Remote sensing and gis application for forest change detection in kim tien commune kim boi district hoa binh province

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY STUDENT THESIS REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATION FOR FOREST CHANGE DETECTION IN KIM TIEN COMMUNE, KIM BOI DISTRICT, HOA BINH PROVINCE Major: Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Student: Nguyen Thi Hue Student ID: 1453091261 Class: K59B Natural Resources Management Course: 2014 – 2018 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Assoc Prof Tran Quang Bao Hanoi, 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT Chapter I INTRODUCTION Chapter II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 General information 2.2 Development of remote sensing and GIS 2.3 Features of Landsat images 2.4 Remote sensing and GIS application 2.4.1 Agriculture 2.4.2 Forestry 2.4.3 Urban planning 10 2.4.4 Land cover mapping 10 Chapter III 11 OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 11 3.1 Objectives 11 3.2 Methodology 11 3.2.1 Study site 11 3.2 Methodology 12 3.2.1 Data sources 12 3.2.2 Interviewed data 13 3.2.3 Data processing 14 3.2.4 Image classification using NDVI 16 3.2.5 Field survey 17 Chapter IV 20 NATURAL AND SOCIAL-ECONOMIC CONDITION 20 4.1 Natural condition 20 4.2 Social-economic condition 23 Chapter V 30 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 30 5.1 Forest cover in Kim Tien in the period 1995 – 2018 30 5.1.2 NDVI of study area 30 5.1.3 Forest Cover in Period 1995 - 2018 31 5.1.4 The accuracy of classified forest map 33 5.2 Forest cover change detection in study site from 1995 to 2018 38 5.2.1 Forest change detection from 1995 to 2002 38 5.2.2 Forest change detection from 2002 to 2011 40 5.2.3 Forest change detection from 2011 to 2018 42 5.2.4 Forest change detection from 1995 to 2018 44 5.3 Driving forces of forest cover change 46 5.3.1 Forest increase 46 5.3.2 Forest decrease 47 5.4 Solutions for forest protection and management 49 5.4.1 Strengthen forest management and protection 49 5.4.2 Support local people on forest plantation and improving their livelihoods 49 5.4.3 Raise awareness of local people in forest protection 50 5.4.4 Increase investment on forest protection and afforestation projects 50 5.4.5 Enhance technological application in forest protection and management 51 Chapter VI 52 CONCLUSION, LIMITATION, FURTHER STUDY 52 6.1 Conclusion 52 6.2 Limitation and further study 53 APPENDIX APPENDIX REFERENCES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis would not have been possible without the support and help from several people I would like to express our special appreciation of following people who supported me with my sincere gratitude: I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to my supervisor Dr Tran Quang Bao for his encouragement untiring and excellent guidance, valuable suggestions in my thesis His comments and advices have helped me to finish my thesis I would like to thank the teachers in Vietnam National University of Forestry who have imparted us the knowledge to perform this topic I am also thankful to Prof Lee MacDonald for his enthusiasm in guiding me to construct thesis proposal I would like to express my gratitude to the Head of commune for support and giving me chance to study in commune Besides, I also thank the local authorities, people for providing me valuable time and information for my study Last but not least, I want to give my gratitude to my parents who always encourage and support me Hanoi, October 2018 Hue Nguyen Thi Hue ABBREVIATIONS CGIS Canadian Geographic System ERS European Radar Satellite ERTS Earth Resources Technology Satellite ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute ETM+ Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus GIMMS Geographic Information Mapping Manipulation System GIS Geographic Information System GPS Geographic Position System MSS Multispectral Scanner System MTL Metadata NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index OLI Operational Land Imager SPOT Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre SYMAP Synagraphic Mapping System TIRS Thermal Infrared Sensor TM Thematic Mapper LIST OF TABLES Table 5.1: The categories classification framework 35 Table 5.2: The accuracy of classification method in 1995 35 Table 5.3: The accuracy of classification method in 2002 36 Table 5.4: The accuracy of classification method in 2011 36 Table 5.5: The accuracy of classification method in 2018 37 Table 5.6: Forest cover change in the period 1995-2002 38 Table 5.7: Forest