VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES PHAM THI KHANH COMPASSIONATE EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN OF VIETNAMESE FAMILY TODAY Major Ethics Code 9 22 90 06 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL T[.]
VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES - PHAM THI KHANH COMPASSIONATE EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN OF VIETNAMESE FAMILY TODAY Major: Ethics Code: 22 90 06 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS IN PHILOSOPHY Hanoi, 2023 The work was completed at: GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Supervisors: ASSOC.PROF DR NGUYEN THI THO ASSOC.PROF DR TRAN THI MINH THI Opponent 1: Assoc.prof dr Pham Duy Duc Opponent 2: Assoc.prof dr Nguyen Anh Tuan Opponent 3: Assoc.prof dr Le Thi Lan The thesis will be defended in front of the Academy-level doctoral thesis judging committee at the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences At: hour day month year 2023 The thesis can be studied at the following libraries: - National Library of Vietnam - Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Library INTRODUCTION Rationale The family is the living cell of society, a miniature society where individuals are born and raised, and children are nurtured physically, intellectually, morally, and aesthetically The family is the first educational environment that has a strong, long-lasting, holistic, and comprehensive impact on the formation of each individual's character It is within the family that compassion and love for fellow human beings are developed, nurtured, transmitted, and cultivated by family members Traditional moral values, including compassion, have played a significant role throughout the ups and downs of history, contributing to the development of the noble values of the Vietnamese people and nurturing their human dignity However, in the present era, these traditional moral values, including compassion, are facing the impacts of market economy, industrialization, modernization, degeneration, and turmoil due to the rapid and unpredictable changes brought about by the process of international integration and globalization Compassion and love for fellow human beings in children are undergoing severe changes and degradation Facing the challenges of the times, Vietnamese families are experiencing changes Therefore, each family needs to enhance its awareness of its role and importance in educating children with compassion There is a need for changes in content and the use of appropriate educational methods for children, so that each family can truly become a healthy cell, providing conditions for individual development and contributing to the construction of a progressively advanced and beautiful Vietnamese society Over the past decades, in Vietnam, many researchers in many different fields (Sociology, Psychology) have studied and explained the moral changes and the role of moral education of the family However, in the field of philosophy, there still seems to be a lack of in-depth works on Vietnamese families in educating children about compassion Meanwhile, there are deviations in lifestyles, perceptions of life, issues of violence, social vices, and juvenile delinquency that are at risk of spreading This current situation is alarming and demands researchers to understand the causes, analyze the current situation, and propose solutions from the perspective of applying the concepts, principles, and laws of Marxist-Leninist philosophy In the face of such urgent theoretical and practical problems, the PhD candidate has decided to choose the topic of "Compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today" as the topic of his doctoral thesis Research purpose and tasks of the thesis 2.1 Research purpose of the thesis On the basis of clarifying some theoretical issues, current situation, and factors influencing the compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today, there are some solutions to improve the effectiveness of compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today 2.2 Research tasks of the thesis To achieve the above purpose, the thesis performs the following tasks: - Overview of the research situation related to the topic - Clarify some theoretical issues about Vietnamese families and families in the current compassionate education for children - Analyze the current situation, causes and factors influencing the compassionate education of Vietnamese families for their children - Propose some major solutions to improve the effectiveness of compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today Subject and scope of research of the thesis 3.1 Subjects of study The research subject of the thesis is compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today 3.2 Research scope - The education of children in the families has many contents, but in this thesis the author only focuses on clarifying the compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today (with the basic contents: altruism, tolerance, gratitude, sense of responsibility, mutual support during difficulties and hardships) - On the subject of education + The macro-level education subjects include the Party, the State, schools, and socio-political organizations + The direct subjects of education include grandparents, parents, and siblings within the family However, in this thesis, the author specifically identifies parents as the primary direct subjects of education Regarding the age of children (the subjects being educated), it ranges from to 18 years old - In temporal terms, the author identifies from 1986 to the present (1986 is the year when Vietnam embarked on its reform process) Theoretical basis and research methodology of the thesis - Theoretical basis: The thesis is based on the perspective of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought, views and lines of the Party, policies and laws of the State of Vietnam on family, moral education, family moral education, compassionate education for children In the process of writing the thesis, the author selectively inherits a number of published research