Luận án thực hiện pháp luật trong hoạt động của lực lượng công an nhân dân để bảo vệ trật tự, an toàn xã hội ở nước ta hiện nay

’ v ' 7HH1 J BO GIAO D UC VA DAO TAO HOC VIES CHINHTRIQUOC GIA HO CHI MINH CPv'J-H DO TDSn TRlVN THUC HBEN PHAP LUAT TRONG HOAT DONG CUA LUC LUONG CONG AN NHAN DAN BAO Vt TRAT TU, AN TOAN XA HOl NUOC TA HlfiN NAY Chuyen nganh: Ly luan nha nude va pfrap quy^n Ma sd: 5.05.01 LUAN AN PHO THsN Si KHOA HOC LUAT HOC -~~:i |j_ JHtrVtEN || Nguoi hirerng din khoa hoc: GS, PTS Hoarag Van Hao PTS Udiwg Chu Liru u pts.137 HA NOl - 1996 Ldl CAM DOAN Tdi xin cam doan day la cdng trinh nghien cmi cua rieng tdi Cac sd lku, ket qua neu luan an la trung thac va chua timg duqc cbng bd ba't ki cbng trinh nao khac Do Tien Trien BANG CAC CHU HIEU VIET TAT 1- ANQG : An ninh quoc gia 2- CAND Cbng an nhan dan : cn - CHXHCNVN: Cdng hoa xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam 4- CNCS : , Chu nghia cbng san 5- CNTB : Chu nghia tu ban 6- CNXH : Chu nghia xa hdi 7- CSND Canh sat nhan dan 8- HDBT : Hdi d6ng bd truong : Trat tu, an toan xa hoi 9-TTATXH 10- VNDCCH Viet Nam dan chu cong hoa 11- XHCN Xa hoi chu nghia : r • % U J MUC LUC Trang Ma dau Chuang 1: Thue hien phap luat - phuang thuc hoat dong ca ban cua lire Iirqng Cong an nhan dan ITnh vuc bao ve trat tu, an toan xa hoi 1.1 Khai niem ve thuc hi£n phap luat 1.2 Dac trung hoat ddng thuc hien phap luat cua Cdng an nh&n dan lmh vuc bao v£ trat tu, an toan xa hdi 20 1.3 Thuc hi£n phap luat hoat ddng cua Cdng an nhan dan vdi chuc nang bao ve trat tu, an toan xa hdi 32 Chuang 2: Qua trinh hoat dong thuc hien phap luat cua Cong an nhan dan lmh vuc bao ve trat tu, an toan xa hoi 51 2.1 Giai doan 1945- 1954 51 2.2 Giai doan 1954 - 1975 54 2.3 Giai doan 1975 - 1985 57 2.4 Giai doan ttr 1986 d£nnay 61 2.4.1 Thuc trang thuc hidnphap luat 61 2.4.2 Nguydn nhan cua nhung khuvet diem, yeu kern thuc hi£n phap luat 82 Chuang 3: Nang cao hieu qua thuc hien phap luat cua Cong an nhan dan finh vuc bao ve trat tu an toan xa hoi - Nhung giai phap ca ban 96 3.1 Yeu cdu cua thuc hien phap luat bao ve trat tu an toan xa hdi giai doan moi 96 3.2 Phuong hudng va giai phap nang cao hieu qua thuc hien phap luat cua Cdng an nhan dan llnh vuc bao ve trat'tu an toan xa hdi 105 3.2.1 Phuong hudng thuc hien phap luat 105 3.2.2 Giai phap gdp ph£n nang cao hieu qua thuc hien phap 107 luat 3.3 Mdt sd kieh nghi va de xu£t 117 Ket luan 126 Danh muc tai lieu tham khao 130 Phu luc 135 i " ' , MO DAU Z- Tinh cap thiet cua de tai - Quan ly xa hdi bang phap luat la phuong thuc quan ly co ban cua moi aha nude hien dai Nha nude ta la nha nude xa hdi chu nghia, cua dan, dan va vi dan, Nha nude phai quan ly xa hdi bang phap luat va khdng ngimg tang cudng phap che' xa hdi chu nghia T6 chuc thuc hien phap luat la mat quan de bao dam phap che' Thuc hien phap luat hoat ddng cua cdng an nhan dan tren linh vuc bao ve trat tu, an toan xa hdi la mdt ndi dung co ban cua hoat ddng quan ly nha nude, gop phan xay dung xa hdi On dinh va phat tri^n la ddi hoi ta't ye'u khach quan cua cdng cube ddi mdi o nude ta hien nav Tu Dai hdi Dang toan qudc ldn thu VI deh nay, toan Dang, toan dan ta dang sue tien hanh edng cudc ddi mdi da't nude trdn ta't ca cac lmh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hdi V£n de xay dung mdt nha nude cd phap che' phuc vu viec td chuc va quan ly moi mat dcri sdng xa hdi, dam bao phap luat duqc moi ngudi tdn trong, an ninh qudc gia va trat tu an toan xa hdi duqc giur vung la di£u tien quye't de thuc hien thang lqi su nghiep ddi mdi Dang ta khdi xudng va lanh dao Cdng cudc ddi mdi d nude ta dang tung budc dem lai nhung tuu to ldn cd y nghia rat quan Cac linh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hdi deu co budc phat trien, kinh te' - xa hdi da khdi khung hoang Nude ta da cd nhung ■ tien de de chuy^n sang thdi ky mdi, thdi ky day- manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude Trong linh vuc trat tu, an toan xa hdi, hoat ddng thuc hien phap luat cua Cdng an nhan dan da dat duqc nhi6u ke't