cover change in the period 2002-2011 40 Table 5.8: Area of forest cover change in the period 2011-2018 42 Table 5.9: Forest cover change in Kim Tien in the period 1995-2018 44 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1: Map of study site 11 Figure 3.2: Landsat image of study site in 1995, 2002, 2011, 2018 13 Figure 3.3: Landsat processing and classification 15 Figure 5.1: NDVI classification of Kim Tien commune 31 Figure 5.2: Forest distribution in Kim Tien in 1995, 2002, 2011, 2018 32 Figure 5.3: Chart of area of land use types in Kim Tien over period 1995-2018 33 Figure 5.4: Map of ground true points distribution in 2018 34 Figure 5.5: Map of forest cover change in Kim Tien in the period 1995-2002 39 Figure 5.6: Chart of forest cover change in Kim Tien in the period 1995-2002 39 Figure 5.7: Map of forest cover change in Kim Tien in the period 2002-2011 41 Figure 5.8: Chart of forest cover change in the period 2002-2011 41 Figure 5.9: Forest cover change in Kim Tien in the period 2011-2018 43 Figure 5.10: Chart of forest cover change in Kim Tien in the period 2011-2018 43 Figure 5.11: Map of forest cover change in Kim Tien in the period 1995-2018 45 Figure 5.12: Chart of forest cover change in the period 1995-2018 45 ABSTRACT Remote sensing technology and GIS are considered as an effective and objective tool in monitoring and evaluating environmental resources, especially in the determination of forest area fluctuations In this study, Landsat TM satellite images in 1995, 2002, 2011 and Landsat OLI/TIRS in 2018 of Kim Tien, Kim Boi were used to classify and identify areas of forest change, degraded forest and rehabilitated forest NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) method was chosen to classify the information from satellite image The accuracy of image classification method given 84.35% in 2018, 81.75% in 2011, 80% in 2002 and 75.65% in 1995 This result shows that, image classification using NDVI method combined with field survey had provided high accuracy to construct forest change in case of lacking of data to examine historical images The study has constructed a database on forest land and forest status maps for 1995, 2002, 2011, 2018; maps of forest change during periods 1995 – 2002, 2002 – 2011, 2011 – 2018 in Kim Tien commune The result show that, from 1995 to 2018, an area of forest land had gone down about 208.17ha The study also shows that the difficulty of forest protection management in the commune by poor people’s lives, people are not fully aware of the responsibility for forest management and forest protection, the weakness in forest management network of the commune On this result, the study has recommended some solutions for better forest management, include: Strengthening forest management and protection, raising awareness of local people in forest protection and enhancing the applications of technology Chapter I INTRODUCTION Forest plays a significant role in environmental protection Forests are important renewable natural resources and have an important role in preserving an environment suitable for human life It participates in air regulation, absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, provides fresh air Forest restricts flood, drought, prevent erosion and landslide It also provides shelter, food source of many wildlife animals In Vietnam, forest represents the characteristics of tropical rainforest In the past, forest area was declined seriously According to the forest inventory and planning institute, from 1979 to 1990 natural forest declined 2.7 million hectares account for 1.7%/year In period 1999- 2005, the area of rich natural forest decreased by 10.2% and the medium forest decreased by 13.4% (Hanoi Association for forest plantation and ecological protection, 2010) The main reasons of that status are, illegal logging, conversion of forest to agricultural land In recent years because of forest plantation and protection policies of the government, forest cover has increased significantly Forest cover in 2016 is 41.19% (MARD, 2016) Nowadays, the development of technology of earth observation satellite, remote sensing imagery and geographic information systems have proposed applications in many field of science and management In natural resources and environmental management, they support human in construction, management and storage database Natural resource management involved in forestry sector Currently many state, and private forestry agencies, governments are implemented Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) for various applications