Study on the status of environmental quality in huu bang carpentry village

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FORESTRY STUDENT THESIS Title STUDY ON THE STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN HUU BANG CARPENTRY VILLAGE Major: Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Student: Pham Van Thanh Long Student ID: 1453091572 Class: K59A Natural Resources Management Course: 2014 – 2018 Advanced Education Program Developed in collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Nguyen Thi Bich Hao Ha Noi, 2018 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Foremost, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Mrs Nguyen Thi Bich Hao for her motivation and enthusiasm at guiding me in completing my graduation thesis In addition, I also would like to thank the officers who are working at the library and laboratory of Vietnam National University of Forestry Particularly, I would like to say thanks to Mrs Nguyen Thi Ngoc Bích for guiding me how to analyze water samples And I would like to express my sincrere thanks to Mrs Tran Thi Lan vice chairman of Huu Bang commune who provided me with lots of useful knowledge about carpentry Finally, I would like to thank my parents who always support me, and my friends who helped me in my research ii TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i TABLE OF CONTENT iii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF GRAPHS vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION CHAPTER II GOAL AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 2.1 Goal 2.2 Specific objective CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS 3.1 Study site 3.2 Research methods 3.2.1 Manual methods for all sections 3.2.2 To study the current situation of carpentry production process in Huu Bang Town 3.2.3 To study impact of carpentry production on atmosphere 3.2.4 To study impact of carpentry production on water 3.2.5 To study impact of carpentry production on soil 19 CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 20 4.1 Carpentry production in Huu Bang village 20 4.1.1 The supply of raw materials in craft villages 20 4.1.2 Process of wood processing in craft villages 20 4.2 Impact of carpentry production on the atmosphere 22 4.2.1 Noise 22 4.2.2 Results of dust sampling 24 4.3 Impact of carpentry production on the water resources 25 4.4 Impact of carpentry production on soil 30 iii 4.5 Solutions 31 4.5.1 Policy solutions 31 4.5.2 Investigate solution 31 4.5.3 Raising public awareness solution 32 4.5.4 Technolgy application 32 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 34 REFERENCES 36 CHAPTER VI INDEX 37 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Types of interviewee being investigated by questionnaire on quality of air, soil and water in Huu Bang Table 3.2: Standard noise level table Table 3.4: sample volume and thickness of cuvet 14 Table 4.1: Results of noise measurement 23 Table 4.2: Results of water analysis 25 v LIST OF FIGURES Fig 4.1 Process of producing form natural wood 21 Fig 5.1 waste water treatment process 33 vi LIST OF GRAPHS Graph : Compare pH between sample taken and QCVN 26 Graph 2: Compare COD between sample taken and QCVN 27 Graph 3: Compare DO between sample taken and QCVN 27 Graph 4: Compare TSS between sample taken and QCVn 28 Graph : Compare NO2- between sample taken and QCVN 28 Graph 6: Compare P-PO43- between sample taken and QCVN 29 Graph 7: Compare Fe between sample taken and QCVN 30 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BOD Biochemical oxygen demand COD Chemical oxygen demand DO Dissolved oxygen TSS Total suspended solid viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In recent decades, the economy of Vietnam has been growing quickly but at the same time, Vietnam has been facing increasing environmental challenges They are consequences of focusing only on economic development without caring about environmental protection During last 10 years, the numbers of industrial areas has been increasing sharply, and they have brought about many economic benefits to both nation and individuals On the other hand, they are main factors that cause several environmental problems affecting life of human such as environment pollutant and global warming Presently, in Vietnam, some factories are still operating backward technologies that require more energy and generate more wastes There is a lot of evidence to show that a great volume of waste is discharged without being treated or disposed of, and consequently causing environmental pollution These situations show that how close in relationship between economic development and environmental protection For decades, the government has also been facing to another challenge of environmental problems that is related to economic development in rural areas This trouble is named the environmental pollution in traditional handicraft villages The traditional craft village implies that a group of people that has same jobs lives in one community to develop their jobs together The features of these villages are to business together, to develop the economy, and preserve the local identity and characteristics (Pham Con Son, 2004) (Sơn, 2004) Many handicrafts have also been primarily promoted in rural areas of Vietnam Initially, these were extra jobs for the farmers during their free time after harvesting The first purpose was to create necessary