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Tiếng Anh B1 là bài thi đánh giá năng lực ngoại ngữ theo chiều dọc với 4 kỹ năng nghe – nói – đọc – viết. Thông thường, nhiều người sẽ lo ngại phần thi nói vì phải giao tiếp với giám thị, dễ bị tác động bởi yếu tố tâm lý. Để hạn chế điều này, bạn phải chuẩn bị thật tốt về cả tinh thần lẫn kiến thức, tham khảo cấu trúc đề và bài mẫu thi nói tiếng Anh B1 qua các năm. Tiếng Anh B1 là bài thi đánh giá năng lực ngoại ngữ theo chiều dọc với 4 kỹ năng nghe – nói – đọc – viết. Thông thường, nhiều người sẽ lo ngại phần thi nói vì phải giao tiếp với giám thị, dễ bị tác động bởi yếu tố tâm lý. Để hạn chế điều này, bạn phải chuẩn bị thật tốt về cả tinh thần lẫn kiến thức, tham khảo cấu trúc đề và bài mẫu thi nói tiếng Anh B1 qua các năm.
60 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF CUU LONG TEXTBOOK FOR B1 ENGLISH INTENSIVE COURSE Compiled by Dr Nguyen Hong Chi MA Huynh Thi Thao Nguyen MA Pham Thi Tuyet Ngan FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Since 2022 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SECTION A LEARNING SKILLS PAPER LISTENING SKILLS PAPER 13 READING SKILLS 13 PAPER 20 WRITING SKILLS 20 PAPER 30 SPEAKING SKILLS 30 SECTION B 38 PRACTICE TESTS 38 TEST 39 PAPER 1: LISTENING 39 PAPER 2: READING 46 PAPER 3: WRITING 55 PAPER 4: SPEAKING 56 TEST 57 PAPER 1: LISTENING 57 PAPER 2: READING 64 PAPER 3: WRITING 73 PAPER 4: SPEAKING 74 TEST 75 PAPER 1: LISTENING 75 PAPER 2: READING 82 PAPER 3: WRITING 91 PAPER 4: SPEAKING 92 TEST 93 PAPER 1: LISTENING 93 PAPER 2: READING 100 PAPER 3: WRITING 108 PAPER 4: SPEAKING 109 TEST 110 PAPER 1: LISTENING 110 PAPER 2: READING 117 PAPER 3: WRITING 127 PAPER 4: SPEAKING 128 REFERENCES 129 INTRODUCTION TEXTBOOK FOR B1 ENGLISH INTENSIVE COURSE is designed to help prepare knowledge for those who will participate in the internal B1 English course Textbook for B1 English intensive course provides learners with formats, vocabularies, languages, and structures commonly found on the VSTEP exam (Vietnamese Standardized Test of English Proficiency which is mainly used to assess the English language proficiency of Vietnamese learners) Textbook for B1 English intensive course also includes repeated practice through sample test collections that mirror the content of the VSTEP test for B1 level Textbook for B1 English intensive course is designed into main parts Introduction: provides learners with the introduction and the use of the textbook Language skills: includes parts corresponding with listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills For each part of the skills, learners would go through and get familiar with the commonly used question types, useful languages, and tips for the B1 test Accompanied by the tips, there would be several practice exercises afterward truly formatted which possibly grants learners chances of tightening their skills These practice exercises familiarize students with the kinds of tasks they will encounter on both full-length practice tests and actual tests Practice tests: includes full-length practice tests Thes test gives learners a better feel for what will be expected of them in actual test situations Each fulllength practice test is orderly organized with 35 listening questions, 40 reading questions, writing tasks, and speaking sections References: grants learners a list of related sources of information about learning B1 English It is recommended that learners getting through all parts of this textbook before taking the practice tests After working through the book within all learning skills, learners will be better prepared for a timed, full-length test simulation To get the most benefit from the practice test, learners are advised to take the test under exam conditions which include following the time limits set for the actual test SECTION A LEARNING SKILLS PAPER LISTENING SKILLS LISTENING I INTRODUCTION The LISTENING PAPER contains main parts with a total of 35 questions, within 40 minutes questions PART short announcement/ instructions 12 questions options/question PART conversations Only time listening 15 questions PART 3 talks/lectures TOPICS OF CONVERSATIONS TOPICS KEYWORDS Store: shop, retailer, boutique, outlet, department store Clerk: salesperson, sales rep Shopping Shopper: buyer, consumer, customer The restaurant: cafe, coffee shop, cafeteria, deli, bistro Eat: have, consume, snack on, dine Dining out Meal: breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper, snack, a bite to eat Job: employment, position, work Work Employer: boss, supervisor, manager, CEO, department head Trip: journey, vacation, excursion, tour Travel: go, visit, see, tour Traveling Arrive: get to, land, disembark Leave: depart, take off, board Healthy: well, fit Sick: ill, unwell, not well Health Sickness: illness, disease Medicine: pills, drugs, prescription, medication Clothes: clothing, garment, attire, dress, outfit Clothes Wear: have on, be dressed in Concert: recital, musical performance Music Musician: performer, instrumentalist, accompanist TYPES OF TALKS TYPES