Geographic data with spatial dimensions is useful for understanding ground conditions, also useful for strategic decisions Remote sensing techniques used to investigate changes in land use land cover in the field of forestry Remote sensing technology is very useful for analyzing change detection and mapping of the land cover of the forest, culture data extraction Satellite data has multi-time, multi-resolution, covers huge area quality to help us collect information quickly without directly contact The using of high resolution remote sensing images in resource management has been a new direction for planning natural resource Landsat program consists of a series of remote sensing satellites developed by NASA which provide since 1972 for land monitoring Since 1972, there has been eight Landsats were launched: Landsat-1, Landsat-2, Landsat-3, Landsat-4, Landsat-5, Landsat-6, Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 Landsat acquisition over million images of all place in the world, and millions of images were downloaded Given the huge availability of Landsat data, land cover monitoring is affordable and reliable GIS and remote sensing provide scientific and reliable data that traditional mapping method can not With the requirement of updating quickly, high accurate information about change of forest cover, the application of GIS and remote sensing is necessary for today and the future Besides that Kim Tien is a part of buffer zone of Thuong Tien Natural Reserve that used to be a problem area about uncontrolled harvest forest, and now there is no research about forest land in the area Because of this reasons I have this study “Remote sensing and GIS application for forest change detection in Kim Tien commune, Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province from 1995 to 2018” - Supporting the investment in the planting of industrial trees, fruit trees, specialty cash crops, grazing livestock such as buffalo, goat, pig, In addition, local government should have vocational training for local people and develop number of occupations, especially the use of local resources such as rattan, making broom Investment, planning and construction of roads to facilitate the transportation of forest products after mining from plantations, reducing transportation costs 5.4.3 Raise awareness of local people in forest protection - Promoting propaganda and education will create a strong change in the awareness, sense and responsibility of individual, cadres, enterprises, population communities, households and all citizens towards forest protection and development That make they clearly recognize the important role of forests in socio-economic development, the protection of the ecological environment and the negative impacts of climate change Forest management, protection and development is the responsibility of the entire political system, agencies, organizations, households and individuals, especially in forested areas; strengthening the supervision of people, communities, mass organizations, mass media agencies for the management, protection and development of forests - Mobilize local people to actively participate in afforestation projects 5.4.4 Increase investment on forest protection and afforestation projects Strengthening national and international cooperation in forest management and protection, locality should effectively use development assistance funds from international organizations, governments and non-governmental organizations From 1999 to 2010, the project 661 was operated forest area increased, but when it finished forest decreased more, cause during the time project was implementing, the community still maintains effective forest protection as it is supported by protection costs However, at the end of the project, the protection of the forest was not maintained regularly, 50 leading to the occurrence of forest destruction and conversion of land use So that increasing the number of projects is necessary to forest management The capital from projects can help local governments to pay the cost of forest management and protection Continue to involve national and international organizations in programs to protect forest, biodiversity, climate change adaptation and sea level rise, improving environmental sanitation and people life condition The government should invest in economic development and occupation for the local people aims to reduce poverty, avoid over-reliance on forest resources 5.4.5 Enhance technological application in forest protection and management - Promoting technological applications in