Study on the status of medicinal plants in kim son cummune, kim boi district, hoa binh province

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM FORESTRY UNIVERSITY STUDENT THESIS PROPOSAL Title Study on the status of medicinal plants in Kim Son commune, Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province Major: Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Student: Bui Thi Thanh Nhan Student ID: 1153091143 Class: K56 Natural Resources Management Course: 2011 - 2015 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Dr Le Xuan Truong Ha Noi, November./2015 ADKNOWLEDGMENT After a period of study and research in the university, thanks to the helping of Natural Resource Management department-Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management, Vietnam Forestry University, under the instruction of Dr Le Xuan Truong, I have conducted the topic: “Study on the status of medicinal plants in Kim Son commune, Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province.” Till now have I completed the topic, to get this result in addition to the efforts of myself there is enthusiastic support of teachers in Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management, the encouragement and support of family, friends and Kim Son commune people helped me to completed topic First of all, I would like to thank Dr Le Xuan Truong has enthusiastically helped me during the implementation of thesis I would like to thank People's Committee in Kim Son commune, administration broad, Statistics Committe, population boards, committees, administrations and local communities have helped me in the process to implement the thesis Sincerely thank! Hanoi October 10th 2015 Bui Thi Thanh Nhan TABLE CONTENT ADKNOWLEDGMENT TABLE CONTENT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES I INTRODUCTION - II LITERATURE REVIEW - 2.1 In the world - 2.2 In Vietnam - 2.2.1 Resources of medicinal plants in Vietnam - 2.2.2 Status of medicinal plants research in Vietnam - III GOALS AND (SPECIFIC) OBJECTIVES: - 3.1 Goals - 3.2 Objectives - IV METHODS AND STUDY SITE - 4.1 Field surveys - 4.2 Community survey methodology - 10 4.3 Data processing - 11 4.4 Assess the level of threat - 11 4.5 Natural condition - 12 4.5.1 Geographic location - 12 4.5.2 Topography - 12 4.5.3 Climate and Hydrology - 12 4.5.4 The other resources - 13 4.6 Socioeconomic conditions - 14 - 4.6.1 Development Status of economic sectors - 14 4.6.2 Population, labor, employment and income - 15 4.6.3 Development Status of infrastructure - 15 4.6.4 Education and Training - 16 4.6.5 Health - 16 V RESULT - 17 5.1 Diversity about medicinal plant: - 17 5.1.1 Diversity follows these steps classification - 17 5.2 Some rare species of medicinal plants in Vietnam's Red Book - 22 5.3 Exploitation situation of medicinal plants for use in the community - 23 5.4 Exploitation situation of medicinal plants for sale - 23 5.5 The difficulties in the cultivation of medicinal plants, knowledge, attitudes and practices of people in the conservation and development of medicinal plants - 25 5.5.1 The difficulties in the cultivation and conservation of medicinal plants - 25 5.5.2 Transfer knowledge and experience in the use of medicinal plants - 26 5.5.3 Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Muong communities in the conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants in the area - 27 5.5.4 Solution in sustainable management of medicinal plants - 27 CONCLUSION, EXISTENCE AND PROPOSALS - 29 Conclusion - 29 Proposal - 30 REFERENCES LIST OF TABLES Table 5.1: Distributions of medicinal plants are popular in Kim Son commune - 17 Table 5.2: Diversity number of plant families - 18 Table 5.3: Diversity of life forms of medicinal plant’s Kim Son people - 19 Table 5.4: Diversity of plant parts used drugs - 20 Table 5.5: Distribution of plant and disease group rate (%) - 21 Table 5.6: List of species included in the Red Book of Vietnam - 22 Table 5.7: List of