achievements that are directly related to the thesis topic, with clear sources and origins - Research methodology: The thesis uses the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, with the nucleus being the dialectical methodology of Marxist-Leninist philosophy In addition, it combines the use of methods: history - logic, analysis - synthesis, comparison, contrast, research and analysis of secondary documents to shed light on research problem New scientific contributions of the thesis - From a philosophical perspective, the thesis contributes to shedding more light on theoretical issues of compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today - The thesis clarifies the factors influencing the compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today; analyzes the current situation of compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today on two aspects: achievements and limitations - The thesis proposes some major solutions for Vietnamese families in compassionate education for children today Significant of the thesis 6.1 Theoretical significance The thesis holds theoretical significance by providing recommendations for moral education, compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today 6.2 Practical significance The research findings of the thesis can be used as a reference for setting guidelines and policies in Moral education and compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families At the same time, it can be used as a reference for research, teaching and learning subjects: Philosophy, Ethics, Civic Education and topics on the family, family moral education Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references, list of published scientific works of the author related to the thesis, the content of the thesis is structured into chapters, 12 sections Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION RELATED TO THE TOPIC 1.1 Research works related to families and Vietnamese families with compassionate education for children Monographs: Young families and the formation of youth personality (1997) by Duong Tu Dam, Thanh Nien Publishing House, Hanoi; Book Family education helps children become human beings (2002) by Nguyen Van Huan, Information Culture Publishing House, Hanoi; Monograph Building family ethics in our country today (2011) by Nguyen Thi Tho, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi; Monograph Vietnam Family Green Book (2013) by author Dang Canh Khanh (Chief editor), Social Labor Publishing House, Hanoi; Book Family sociology (2014) by Segalen Martine, World Publishing House, Hanoi; Article by Nguyen Huu Minh in "Vietnamese family after 30 years of renovation" (Vietnam Journal of Social Sciences, Issue 11-2015); Article by author Tran Thi Minh in "Journal of Family and Gender Studies": Some theoretical approaches to value today, (Issue 4- 2014); Family values from theoretical approaches and some issues facing Vietnam in the context of social transformation (Issue 1- 2017); article by author Le Thi Hong Hai in The socialization function of the family from innovation (1986) to the present (Journal of Family and Gender Studies, Issue 1- 2015); article The value of children's welfare in Vietnamese families today by Nguyen Ha Dong in Nay (Journal of Family and Gender Studies, Issue - 2017); Some problems of caring for children in the family today (Journal of Family and Gender Studies, Issue 1- 2017) by two authors: Le Ngoc Lan and Tran Quy Long; Book Traditional spiritual values of the Vietnamese people (1980) by Tran Van Giau; Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi; Monograph Life and upheaval of Vietnamese marriage and family today by Le Thi (2006), Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi; Monograph Family and family transformation in Vietnam (2012) by Le Ngoc Van, Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi; Article Moral education from within the family by Le Thi Thanh Huong, published on the People's Electronic Newspaper on the weekend dated June 27, 2014; Monograph National traditional cultural values with the construction of student personality today (2014) by Luong Gia Ban and Nguyen The Kiet (Co-chief editor), National Politics Publishing House; Monograph Family with the role of moral education for children (2017), by Nguyen Thi To Quyen, Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi 1.2 Research works related to the current situation of compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families Monograph Talk about Family Education (1978), by Anton Makarenko, Kim Dong Publishing House; Article “Contributing to the identification of Vietnamese families by Le Ngoc Lan printed in the book Identifying Vietnamese families today (Conference Proceedings - Center for Women's Studies, Social Science Publishing House, 1991); Monograph The First School Family of Compassion (1998) by Nguyen Thi Bung, Education Publishing House, Hanoi; Article Issues on the Transformation and Change of Vietnamese Families today of Trinh Thi Quang printed in Vietnamese Families: Relationships, Power and Trends in Transformation (2015), by Vu Hao Quang (Chief editor), VNU Hanoi Publishing House; The article Family education - new challenges by Nguyen Kien Giang, published in the book Vietnamese families: traditional values and psycho-social problems (2006), edited by Dang Phuong Kiet (Chief editor) Labor Publishing House; PhD thesis on Compassionate education for high school students in the current period (2009), by Nguyen Xuan Thanh, Vietnam Academy of Educational Sciences, Ministry of Education and Training, Hanoi; Monograph Family and Family Transformation in Vietnam (2012) by Le Ngoc Van, Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi; Monograph Book of Family and Family Education (2014) by Nguyen Thi Tho and Nguyen Thi Phuong Thuy, National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi; Monograph: New Conceptions of Education in the Family (2015), Labor Publishing House, Hanoi; PhD thesis on Moral Education in Vietnamese Families today (2015) by Ha Thi Bac, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi National