinh nuoi &rang thich hop 8/ Noi dune : Dieu tra dinh gid thirc trdng dan be sira co tji le mau HF cao (tren % mau HF) ve kha nang sinh san va san xuat sira ding nhu mot so dieu kien chan nuoi Thi nghiem mot se giai phap ky thot de cai thien kha nang sinh san va san xuat sira cua dan be co ty le mau HF cao va HF nhAp tix Uc 02 giai phdp diroc Ap dung la cai tien tieu hAu chuong nuoi va cai tien khau phan an Quy trinh cham sec nuoi dutng b6 sCra co ty le mau HF cao va be sira HF thuAn 9/ San phAm dm de tai: ty Bao cao khoa hoc ve dieu tra thirc va giai phap de chan nuoi be sira co le mau HF cao a TP H6 Chi Minh; Quy trinh chan nuoi be sira c6 tSt le mau HF cao va be sira HF thuAn; Ho trq bdo cao Tien si; Chthing TONG QUAN TAI LIEU 1.1 ANH HVONG CUA TIEU KHi HAU TO1 NANG SUAT StJA VA SINH SAN BO siTA 1.1.1 Anh htromg cua tieu hiu toi Wang suit sfra , Nhiet dO moi twang trung binh ntrac ta 25 — 33°C, Am dO moi twang tren 80% khu vgc phia Nam, trai nong nhiet dO moi truang len tai 33 - 36°C nhiet moi twang thich hop cho be sira duvc ghi nhAn la tir - 4°C den 22°C Nlur \fay nhiet mai trtrang khu virc phia Nam vuot xa nhiet dO thich hop d6i vii be saa Trong do, nhang nam gin day dan b6 c6 ,chieu htremg tang tS, HF va cac ca sa da nhAp 136 Holstein tir cac nu& c6 nhiing giOng b6 sna cao san, dAc biet tir bang Queensland cila Uc, vi nhiet dO moi twang bang gin giOng vii khu vkrc phia Nam — Viet Nam BO Holstein van duac khuyen cao nuoi a'r nhang viing c6 hAu lanh va on hoa (nhiet dO duai 22°C) Nhirng ntroc nhiet dai va a nhiet dai thi khuyen cao nuoi be lai kin thien c6 t5, le mau Holstein khong qua % Nhung a Israel IA dat nu& CO mien Nam mtra rat nhien khac nghiet, dat dai it, chi co mua mien Bac vao mna dong, mien hiem, mita he rat nong (max: tai gin 40°C) Tuy nhien, nha tip dung nhieu bien phap lai tao giong hien dai va quy trinh chin nuoi tien tien, duvc vi tinh hoa khien nganh chart nuoi be stra dm Israel luOn ddng vi tri hang dau the giai B6 sna cua Israel cho luting sera rat cao, trung binh khoang 11.000 Miriam, ca biet co cho tai 19.000 lit/nam MOt hop tic xa Qualia ,gan bien chet, nai nhiet dO mna he dat tai 45-47°C, mot trai be 276 da cho nang suit 11326kg/ chu ki (nam 1998) MOt vii nghien ciru cho thy rang anh hating cna stress nong c6 the de lai hAti qua lau dai BO dtrac dna vao thi nghiem a cac pha có nhiet dO on hoa (3 ngay), pha stress nong (5 ngay) va pha hoi plinc (7 ngay) Six phan hoi dm hien Wang stress nong tai luting thirc an an vao va nang suit stla khong xay tire thi Luang thirc an an vao bat dau giam b6 duac dtra vao thn thach vari diet' ki'en trai nang, nhtrng chi tieu giam thap nhat la a thir dm pha stress, (nal-1g thirc an an vao thap han 9% so vii tiled gian co nhiet dO on hoa Sir giam hiving thirc an an vao keo dai to i tan thn dm pha hoi phnc Nang suit sUa giam nhieu nhat (3,5kg/ngay) chi xuat hien vao thin cna pha hoi phuc San luting lira giam den thin dm pha hOi phnc, dan den tong san luting sna giant 8,3% ngtrai ta da tinh toan gia tri kinh to cua viec giam nang suit la $0,44/b6/ngay va $1,78/bOingay cac pha stress nong va pha hoi phuc, tuang nng 3.2.2.2 Teti ?long twang An Pith than nuoi bb HF lIc Bang 15: Than nhiet va nhip