A disaster is a natural event that negatively affects life property livelihood or industry often resulting in permanent changes to human societies ecosystems and environment

CONTENT 1.Introduction 1.1.Reason to choose the topic 1.2.Common structure of an article on CNN 1.2.1.Headlines 1.2.2.Story highlights 1.2.3.Leads 1.2.4.Bodies 1.2.5.Endings 2.Linguistic features of articles about natural disaster on CNN 2.1.Syntactical features of articles about disaster on CNN 2.1.1.Headlines in articles about natural disaster on CNN 2.1.1.1.Structure of headlines 2.1.1.2.Omission 2.1.1.3.Headline interpreting 2.1.2.Story hightlights 10 2.1.3.Leads in articles about natural disaster on CNN 11 2.1.4.Endings in articles about natural disaster on CNN 12 2.2.Lexical features of articles about natural disaster on CNN 15 2.2.1.Common vocabulary 16 2.2.2.Compound words .17 2.2.2.1.Compound nouns .17 2.2.2.2.Compound adjectives 21 2.2.2.3.Compound verbs .25 2.3.Relations of parts of articles about natural disaster on CNN 27 3.Expression about natural disaster 29 4.Conclusion .32 5.References .33 .1 INTRODUCTION Reason to choose the topic “A disaster is a natural event that negatively affects life, property, livelihood or industry often resulting in permanent changes to human societies, ecosystems and environment ” As the definition suggests, disasters are highly disruptive events that cause suffering, deprivation, hardship, injury and even death, as a result of direct injury, disease, the interruption of commerce and business, and the partial or total destruction of critical infrastructure such as homes, hospitals, and other buildings, roads, bridges, power lines, etc Disasters can be caused by naturally occurring events, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, flooding, or tornadoes Certain types of natural disasters are more likely to occur in particular parts of the world No place is absolutely safe from natural disaster In this year, 2010, many natural disaster occurred in the world and caused many serious consequences VietNam is also one of countries where affected the most serious by natural disaster, speacially flood in Ha Tinh, Nghe An provinces It swept away houses, furnitures, and all things which are necessary for life of human being Specially, many people died, made families lose close relatives Life becomes much more miserable, people are poorer, and government also must invest more money to rebuild material facilities In general, flood as same as natural disaster is very terrible with life and it is also hard to prevent This is one of the most important problems which all people still greatly notice because it threads directly life of human being Thus, most people pay more or less attention to the news of this issue That is why this topic was chosen for study .2 Common structure of an article on CNN An article on CNN has five following parts:headline, story highlight, lead, body and ending 1.2.1 Headline of an article on CNN Headlines are a vital part of a newspaper because headlines are one of the first thing reader see when they pick up a newspaper Headlines also decide whether readers to read articles or not Therefore, writing a new, different and worth headline is a difficult work for headline writers Headlines are usually written in bold and in much larger than size than the article text Front page headlines are often in upper case so that they can be easily read by the passing potential customer There are two purposes of headline:  To attract the reader’s attention  To tell the reader what the story about In general, headlines on CNN sum up the news in the stories they serve They distil the news and are specific 1.2.2 Story Hightlights of an article on CNN Story hightlights like an auxiliary part in CNN’articles They create a special feature that different away from structures of another news sites Story hightlights are usually in the normal size and right below headlines position They also in upper case compared articles text so that they can be easily read by the passing potential customers 1.2.3 Leads of an articles on CNN If headlines are considered to create the first impression to reader, the lead set the tone for feature story If modifies for the headline, gives readers basic comprehension about the topic the articles There are many ways to begin a lead of the articles They are the descriptive lead, the narrative lead, the summary lead, the contrast and comparision lead, the shocking statement lead, the suspense or teaser lead, the literacy or historical allusion lead, the direct address lead, the quote lead, and direct and delay leads It seems that article on CNN have some special kinds of them Eg: The death toll has climbed to at least 91 dead and 68 missing in Indonesia, after flash floods that struck following torrential rains, officials said Thursday (Article 2) 1.2.4 Bodies of an articles on CNN The body of an articles on CNN has close relation to its other parts Journalist use facts and supporting information in a logical sequence, adding quotations to build stories 1.2.5 Endings of an article on CNN Just as a feature story can be opened in many ways, there are also several ways to conclude it There are many kinds of ending used in an article on CNN They are summary ending, proximity ending, and quote ending 2.Linguistic features of articles about natural disaster on CNN, 2010 2.1 Syntactic features of articles about Natural disaster on CNN 2.1.1 Headlines in articles about natural disaster on CNN 2.1.1.1.Structure of Headlines 2.1.1.1.1.Headlines in the form of Simple sentence (S-V_O) a) Headlines with active verbs a.1 