University; The article The role of the family in building morality and cultural lifestyle for young people today by Dang Kim Oanh, in the journal Political Theory (electronic) dated June 26, 2016; Monograph Living with Uncertainty: Social Change and the Vietnamese Family in the Rural Mekong Delta 2016 by Shibuya Setsuko, Can Tho University Publishing House; Scientific project "Transforming the role of education and socialization of individuals in morality and lifestyle", by Assoc.Prof.Dr Tran Thi Minh Thi, Director (2017-2019 period) of the Vietnam Academy of Sciences 1.3 Research works related to solutions of Vietnamese families in compassionate education for children today Monograph: Young families and the formation of youth personality by the author (1997), Duong Tu Dam, Thanh Nien Publishing House, Hanoi; Doctoral thesis Compassionate education for high school students in the current period (2009), by Nguyen Xuan Thanh, Vietnam Academy of Educational Sciences, Ministry of Education and Training, Hanoi; Monograph Family with the role of moral education for children (2017), by Nguyen Thi To Quyen, Social Science Publishing House, Hanoi; 1.4 Overview of research results of the reviewed scientific works and problems raised by the thesis to continue the research 1.4.1 Overview of research results of reviewed scientific works Firstly, most of the studies analyzed the position, function, and role of the family, where the majority emphasized the indispensable and irreplaceable role of the family in moral education in general and the compassionate education for children in particular Compassion was also highlighted as a core value that Vietnamese families need to preserve throughout the process of educating their children Secondly, the research works mainly focus on explaining the current situation of family education, moral education and partly compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today, under the influences of market economy, industrialization, modernization, and globalization Thirdly, in many studies on families and the role of the family in Moral education and compassionate education for children, it was consistently highlighted that Moral education and compassionate education played vital roles in the development of character and capabilities in children These studies emphasized the primary importance of family education in shaping the personality and guiding the lifestyle of children Fourthly, from the general studies on ethics and the role of the family in moral education for children, compassion is seen as an integral part of human ethics Some methods of educating children with moral values and compassion mentioned by the authors include: renovating the content and methods of educating young children in families; the need for strategic and long-term policy mechanisms from the state to create conditions for families to fulfill their functions, including the educational and social functions; fostering the connection between families, schools, and society in moral education and the education of compassion for children, etc 1.4.2 Issues raised by the thesis to continue research: Firstly, clarify some theoretical issues about compassion and the role of Vietnamese families in the compassionate education for children today Analyze the basis for forming compassion of Vietnamese people Outline the contents and methods of compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today Secondly, analyze the current situation of compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today in two aspects including achievements and limitations Analyze the factors influencing the compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today Thirdly, propose some major solutions to improve the effectiveness of compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today Secondly, the family is the basis for the formation of the personality of children; Thirdly, the role of the family in compassionate education for children has characteristics that schools and society not have 2.2 Contents and methods of compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today 2.2.1 Contents of compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today Firstly, parents educate their children about altruism and tolerance Secondly, parents teach their children about gratitude, sense of responsibility and mutual support during difficulties and hardships 2.2.2 Methods of compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today Education through creating and transmitting moral teachings Education through folk songs, proverbs, lullabies and melodies Education through setting good examples Education through listening and being ready to share successes or difficulties with children, cultivating habits, timely praise and discipline 11 Chapter CURRENT SITUATION AND FACTORS INFLUENCING COMPASSIONATE EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN OF VIETNAMESE FAMILIES TODAY 3.1 Current situation of compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today 3.1.1 Achievements gained in compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today 3.1.1.1 Compassionate education for children is continued and promoted by Vietnamese families Direct subjects (parents) have thoroughly grasped the goals and requirements of family education, family ethics, building cultural families in the guiding spirit of the Party and State, and since the renewal, there have been many positive changes Some fundamental educational contents can be summarized as follows: Firstly, parents educate their children about altruism and tolerance The qualities of compassion, altruism, tolerance and empathy are chosen by nearly the vast majority of families to educate their children in the current conditions Values such as sacrifice for the common good, sacrifice for family, love for homeland, tolerance, are also the moral values chosen by many Vietnamese families today to educate their children Secondly, parents teach their children about gratitude, sense of responsibility and mutual support during difficulties and hardships Along with education about sense of responsibility, there is