species exploited for trafficking - 24 - LIST OF FIGURES Figure 5.1: Diversity in the distribution of medicinal plants - 19 - I INTRODUCTION In all of human culture from ancient times to now, people have always respected plants as a source of essential medicines protect health Located in the belt of tropical hot and humid monsoon, Vietnam plant resource is abundant and diverse Among the plant species found in Vietnam (about 12,000 species) have a lot of species has potential to be used as medicines In 1952 the French botanist published in throughout Indochina has 1,350 species of medicinal plants belonging to 160 different plant families, then in 1996, Vo Van Chi announced as medicines flora in Vietnam 3200 species By 2005, according to the Institute of Medicine, Vietnam has 3948 species belonging to 307 families of branches and groups of vascular plants, flora and fungus levels low And according to the latest figures, 2012 Vo Van Chi was published in the book "Dictionary of medicinal plants in Vietnam" with nearly 4700 species as medicines plants Number of medicinal plants which we know has increased very significantly This proves that the investigation of medicinal flora in Vietnam can be much larger This can be considered as potential sources of pharmaceutical materials, need to invest in research in the future Medicinal plants in Vietnam are largely used empirically in each ethnic community Uniqueness in the use of medicinal plants have shown in the experience of the individual or of each ethnic community This valuable experience which has helped to build up the background of traditional medicine with a history of thousands of years However, the valuable experience can gradually be lost, and resources of medicinal plants are substantial drop, many species are in danger of extinction Vietnam is a country with the large rate of deforestation in the world (McKinnon & Cox, 1991), current stock primeval forests remaining 1% of the total land area The forest will be destroyed forest resources in that loss, including many medicinal plants -1- If we want to survey, sustainable exploitation and rational use of resources, we need to first know what plants in that area? How much it is? Where they grow? How is the current status? To answer these questions it is necessary to survey, assess the status and potential of medicinal resource Kim Son commune is one of the commune in center of Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province, mainly is Muong ethnic Kim Son commune has a high percentage of forest land of the district, along with the resources of medicinal plants are abundant in rare species that have or are at risk of extinction in the wild as: Ardisia gigantifolia, Peliosanthes teta, Muong ethnic people here have a long tradition in the use of plants as medicine So far there are many known species and is written in the book of medicinal plants or statistics, but there are still many species of medicinal plants are Muong ethnic people here use traditional experience that we not know However, for many different reasons such as resource extraction irrational medicine plants, forest clearing, lack of interest of the younger generation that many rare medicines in From the above reasons I propose to research topics: ”Study on the status of medicinal plants in Kim Son commune, Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province.” -2- II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 In the world In worldwide, the medicinal plants resources are very rich and variety It is estimated that there are about 35,000 to 70,000 of the 250,000 species of vascular plants are used in medicinal purposes (WHO, 1993) Almost of these species are distributed in Asian countries such as: China has over 10,000 species (Shan-An He & Ning Cheng, 1997), India has about 7500-8000 species (Darshan Shankar, 1996), there are about 7500 species in Indonesia, Malaysia has about 2,000 species, more than 700 species in