qua, trat tu, an toan xa hdi duqc giu vung, moi mat cua ddi sdng xa hdi duqc On dinh, trat tu ky cuong xa hdi dang ddn dan di ,vao nd nep Song van nhung mat, nhung van dd han che, non tu an toan xa hdi dieu kien chuydn sang ndn kinh te thi trubng, mo cua hdi nhap vdi ben ngoai va khdng ngimg ma rdng dan chu hoa den song xa hoi van dang la nhung dia hat nhidu so ho cho tidu cue, td nan xa hdi va tdi pham tdn tai va phat tridn Trong tinh hinh thuc hidn phap luat nhan dan luc Luong Cdng an nhan dan tdn tai,-bdc Id khdng ft nhung khuydt didm, thidu sot cd anh hudng khdng nhd den tien trinh ddi moi cua da't nude noi chung, ddn su nghidp bao vd an ninh, trat tu noi neng Do la y thuc phap luat chua cao, nang luc van dung phap luat phuc vu cac hoat ddng phong ngira va d£u tranh chdng tdi pham va cac vi pham phap luat han chd', tinh trang phap luat chua duqc tdn trong, khdng duqc ch£p hanh nghidm chinh va tridt dd, tinh hinh tdi pham hinh su, td nan xa hdi va cac vi pham phap luat van dang la nhung vdn dd xa hdi nhuc nhdl keo dai, moi cd gang thuc hidn phap luat chua ngang tdm vdi nhiem vu ddi hdi Trat tu, an toan xa hdi van la van dd khdng thd xem thudng Hien nay, tinh hinh nhiem vu each mang da thay ddi, linh vuc trat tu, an todn xa hdi cung vdi vide phai khan truong ddi moi xay dung va hoan thien he thd'ng phap luat edn thiet phai nang cao hidu qua cac hoat ddng thuc hidn phap luat cua luc luqng Cdng an nhan dan hon nua Dd gop phdn tao su chuydn bidn manh me vd phuong didn nay, vide nghidn cuu tdng kd't hoat ddng thuc hidn phap luat cua luc luqng Cdng an nhan dan dd rut nhung ' kinh nghidm, hinh giai phap toan didn bao vd trat tu an toan xa hdi khdng nhung la van dd cd y nghia quan vd mat ly luan ma ia van dd cap bach thuc tidn nhat ia didu kidn todn'Dang, toan dan ta dans xav dung nha nude xa hdi chu nghia vung manh, mdt ndn hdnh chinh sach, du nang Luc, quan ly cd hicu qua moi ebng viec nha nude nh£m thuc hibn muc tibu "Dan giau, nude manh, xa hbi ebng bang, van minh” Tirth hinh nghien cuu Van db thuc hien phap luat da tir Idu duqc cac nha khoa hoc quan tdm nghien cuu Trbn the gidi va nude co nhung cong trinh nghien cuu khoa hoc dcri gop phdn phat tribn va lam phong phu them If luan chung ve nha nude va phap luat, giai quyet nhibu vdn db cua thuc tibn cube song phong phu va da dtmg Lien Xb trade day, da cd nhung ebng trinh db cap den cac v£n de: Canh sat- phap luat va trat tu, an toan xa hbi Cac tac pham: "Vi su nghibp oao ve an ninh tb qudc Xb Viet" [Andrbpdp], "Nhung giai doan phat trien cua :anh sat Xb Viet" [Nhom tac gia Mulukaep, Malughin va Cbxuxun] Hibn lay, mbt sd nude trbn thd gidi cung nhu khu vuc da ebng bd nhung :ong trinh nghien cuu vb mbt sd khia canh cua v£n db thuc hibn ph&p luat lb trat tu an toan giao thong" [Trung Quoc], "Mb'i quan he giua nha tu va bng dbng d cac trai giam Trung Qudc"; "Trai giam Singapo" [Hbi nghi can b quan ly trai giam khu vuc chau A -Thai Binh Duong]; "Tb chuc va dau ranh chong toi pham cua Bb Nbi vu Hunggari" [Bo Noi vu, Hungari]; "Canh at Sicagb duqc bao vb nhu thd nao" [Leroi Mactin] v.v d nude ta nhung am gan day, van db thuc hien phap luat dang duqc dat la nhung iihibm vu uan cdp bach cua cac co quan Dang, Nha nude, cac tb chuc xa hbi, la uybn Iqi, trach nhiem cua moi ebng dan Ribng linh vuc bao vb trat tu, an )an xa hbi da cd mbt sd ebng trinh nghien cuu duqc ebng bd Chang han db a: "Tbi pham kinh tb', tbi pham hinh su qua trinh chuybn sang nen kinh thi trabng - Thuc trang, nguvbn nhan va giai phap, [Vien Khoa hoc ebng an db tai: "Luan cu khoa hoc dbi mdi cac chinh sach xa hoi nham dam bao an nh xa hbi va khac phuc cac tb nan xa hbi " KX04-14 [Tdng cue Canh sat r nhan dari]; de tai "Dari tranh-chd'ng cac tdi tham 0, cd y lam trai, hdi Id" [Vien khoa hoc phap ly, Vien kiem sat nhan dan tdi cao] Nhung de tai trdn da de cap ddri noi dung vd phap luat, ve bad ve trat tu, ‘an toan xa hdi, co gia tri khoa hoc gdp ph£n giai quyet nhidu van de cua cudc dari tranh chdng va phong ngua tdi pham, cac vi pham phap luat dang duqc dat