commodities to use in daily life After that, farmers realized that they could sell their products to get money to serve their lives Therefore, it interested many people to join and learn to handicraft products Since then, a small group of people has become a big group, and then, a village and even many villages have decided to attend together and produce handicraft outcomes to get benefits from traditional products (Tươi, 2018) Currently, Vietnam has had approximate 2000 traditional handicraft villages that mainly produce a number of goods such as lacquer, ceramics, silver, embroidery, rattan, textiles, papers, and folk paintings, etc These villages are mainly located in the North and Central of Vietnam Trade villages contribute to economic restructuring and promoting the process of industrialization and modernization of rural areas (Hậu, 2012) Restoring and developing traditional handicraft villages is an important strategy of handicraft villages Although the benefits from handicraft production is still low in comparison with industrial production, it still contributes important to the life of households and laborers However, in recent years, environmental pollution in traditional villages has reached alarming levels and seriously affected the environment and human health This story is not new, but there is no satisfactory solution Statistics of the functional sector, the country has over 5,400 trade villages, of which over 1,800 traditional craft villages and villages are recognized The villages have attracted more than 11 million labors, about 30% of the rural labor force, making an important contribution to socio-economic development, helping to raise incomes and improve the living standards of local people (Phong, 2018) However, there are 46% of the villages in the survey area is heavily polluted environment Particularly, with wastewater, organic pollutants in food processing and foodstuff villages, animal husbandry and slaughtering of pollutants exceeds Viet Nam standards dozens of times (Hùng, 2018) Huu Bang town is located in Huu Bang Commune, Thach That District, Ha Noi, along Thang Long Avenue, and about 30 km from the center of Ha Noi Currently, the main livelihoods of people are carpentry (Tươi, 2018) In general, demanding of carpentry products of Asian people is very high, so this is an opportunity for Huu Bang people to remain and develop their traditional handicraft jobs Presently, Huu Bang is considered as the richest commune in Thach That and Quoc Oai districts However, there have been detectable negative impacts of carpentry production on air, water and soil environment (Huy, 2017) or stores selling carpentry product, high traffic but the streets are clean and large, this is where the concentration of Public places such as schools, cafes store, beer store so that, it has to be cleaner than the other two From three samples collected at the field, the impact of carpentry on the air environment in Huu Bang From the survey questionnaire, 100 percent of interviewee responded that air environment of Huu Bang is seriously polluted by carpentry production People going out have to wear mask to protect their face because the density of dust (saw dust and sand) and smoke from vehicle are very high 4.3 Impact of carpentry production on the water resources Results of water analyzing taken at Huu Bang town are shown on table 4.2 Then, the author made comparison with the criteria based on the technical regulations of Vietnam (column B1 QCVN 08/2015) Table 4.2: Results of water analysis No Factors S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 Average QCNV 08/2018 pH 9.1 8.9 10.1 8.7 9.6 8.2 8.4 10.1 9.13 TCVN 6492:2011 DO 245 366 342 301 312 316 322 298 312.75 TCVN 7325:2004 Fe 0.09 1.71 0.19 1.24 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.09 0.45 (mg/l) P-PO43- 1996 0.49 1.44 0.48 2.78 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.68 (mg/l) N-NO2- COD 0.17 0.006 0.023 0.001 80 0.01 0.018 0.020 60 40 80 60 0.02 0.035 60 80 60 TSS TCVN6178: 1996 65 (mg/l) TCVN6694: 2011 TCVN6177: TCVN6177: 1996 126 108 147 166 106 (mg/l) 80 120 78 116.3 TCVN6491: 1999 25 +pH: pH is the measure of the activity of hydrogen ions (H +) in solution and therefore its acidity or base In the aqueous solutions, the activity of the hydrogen ion is determined by the ionic constant of water (Kw) = 1,008 x 10-14 at 25 ° C) and interacts with other ions 12 10 pH lower limit of QCVN 08:2015 upper limint of QCVN 08:2015 2 Graph : Compare pH between sample taken and QCVN The results in Table 4.1 show that in some locations, the pH of water exceeds the allowable in Table B1 QCVN 08: 2015 / BTNMT, so that it is able to conclude that the source of waste has an excessive amount of acid and basalt to change the pH in the water source +COD: The amount of oxygen needed to oxidize the chemical compounds in water, including both inorganic and organic 90 80 70 60 50 COD 40 QCVN 08:2015 30 20 10 26 Graph 2: Compare COD between sample taken and QCVN +DO: is the amount of dissolved oxygen in water required for the respiration of aquatic organisms (fish, muscaria, aquatic plants, insects, etc.) is usually produced by atmospheric dissolution or by photosynthesis of algae 4,5 3,5 2,5 DO QCVN 08;2015 1,5 0,5 Graph 3: Compare DO between sample taken and QCVN The results in the table above show that the DO index at all sampling sites is less than 4ppm, indicating that waste