Nepal, Sri Lanka has about 550-700 species, South Korea has about 1000 species (Lee Yong Jong, 1998) Latin America, where 1/3 of the world's plant species have also traditionally used medicinal plants for long time, especially indigenous people The countries in Africa have fewer species such as Somalia, about 200 species (Nirmak K Bhattarai, 1997) and Botswana have over 314 species (Inga Hedberg, Frants Staugard) Experience and local knowledge of medicinal plants used by the world communities have similarities and also differences This depends on geography, customs and cultural traditions of each nation Countries are considered to have traditional medicine developed very early (last 3000-5000 years) such as China, India, and Indonesia Along with the trend of globalization, resources and knowledge of using medicinal plants of different cultures are being researched and thoroughly exploited to serve the health care of community and social economic development According to the World Bank (WB, 1993), at the global level, medicinal plants serve main demands: the pharmaceutical industry, the health care system, individuals who practice traditional medicine and family health care In worldwide, the value of the pharmaceutical industry using plants is 800 billions per year (Gerard Boderker, 1998) Hong Kong has been identified as the largest medicinal plants market in the world, the annual pharmaceutical -3- inputs worth U.S $ 190 million, of which 70% is used in local and only 30% are reexported, some medicines are imported in the same period was $ 80 million (Norman R Farnsworth, 1998) 2.2 In Vietnam 2.2.1 Resources of medicinal plants in Vietnam Vietnam is the crossroads of many ethnic groups and cultures, in which the most important are two streams of Chinese culture and India culture Vietnam is one of the countries has high biological diversity with about 12,000 species of vascular plants, as well as the wealth of knowledge using medicinal plants, of which there are about 6,000 species used as medicines, vegetables, timber, dye,… about 3200 species of plants and fungi are recognized as valuable or potentially medicinal Vegetation resources concentrated in main biodiversity centers in the Northeast, Hoang Lien Son, Cuc Phuong, Bach Ma, Tay Nguyen and Da Lat (Tran Van On, 2003) According to the pharmacological industry, there are about 40 hospitals of traditional medicine, there are 5000 peoples practicing traditional medicine and nearly 4000 consulting of oriental medicine , there are about 700 species commonly referred in the oriental books, books on medicinal plants, 120 species are often use as medicinal plants to cure common diseases in family The herbal demand for traditional medicine around 30,000 tons per year In the pharmaceutical industry sector, the country has about 286 pharmaceutical manufacturing facility is producing goods from plants, including 170 separate production facilities oriental medicines 1294 drugs have been produced from plant materials or extracts from plants, accounting for 23% of 5577 permitted drug production and circulation from the year 1995-2000, 435 species of plants were used Demand for pharmaceutical industry sector is about 20000 tons and 10000 tons for export annually -4- 2.2.2 Status of medicinal plants research in Vietnam Traditional medicine of Vietnam has longstanding From the Hung Vuong (2900 BC) had use plants as spices in culinary and treatment There are hundreds of medicines from Giao Chi of the Chinese were introduced and used such as Y Di (Coix lacrymal-jobi), Hoac Huong (Pogostemon cablin) Many well-known physician in the study of plants and medicinal plants such as: Monk Nguyen Minh Khong as know as Nguyen Chi Thanh (Ly Dynasty: 1010-1224) used many medicinal plant to treat for the people and the king - In 1937, Vu Nhu Lam mentioned about medicinal properties, uses, dosage way, the taboo of some traditional medicines - When Vietnam is an independent country, Professor -Dr