Song nhung nghien cuu chu ye'u mod tiep can tri gdc dd tdi pham hoc khoa hoc dieu tra tdi pham, xa hdi hoc, tarn ly hoc, ddng thdi ve ndi dung cung moi de cap mdt sd' van de cap bach ve tdi pham te nan xa hdi Ngoai ra, luc luqng Cdng an nhan dan cung cdn mot sd de tai ban ve va'n de thuc hien phap luat nhu: quan ly hanh chinh ve trat tu, an toan xa hdi [C12-C13 Bo Ndi vu], quan ly cdng tac phong chay chua chay [C23, Bd Ndi vu], ve hoat ddng trinh sat hinh su va didu tra hinh su [Cl6, Bd Ndi vu], ve quan ly, giao due cai tao pham nhan [C26, Bd Ndi vu] Ndi dung cac cdng trinh mdi tie'p can mdt sd hoat ddng cu the, mdt sd bai mdi dung d muc trao ddi, chua cd ham luqng khoa hoc cao Nhu vay, de'n v£n de thuc hien phap luat hoat ddng cua Cdng an nhan dan trdn linh vuc bao ve trat tu, an toan xa hdi chua cd cdng trinh nao • * nghien cuu mdt each he thdng, toan dien tri gdc dd ly luan nha nude va phap luat Bao ve trat tu, an toan xa hdi la trach nhiem cua moi cdp, moi luc luqng, moi can bd, chieri si toan luc luqng Cdng an nhan dan La mdt can bd nghien cuu khoa hoc luc luqng Cdng an nhan dan vide chon va nghidn cuu de tai "Thuc hien phap luat hoat ddng cua luc luqng Cdng an nhan dan de bao ve trat tu, an toan xa hdi d nude ta hien nay" la.thich hqp va co dieu kien thuc hien Muc dich va nhiem vu ciia luan an: Muc dich cua luan an la lam rd ban cha't, nhung dac trung ccr ban ciia thuc hien phap luat, vi tri cua phap luat vdi y nghia la mdt cdng cu td chuc va quan ly xa hdi, la bidn phap dd thuc hien chuc nang bao vd trat tu, an toan xa hdi r • Phan tfch thuc trang nguydn nhan rut nhung kinh nghidm thuc hidn phap luat hoat ddng cua.luc luqng Cdng- an nhan dan Tir hinh I* phuomg hudng, nhung giai phap co ban, d£ xuat va kien nghi mdt so van dd cdn giai quyet nham nang cao hidu qua thuc hidn phap luat bao ve trat tu, an toan xa hdi cua luc luqng Cdng an nhan dan trudc tinh hinh va nhiem vu mdi Vdi muc dfch trdn, nhidm vu cua luan an - Trdn ccr so ly luan cua chu nghia Mac-Ldnin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh va nhung quan didm cua Dang ta vd phap luat, lam sang to nhung van dd vd thuc hidn phap luat hoat ddng cua luc luqng Cdng an nhan dan vdi tu each la phuong tidn dua phap luat vao cudc sdng, la nhung bien phap co ban dd thuc hidn chuc nang bao vd trat tu, an toan xa hdi - Ly giai va chung minh su cdn thidt phai nang cao hidu qua thuc hidn phap luat cua luc luqng Cdng an nhan dan linh vuc bao vd trat tu, an toan xa hdi, gop phdn ddi mdi toan didn cac hoat ddng cdng tac cdng an tinh hinh mdi - Danh gia dung thuc trang thuc hidn phap luat linh vuc bao vd trat tu an toan xa hdi 10 nam d6i mdi bao gdm ca mat lam duqc, mat chua lam duqc Xac dinh nguydn nhan cua mat thieu sot, khuydt didm - Trinh bay nhung ydu cdu vd thuc hidn phap luat dd bao vd trat tu, an toan xa hdi giai doan mdi; xay dung duqc phuemg hudng va hd thdhg cac giai phap cung cac kidn nghi va dd xuat nham gdp ph£n nang cao hieu qua thuc hien phap luat hoat ddng cua luc luqng Cdng an nhan dan Doi tiffing vd pham vi nghien cicu cua luan an Thuc hien phap luat ia mdt van dd rdng ldn va duqc thuc hien thong qua cac hinh thuc: tuan thu phap luat, thi hanh phap luat,-van dung phap luat va ap 47- Pham Quang My: Qua trinh xay dung va phat trien co quan didu tra tir sau each mang Thang den nay, Tap chi CAND sd 7-1994 48- Nghien cuu tuong Ho Chi Minh ve nha nude va phap luat Vien Nghien cuu khoa hoc phap ly; Bo Tu phap - 1993 49- Nhung van kien vd su chi dao cua Dang ddi vdi cbng tac cbng an (19751980) Nxb CAND, Ha Nbi - 1993 50- Nhung van kien vd su chi dao cua Dang ddi vdi cbng tac cbng an (1981- 1986) Nxb CAND, Ha Nbi - 1993 51- PTS Tran Dinh Nha: Ddi mdi tb chuc co quan didu tra Tap chi Nha nude va phap luat, sd 1-1996 52- Phap lenh luc luqng Canh sat nhan danVibt Nam, Bd Noi vu, Ha Nbi- 1989 53- Pham Dang Phu: Qua trinh ddi mdi b Viet Nam: Thanh tuu, khuydt didm va bai hoc Tap chi Cbng san sd 17-1995 54- Quydn ngubi, quydn cbng dan su nghiep dbi mdi b Viet Nam Hoc vien Chinh tri Qudc gia Hd Chi