the area, including collecting information, managing the databases and tracking the change in forest resources from satellite images, digital technology, updating information… - Promoting training courses, workshops is need for staffs to familiar with new technology and can apply them widely in forest management 51 Chapter VI CONCLUSION, LIMITATION, FURTHER STUDY 6.1 Conclusion With the combination of Remote sensing technology and GIS in determining forest change detection by Landsat images in Kim Tien commune, through this case study, some conclusions can be drawn: The research has successfully in using Landsat images to develop a database and map of forest status in 1995, 2002, 2011 and 2018, maps of forest changes in the period 1995 – 2002, 2002 – 2011, 2011 – 2018 for the research area Forest cover was 87.33% in 1995 88.53% in 2002, 88.95% in 2011 and 79.38 in 2018 According to the results of the analysis of forest changes using the Landsat images, the forest area in the study area increased from 1995 to 2011 and decreased from 2011 to 2018 In the whole period, the area of forest decreased from 1,899.18ha to 1,726.2ha and the area without forest increased from 275.46ha to 448.47ha This result shows that forest land management and forest plantation projects in the research area is operated not effectively and one project was implemented is not enough to improve forest deforestation in the commune The results of the study show that the image classification by using NDVI method has high accuracy it is more than 75%, which has shown the ability to apply this method in forestry field and constructing of maps of forest status and assessment in the case that lack of database However, other classification methods need to be combined to ensure higher accuracy Although locality carried out plantation project, forest area decreased in the whole research period is more than forest increased The causes of forest degradation is poverty and lack of understanding of local people, lead to uncontrolled harvesting forest and non-timber forest products 52 The research suggested some solutions to solve these causes that are improving local people’s livelihood, raising their awareness in forest protection, increasing investment on forest management and protection applying technology in forest management 6.2 Limitation and further study Although it has achieved some significant results, due to lack of time and budget, the study still has some shortcomings The ground point is small The research needs to increase the number of sample points to assess the accuracy of image of the past years Besides, the research need to use high resolution images such as SPOT, QuickBird, IKONOS , to get higher accurate maps It also should combine the use of other classification methods in parallel with the NDVI method to achieve higher accuracy Land use classes on the map is not enough Land use can be divided more than classes like: residential water, bare land, plantation forest, natural forest The research found out the reasons of forest decreasing but it just a result of a short time survey So time research needs to be prolonged to find out the reasons that forest change in each period and suggest appropriate solutions The research also recommends some solutions, but these solutions can be applied as sample in a time So that the commune can select suitable methods for culture, economic ability as well as forest management capacity of people and local authorities 53 APPENDIX Local people interviewing questionnaire General information Name: Gender Occupation: Ethnicity: Religion: Question: Have you stayed here for long time? If no, where did you migrate from? And when? Why you immigrate here? What is your main income? Do you shifting cultivation? - How much is your cultivation area? - Do you burn forest for cultivation? - How many time you burn forest per year? Do you graze cattle in forest? Do you have any forest area? - If yes, how many area you have? - What types of forest trees you grow? Acacia - Eucalyptus Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Yes/No Bamboo Other: If you don’t grow forest trees, what types of plant you grow? Fruit Food crops Do you harvest wood? - How many time you harvest wood per year? Yes/No Do you harvest non-timber forest? 