Sentences in present form Eg: quake hits Haiti; ‘Serious loss of life’ expected (Article 1) Dead toll rises to 91 in Indonesia flooding (Article2) Other cases can be found in the headlines:3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, 14, 15 a.2 Sentence in present progressive form Eg: Powerful typhoon bearing down on Philippines (Article12) a.3 Sentence in future in past form Eg: Pakistan flood recovery could take years (Article11) b) Headlines with passive verb Eg:More deaths feared in Pakistan as flood waters recede (Article 7) Other cases can be found in the headlines :8, 2.1.1.2 Omission Articles and auxiliaries can be omitted from headlines 1.1.2.1 Articles omission Articles “the” can be omitted from most of headlines to reduce the length of the headlines, without changing their meaning This not only helps to save space but also to catch the reader’s attention more quickly because everyone is interested in short but meaningful headlines than long ones Eg: The hundreds of thousands flee as typhoon hits China The “Large” hurricane Igor moves in on Bermuda The dead toll rises to 91 in Indonesia flooding Officials :the Pakistan flood deaths top 1, 100 More deaths feared in Pakistan as the flood waters recede More than million affected by earthquake the Chile’s president says The survivors of Pakistan floods face growing health problems The volcano death toll rises to 259 in Indonesia 2.1.1.2.2 Auxiliary omission Eg: More deaths were feared in Pakistan as flood waters recede More than million were affected by earthquake Chile’s president says Pakistan flood damage was estimated at $9 billion Powerful typhoon was bearing down on Philippines 1.1.3 Headline interpreting 1.1.3.1 Headlines in the form of simple sentence 1.1.3.1.1 a) Headlines with active verb: Sentence in Present form: Headline  Full Form quake hits Haiti; ‘Serious  quake has hit Haiti; ‘Serious loss of life’expected  loss life’expected Flooding displaces more than  Flooding has displaced more than million people in Nigeria  million people in Nigeria Hundreds of thousands flee as  The hundreds of thousands flee as typhoon hits China typhoon have hit China Indonesia volcano erupts again  Indonesia volcano has erupted  again ‘Large’ hurricane Igor moves  The ‘Large’ hurricane Igor has  in on Bermuda moved in on Bermuda Dead toll rises to 91 in  The dead toll has risen to 91 in  Indonesia flooding Officials  Indonesia :Pakistan flood  Officials deaths top 1, 100 Pakistan flood deaths have topped 1, 100 Survivors of Pakistan floods  The survivors of Pakistan floods  face growing health problems Tropical  have faced growing health problems storm rakes  Tropical Philippines; 18dead storm has raked Philippines; 18dead Volcano death toll rises to 259  The volcano death toll has risen  in Indonesia b) to 259 in Indonesia Sentence in present progressive form Headline Powerful  typhoon Full Form bearing  Powerful typhoon was bearing down on Philippines c) down on Phillippines Sentence in future tense Headline Full Form Pakistan  flood recovery could take years 2.1.1.3.1.2  Pakistan flood recovery could take in many years Headlines with passive verb: Headline Full Form More deaths feared  More  in Pakistan as flood waters recede  :the More than deaths were feared in Pakistan as the flood waters recede million  More than million were affected affected by earthquake Chile’s by earthquake the Chile’s president president says Pakistan  says flood damage  Pakistan estimated at $9 billion flood damage was estimated at $9 billion Generally speaking: In general, language used in headlines is very clear to understand because their sentence structure include all constituents of one complete sentence On this topic headlines in the form of simple sentence with active verbs are the most popular .1.2 Linguistics features of Story highlights about natural disaster on CNN, 2010 a) Story highlights in natural disaster articles mainly contain:  Figures  Time  Main information’s event  Indirect quote of some natural disaster information b)  Story highlight’s function: CNN’s presentation of full news articles can be found within a very friendly, clean, useful, and easy to read and use interfaces  Clearly indicates when the articles was last updated  Contain nifty, dynamic, tab-like elements for exploring of more related information about the current topic without having to navigate elsewhere .1.3 Linguistics features of leads about natural disaster on CNN, 2010 Lead: According to the inverted pyramid approach, the major information is clustered at the top of the story; lead is the top-heavy information sentence It makes headlines clearer, to answer the “Wh?” question: who? what? Where? Why? And How? 1.3.1 Summary lead (4-26, 7%) Eg: A major earthquake struck southern Haiti on Tuesday, knocking down buildings and power lines and inflicting what its ambassador to the United States called a catastrophe for the Western Hemisphere's poorest nation (Article 1) Other cases of summary lead can be found in articles:9, 11, 13 1.3.2 Direct lead (10-66, 7%) Eg: The death toll has climbed to at least 91 dead and 68 missing in Indonesia, after flash floods that struck following torrential rains, officials said Thursday (Article 2) Other cases of direct lead can be found in articles:3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15 1.3.3 The contrast and comparision lead (1-6, 7%) Eg: The death toll from Pakistan's massive flooding has climbed to 1, 639, but the number could rise substantially as flood waters recede and more bodies surface, government officials say (Article 7-Contrast lead) 1.3.4 The descriptive lead (1-6, 7%)