Minh, 5-1993 55- Truong Huu Qudc: Mbt sd van dd vd chuong trinh qudc gia phong chdng tbi pham Tap chi CAND sd 7-1996 56- Rut - xb G.G.: Ban vd khd udc xa hbi Nxb phd Hb Chi Minh 1995 57- Tai lieu hudng din hoc tap van kien Dai hbi VU Dang cbng san Viet Nam Nxb Tu tuong van hoa, Ha Nbi-1991 58- Thuat ngu phap ly phd thbng, Tap U Nxb Phap ly, Ha Nbi-1987 59- Tir didn nghiep vu phd thbng Vien Khoa hoc cbng an, Bo Noi vu-1977 • 60- Tim hidu mot sd khai niem du thao chien luqc kinh te-xa hbi Nxb Tu tuong van hoa-1991 61- Tbi pham kinh te, tbi pham hinh su qua trinh chuydn sang ndn kinh td thi trudng - Thuc trang, nguyen nhan va giai phap - Vien Khoa hoc cbng an, Ha Nbi 1995 133 62- Thuc trang tiem luc an ninh - Vien Khoa hoc cong an Bd Ndi vu-1995 63- PTS Tr£n Van Thao: Qu^hai nam thuc hien Chi thi 175 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu vd cdng tac Phdng chav, chua chav - Tap chi CAND so 31994 64- Le Thanh: Ve dam bao trat tu, an toan giao thdng dudng bo va trat tu, an toan giao thdng dd thi - Tap chi CAND sd 7-1995 65- Nguydn Xudn Thao: Canh sat trai giam vdi vdn de thuc hien quvdn ngudi trai giam - Tap chi CAND so 4-1996 66- Le The Tiem: Tiep tuc ddi mdi toan didn cdng tac Canh sat nhan dan Tap chi CAND sd 3-1994 67- Pham Thi Thu Thanh - Trdn Ha: Tap bai giang ly luan co ban vd Nha nude va phap luat - Trudng Dai hoc tdng hop phd Hd Chi Minh 68- PGS, PTS Nguydn Phu Trong - Trdn Dinh Nghiem: Nghien cuu nghi quyet Dai hdi Dang toan qudc giua nhiem ky cua Dang - Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha Noi - 1994 69- PGS TS Dao Tri Uc: Nhung van de ly luan co ban vd phap ludt - Nxb /Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Ndi 1993 70- PGS TS Dao Tri Uc : Tang cudng tinh thdng nhdt cua phap che, nghiem chinh tu&n theo va chdp hanh phap ludt, Tap chi Cong san sd 3-1995 71- Vi cudc ddu tranh chdng budn ldu nhung nam qua chua dat hieu qua cao, mdt sd kidn nghi va de xudt Vien Khoa hoc cdng an -1994 T2- PTS Vo Khanh Vinh: Vai trd cua phap ludt viec td chuc thuc hien quydn luc nhdn ddn Tap chi Cong san sd 15-thang 11/1995 134 Phu luc so 1: CO CAU TOI PHAM Tdi danh Giai doan trudc ddi moi (Ty le % so vdi 209.716 vu pham toi dupe phan tich) Giai doan sau ddi mdi (Ty le % so vdi 286.579 vu pham tdi dupe phan tich) - Tham L7 0,94 - Cd y lam trai 0,5 0,47 - Lira dao chiem doat al san XHCN 0,46 - Hdi Id 0,08 0,04 - Budn lau, budn ban hang calm, lam hang gia kinh doanh trai phep 35,29 35 - Gie't nguoi 1,01 1,63 - Cudp 1,34 3,52 - Cuong, hiep dam 0,54 0,73 - Co y g&y thuong tich 3,81 4,17 - Huy hoai tai san cdng ddn 0,15 0,56 - Trom cap tai san rieng ' cdng dan 38,3 41,83 - Lira dao chiem doat tai san cdng dan 3,01 2,67 - Bat coc tre em 0,04 0,12 - Gay rdi trat tu cdng cdng 1,13 - Chdng ngudi thi hanh cdng vu 1,13 - Cac loai khac 14,23 6,60 Theo so lieu C12 - Tong cue CSND TINH HINH NGUOl NUdC NGOAI VAO VIET NAM rnu luc so 2: Nguai co CD Theo soliCu Cl3 - Tdng cue CSND Phu luc so 3: > TOM TAT VU AN DONG BANH (LANG SON) Ddng Banh la mdt tram kidm soat co td chuc va quy md ldn hoat dong 24/24 gid Viec tidu cue cua cac nhan vien tram Ddng Banh didn cong khai trang trqn dudi cac hinh thuc ddi va nhan hdi 16, thu tidn thue' nhung khong ghi bidn lai dd tham tai san xa hoi chu nghia hoac thdng qua bon "cuu van", "ddu gdu" d quanh tram de nhan tien hdi Id trudc xe den la md barie cho di ■ Hdi 23h30 23/4/1993 cac trinh sat bat qua tang nhan vien tram kiem soat lidn nganh Ddng Banh thi hanh nhidm vu da doi va nhan hdi 16 tridu ddng cua mdt thuong gia budn ban chd canh tu Ha Ndi ldn Lang Son Bdn ddi tuqng la Pham Huah - can bd PCI5 (Phong canh sat kinh td) Cdng an Lang Son, Vu Trong Hanh - can bd PCM (Phdng canh sat hinh su) Cdng an Lang Son, Hoang Phong - can bd thue tinh Lang Son, Ndng Tudn can bd thue tinh Lang Son Kiem tra sd tien quay thu thue cua ca true tu 18h den 23h30 co 22.090.000 ddng, nhung the hien bidn lai chi co 16.195.000 ddng Nhung nguoi lam ca khdng giai thich duqc ngudn gdc du 5,8 tridu ddng Kham xet khan cdp chd a cua ddi