from trading activities in crowded areas such as markets; Waste from densely populated areas that are discharged directly into the water without a high organic matter treatment system will result in rapid growth of organisms and algae resulting in DO levels in the water Reduce + TSS: is the total suspended solids Turbidity is caused by interactions between light and suspended particles in water such as sand, clay, algae, and microorganisms and organic matter in water Suspended solids diffuse light or absorb them and re-emit them depending on the size, shape and composition of the suspended particles and thus allow the turbidity measurement device to be used to reflect the change in type, size and concentration of particles present in the sample 27 180 160 140 120 100 TSS 80 QCVN 08:2015 60 40 20 Graph 4: Compare TSS between sample taken and QCVn It can be seen that the total suspended solids content (TSS) exceeds the permissible limit of column B1 QCVN 08: 2015 / BTNMT The first results have a TSS of more than four The reason is because the first four water samples were taken at locations around the densely populated residential areas where there are more concentrated sewers, so there are more suspended solids, moreover these are areas near markets, consciousness People are not high, there is still litter situation in the surrounding environment to facilitate the development of suspended solids and microorganisms in the water + NO2-: is a compound of nitrogen and oxygen, usually in soil and in water This is a good source of nitrogen for plants Nitrite has harmful effects on health 0,2 0,18 0,16 0,14 0,12 0,1 0,08 0,06 0,04 0,02 N-NO2QCVN 08:2015 Graph : Compare NO2- between sample taken and QCVN 28 From the above chart, only the first sampling location has the NO2-level beyond the permitted limit of QCVN 08: 2015 / BTNMT, while in all other locations the indices are within the threshold allow The first place is 16 times higher than the fourth place, 18 times higher than the other places times Cause In the first place gathered a lot of shells, making the area around the stinky odor unpleasant + PO43-: is an inorganic compound and is a salt of phosphoric acid In organic chemistry, the phosphate or organic compound phosphor is the ester of phosphoric acid Organic phosphates play an important role in biochemistry, biochemistry and ecology Inorganic phosphate is used to prepare phosphorus for agriculture and industry Phosphorus compounds for agriculture and industry Phosphorus compounds are essential nutrients for plants and cause the development of algae in surface water 2,5 P-P043- 1,5 QCVN 08:2015 0,5 Graph 6: Compare P-PO43- between sample taken and QCVN It can be seen clearly in the chart, first reults are exceed the permisable limit in column B1 QCVN 08:2015/ BTNMT whereas last one are lower than that of it it shows that the area where first samples taken is being effected by domestic waste water The last sample was taken in a pond along the high way not nearby populated areas so it is impacted less than area of first samples 29 +Fe: is a heavy metal in water that makes the water smell fishy and yellowish When it enters the food chain it accumulates in the body, when other species eat or people ingest in high concentrations can cause acute toxicity, or may be bioaccumulative and harmful to human 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 Fe 0,8 QCVN 08:2015 0,6 0,4 0,2 Graph 7: Compare Fe between sample taken and QCVN From the chart, it can be seen that except the location which has sample exceed the permisable limitation in column B1 QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT, the rest are all under limitation, the average amount of Fe molecule in water environment in Huu Bang is very low 4.4 Impact of carpentry production on soil Huu Bang has 4718 households with a total of over 16,000 people, of which more than 80% of households are engaged in carpentry business [ ] As a result, the amount of daily solid waste discharged is huge According to local statistics, about 15-16 tons of solid waste are generated each day Garbage collectors bring wastes by electric cars to the Di Nieu Dump (Mieu Village, Huu Bang), The dump was built with walls surrounding and close to residential areas and fields In here, many types of garbage are treated by burning, causing smoke, dust and environmental pollution In the carpentry production, the amount of solid waste during production process is quite huge hazardous waste from carpentry process make a lot of problems to soil environment The solid waste is disposed of with major hazardous components such as paint bucket, solvent tank, acacia box, etc Hazardous substances exists from the decoration of 30 wooden surfaces such as sanding, primers, paint coatings All these stages discharge a lot of hazardous waste , pour directly into the landfill and effect on people’s life 4.5 Solutions Based on results of research on carpentry production and the current status of environment in Huu Bang carpentry village, it is necessary to develop practical measures to reduce the pollutants in the area There should be solutions to develop craft villages sustainability 4.5.1 Policy solutions - Continuing to improve the legal system on environmental protection Especially, sanctions must be strong enough to deter and prevent the violators - Participating in international conventions related to environmental