10 Do you know role of forest? + I don’t know + Forest is area for breeding livestock, cultivating + Forest provide wood, non-timber forest: medicinal plants, bee honey, aninal + Forest reduces flood, prevents erosion, regulate air 11 Do you know any plantation project in your local area? Yes/No 12 Do you participate these projects? - Yes/No If no, why? Local authorities and staff interviewing questionnaire General information Name: Gender: Occupation: Ethnicity: Religion Question: How many hectares of forest land in Kim Tien? What is tending change of forest land in recent years? Increasing or decreasing? What are the reasons? What are plantation projects implemented in the area? Namely - When did projects start and how long they are? - Who were involved in these projects - Did government support localities in implementing such projects? - How you think about the role of local people in forest management? Are there any ecotourism activities in the area? If yes, what are advantages and disadvantages of ecotourism to forest management? Can you give opinion about these issues: Ranking by priority from to Methods to manage and protect forest effectively 1 Allocating forest land to local people manage Establishing forest protection group in each hamlet Strict protection based on the forest law Supporting local people in job training, improving quality of life Carrying out propaganda about the benefits of forests, the harm of forest loss APPENDIX ID X Y 20,646399 105,510448 20,646076 Note ID X Y Note agriculture 116 20,667542 105,5248 agriculture 105,510383 other 117 20,667324 105,5241 agriculture 20,64413 105,509502 forest 118 20,668231 105,5238 other 20,644561 105,509329 other 119 20,667126 105,5233 other 20,643692 105,508889 forest 120 20,665454 105,5243 agriculture 20,642195 105,508744 forest 121 20,664508 105,5236 agriculture 20,643272 105,510535 other 122 20,664521 105,5244 other 20,642546 105,510794 forest 123 20,668695 105,5246 other 20,642171 105,510713 other 124 20,669626 105,5259 other 10 20,642539 105,510485 forest 125 20,667411 105,5227 other 11 20,642073 105,509988 other 126 20,666078 105,5228 other 12 20,64237 105,510138 forest 127 20,66389 105,5225 other 13 20,643015 105,510593 forest 128 20,664348 105,5215 agriculture 14 20,644072 105,510954 other 129 20,664092 105,5228 agriculture 15 20,646633 105,510503 agriculture 130 20,663871 105,5198 agriculture 16 20,646834 105,510628 agriculture 131 20,663146 105,5208 agriculture 17 20,647736 105,516372 agriculture 132 20,662761 105,522 agriculture 18 20,647482 105,516222 agriculture 133 20,662046 105,5199 agriculture 19 20,647594 105,516776 agriculture 134 20,661318 105,5196 agriculture 20 20,646837 105,515979 other 135 20,661254 105,521 forest 21 20,644698 105,516621 other 136 20,661567 105,5216 forest 22 20,645648 105,51296 other 137 20,660258 105,5224 other 23 20,646779 105,516264 other 138 20,660616 105,5211 other 24 20,659082 105,511845 other 139 20,660761 105,5197 other 25 20,660708 105,511071 other 140 20,661233 105,519 other 26 20,660625 105,509695 other 141 20,661688 105,5182 other 27 20,662821 105,508387 forest 142 20,661914 105,5169 other 28 20,663123 105,50766 forest 143 20,662232 105,5185 forest 29 20,663169 105,507294 forest 144 20,661189 105,5178 other 30 20,663433 105,506989 forest 145 20,661447 105,5173 forest 31 20,663344 105,505932 forest 146 20,661625 105,5155 other 32 20,663574 105,504828 forest 147 20,662644 105,519 other 33 20,66364 105,504036 forest 148 20,662604 105,5165 forest 34 20,660734 105,511044 forest 149 20,67127 105,5255 other 35 20,658922 105,511894 other 150 20,670996 105,5227 other 36 20,658913 105,511871 other 151 20,671515 105,5189 other 37 20,63676 105,48026 other 152 20,670798 105,5166 other 38 20,649762 105,51799 forest 153 20,666589 105,5181 other 39 20,660443 105,517662 other 154 20,663529 105,5175 other 40 20,654777 105,516756 other 155 20,662859 105,5206 other 41 20,652974 105,516717 other 156 20,668592 105,515 other 42 20,650628 105,515038 other 157 20,669239 105,5129 other 43 20,65003 105,516073 agriculture 158 20,652052 105,5125 forest 44 20,650297 105,51698 agriculture 159 20,669154 105,5109 other 45 20,649083 105,515656 agriculture 160 20,638869 105,5161 other 46 20,648414 105,515436 agriculture 161 20,642146 105,5191 other 47 20,647577 105,514535 agriculture 162 20,670281 105,5077 other 48 20,647154 105,513703 agriculture 163 20,669108 105,5038 other 49 20,645891 105,512986 agriculture 164 20,672648 105,5216 forest 50 20,645926 105,511694 other 165 20,672821 105,5176 forest 51 20,645123 105,513146 other 166 20,674739 105,5165 forest 52 20,646114 105,513626 other 167 20,676255 105,5136 forest 53 20,646563 105,515392 other 168 20,676952 105,5088 forest 54 20,646164 105,517516 other 169 20,67437 105,5088 forest 55 20,646835 105,518643 other 170 20,672396 105,5109 forest 56 20,644609 105,520675 other 171 20,670748 