tuqng trdn thu thdm duqc 263.904.000 ddng, 170 nhan dan td, 6.6 cay vang, ddng hd Midd, xe may vd chu khdng gia'y td hqp 16 Trong qua trinh kham xet trinh sat phat hien mdt sd horn sat nghi van ma chu nhan khdng biet ro sd tien bdn va khdng ly giai duqc ngudn gdc sd tien Md horn cua Dang Vi, can bd PCI5 cdng an Lang Son phat hien co 30.743.000 ddng, horn cua Ngd Minh, can bd thue co 30 tridu ddng, 1700 USD, cay vang Kham xet tiep nha Hoang Phong thu thdm tridu ddng 137 Tuy nhien xet thay viec tham tien thue' cua Nha nude vdi thu doan thu tidn nhung khdng vidt bien-tai la'hanh vi phd bien, da xay d nhieu tram kiem soat thu thue khac cua tinh Lang Son, co thd cd viec dua hdi lo cho cap cao hem, luc lupng didu tra quye't dinh khai thac md rdng vu an Luu Van Nhip, tram truong tram kidm soat lien hop Ddng Banh dupe chon la ddi tupng chu ydu dd tdn cdng, Nhip da cd thdi gian cdng tac d tram, cd quann he mdt thidt vdi lanh dao cac tram khac va vdi lanh dao Cue thue tinh Lang Son Nhip da khai viec tham o va dua hdi Id cho lanh dao cue thue va xay d tdt ca cac tram thu thue khac cua tinh Lang Son th nhidu nam Nhung ddy la vu an cue ky khd, vi luc dd chi cd nhd't mdt Idi khai, viec tham d, dua va nhdn hdi Id d cac tram kiem soat thu thud vd tai Cue thud tinh Lang Son khdng cd hoa don, chung tu, sd sach, gidy td, bidn nhdn gi chung minh vd cung khdng cd nhdn chung Tuy nhidn, vdi quyet tdm didu tra, kham pha bdng dupe vu an de gop phdn tich cue vao cudc ddu tranh chdng tham nhung, co quan didu tra da dd xud't ldn cac cdp lanh dao cho chon vu an lam vu an diem de tdp trung chi dao ddu tranh va cd su thdng nhdt chi dao cua cac co quan bao vd phap ludt Dupe su nhdt tri cua cac cdp cd tham quyen, ,co quan didu tra da khdi td 17 bi can, cd cue phd Cue thue tinh Lang Son (1 nguydn la cue truong), truong, phd phong cua Cue thue (nguydn la tram truong cac tram Ddc Quyt, Tdn Thanh, Huu Nghi), tram truong (1 la tram truong tram Ddng Banh, th tram truong tram moc 16, sau la tram truong tram Km3), tram phd (Ddng Banh) va can bd thue vu vd cac tdi cd y lam trai, tham o, dua va nhdn hdi 16 Trong sd ddi tupng da khdi td, co quan didu tra da ldn lupt bdt giam 14 bi can de tdp trung xet hdi va thu giu 70 lupng vang, 10.100USD, 124 trieu ddng tien mat, nhieu nha, da't, d td, xe may, ti vi, sd tiet kiem va cac 138 tai san khac la vat chung cua vu^an Vdi tai lieu didu tra da chung minh dugc su phat sinh, phat tridn cua td chuc toi pham nav nhu sau: Thi hanh Chi thi so 118 cua Ban Bi thu, cuoi nam 1988, UBND tinh Lang San cho md mdt sd dudng sang Trung Qudc dd nhan dan hai nude di lai tham than va trao ddi hang hoa TO dd cac tram kiem soat lidn nganh dugc lap de thu thue ti$u ngach Luc dau cac can bo cdng tac d tram kidm soat thu thue mdi chi lgi dung chuc quydn dd sach nhidu va ggi y xin tidn ngudi di budn Vd sau ho cdng khai, trang trgn thu tidn thue nhung khdng vidt bidn lai thu thue hoac thu nhidu nhung vidt it dd lay tidn chia Vdi thu doan nay, cac nam, tir 1989 ddn 1993 nhan vidn cac tram kidm soat thu thud' cua tinh Lang San da chid'm doat cua Nha nude hang chuc ty ddng thue Chi tinh rieng bi can la can bd thud' vu da tung co thdi gian cdng tac d cac tram ki&n soat thu thud bi khdi td', bat giam vu nay, theo lai thu nhan cua chung, da dugc ddng bon chia 2,5 ty ddng tien thue hudng thu ca nhan TO 27-3 dd'n 1-4 nam 1995 Toa an nhan dan tinh Lang Son da md phidn toa sa tham cdng khai xet xu vu an, tuyen phat an tu giam vdi ta't ca cac bi cao, dd cd an tu chung than, an tu giam 20 nam, sd lai cd an tu giam tir dd'n 15 nam Theo tap chi' CAND sd 12 - 95 > • Phu luc sd 4: TINH HINH THUC HIEN PHaP LENH DIEU TRA HINH SU - Loai y kien thu nhat: Theo Chi thi 26 cua Bo noi vu cac thu trudng la cue trudng, phd cue trudng cue canh sat dieu tra (d Bo) va trudng phong, phd trudng phong canh sat didu tra (d cap tinh) mdi duqc thu trudng co quan canh sat dieu tra uy nhidm thuc hidn cac quyen luit td tung hinh su giao Theo quy dinh tai Di6u 22 cua Phap ldnh td chuc didu tra hinh su khdng quy dinh vide "uy