Announcements Speeches Tours SAMPLE PHRASES Flight 10 will be leaving in fifteen minutes Welcome to the fifth annual Business about Professionals Conference Welcome to the City Museum of Art We are pleased to announce a storewide sale Advertisements This is your morning weather update Reports Our speaker today is an expert in international economics Introductions Press “one” to hear our hours Voicemails Instructions/ lectures These tips will help you achieve your goals VOCABULARY CUES Shipment, inventory, stack, delivery, package, load, unload, Warehouse invoice, drop off, stocker, supervisor, loader, driver Department, accounting payroll, sales, budget, paycheck, raise, bonus, interview, hire, fire, project, manager, co-worker, Office employee, boss, applicant, interviewer, CEO, accountant Car accident, crime, victim, stolen, lost, arrest, crash, detain, Police station cell, police officer Check-in, baggage, luggage, boarding pass, seat assignment, baggage, claim, board, depart, pilot, ticket agent, passenger, Airport flight attendant Front desk, room service, room key, check-in, check out, desk Hotel clerk, guest, visitor, tourist Ticket, seats, sold out, refreshments, play, opera, performance, Theater attendant Package, ship, send, mail, stamp, by air, overnight, mail Post office carrier, postal worker Menu, order, appetizer, beverage, party, reservation, dish, bill, Restaurant check, table, waiter, server, host, hostess, chef II POSSIBLE TYPES OF QUESTIONS Type 1: Topic/Main ideas Common questions - What is this report about? - What is this announcement about? - What are people talking/speaking about? Tips - Pay attention to the beginning of the talk - Learn to recognize synonyms - Learn keywords that may give clues to topics and main ideas Practice exercise Listen to the announcement and choose the best answer for the question below You will hear: Woman: The annual City Festival of Music will take place next weekend at the National Theater The doors open on Sunday morning at 9:00 a.m and there will be musical performances by local and national orchestras and bands all day until eight in the evening This one-day-only event is a unique opportunity to hear performances by some of the country’s top musicians Don’t miss it Tickets are on sale at the National Theater box office Order your ticket today What is this announcement about? A A school party B A musical C A music school D A day of concerts (Track 4-04, Skills for the TOEC Test: Listening and Reading) Type 2: Details 2.1 Suggestions, Advice, Requests, Instructions Common questions - What does the speaker suggest people do? - What is the speaker asking people to get? - What is the first step in the process? Tips - Recognize words/expressions used for suggestions, advice, instructions, or requests: + Imperative verbs: Please => “Please line up at the gate” + Modals: should and must => “You should pay for your ticket ahead of time” + Certain expressions: you’d better, it’s better, it’s a good idea => “You’d better drive carefully” + Certain verbs: suggest, recommend, advice, want, tell, ask, request => “I advise us not to tell this to our teacher” Practice exercise Listen to the announcement and choose the best answer for the question below You will hear: Woman: Don’t know what to get your loved one for Valentine’s Day? Then we have the answer for you! Stop by Norby’s department store’s annual jewelry sale! Today we’re featuring any number of great deals on necklaces, earrings, and even diamond rings They make great gifts that let your loved one know just how you feel Norby’s department store - gift solutions for people who really care What does the speaker NOT suggest people do? A Buy their loved ones a gift B Go shopping at Norby’s department store C Feature great deals D Show people they care (Track 4-05, Skills for the TOEC Test: Listening and Reading) 2.2 Duration, Frequency, Quantity, Time Common questions - How long will the road be closed? - How often the trains leave? - How many tickets are available? - When is the office open? Tips - Learn to distinguish between similar-sounding numbers and words - Commonly confused numbers and time words: seven / eleven, sixteen / sixty, Tuesday / today / two days, Sunday / Monday Practice exercise Listen to the announcement and choose the best answer for the question below You will hear: Man: For all passengers traveling on the 10:14 train to Cambridge, the train has been delayed 15 minutes due to engine problems Repeat, the 10:14 train to Cambridge has been delayed 15 minutes and will now be departing at 10:29 a.m Please adjust your travel plans accordingly How late is the train? A 10 minutes B 14 minutes C 15 minutes D 50 minutes (Track 4-07, Skills for the TOEC Test: Listening and Reading) 2.3 Plans, Problems, Requests Common questions - What will the man tomorrow? - What won’t the woman be able to do? - What are the speakers going to next? - What is the man’s problem? 