105,5152 forest 57 20,645808 105,52148 other 172 20,670437 105,517 forest 58 20,64682 105,522311 other 173 20,669026 105,5128 forest 59 20,646348 105,52364 other 174 20,667806 105,517 forest 60 20,645412 105,523461 other 175 20,664681 105,5175 forest 61 20,650064 105,522406 other 176 20,6614 105,5144 forest 62 20,649766 105,523665 other 177 20,664318 105,5107 forest 63 20,64969 105,526282 other 178 20,664922 105,5062 forest 64 20,646803 105,527532 other 179 20,664511 105,5025 forest 65 20,646044 105,526609 forest 180 20,674089 105,5045 forest 66 20,646668 105,525415 agriculture 181 20,676634 105,5074 forest 67 20,645011 105,525113 forest 182 20,666173 105,5022 forest 68 20,645089 105,526469 other 183 20,654578 105,4974 forest 69 20,643241 105,525516 forest 184 20,653156 105,5019 forest 70 20,640496 105,52124 forest 185 20,650363 105,506 forest 71 20,641827 105,521886 other 186 20,645947 105,505 forest 72 20,642277 105,519234 other 187 20,643197 105,508 forest 73 20,644058 105,51641 other 188 20,644578 105,4952 forest 74 20,643232 105,516579 forest 189 20,642406 105,5002 forest 75 20,641424 105,517361 forest 190 20,643404 105,5083 forest 76 20,643441 105,51445 forest 191 20,643386 105,4881 forest 77 20,640411 105,514887 forest 192 20,640147 105,4872 forest 78 20,638848 105,516092 other 193 20,638731 105,4941 forest 79 20,642669 105,514849 forest 194 20,636314 105,5016 forest 80 20,637296 105,511353 forest 195 20,673344 105,5149 agriculture 81 20,635995 105,511364 forest 196 20,670959 105,5157 agriculture 82 20,635173 105,509673 forest 197 20,670169 105,5154 agriculture 83 20,6354 105,512456 forest 198 20,669211 105,517 agriculture 84 20,636446 105,515142 other 199 20,655582 105,4989 forest 85 20,63402 105,509218 other 200 20,655631 105,5072 forest 86 20,635416 105,510687 forest 201 20,648511 105,5028 forest 87 20,631914 105,515389 forest 202 20,661655 105,5024 forest 88 20,639559 105,519566 forest 203 20,651498 105,5102 forest 89 20,637877 105,519494 other 204 20,6328 105,499 forest 90 20,63687 105,521711 other 205 20,628919 105,5127 forest 91 20,645113 105,526525 other 206 20,640805 105,5075 forest 92 20,63335 105,52713 forest 207 20,660626 105,5131 agriculture 93 20,64202 105,52687 forest 208 20,649026 105,5157 agriculture 94 20,63804 105,525535 forest 209 20,647745 105,5141 agriculture 95 20,63887 105,529118 forest 210 20,651374 105,5196 agriculture 96 20,634556 105,525988 forest 211 20,647745 105,5141 agriculture 97 20,63826 105,528837 forest 212 20,652064 105,5225 agriculture 98 20,650652 105,529733 forest 213 20,654857 105,5239 agriculture 99 20,650669 105,527118 other 214 20,665777 105,5197 agriculture 100 20,65147 105,5281 other 215 20,647333 105,5287 agriculture 101 20,650293 105,52847 other 216 20,651254 105,5273 agriculture 102 20,649687 105,526282 other 217 20,651994 105,5262 agriculture 103 20,654132 105,523752 agriculture 218 20,654835 105,5187 agriculture 104 20,654447 105,524389 agriculture 219 20,658096 105,5203 agriculture 105 20,655411 105,523822 agriculture 220 20,663726 105,519 agriculture 106 20,655475 105,524434 other 221 20,644556 105,519 agriculture 107 20,655458 105,525458 other 222 20,644915 105,519 agriculture 108 20,65585 105,52744 other 223 20,645686 105,519 agriculture 109 20,657899 105,527858 forest 224 20,645767 105,5204 agriculture 110 20,659496 105,527754 forest 225 20,653571 105,5194 agriculture 111 20,661345 105,526409 forest 226 20,651733 105,5193 agriculture 112 20,662915 105,526352 forest 227 20,650043 105,52 agriculture 113 20,664869 105,526232 forest 228 20,66532 105,5201 agriculture 114 20,667549 105,526211 other 229 20,664703 105,5226 agriculture 115 20,666374 105,525423 other 230 20,664285 105,5221 agriculture REFERENCES Afirah Taufik, Sharifiah Sakinah Syed Ahmad, Asmala Ahmad, 2016 Classification of landsat satellite data using NDVI threshold Dang Ngoc Quoc Hung, Ho Dac Thai Hoang, 2009 Studying the forest vegetation cove in Bach Ma National Park, Thua Thien Hue province Department of the Interior U.S Geological Survey, 2016 Landsat (L8) Data Users Handbook Forest Science Institute of Vietnam, 2009 Vietnam 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III OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY 3.1 Objectives To apply remote sensing and GIS to construct map and detect forest cover change in Kim Tien commune, Kim Boi district, Hoa Binh province From that,... and GIS to forest cover change and urban planning is now getting attention and interest among GIS and Remote sensing professionals GIS provides foresters with powerful tools for recording, keeping,