also the education about gratitude for children Many families always pay attention to educating their children to be grateful and respect grandparents, parents, teachers and those who have loved and helped them Within the family, this includes being grateful to ancestors, grandparents, parents, and siblings Within the school, it involves appreciating the guidance received, respecting and being diligent in learning so as not to disappoint teachers, embodying the value of "Respecting the teacher, valuing the teachings." In society, it means 12 expressing gratitude to those who have contributed to the homeland and the country From the connotation of the concept of compassion, it is evident that a sense of responsibility is one of the aspects of compassion that many families today focus on educating their children Responsibility signifies respect and self-esteem, serving as the foundation for creating trust and confidence from others and society towards individuals In addition to educating about gratitude and a sense of responsibility, Vietnamese families also regularly educate their children to help others in times of difficulty and adversity The essence of compassion is to have compassion for others Loving and assisting others in difficult times is the core of compassion Thirdly, parents employ diverse and flexible methods to educate their children about compassion The first is education through creating and transmitting moral teachings Today, along with the multi-dimensional transformation of the family, although this method is not as prevalent, it is still practiced by many families who inherit and continue the teaching tradition of their ancestors They collect and preserve moral teachings to educate their children about ethics and compassion These teachings contain memorable and deeply ingrained advice and have proven to yield positive outcomes The second is education through folk songs, proverbs, lullabies and melodies Currently, many families still use folk proverbs, traditional sayings, lullabies and melodies to educate their children about ethics and compassion Despite societal and familial changes, most children are raised hearing the lullabies of their grandparents and parents The third is education through setting good examples Many parents use their good deeds of compassion from the family to society to set an example for their children These parents understand that merely speaking about compassion without setting a good example would 13 yield limited positive results The act of setting a good example has a significant and influential impact on children The fourth is education through listening and being ready to share successes or difficulties with children, cultivating habits, timely praise and discipline In traditional families, absolute authority rested with the parents, who would dictate instructions such as "Do as I say" or "Sit where I tell you." However, in today's society, where individual autonomy is highly valued and children's rights are widely recognized and promoted, the approach to educating children by parents has undergone changes Many parents still provide guidance to their children, but they also pay attention to listening to their children's thoughts, desires, and aspirations They engage in analysis and provide guidance to their children while reducing one-way imposition They listen and respect their children's valid and just opinions, offering support and accompanying them in realizing their dreams 3.1.1.2 The effort to study and voluntarily cultivate the values of compassion in children In general, children in families have a positive spirit of self-discipline to receive and absorb the value of compassion in the process of studying, working and conducting in daily life In terms of awareness, children in the family have realized and understood moral values, compassionate values in social life, thereby building trust in the Party's renewal guidelines and policies, obeying state laws, having positive life views, striving to build the country, defend the fatherland, be compassionate, kind and empathic Self-education and selfconsciously embracing and internalizing the values of compassion are a process of self-motivation, self-reflection, and self-improvement It requires strong willpower, determination, and a high level of determination 3.1.1.3 Causes of achievement Firstly, the Party, the Government, all levels and branches (indirect education subjects) have actively set guidelines, policies and legal systems to improve moral education, family education, culture building, including compassionate education; 14 Secondly, in many families, parents (direct subjects) are already aware of the importance of the family in compassionate education for their children; Thirdly, the good values of traditional families are still preserved and promoted by families today through the contents of compassionate education for children that many families care about, associated with practical problems; Fourthly, parents use many methods, combining traditional and modern to educate their children about compassion; Fifthly, the children themselves in families have taken proactive and creative roles in preserving and promoting the value of compassion 3.1.2 Limitations in compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today 3.1.2.1 The promotion of the role and responsibility of compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today has many limitations and inadequacies Firstly, in some Vietnamese families today, parents still neglect moral education in general, compassion education in particular, not understand the content or even embarrass in choosing methods to educate their children Secondly, some families lack knowledge in educating their children about compassion 3.1.2.2 Contents and methods of compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today have not kept up with the demands and requirements of reality Firstly, in terms of educational content The change in production models and living conditions in rural areas have influenced traditional perceptions and beliefs about family, lifestyles, and ways of interacting with nature