34 What did Abbott to “keep the life in her shots”? A Use a hand-held camera B Include random people in the frame C Frame scenes of urban activity D Juxtapose old and new buildings 35 What is the professor’s attitude toward Levere’s re-photography of Abbott’s work? A Concerned B Unimpressed C Disappointed D Complimentary This is the end of the listening paper Now you have 05 MINUTES to transfer your answers to your answer sheet 116 PAPER 2: READING Time allowance: 60 minutes Number of questions: 40 Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet PASSAGE – Questions – 10 More than billion people use mobile phones today In many places, it’s more common to use a mobile phone, or cell phone, than a landline Mobile phones are especially popular with young people They find that the phones are more than a means of communication-having a mobile phone shows that are cool and connected The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has some health professionals worried Some doctors are concerned that in the future, people may suffer health problems from using mobile phones Even now, there are people who claim that their mobile phones are making them sick In one case, a young salesman had to stop working because of serious memory loss He couldn’t remember even simple things He would often forget the name of his own child The man used to talk on his mobile phone for six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer’s doctor disagreed Of course, mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such stories They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health While there still isn’t any proof that mobile phones are bad for your health, neither is there any proof that mobile phones aren’t bad for your health Research has shown that using mobile phones affects brain activity, but it isn’t clear why or what effect it might have over the long term What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation Radiation happens when one object sends heat or energy to other objects Heat radiation from the sun, for example, is heat sent from the sun to the earth High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones The amount of radiation from mobile phones falls between the lower amounts that radio waves produce and the higher amount that microwaves make It’s a fact that some radiation comes from mobile phones While mobile phone companies agree with this fact, they say the amount is too small to worry about Some scientists, however, disagree They say we still don’t know if small amounts of radiation 117 over a long period of time can cause health problems As the debate about the safety of mobile phones continues, you might want to take some advice from scientists Use your mobile phone only when you really need to Keep your telephone calls short Turn your phone off when you aren’t using it When you use it for long calls, try using ear-buds instead of holding the phone to your ear In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health So for now, be careful This article is primarily about A The possible dangers of mobile phone use B Why mobile phones are popular C How mobile phones work D How bad radio waves are The author’s purpose in writing the article was to A Convince people that mobile phones may be dangerous B Convince people that mobile phones aren’t dangerous C Convince people to buy mobile phones D Convince people to use ear-buds What device people rarely use? A Cellphones B Televisions C Mobile phones D Landline Which one is NOT the mentioned influence of mobile phone use on human life? A Sudden explosion B Sickness C Intense memory loss D Social relationship According to the passage, what makes cell phone potentially harmful? A Heat B Radiation C Hi-tech machines D Radio waves Where is radiation NOT possibly from? A Sun heat B Mobile phones C Certain machines D Waves 118 According to paragraph 4, A A mobile phone sends out more radiation than a microwave B A mobile phone sends out less radiation than a radio C A radio sends out less radiation than a mobile phone D A mobile phone and radio send an equal amount of radiation The word “health professionals” is the closest meaning to A Doctors B Teachers C Scientists D Politicians The word “they” refers to A Mobile phones B Ear-buds C Telephone calls D Warning labels 10 That mobile phone companies A Are trying to prove that mobile phones are not dangerous to your health B Are worrying about the negative impact of radiation C Have proof that mobile phones are not dangerous to your health D Think that information about health problems might hurt their business PASSAGE – Questions 11 – 20 It was love at first sight It’s always exciting to hear those words But people really believe in love at first sight? We asked 40 Americans this question - 18 men and 22 women Thirteen people (32%) said they believed in love at first sight; 27 people (68%) said they didn’t Next, we wanted to find out who believed in love at first sight and who didn’t We were surprised to find that both younger and older people believed they could fall in love in a few short seconds We also learned that people from many different professions had love-at-first-sight experiences These people