Do Tat Loi has researched and compiled "Pharmacognosis and medicines of Vietnam" and later published the "Medicinal plants and remedies of Vietnam" - In 1966, pharmacists Vu Van Chuyen published "The summary of family characteristics of medicinal plants" In 1980, Do Huy Bich and Bui Xuan Chuong introduced 519 species of medicinal plants; including 150 new species discovered in the "Handbook of medicinal plants in Vietnam" and in 1993 published the "Resources of medicinal plants in Vietnam." - In 1973, Phan Ke Loc published “The list of plants contains tamin in North Vietnam." - Le Tran Duc who published episodes of "Growing and harvesting of medicinal plants" with many research about ethnic medicines - In 1994, Le Nguyen Khanh and Tran Thien Quyen published "The remedies esoteric experiences of herbalist" - In 1995, Vuong Thua An released "Good medicines around us" -5- APPENDIX 33 I LIST OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN KIM SON Name L No Parts W/C Scientific Common Local F ba chạc S Prescriptions used Ngành Hạt Magnoliophyta kín Lớp Hai Magnoliopsida mầm Rutaceae Họ Cam Erodia lepta Merr ba chạc WC leave scabietic leave, Acronychia rheumatism, bưởi bung bai bái W WC root, pedunculata(L) Miq bone fractures fruit Glycosmis cơm rượu bịn bon H W quất hồng bì giổi W WC Clausena whole skin diseases leave, lansium.(Lour)Skeels itches stem Zanthoxylum fever, stem, planispinum Sieb, et sẻn gai đắng cay W W stomachache, fruit Zuce itches, digestive Họ Thanh Simaroubaceae thất Euricoma longifolia bách bệnh lở leo L W whole itches Jack bark, Quassia amara L thằn lằn thằn lằn L W fever, digestive root Acanthaceae Họ Ô rô 34 Pseuderanthemum palatiferum (Nees) xuân hoa khỉ S WC leave laxative Radlk Strobilanthes Cơm affinis cơm nếp bundle broken S WC whole nếp (Griff.) Y.C targ bones Họ Cỏ roi Verbenaceae ngựa Clerodendrum bấn 10 petasites (Lour.) bạch đồng nữ leave, H W trắng itches, pimple root Moore leave, Premna intergrigolia dysentery, vọng cách 11 cách S WC stem, L digestive root Họ Dây gối Celastraceae leave, Celastrus afterpains, hindsii xạ đen 12 xạ đen S WC cancer, itches, Benth.et.Hook stem Menispermaceae pimple Họ Tiết dê arthritis, Stephania rotunda 13 bulb, bình vơi củ ngủ H WC Lour neuralgia, root antidote Coscinium stomachache, hoàng 14 fenestratum (Gaertn.) vàng đằng đằng Colebr Fabaceae stem, L WC diarrhea, root duodenitis Họ Đậu 35 Flower, 15 Sophora japonica L Hòe hòe H C stem Pueraria lobata, syn Khánh 16 Sắn dây P L C Root dây thomsonii,P.trilobata neurasthenia, 17 Mimosa pudica L trinh nữ xấu hổ S W Whole hepatitis, insomnia Desmodium calculus, 18 styracifolium (Osb.) kim tiền thảo mắt trâu H W Whole strangury Mer dây sản 19 Derris heptaphylla dây thàn mát L W Stem L WC Whole Afterpains hậu cam 20 Abrus precatorius L cam thảo nephritis, thảo Họ Cà phê Rubiaceae Morinda hepatitis officinalis 21 ba kích ba kích L WC whole backache How stomachache, Oldenlandia 22 bịi ngịi tía cẩm L W Whole canker, sore eapitellata Kunteze throat bướm Mussaenda bướm bạc 23 Gardenia jasminoides Ellis S dành dành chi tử lưỡi rắn corymbosa.L Whole rheumatism S WC Root Cirrhosis H W Whole Snakebites xà thiệt Oldenlandia 25 W bạc pubescens Ait.f 24 nephritis, thảo 36 Caesalpiniaceae 26 Caesalpinia sappan.L Họ Vang tô mộc páy W W Stem Tonic S W Root Malaria Họ Thầu Euphorbiaceae dầu xương Fluggeavirosa bỏng nổ 27 Roxb.ex.willd cá Acalypha diarrhea, tai tượng 28 cỏ tre brachystachya Horne H WC Leave pneumonia, ngắn m cough tai tượng Acalypha itches, viral xạ xanh 29 hispida Burm.f S WC Leave xanh hepatitis Microdesmis 30 chẩn não W W Leave Fever caseariaefolia Hook Euphorbia thymifolia hepatitis, cỏ sữa nhỏ 31 cỏ sữa H W Leave Burnn Bischofia dysentery javanica leave, nhội 32 nhội H WC Blume bark Excoecaria leave, đơn đỏ 33 Gynecological đơn tía S WC cochinchinesis Lour itches, pimple stem phượng 34 Tokinesis Gagnep khổ sâm dysentery, S WC Leave công Rosaceae stomachache Họ Hoa hồng Rubus 35 leave, me mói