and society In reality, as society develops and brings material prosperity, people's desires for enjoyment and consumption increase However, spiritual life seems to be impoverished, and family relationships become more fragile Children are gradually accustomed to a lifestyle of indulgence, constantly demanding and expecting to be fulfilled They become indifferent and selfcentered, gradually becoming apathetic and selfish Therefore, the content of 15 moral education in general and compassion in particular within families still carries strong traditional elements and has not kept pace with the rapid changes of the times Secondly, in terms of educational methods Education through creating and transmitting moral teachings At present, many moral teachings are lost; In many young families, parents also not know or understand the moral teachings and the contents contained in them to educate their children Some people perceive moral teachings as belonging to the past, with values that are no longer relevant to the present Education through folk songs, proverbs, lullabies and melodies There are quite a few families that not use or find it difficult to use this method Some young parents are not familiar with lullabies, folk songs, or proverbs to be able to use them to soothe and teach their children Education through setting good examples In some families, parents not know how to use moral examples of compassion to educate their children, they not care about the importance and necessity of educating children about compassion Alternatively, the role models they present may not be good, and they have not become examples for their children to follow Education through listening and being ready to share successes or difficulties with children, cultivating habits, timely praise and discipline In addition to families and children who are cared for, listened to and shared, there are also many families where parents feel uncertain, lack methods, time, and skills They may have a strong mindset about parenting and be conservative, leading to "failures" in raising and educating their children 3.1.2.3 In some families, there are certain children who are not actively engaged, proactive, or receptive to the values of compassion in the process of learning, training, interpersonal relationships and daily life Alongside families that pay great attention to educating their children's consciousness and sense of responsibility, there are also families that underestimate the importance of this matter Neglecting the cultivation of a 16 sense of responsibility in children can lead to them growing up with a lack of responsibility, being careless, acting according to their whims, lacking respect and trust in themselves, being indifferent, apathetic, and irresponsible towards others Many children grow up without a clear understanding of their responsibilities and duties, not knowing how to value themselves, neglecting self-care, lacking self-confidence, self-esteem, and failing to take responsibility for their words and assigned tasks As a result, they fail to establish clear goals and plans for personal development, leading to negative thoughts and behaviors and even an unhealthy lifestyle 3.1.2.4 Causes of limitations Firstly, the Party's guidelines and policies, the State's laws on compassionate education are not clear or specific, this issue is often mixed with moral values in general, so it is not systematic, comprehensive and thorough; Secondly, each family is still confused and inconsistent about choosing appropriate and qualified contents or methods (in accordance with the general standards of society prescribed by law) in educating children about compassion; Thirdly, generational conflicts, conflicts of values between traditional families and modern families in the perception and practice of compassion; Fourthly, the coordination between families, schools and society in educating children about compassion is still inconsistent Moral education in schools lacks content as well as family education subjects 3.2 Factors influencing the compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today 3.2.1 Influence of moral value transformation The first is the transformation of values in evaluating and honoring human qualities or self-worth; The second is the transformation of values in the perception and evaluation of social essence, class differentiation, and social stratification; The third is the transformation of values from emphasizing community and collectivism to valuing family values and individualism; 17 3.2.2 Influence of the socialist-oriented market economy Firstly, parents and adults in the family lack time to care for and educate their children Secondly, the changing family model creates favorable conditions for educating children Thirdly, the socialization of the family's role has been shared with some social services Fourthly, the inevitable consequences of the negative aspects of the market-oriented economy have negatively influenced the compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today 3.2.3 Influence of globalization One of the essences of culture is that it can share, exchange, influence among communities, it is an exogenous factor along with an endogenous factor that determines the change and development of a culture, thereby it contributes decisively to social development Through the trend of globalization, the issue of human rights and individual freedom is gradually being affirmed As a result, parents are required to respect the freedom of their children, and the parent-child relationship is shifting from absolute obedience to mutual respect between parents and children The negative influence of cultural globalization is to erode the identity and values of local cultural traditions From a family perspective, it causes members to change their conception of life and lifestyle, negatively influencing traditional morality, compassion, deteriorating the relationship between grandparents - parents - children, leading to fragmentation and even conflicts 18 Chapter SOME SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPASSIONATE EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN OF VIETNAMESE FAMILIES TODAY 4.1 Building a cultural family, creating an environment and conditions for families to educate their children about compassion In Vietnam, the campaign to build a cultural family is identified as an effective solution to create a new family model with new cultural values and standards of modern Vietnamese families Building a cultural family is an important premise and basis for families to educate their children about compassion Parents are an example for their children, children are respected and given the freedom to express their opinions and behave appropriately Practicing family culture and being obedient to parents is the highest manifestation of compassion and the current family culture in Vietnam 4.2 Continuing to improve contents, diversify forms and methods of education; enhancing the roles and responsibilities of parents in educating their children about compassion 4.2.1 Continuing to improve the content and diversify methods of compassionate education for children Firstly, families need to change their perceptions and redefine the content of compassion to align with the changes of the times Parents must also reconcile their views on compassion and practice compassion together with their children to find a common voice Parents educate and guide their children to care for and love themselves, while also helping others within their abilities and capacities Parents need to adapt to the changing times, respect their children's individual freedom, respect their professions, and respect their decisions regarding their place of residence 19 Secondly, attention should be paid to diversifying methods of compassionate education within the family, at school and in society Within the family, parents should emphasize the method of setting a good example, imparting moral teachings, using proverbs and folk sayings, and practicing active listening, empathy, and understanding towards their children In schools, students should be viewed as the central focus, with teachers playing a key role in the inherent teacher-student relationship There should be a change in thinking and practices in moral education and educating compassion, shifting from the language of instruction to the language of dialogue Various methods and specific teaching approaches should be harmoniously integrated Schools should actively promote practical activities and initiatives Thirdly, enhance the education of historical, cultural values and life skills for children Education about historical and cultural knowledge must go from the family to school and from school to life In addition to educating historical-cultural knowledge, it is also important to provide them with life skills within the family In today's era, life skills are demonstrated in various aspects of family life, community interactions, and international relations The current approach to educating life skills for children should be based on the principle of "actions speak louder than words," focusing on practical actions rather than emphasizing abstract meanings and theories It means that grandparents, parents, and older siblings should serve as positive role models, and children should demonstrate their understanding and application of these skills through actions rather than vague praises 4.2.2 Enhancing the roles and responsibilities of parents in educating children about compassion First of all, every parent must consciously raise awareness of their main and core role in educating their children about compassion In addition, society needs to create an appropriate environment for parents to raise their awareness in educating their children about compassion 20 The education or awareness raising for parents is essential so that they can fulfill their responsibilities in moral education and love for their children 4.3 Raising self-awareness, self-training and embracing the values of compassion in Vietnamese families today The process of education is truly effective when it transforms into a process of self-education The important premise of self-education is the formation of self-consciousness The fundamental measure of self-education is self-commitment, self-evaluation, and self-assessment Therefore, in order to transform knowledge about compassion into compassionate feelings and actions, educators need to promote the positive, proactive, and self-conscious development and self-education of compassion in each child To enhance self-awareness and self-education in children, attention should be paid to the following points: - Educating children to develop a motivation for learning and embracing moral values in general, and compassion in particular - Paying attention to and meeting the legitimate needs of children, both material and spiritual, in accordance with their emotions and physiology, creating conditions for children to engage in self-directed training and personality development - Regularly monitoring, persistently evaluating, and positively recognizing the results, as well as providing guidance for children's learning efforts - Educating children to have confidence in themselves, to maintain belief in life, and to overcome difficulties and hardships At the same time, teaching them to criticize behaviors that violate ethics or deviate from the family's traditions, such as pragmatic, selfish, lowly, or unfamiliar lifestyles It can be seen that no matter how good the educational methods are or how actively the school engages, if children themselves not appreciate the values of ethics and compassion, it will be difficult to achieve good educational outcomes 21 4.4 Coordinating between families, schools, socio-political organizations in compassionate education for children In the 10-year socio-economic development strategy for 2021- 2030 period adopted by the 13th National Party Congress: "Promote the role of family, community and society in building a cultural environment with compassionate, tolerant, sincere, trustworthy, ethical, diligent, frugal, creative, and modern individuals Build prosperous, progressive, happy, civilized families" Moral education and compassionate