they cfta bo Uzi Wong &Leong An Phit • Chi tieu IA tieu 14u Lo Dtii Cht.rng 13h 19h 13h 19h 7h MM 36,6±0,6 75,7±0,10 58,6±0,6 35,4±0,4 68,1±0,4 50,6±0,4 38,7±0,4 77,4±0,40 60,2±0,2 37,7±0,2 69,2±0,2 51,7±0,2 59,4a±0,3 36,5±0,5 68,6b±0,3 51,1b±0,3 Nhip s they MK lan/phut TB 7h 37,6±0,3 76,5a±0,50 MM 55,7±0,1 60,6±0,2 58,8±0,2 55,9±0,2 60,7±0,3 58,3±0,3 MK 57,7±0,2 62,2±0,3 59,4±0,3 57,6±0,3 61,8±0,4 59,1±0,4 lAn/Philt TB 56,8±0,2 61,4±0,2 59,1±0,3 56,7±0,2 61,2±0,2 58,7±0,2 Than nhi't MM MK 39,5±0,03 39,0±0,04 39,9±0,04 39,2±0,02 TB 39,7a±0,05 39,1b±0,03 Nhip tim Co * Cac sa tong mat hang c6 chi? cal khac thi sal khac coy nghia thong ke P 0,05), nhung co sir khac biet clang ke gift cac to thi nghi4m vii 10 dOi chimg (P < 0,05) Dieu cho phep chimg to c6 nhung khuyen cao chin nuoi b6 sua co mau HF cao de dat ducic tiem rang di truyen cita chimg NAng suit sua trai b6 An Phii,thap han he gia dinh mac dU tiem nang giOng la rat lan, song ngoai yeu to ye giong thi you to quan ly ding c6 anh hu6ng tai 'tang suit sUa - NAng suAt sib tai thed diem dinh sua la cao, dao (long tir 21 25kg/coningay a cac he din va tir 20-23kg/con/ngay tai Ming truing An Phu Six khac bi4t cling Wang ttr nhu doi vii rang suit sirs binh quart hang - Khong c6 six khac biet coy ngh-la thong ke (P>0,05) ve vat chat kho, tSt 14 chat beo, tS, 1'4 chit dam sua dm be cac 10 Nhu vay, chat luting Mita cua b6 phix thuec chit yeu vao gi6ng va loaf thirc An Vi the, neu ding cho An cac loci thirc an gi6ng thi du co khac ve (lieu kien tieu hau chuong nuoi, chat luting sua dm be khong thay doi - Tom 14i, viec cai lien tieu hau chuong nuoi va khAu phan thirc An dm bo sita co mau HF cao va be sfra HF than nha.'p tir Uc (la cai thien clang ke nAng san xuat stra Chua day six sai khac re net giva 10 "Tong hop" so vii to "Tieu hau" va "Dinh du6ng" Nhu vay, ben canh viec tic (long nhung yeu to tich ctrc nhu cai tien tieu hau chu6ng nuoi va can doi khfiu phan, dinh throng phu thuec vao tiem rang giong, ca the, song tren thirc to viec cai tien tieu hau chuong trai bang quit gio va h4 thong phun suang ding vii viec can dOi lai khfiu plan An (la dem 14i hieu qua r6 ret, nang slat bo sira HF mau cao va be HF thufin nhap tir Uc tang tir 0,71 — 1,4kg?con/ngay a ho clan va 0,73 — 1,99kg/con/ngay a trai An Phil Vic tic (long ca hai yeu to chic chart co anh huang (lang ke khong nhung doi Arai rang san xuat sib, ma anh huong nhieu den sirc khoe cua dan bo stra 26 3.2.5 Cac chi tieu ve sinh san Bang 19 Mot so chi lieu v'd kha nang sinh san caa be) thi nghiem Chi tieu N Dia diem DVT HO dan Con An Phii Con 20 10 LO dinh dtang 20 10 Le tieu 114u 20 10 , x., Lo dot cntrng KC de Ho dan • d en (Ring laii duc la An Ph Phu • NO), 111,45 a ±22,06 91,85 b ±18,22 88,10 b ±12,49 Ngay 134,34a ±15,13 120,45b±16,21 123,58b±14,35 Hg MI Ho dan phoi •34u • Lan 2,20a±0,83 1,85b±0,88 1,70b±0,57 An Phu Lan 2,40a±0,23 2,22b±0,75 2,11b±0,45 HO dan Ngay 440,40a±52,14 410,80b±42,88 404,55b±23,03 An Phil Ngay 432,24a±45,21 431,34a±24,45 427,45q26,14 Khoin g cach lfra de L8 tong HD? 20 10 83 20' ±19,08 112,76b ±17,45 1,75b±0, 64 1,93b±0, 56 393 55b —: ±Z4 ,28 414,15' ±21,41 c n au thi sat khac co y nghaa thong * Ccic so cling mot hang có chit cal P