tiêu L W cochinchinensis Tratt 36 Indigestion stem Anacardiaceae Họ Điều Rhus semialata Murr cà muối trám 37 S W Leave allergic, muối haemorrhoids Họ Cúc Asteraceae Grangea 37 maderaspatana (L.) cải đồng cúc dại H leave, itches, viral stem hepatitis Whole Sinusitis W Poir 38 Hgeratum conizoides L cứt lợn cứt lợn H W wound, 39 Blumea balsamifera L đại bi đại bi H W Leave scabietic leave, 40 Bidens pilosa L đơn buốt đơn kim H WC Stomachache stem antidote, 41 Eclipta olba Hassk nhọ nồi nhọ nồi H W whole hypotension 42 Artemisia vulgaris (L) Wedelia ngải cứu ngải cứu H Leave, Flu stem stomachache WC chinensis antidote, sài đất 43 Khài đất H W stem (Osbeck) Merr Symplocaceae antifebrile Họ Dung Symplocos glomerata stomachache, 44 subsp congesta var chè dung dưa W WC leave diarrhea congesta Họ Nho Vitaceae bạch Cissus modeccoides 45 chìa vơi phấn Planch đằng Amaranthaceae Họ Dền 38 L stem, arthritis, root neuralgia WC Achiranthes bidentata calculus, tonic, cỏ xước 46 cỏ xước H W whole Blume bone fractures mào gà 47 Celosia cristata L mào gà đỏ H W whole Strangury đỏ Họ Nhân Araliaceae sâm Schefflera octophylla bark, đáng 48 sâm nam W W (Lour.) Harms Antifebrile root leave, Polyscias gỏi fruiticosa đinh lăng 49 afterpains, bone S (L.) Harms WC stem, cá fractures root Schefflera octophylla 50 sâm nam (Lour.) cirrhosis, W WC root, digestion, bark rickets fruit Cough chim Họ Dâu tằm Moraceae 51 leave, chân Morus alba L dâu dâu W W leave, hoàng 52 Streblus asper Lour duối W stem, antidote, bark, antifebrile WC anh mộc root 53 Trophis scandens Lour duối leo then đá L W whole Cough dây mã tiền bại liệt L WC seed Paralytic ngón ngón L W leave Antidote Họ Mã tiền Loganiaceae Surychnos 54 nuxvonica.L Gelsemium 55 clegans Beth 39 Myrsinnaceae Họ Đơn nem khôi 56 Ardisia silvestris Pit khôi leave, W W nhung Stomachache root Họ Khoai convolvulaceae lang Impomea batatas (L.) 57 Khoai Khoai lang Lamk Asclepiadaceae Telosma L C bulb flu lang Họ Thiên lý cordata 58 leave, dây thiên lý thiên lý L WC Burm F Streptocaulon root, hà thủ ô trắng 59 Anodyne flower đa lông L WC juventas Merr Cirrhosis bulb Dischidia acuminata tai chuột 60 tai chuột L WC L W whole Nephritis Cost Cucurbitaceae Họ Bí mướp Godgsonia đài hái 61 dại macrocarpa mướp đắng Leave, H W đắng charantia.L Ulcerated stem mướp Momordica 62 leave, treating cough fruit Momordica 63 cochinchinensis gấc gấc L WC Root Nephropathy H WC leave Headache (Lour.) Spreng trường Gynostemma giảo cổ lam 64 sinh pentaphyllum thảo Polygonaceae Họ Rau răm 40 Polygonum 65 củ cốt khí ngái tan H WC root Congestion hà thủ ô hà thủ ô L WC whole Tonic cuspidatum Siebet Fallopia multiflora 66 (Thunb.) Haraldson Polygonum snakebites, rau răm 67 rau răm H C leave ocdoratum Lour 68 toothache Polygonum sinensis.L thồm lồm Oleaceae Họ Nhài Jasminum mụn S WC whole sambae 69 headache, hoa nhài hoa nhài S C flower Ait cough Họ Hoa môi Lamiaceae Agastache rugosa stomachache, hoắc hương 70 xạ vàng W WC leave Fisch Et Mey Leonurus digestion japonicus induce ích mẫu 71 chói đèn H W leave Houtt menstrual flow Schizonepeta kinh kinh giới 72 H C leave Fever H C leave Fever giới tenuifolia Briq 73 Antifebrile Perilla ocymoides L tía tơ tía tơ Họ Dây khế Connaraceae Rourea minor leave, 74 khế rừng Leenh.subsp cơm xôi W WC Hepatitis stem microphylla J.E.Vidal Họ Kim Caprifoliaceae ngân Lonicera 75 japonica dây kim ngân Thumb leave, L nhẫn 41 W allergic, pimple stem, đông Piperaceae flower Họ Hồ tiêu bone fractures, 76 Piper lolot D.DC lốt lốt H C whole toothache Passifloraceae Họ Lạc tiên nhãn 77 Passiflora foetida L lạc tiên itches, viral L W leave lồng hepatitis Họ Long Lauraceae não Cinamomum 78 long não long não W WC whole Hypotension W leave Headache polyadetphum Lour Litsea cubeba (Lour.) 79 màn tang Pers W thang leave, Cinnamommum cassia stomachache, quế 80 quế bì W WC stem, Blume cold, cough bark Họ Mùng Flacourtiaceae quân đuôi Homalium long vĩ 81 82 Eryngium foctidum L H WC lươn cochinchinensis Lour Apiaceae