protection and environmental protection of craft villages -Writing a general convention on environmental protection of craft villages - Reducing specialize vehicles by limiting the number of people using this kind of transportation ( creating a kind of license for people who usually use this transport, or a fee that they have to pay monthly, annually for protecting environment) - Inviting experts to qualify the quality of water, soil, and air environment around the town - creating insurances to protect environments 4.5.2 Investigate solution - Creating an environmental protection fund in the craft village area and calling for investment by social organizations - The fund should be used to solve environmental problems in Huu Bang such as garbage collection, clearance of sewers, dredging of ponds and lakes and payment to commune environmental staffs -Call for investment and create scholar ship programs for education and research Continuously studying and researching to develop technologies capable of preventing and treating environmental pollution and pollution issues related to traditional handicraft village 31 Positively gaining knowledge’s and opinions of domestic and foreign environment experts Attracting investment capital from domestic agencies to build training centers, especially to create enthusiastic for people who are graduate universities and interested in protecting environment -Concentrate residential areas and trade village services into the center of the commune Production areas pollute have to be moved out far from the residential areas and traditional villages However, still maintain traditional characteristics of traditional handicraft villages 4.5.3 Raising public awareness solution - Applying technology and social medias such as Facebook , Instagram,ect for transferring contents about environmental protection to people and raising awareness about environmental protection 4.5.4 Technolgy application 4.5.4.1 Technology application for noise pollutant a noise-absorbing materials and noise-isolating devices materials used to reduce noise in rooms known as sound absorption it can be known in the form of manufacturing plants (plates, piles, rolls), , The sound absortion structure is understood as the product (shield, acoustic absorber, shell) used to absorb the sound, the main part of which is the absorption material Absorbent materials - can be divided into materials with hard (foam, pumice, pelit ); semi-hardwood materials (wood fiberboard, mineral wool) and elastic materials (Tân, 2011) 4.5.4.2 Technology application for water pollutant It is characterized by high levels of COD, total suspended solids, so it is possible to apply a number of centralized treatment methods 32 WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCESS kitchen waste domestic wastewater Fat pool Sump Collector pool Anoxic pool Providing air > aerotank pool deposition equipment mud tank chemical disinfection - > sludge Fig 5.1 waste water treatment process The main processes in the Diagnostics Center include the following steps: Step 1: regulate the flow and stabilize the pH at appropriate values to facilitate the subsequent microbiological processes Step 2: BOD, COD treatment by biological oxidation method, microorganisms use organic matter in wastewater as feed source (concurrently with air and oxygen consumption, phosphorus ) Step 3: Remove the suspended substances and residues in the wastewater by mechanical means Step 4: Destroy the harmful bacteria by the method of sterilization, adjust pH 33 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION General conclusion About status of environment, according to survey results, the environment around Huu Bang town was seriously polluted Air is the most influenced environment from carpentry producing and trading activities Assessments are based on dust levels, noise levels obtained through field surveys and the application of scientific and technical equipment The source of noise are from mechanical equipment (mainly from the stages of sawing, planing, chiselling during processing ) and noise comes from horns of cars, motorcycles, specialized vehicles for transporting raw materials Times when noise exists most are from about 9-11am and 4am6pm, especially at rush hours In addition, some stages such as polishing and painting release a large amount of organic solvents and wood dust into the air, smoke from vehicles contributes significantly to the problem of air pollution at Huu Bang Town ,Another problem is soil pollution, issues related to solid waste should also be taken care about, local authorities have had practical solutions to improve this problem However, solutions have not been implemented in a serious manner, local government have only been implemented in formality Beside, There are not official policies signed from related sides (,resident, agency, and local authority) about responsibilities of solid waste management, so there are still situations of circumvention from agencies , responsibility is always pushed between local authority, agencies and local people In addition, people's awareness is not high so the solid waste issues are still occurring About water pollution, the results of water analysis based on column B1 of QCVN 08/2015/BTNMT show that the quality of water is low Water samples are taken atareas are not close to the prodution areas, mainly in densely populated areas, so the