included a scientist, an artist, a dancer, and a computer programmer What was the most interesting thing we learned in our study? More men than women believed in love at first sight: 44% of the men believed in this kind of love, while only 27% of the women did Here’s what some of the men and women in our survey said about love at first sight John “Yes, I believe in love at first sight It happened to me I was at a party several years ago when I saw Luisa I knew she was the one for me when her eyes flashed back at me It was like they looked into my heart, read my life story, and said, ‘I like what I see, and I want to be with you That night at the party, I went over to Luisa and asked her to dance She said ‘Of course, I was waiting for you to ask? That was three years 119 ago, and we’re still together.” Mark “I didn’t use to believe in love at first sight, but now I About four years ago, I was giving a sales presentation when this amazing woman walked into the room We made eye contact, and my heart started beating faster After my presentation, I introduced myself, and she and I went out for dinner the next night We talked and talked, and by the end of the evening, I was truly in love with her That feeling of love at first sight was like nothing else In just a few seconds, I was filled with intense energy and passion Anne and I got married a year later.” Emily “No, I don’t believe in love at first sight Love comes later in a relationship When I met my boyfriend, I felt something tingly I guess you could call it puppy love, but it wasn’t true love It took about a year for true love to develop between us.” Carol “Do I believe in love at first sight? No, not really Love is based on trust and shared experiences and values Love takes time to develop You fall in love slowly by talking to a special person, writing him love letters, fighting, making up The key to love is staying excited about the other person, month after month, year after year.” Sarah “I don’t think love at first sight happens very often, but of course, it still happens sometimes It makes me happy to think that it might happen to me If I didn’t believe love, at first sight, was possible, it would be really depressing.” 11 This reading is primarily about A The difference between love and friendship B Whether or not people believe in love at first sight C How true love develops D Those who have similar occupations would possibly love at the first sight 12 Which statement is TRUE about the people in the study? A 32% of the men and women don’t believe in love at first sight B 56% of the men believe in love at first sight C 27% of the women believe in love at first sight D 44% of the women believe in love at first sight 13 We know for certain that John and Luisa _ A Are married B Met three years ago C Are going to get married D Read the romance stories together 14 How did Mark feel when he saw his beloved? A Depressed B Hopeful C Excited D Confused 120 15 Among these following people, who believe in love at first sight? A John, Mark, and Sarah B Mark, Emily, and Sarah C John, Mark, and Carol D Mark, Emily, Carol 16 Which one of the following statements is TRUE? A Emily has had a love-at-first-sight experience B Anne is in love with Mark C John, Emily, and Carol are very good friends D Sarah was depressed due to love at the first sight 17 Who could be a salesperson? A John B Mark C Emily D Sarah 18 Who tends to write something romantic when they are in love? A Emily B Carol C Sarah D John 19 The phrase “puppy love” in the passage refers A A kind of true love B A kind of love happens at the very young age C A kind of love happen between cute animals D A kind of one-year lasting relationship 20 What does she mean when saying “I met my boyfriend, I felt something tingly”? A She’s got a normal feeling B She’s got an exciting feeling C She’s got an annoying feeling D She’s got a welcoming feeling PASSAGE – Questions 21 – 30 The influx of Americans into Oregon in the 1840s ignited a dispute between Britain and the United States that, in its more intemperate phases, was accompanied by shrill demands in both countries for war The argument originated in the fact that the boundaries of Oregon had never been clearly fixed The name vaguely embraced the territory west of the Rockies between the northern boundary of Mexican-held California and the southern edge of Russian-held Alaska, which at the time extended south to parallel 54°40’ In 1818, when America proposed a boundary at the 49th parallel an extension of the border with Canada that already existed 121 east of the Rockies and the British suggested a line farther south, statesmen of both nations avoided the resulting impasse by agreeing to accept temporary “joint occupancy” But by the early 1840s, the issue could no longer be avoided: Oregon fever and Manifest Destiny had become potent political forces Though many eastern Americans considered Oregon country too remote to become excited about, demands for its occupation were shouted with almost religious fervor Senator Thomas Hart Benton, for one, urged Congress