leave, Dysentery stem Họ Hoa tán mùi tàu mùi tàu H C whole Cough stomachache, 83 Centerlla asiatic L rau má rau má H C whole cough Elaeagnaceae Họ Nhót 42 Elaeagnus thượng latifolia nhót rừng 84 Roxb flatulence, S W leave công miasma Họ Nhựa Aquifoliaceae ruồi 85 Ilex cymosa Blume nhựa ruồi đơn nem S W W W leave bone fractures stem, ithches, sore bark throat Họ Núc nác Bignoniaceae nam Oroxylum indicum 86 núc nác hoàng (L.) Kurz bá Họ Sim Myrtaceae Rhodomyrtus leave, 87 sim sim S W tomentosa Ait Họ vòi voi Boraginaceae leave, diuretic, root, laxative, bark, fruit antifebrile Backache thiên đầu Cordia 88 trái keo dichotoma Forst f Convolvulaceae 89 Stomachache bulb Cuscuta hygrophilae Pears W W thống Họ Bìm bìm thỏ ty tử tơ hồng L W whole bỏng cui H W leave Họ Thuốc Crassulaceae bỏng Kalanchoe pinnata burn, thuốc bỏng 90 Lam Mimosaceae stomachache Họ Trinh nữ Acacia pennata subsp 91 hainanensis (Hayata) leave, dây sú lục chạc I Nielsen L WC stem, root 43 Rheumatism Thymelaeaceae Họ trầm Rhamnoneuron 92 balansae (Drake) Gilg dó giấy dó giấy W leave, bone fractures, root rheumatism W in Engl & Prantl Lớp Liliopsida mầm họ Huyết Dracaenaceae giác bồng bồng bồng Dracaena hepatitis, bồng 93 angustifolia Roxb H W leave núi calculus xanh Họ Lúa Poaceae Chrysopogon aciculatus itches, viral cỏ may 94 cỏ may H W whole (Retz.) Trin hepatitis Zingiberaceae Họ Gừng thiền 95 Kaempferia galanga L địa liền H WC bulb cough, diarrhea niền stem, Curcuma zedoaria nghệ đen 96 nghệ tím H WC root, Stomachache Roscoe bulb stem, Alpinia officinarum stomachache, riềng 97 riềng ấm H C root, Hance digestion fruit Họ Dứa Pandanaceae Pandanus tectorius calculus, dứa dại 98 dứa mập Parkinson S WC whole hepatitis 44 Họ Củ nâu Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea củ mài 99 củ mài L WC whole Nephritis hoa hộp H C leave Dysentery persimilis.Prainet.Burk Họ Huyết dụ Asteliaceae Cordyline fruticosa huyết dụ 100 (L) Goepp Họ Lô hội Asphodelaceae Aloe vera L.var constipation, lô hội 101 nha đam H C leave chinesis (Haw.) Berger cough, burn Họ Măng tây Asparagaceae itches, viral Sanseviera trifasciata lưỡi hổ 102 lưỡi hổ S WC leave hepatitis, Prainvar nephritis Họ Mạch Convallariaceae môn đông mạch Ophiopogon mạch môn 103 root, H WC đông japonicus Wall bone fractures bulb foetal 104 Peliosanthes teta Andr sâm cau sâm cau H WC root derangement, hypertension Họ Ráy Araceae Alocasia odora arthritis, ráy đen 105 ráy đen H W bulb (Roxb) C, Koch Iridaceae neuralgia Họ Lay ơn sâm đại Eleutherine tỏi đỏ 106 bulbosa (Mill.) Urb anaemia, H hành 45 WC bulb headache Ngành Pteridophyta dương xỉ Lygodiacea 107 Họ bòng bong Bòng bong Bòng nhỏ bong Lygodium flexuosum Polypodiaceae H W stem Nephritis Họ Dương xỉ dysentery, cỏ đuôi 108 Pteris multifida Poir cỏ xeo gà H W whole nephritis, bone gà fractures 46 II Some traditional prescription of local people in Kim Son Investigation prescription is one difficult process because it is associated with the trade secret of the local people However, through the process of investigation areas gathered at Kim Son, Kim Boi, Hoa Binh, I have collected a the number of prescription as follows: - Hepatitis, jaundice: celastrus hindsii Benth.et.Hook, agastache rugosa, Chrysopogon acicuỉatus, Grangea maderaspatana , passiflora foetida L., Cyperus rotundus, Adenosma caerulea R.Br (All user leaves, roasted dried before use) - Ascites liver fibrosis (stage +2): Schefflera heptaphylla, Premna serratifolia, streptocaulon juventas, Ramus Loranthi, (use root), mussaenda pubescens, root of gardenia jasminoides Ellis (roasted dried before use) - Kidney disease (edema), glomerulonephritis: Desmodium styracifolium, leave of Premna serratifolia,(use times will done) Stomach and intestinal disease: Croton tonikensis Gagnep, (leave and root), Ardisia silvestris Pit., derris heptaphylla, Camellia sinensis (roasted dried before use) - Osteoarthritis: stephania rotunda Lour, Alocasia odora, Motacilla flava (roasted dried before use) 47