nhiem" cho cac phd thu trudng khac cdng an d muc cuoi cua Chi thi cd doan ghi " sau dd neu xac dinh duqc dd'i tuqng g&y an thi bao cao thu trudng co quan didu tra dd thu trudng phan cdng lam tiep nhung vide can "nhung quydn ma thu trudng uy nhiem" Nghia la lai "phan cdng" lam tiep vu an ddn ket thuc Trong thuc td da xdy nhung viec lam trai quy dinh cua Bd luat td' tung hinh su va phap lenh td chuc dieu tra hinh su Chinh vi vay da co trudng hqp vien kiem sat nhan dan tra lai ho so vu an vdi ly do: Didu 20 cua Phap ldnh td chuc didu tra hinh su quy dinh viec "uy thac didu tra" cho "co quan didu tra khac duqc giao nhiem vu tidn hanh mdt so hoat ddng dieu tra" 2- Loai y kien thu: hai: Thuc trang hoat ddng phd'i hqp giua co quan canh sat dieu tra vdi cac luc luqng canh sat hinh su, canh sat kinh te hoat dong dieu tra tdi pham theo Bd luat td' tung hinh su va phap lenh td chuc dieu tra hinh su cho tliAy dang cdng nhung vudng mic, tdn tai Luc luqng canh sat hinh su, canh sat kinh td' chua thuc hien hdt nhiem vu, quydn han khoi td' vu an hinh su quy 140 dinh tai Dieu 10, Phap lenh td chuc dieu tra hinh su Hoat ddng phdi hop didu tra cac vu an chua rd ddi tuqng g£Ly an hoc Io nhidu han che, bi ddng, anh hudng den chat luqng didu tra kham pha an chua ro thu pham, ty le dieu tra kham pha an thap Trong hoat ddng phoi hqp dieu tra nhung vu an bdt giam, giu ddi tuqng va khdi td tai ngoai dd khai thac md rdng an cdn ydu kem; hieu qua thdp, lam han che ddn kdt qua didu tra, xu ly tdi pham Nhung tdn tai han chd tren su tac ddng cua hang loat nhan td khach quan, chu quan khac nhau, co thd ndi mdt nguydn nhan cor ban la: - Mdt bo phan can bd chua cd nhan thuc diy du vd nhiem vu, trach nhidm phdi hqp didu tra duqc quy dinh cac van ban phap luat; cho rang luat khdng quy dinh trach nhiem bat budc nen chi phdi hqp cd tinh hd trq - Vai trd, vi tn cua luc luqng trinh sat didu tra tdi pham chua duqc xac dinh dung muc, da lam anh hudng den tmh tich cue vide thuc hidn trach nhiem phdi hqp didu tra tdi pham - Su chia cat vd mat td chuc, khdng tap trung vao mot dau mdi chi dao mdt co quan didu tra, giua luc luqng dieu tra td tung vdi luc luqng trinh sat da khdng tao duqc su thdng nhat vd y chi va hanh dong phdi hqp didu tra vi lqi ich chung 3- Loai y kien thit ba: Didu tra tdi pham co quan didu tra tidn hanh la hoat ddng giap ranh giua hanh phap va tu phap TO quan niem quyen tu phap la hoat ddng xet xu _ cua cac toa an va nhung hoat dong cua cac co quan khac cua Nha nude true tidp lien quan ddn xet xu, nen hoat dong didu tra nhim thuc thi quydn tu phap va co quan didu tra khdng thd nim ngoai he thdng cac co quan tu phap Ranh gidi khd xac dinh va vi tri dac thu cua co quan dieu tra co cau t6 chuc bd may Nha nude khdng chi lam sinh nhung vin dd phai giai 141 quvet nhu mdi quan he giua ca quan didu tra, dieu tra vien va thu truong quan ly ma la moi quan he giua*ho.at dong kiem sat hoat dong dieu tra va cdng tac tra noi bd Nganh cdng an Mac du luat td tung hinh su quy dinh kha ro rang pham vi cdng tdc kidm sat ddi vdi hoat dong didu tra theo td tung hinh su, song ranh gidi ldn ldn giua dieu tra theo luat td tung hinh su va didu tra ngoai pham vi td tung ndn vide kidm tra, giam sat ddi vdi cac co quan didu tra va cac co quan duqc giao nhiem vu tien hanh hoat ddng didu tra nhu thd' nao, td chuc van la nhung van dd tdn dong Co quan didu tra duqc td chuc luc luqng Canh sat nhan dan, An ninh nhan dan, Quan ddi va Vien kidm sat Bdn canh cac co quan didu tra mang tinh cha't chuydn trach ddng dao cac co quan khac cung duqc giao nhiem vu tien hanh mdt sd' hoat ddng didu tra Viec quy dinh luat quydn va nghia vu didu tra chung cho mdt loat cac co quan khdng ddng nha't vd tinh cha't, vi tri va nhiem vu da dan dd'n nhung khap khidng khd tranh trien khai thuc hien cac hanh vi dieu tra cu thd Vi vay, ddi mdi va hoan thien co quan didu tra cung co nghia la lam hqp ly hoa hay la tao co chd' didu chinh khoa hoc, thdng minh cac moi quan he rong hoat dong dieu tra Thuc tidn cho thay, mac du da cd nhung dieu chinh, sua