to muster “thirty or forty thousand American rifles beyond the Rocky Mountains that will be our effective negotiators.” The Democratic Party made “54°40’ or fight”, an issue of the 1844 Presidential election, and just managed to install James K Polk, an ardent expansionist, in the White House But despite their seeming intransigence, neither Polk nor the British government wanted to fight And just about the time that Polk learned that the land lying north of the 49th parallel was useless for agriculture, the British decided the American market for goods was worth far more than Oregon’s fast dying fur trade So they quietly settled for the 49th parallel, the boundary that the United States had proposed in the first place 21 What is the main idea of this passage? A The disagreement over the boundaries of Oregon was peacefully solved B The United States wanted more land than it needed C Politicians in 1840 favored war with Britain D The United States ended up by sharing Oregon with Canada 22 The word “intemperate” in the passage is closest in meaning to A Untimely B Initial C Immoderate D Uninformed 23 The word “fixed” is closest in meaning to A Repaired B Adjusted C Built D Established 24 The word “remote” in the passage is closest in meaning to A Far away B Dangerous C Large D Uninteresting 25 The confrontation with Britain over Oregon boundaries came to a head in the early 1840s for all the following reasons EXCEPT 122 A More people were living in Oregon at that time B The expansionists made the situation a political issue C All people were united in favoring the expansion D Manifest Destiny was a major political force at this time 26 The word “ardent” in the passage is closest in meaning to A Superficial B Enthusiastic C Old D Moderate 27 The word “they” in the passage refers to A The Americans B The British and the Americans C The British D The Democratic Party 28 It can be inferred from the passage that Senator Thomas Hart Benton _ A Was a temperate man B Supported the occupation of Oregon by force C Felt negotiation was the best policy D Proposed and approved the final boundary decision 29 The 49th parallel was accepted by both parties in the border dispute for all of the following reasons EXCEPT _ A The dying fur trade in Oregon B The attraction of the American market for goods C The condition of the land north of 49° D The desire for a good fight 30 It can be inferred from the passage that in the final boundary, settlement the United States A Got the land that it had originally demanded B Got less land than it had originally demanded C Got more land than it had originally demanded D Had no interest in the land involved in the dispute 123 PASSAGE – Questions 31 – 40 For all their great diversity of shapes and sizes, glaciers can be divided into two essential types: valley glaciers, which flow downhill from mountains and are shaped by the constraints of topography, and ice sheets, which flow outward in all directions from domelike centers of accumulated ice to cover vast expanses of terrain Whatever their type, most glaciers are remnants of great shrouds of ice that covered the earth eons ago In a few of these glaciers, the oldest ice is very ancient indeed; the age of parts of the Antarctic sheet may exceed 500,000 years Glaciers are born in rocky wombs above the snow line, where there’s sufficient winter snowfall and summer cold for snow to survive the annual melting The long gestation period of a glacier begins with the accumulation and gradual transformation of snowflakes Soon after they reach the ground, complex snowflakes are reduced to compact, roughly spherical ice crystals, and the basic components of a glacier As new layers of snow and ice, snow that survives the melting of the previous summer, accumulate, they squeeze out most of the air bubbles trapped within and between the crystals below This process of recrystallization continues throughout the life of the glacier The length of time required for the creation of glacier ice depends mainly upon the temperature and the rate of snowfall In Iceland, where snowfall is heavy and summer temperatures are high enough to produce plenty of melt water, glacier ice may come into being in a relatively short time say, ten years In parts of Antarctica, where snowfall is scant and the ice remains well below its melting temperature year-round, the process may require hundreds of years The ice doesn’t become a glacier until it moves under its own weight, and it can’t move significantly until it reaches a critical thickness the point at which the weight of the piled-up layers overcomes the internal strength of the ice and the friction between the ice and the ground This critical thickness is about 60 feet The fastest-moving glaciers have been gauged at not much more than two and a half miles per year, and some cover less than 1/100 inches in that same amount of time But no matter how infinitesimal the flow, movement is what distinguishes a glacier from a mere mass of ice 31 This passage mainly discusses A The size and shape of glaciers B The formation of glaciers