education are noble and significant tasks that require the participation of the entire society To enable families to fulfill their role in educating children, the attention and support of social-political organizations such as the Fatherland Front, Youth Union, Women's Union, Elderly Association, and Veterans Association are necessary at all levels of government, from central to local In order for families to perform their roles well in moral education and compassionate education for children, it is necessary to coordinate with schools In order for moral education in schools, it is necessary to have many diverse and dynamic approaches suitable for specific target groups Encourage scientific research on the family, include some family science contents in the education curriculum in schools 22 CONCLUSION Educating compassion for children is an important and urgent task that the Party and State of Vietnam have set out for nearly a century of existence and development for the purpose of building a harmonious, good and sustainable society Throughout this period, regardless of circumstances (war or peace) or conditions (scarce or relatively sufficient material resources), the Communist Party and the Vietnamese government have always prioritized the education of compassion, especially in the current phase when Vietnam is implementing a market economy, industrialization, modernization, and economic integration, along with the globalizing trend Therefore, the moral education of children in families has become even more urgent, requiring innovative approaches in both content and implementation to adapt to new conditions and the general requirements of the digital and knowledge economy-based era Based on the principle that social existence determines social consciousness and the historical perspective, specifically the MarxistLeninist philosophy, the thesis concludes that the education of compassion for children in families needs adjustments in both content and form in each stage This means that education must closely align with the realities of life and meet the needs posed by practical circumstances From this perspective, in addition to educating traditional moral values, the education of compassion for children in Vietnam should emphasize teaching empathy, tolerance, gratitude, a sense of responsibility, and mutual assistance during difficult times These educational contents create a dialectical relationship that forms a cycle of cause and effect, exerting continuous, necessary, and direct influence on the lives of the younger generation, helping them shape their values to better serve the nation-building endeavors of a prosperous and strong Vietnam In addition to content, each family needs appropriate methods of education, with particular attention to: education through creation and the transmission of moral teachings; education through folk songs, proverbs, lullabies, and melodies; education through role modeling; education through 23 listening and being ready to share successes and difficulties with children; fostering habits, timely praise and discipline To achieve high efficiency in compassionate education for children of Vietnamese families today, it requires joint efforts and support from schools and the entire society The involvement of governmental authorities and political-social organizations at all levels is necessary Compassion is one of the important qualities of moral conduct, which determines the personality and lifestyle of each individual In the current context of international integration, globalization, sustainable development, and pervasive innovation, compassion carries both national characteristics and universal values Therefore, the education of compassion in families for children must extend beyond the boundaries of ethnicity to incorporate global knowledge, contributing to the training of global citizens who can work in international environments and cope with global issues of the time The goal is to build a harmonious and sustainable society and a world of peace and prosperity 24 LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF THE AUTHOR RELATED TO THE THESIS Pham Thi Khanh (2016), " The Moral Principle of Remembering the Source of Drinking Water in the Beliefs of Worshipping Village Gods", Journal of Cooperation and Development, Issue 37, May + June, 2016, pp 7-11; Pham Thi Khanh (2016), "The role of the family in educating compassion for young generation today", Journal of Education, special issue 1, July 2016, pp 97-100; Pham Thi Khanh (2017), "The role of the family in moral education for young generations", Journal of Education, special issue 3, August 2017, pp 231-234; Pham Thi Khanh (2017), "Traditional moral education in Vietnamese families in the face of challenges of international integration, Journal of Education and Society Special issue December 2017, pp 206-209; Pham Thi Khanh (2018), "Family education under the impact of the market economy", Journal of Education and Society - Special issue II, pp 211214; Pham Thi Khanh, Nguyen Thi Tho, Nguyen Thanh Binh and Nguyen Thi Len (2018), “Vietnamese Family - Change from Tradition to Modernity”, Research Humannities and Social Sciences Vol.8, Issue14, 2018; Page number 137, 138,139, 140,141,142,143 (International Knowledge Sharing platform; Journals & Books Hosting - Conferences & workshops solutions); Pham Thi Khanh and Nguyen Thi Tho (2018), "The role of the family in educating filial piety and the spirit of respecting teachers and valuing ethics for the younger generation", Journal of Education and Society, special issue December 2018, pp 321-324; Pham Thi Khanh (2019), "The changes of filial piety in Vietnamese families today", Journal of Family & Gender Studies, volume 29, Issue 2, pp 37- 44; Pham Thi Khanh (2021), "Responsibility of families to young generations in the face of negative influences from social networks", Journal of Information and Communication Science and Technology, Issue 01, pp 26-35; 10 Pham Thi Khanh (2021), "The negative influence of globalization on Vietnamese family culture", Journal of Educational Equipment - Special issue October 2021, pp 384-386