ddi nha't dinh, song nhin tdng thd thi he thd'ng td chuc va hoat ddng cua co quan didu tra hidn chua dap ung day du ydu cdu chung ma Bd luat td' tung hinh su dat la: phat hidn chinh xac, nhanh chdng va dieu tra kip thai, cdng minh moi hanh vi pham tdi, khdng dd lot tdi pham, khdng lam oan nguoi vd tdi Can thiet phai nghidn cuu de ddi mdi Theo tap chi' CAND so' 10 - 93, so 4-94 va so'4-96 142 Phu luc so 5: J MOT SO TOI XAM PHAM TTATXH CAN NGHlfiN CtTU SUA DOE HOAN THIEN - Ve tdi chdng pha trai giam (Dieu 84) Dd nghi nghien cuu them ddi vUcmg chdng pha la trai tam giam, nha tam giu, vi thuc te nhung ngudi pham vao tdi xam pham an ninh qudc gia dang thdi gian bi tam giu hoac tam giam cung co the co hanh vi chdng pha trai vi muc dich chdng chinh quydn nhan dan hoac cd the duqc ngudi khac vao danh thao, vi muc dich chdng chinh quydn nhan dan - Ddi vdi tdi cd y khdng cuu giup ngudi dang tinh trang nguy hidm ddn tinh mang (Didu 107) Dd nghi bd didu kien "dan den chdt ngudi" cdu ccr ban Bdi vi thuc td cd ngudi bidt hoac gay tinh trang dd nhung cd y khdng cuu giup ngudi dang tinh trang nguy hidm ddn tinh mang khdng bi chdt la vi cd ngudi khac ddn cuu giup thi ngudi cd tinh khdng cuu giup ban dau phai bi truy cuu trach nhiem hinh su Hau qua "din ddn chdt ngudi" la tinh tiet tang nang dd chuydn khung hinh phat cao nhat - Ddi vdi tdi cd y gay thucng tich (Dieu 109) De nghi nghien cuu de quy dinh cu thd vao didu luat muc dd thuong tich can truy cuu trach nhidm hinh su, quy dinh rd nhung trudng hqp chua ddn muc dd thucng tich nhung van edn truy cuu trach nhidm hinh su, quy dinh rd muc dd thucng tich nang, tdn* hai la bao nhieu phan tram sue khoe co dd van dung - Ddi vdi tdi bat, giu hoac giam ngudi trai phap luat (Didu 119) Dd nghi nghien cdu quy dinh viec bat, tam giam ngiroi (chang han lenh bat, tam giam bi can co su phd chudn cua Vien kidm sat) va nghien cuu mdi lidn quan vdi cac tdi quy dinh tai cac dieu 231, 232 Bd luat hinh su dd dam bao su "tuong xung" mat chu quan cua cac tdi pham 143 - Ddi vdi tdi dua vao su dung cac phuong tien giao thdng khdng dam bao an toan (Didu 188) va toi vi pham cac quy dinh ve an toan lao dong, bao ho lao ddng (didu 190) Dd nghi sira ddi theo hudng tang hinh phat va md rong dien chu thd (bao gdm ca chu xe tu nhan va chu tu nhan thud ngudi lam viec) dd phu hop vdi thuc td xa hdi hien nay, bao vd quydn lqi cho ngudi lao ddng - Ddi vdi tdi chua mai dim, tdi mdi gidi mai dam (Dieu 202) Dd nghi sira ddi theo hudng tang hinh phat Co the’ quy dinh muc tdi da ldn tdi 15 nam hoac 20 nam tu Bdi vi muc dich cua ddu tranh lam giam td nan gai mai ddm, trung phat nang va nghidm khac ddi vdi bon chu chua, bon mdi gidi mai ddm se cd tac dung han che mdt nhung didu kien phat trien - Ddi vdi tdi td chuc dung chat ma (Didu 203) De nghi sira ddi tang hinh phat vd bd sung ndi dung "cac chdt gsLy nghidn khac" Ddi vdi tdi ndy~ hoac la ndi rd ch£t ma la nhung chdt gi vao dieu luat Bdi vi thuc td' co trudng hop dung cac chdt cd tac dung ki'ch thich gdy nghidn duqc tach tir thudc tan duqc dd tidm chich cho nhieu ngudi Dd nghi bd sung thdm tdi dung thudc phien hoac cac cha't ma tuy, cac chat gay nghidn khac vao Bd luat hinh su de’ dap ung kip thdi cdng tac phong chdng va kidm soat ma - Ddi vdi tdi trdm cap tai san xa hdi chu nghia va toi trdm cap tai san cua cdng dan (Didu 132, 155) Dd nghi quy dinh ro nhu the nao la "trdm cap tai san" vao didu luat dd dd van dung va dam bao su tucmg xung vdi cac tdi pham khac (nhu y kien da neu phan ky thuat lap phap) - Ddi vdi tdi kinh doanh trai phep (Didu 168) De nghi bd dieu kidn "da bi xu ly hanh chinh vd viec kinh doanh trai phep " Neu lan dau kinh doanh trai phep ma hang hoa co gia tri ldn, ngang vdi gia tri cua tan gao trd ldn thi phai bi truy cuu trach nhiem hinh su Thuc td' chung minh rdng ne'u dd didu 144 kien "da bi xir ly hanh chinh ” ma vi pham thi ra't khd xu ly dat hieu qua ddi vdi tdi > - Ddi vdi tdi trdn thue (Dieu 169) Dd nghi quy dinh cu thd cac muc dd "sd luqng ldn" va "sd luqng rdt ldn" la bao nhieu tidn