main sources of pollution are garbage and wastewater from households, it is able to conclude that the effect of carpentry on water quality is very low At present, clean water for Huu Bang’ people is supplied from the pumping station of Thach That district, about km far 34 from the town area Basically, clean water for daily life has been solved However, water pollution still negatively affects urban beauty, and developing diseases such as dengue fever, malaria Because local people not understand the seriousness of the problem as well as the fear of changing habitat, propaganda still has many limitations, not enough impact on people's thinking The thinking of “environmental protection is responsible of government” is still a bad habit in the thought of farmers, small business in the village On the other hand, due to bad environmental situation has been occuring many years, Huu Bang people began accepting to get familiar with these problems Limit Due to limited research time, and due to the limited capacity and experience of the author, so the thesis cannot avoid the limitations and certainties 1) Firstly,, the author cannot update all the models, developments in the carpentry of our country, , 2) Secondly, the author cannot mention the levels environmental pollution of the village years ago, 10 years and previous years Recommendation 1) In coming time, the author is responsible for the determination to continue studying, research, theoretical addition (from teachers , scientists in and outside the country 2) In addition, the environment of the craft villages in Thach That district, Hanoi has been monitored, and recommendations and solutions have been made, contributing to environmental protection, sustainable development 35 REFERENCES Anh, P L (2017) Đánh giá tác động môi trường Hậu, P X (2012) Giải pháp phát triển bền vững làng nghề truyền thống Việt Nam phục vụ du lịch Hùng, T (2018) 46% làng nghề bị ô nhiễm nặng Huy, V (2017) Làng nghề gỗ Hữu Bằng Phong, N M (2018) Long đong làng nghề Sơn, P C (2004) Làng nghề truyền thống Việt Nam Tân, H Q (2011) Nghiên cứu giảm tiếng ồn gia công giới gỗ Tươi, N V (2018) Nghiên cứu, đánh giá trạng môi trường nước đề xuất giải pháp bảo vệ môi trường làng nghề xã Hữu Bằng, huyện Thạch Thất, thành phố Hà Nội http://cokhimoitruong.com.vn/chi-tiet/quy-trinh-xu-ly-nuoc-thai-sinh-hoat-dat-tieu-chuan c1299.html https://123doc.org/document/4319331-hien-trang-o-nhiem-va-cong-tac-thu-gom-chat-thairan-phuong-phap-phan-loai-chat-thai-ran-tai-nguon-tai-xa-huu-bang-huyen-thach-thatha-noi.htm http://hanoimoi.com.vn/Ban-in/quan-huyen/569365/khoa-hoc-bo-quen-lang-nghe http://zoladu.com/news/tieng-on-cach-do-va-cac-nguong-quy-chuan.html https://vanbanphapluat.co/tcvn-7325-2004-chat-luong-nuoc-xac-dinh-oxy-hoa-tan-phuongphap-dau-do-dien-hoa https://vanbanphapluat.co/tcvn-6492-2011-chat-luong-nuoc-xac-dinh-ph 36 CHAPTER VI INDEX SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE Name of interviewer:……………………………………………… Date of interview: …………………………………………………… Code: ……………………………………………………………… I Information of the interviewee Full name of interviewee Gender: Male / Female Age: Education level (years of schooling): years Number of household members: Number members at the age of labor: Number members outside of working age: Number of people involved in carpentry production: II Question Where does the raw material of carpentry production come from? (only for carpenters) Which stages we have to make a product? (only for carpenters) Are there any stages causing air pollution during carpentry produce process? a No b Yes If "YES" which kind of pollution refer below?: a Noise pollution b Dust pollution c Both answers above Which stages during carpentry process make noise ? At which period of day the noise exists most? 37 a Morning b Noon c Afternoon d Evening e Night Is your life affected by the noise? a No b Yes Are there any stages causing dust during carpentry produce process? a No b Yes if YES, which stages during the process make dust ? 10 Is your life affected by dust? a No b Yes 11 Is water environment around the town polluted? a No b Yes 12 if YES, are there any stages causing water pollution during carpentry produce process? a No b Yes 13 If YES, which stages during the process make water polluted? 14 Where is the water supply for people of town? 15 How is water treatment for people using if the water around the town polluted? 16 how is the household waste and waste product during carpentry produce process treatment? 38 17 Is your life affected by household and product waste ? 18 How long have these pollutions occurred? 19 Why aren’t these environmental problems solved completely? a Limited budget b Behavior of local people c Local authorities have not really paid much attention to these issues d All three reasons above e Other reasons 39 ... Town; 3) To determine the quality of water in Huu Bang Town; 4) To determine the quality of air in Huu Bang Town; 5) To propose solutions to improve the environment management in the study area CHAPTER... neutralization elements and photons The ion stream continues to be directed at the polyatomic ioninterfering ion device by the energy-damaging mechanism The remaining ions will move further into the. .. situation of carpentry production process in Huu Bang Town 1) Questionnaire The questionnaire of this section is quite different from the others The study used a list of questions to interview