C Why glaciers move D Two types of glaciers 32 The word “constraints” in the passage is closest in meaning to A Restrictions B Height C Beauty 124 D Speed 33 Why does the author mention the Antarctic ice sheet in the first paragraph? A It is a slow-moving glacier B One would expect glaciers in this part of the world C It contains some of the oldest ice in existence D It is an example of a well-formed ice sheet 34 To describe the development of glaciers, the author uses the analogy of A Birth B Snowflakes C Crystals D Iceland 35 The phrase “this process” in the passage refers to A Air bubbles being trapped below B Snow and ice compressing the ice crystals C Formation of ice from the snow that is about to melt D Melting of summer snow 36 The word “trapped” in the passage is closest in meaning to A Enclosed B Hunted C Formed D Stranded 37 What is one of the differences between valley glaciers and ice sheets? A Ice sheets move faster than valley glaciers B While valley glaciers flow downhill, ice sheets flow in all C Valley glaciers are thicker than ice sheets because of the restricting land formations D Valley glaciers are not as old as ice sheets 38 What does “it” in the passage refer to A Glacier B Weight C Ice D Critical thickness 39 The word “significantly” in the passage is closest in meaning to A Quickly B Naturally C Thoroughly D Notably 40 According to the passage, the characteristic that identifies a glacier is A The critical thickness of the ice B The amount of ice accumulated C The movement of the ice 125 D The weight of the ice This is the end of the reading paper Now please submit your paper and your answer sheets 126 PAPER 3: WRITING Time allowance: 60 minutes Number of tasks: TASK You should spend about 20 minutes on this task You received a letter from your friend, Kathy Read part of her letter below In your next letter, don’t forget to tell me about your favorite food? What ingredients is it made from? How often you enjoy it? And why you like it? Write a letter replying to your friend’s letter You should write at least 120 words You are not allowed to use your own name (Your response will be evaluated in terms of Task Fulfillment, Organization, Vocabulary and Grammar) TASK You should spend about 40 minutes on this task Some people say that computers have made life easier and more convenient Other people say that computers have made life complex and stressful What is your opinion? Discuss these views Include reasons and any relevant examples to support your answer You should write at least 250 words (Your response will be evaluated in terms of Task Fulfillment, Organization, Vocabulary and Grammar) This is the end of the writing paper Now please submit your paper and your answer sheets 127 PAPER 4: SPEAKING Time allowance: 12 minutes Number of tasks: Part 1: Social Interaction (3’) Let’s talk about social networks - Do you like social networks? - What kinds of social networks are you using now? Why/ Why not? - What is your advice for social network users? Let’s talk about fashion - How important is fashion to you? - What sorts of clothes you prefer to wear? - Do you ever have to wear things you don’t really like? Why/ Why not? Part 2: Solution Discussion (4’) Situation: Your friend would like you to give him/her some advice on how to lose weight There are THREE options for you to choose from: skipping meals, using drugs or exercising regularly Which you think is the best choice? Part 3: Topic Development (5’) Topic: Things that affect people’s job satisfaction Qualifications Attitude to work JOB SATISFACTION Your own ideas Relationship with colleagues Follow-up questions: - Do you think companies should promote workers who are experienced? - Do you think that workers should change companies often? Why/Why not? - What is better motivated for workers? Salary or working condition? 128 REFERENCES [1] Cambridge University Press, (2006) Cambridge exams extra - PET Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [2] Cobuild, (2012) Collins skills for the TOEIC test for Listening and Reading London: Collins [3] Edmunds, P &Taylor, A., (2014) Developing skills for the Toeic test Ho Chi Minh City General Publishing House [4] Hashemi, L & Thomas, B., (2010) Objective PET Cambridge: Cambridge University Press [5] Lam, L.H et al (2020) Tài liệu luyện thi tổng hợp VSTEP BẬC (B1) Ho Chi Minh City General Publishing House [6] Lee, L & Gundersen, E., (2011) Select readings New York: Oxford University Press [7] Macgillivray, M., Yancey, P & Zeter, J., (2009) Mastering skills for the TOEFL iBT Compass Publishing [8] Malarcher, C & Janzen, A., (2010) Reading challenge Compass Publishing [9] Quintana, J (2013) Pet practice tests: Five tests for the Cambridge preliminary english test Oxford University Press [10] Richards, J., (2011) Basic tactics for listening New York: Oxford University Press [11] Taylor, A., Byrne, G., Chadwick, M & Robinson, S., (2019) Very easy TOEIC Compass Publishing [12] Tu, N.T et al (2017) VSTEP Collection 20 Mock Test Ho Chi Minh City University of Education Publishing House 129 130