Co thd quy dinh theo gia gao d thudi didm pham tdi Theo chung tdi, co thd quy dinh trdn thue vdi sd luqng ldn la tdn thue vdi sd tidn thue tucmg duong vdi gia tri cua t£n gao trd ldn, sd luqng ra't ldn la tuong ducmg vdi gia 15 t£n gao trd ldn - Ddi vdi tdi luu hanh san pham kem pham chat (Didu 177) Dd nghi nghidn cuu md rdng thdm didn chu the ddi vdi tdi Khdng ndn chi dinh d nhung ngudi co trach nhiem chi dao san xua't, kidm tra chat luqng san phdm, phan phdi, luu thdng, ma co thd’ md rdng ddi vdi ca nhung ngudi tidu thu va nhung ngudi Iqi dung thdi diem tidu huy hoac thdi co nao lay cap san pham mang tidu thu Mac du vay khdng phai la hang gia nhung vi kem pham chat ndn co hai cho ngudi tidu dung, nhat la nhung thdi di£m quan - Ddi vdi tdi xam pham md ma, hai cot (Dieu 204) De nghi nghidn cuu bd sung thdm ndi dung "xam pham thi thd ngudi chet” vao didu luat dd phdng ngira va dau tranh chdng cac hanh vi danh trao hoac lay cap cac bd phan thi thd cua ngudi da chet ma theo xu hudng phat tridn cua khoa hoc ky thuat ma cac hanh vi hien dang co d mdt sd nude khac, cung co thd xay d nude ta - Ddi vdi tdi chdng ngudi thi hanh cdng vu (Dieu 205) Dd nghi-nghidn cuu quy dinh cu the vd hanh vi va muc dd hau qua ca'u tang nang, co hanh vi (chdng can bd, chien sy luc luqng vu trang), chang han chdng lai canh sat dang lam nhiem vu Ve hinh phat ca'u tang nang cung nen quy dinh muc dd cao hem dd the hien tinh nghiem khac cua phap luat ddi vdi nhung ngudi co hanh vi chdng lai ngudi bao vd phap luat 145 — I - Ddi vdi tdi khdng chjjp hanh ban an (Dieu 240) De nghi bd dieu kien Hac du da bi ap dung bien phap cudng che can thiet" Thuc te da chiing ■inh rang neu dd dieu kien thi vd tinh lu^Lt quy dinh ca quan cbng an ■ai cudng che ddi vdi t£t ca cac ddi tuqng da co an phat tu thi mdi dua duqc ■o den noi thi hanh an Bd dieu kien nav dieu luat se dam bao tinh ■ghiem kh^c cua phap luat, han che duqc cac trudng hqp da cd ban an cd hieu L phap luat ma pham nhan trdn khong xu ly kip thdi I - Ddi vdi tdi trdn khdi noi giam (Didu 245) Dd nghi sira ddi, bd sung ten Li tdi danh cua didu la "trdn khdi noi giam giu" Trong cau co ban Lnghi sira ddi, bd sung nhu sau: "Ngudi nao dang bi giam, tam gian, tam giu ■hoac dang bi dan giai ma bd trdn ’’ Bdi vi thuc hanh vi van xay phong chi d trai giam ma ca d trai tam giam, nha tam giam Ddi vdi nhung [ngudi dang bi tam giu hoac tam giam d nha tam giu, trai tam giam ma trdn thi [cung phai xu ly theo didu cua Bd luat hinh su I - Ddi vdi cac tdi pham ma ndi dung didu luat co quy dinh muc dd yi ■< [pham hoac muc dd hau qua bang cac cum tir "sd luqng ldn", "hang pham [phap cd gia tri ldn", "thu nhap bat chinh ldn", " gay hau qua nghiem trong", ["gay hau qua dac bidt nghiem trong", "gay thiet hai nghiem ddn tai san f ’ ■> , , cua ngudi khac", " gay thucng tich nang hoac ton hai nang cho sue khoe cua ngudi khac" edn duqc quy dinh cu thd Ddi vdi uuc khde ngudi edn quy dinh ro ty le phan tram bi tdn hai; Ddi vdi tai san, hang hoa can quy dinh rd gin tri bang tidn mat (lay ddi tuqng lam chudn la gia gao chang han) nhu cac thOng tu lien nganh da hudng dan ddi vdi mdt sd loai tbi pham cu thd - Tbi vi pham cac quy dinh vd quan ly nha Hidn co mbt sd van dd cin IPSuien cuu sira ddi: k Tinh thuc thi cua didu luat bi han che Dac biet v.di cac hanh vi Kpuydn nhuqng nha trai phep xay phd bien, song hau nhu khdng bi truy td, 146 lam giam hieu luc phap luat Nhieu hanh vi vi pham nghiem che quan ly nha chua duqc ghi nh^y nhu: Quye't dinh hoa gia ban nha, bd nha sai phap luat Hinh phat quy dinh qua nhe nhat la khdng quy dinh hinh phat tien (chinh hoac phu) - Toi vi pham cac quy dinh vd bao ve va sir dung cac di tich lich sir, van hoa, danh lam, thang canh gay hau qua nghiem (Dieu 216) De nghi phai tang hinh phat dd'i vdi toi Thuc tidn vua qua co nhung vi pham rat nghiem gay hau qua khon ludng, co nhung trudng hqp khdng the khdi phuc lai duqc Viec cho lay da nung vdi lam sap nui tuqng nang Td Thi la mdt vi du qua didn hinh Va mdt sd' tdi khac nua Theo tap chi CAND sO 8-94 147