ACADEMY SOCIAL SCIENCE OF VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES MAI HONG CONG MATTER OF BUILDING POLITICAL CULTURE IN HO CHI MINHCITY NOWADAYS Major Political Science Code 9 31 02 01 SUMMARY OF A PHD THE[.]
ACADEMY SOCIAL SCIENCE OF VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES MAI HONG CONG MATTER OF BUILDING POLITICAL CULTURE IN HO CHI MINHCITY NOWADAYS Major: Political Science Code: 9.31.02.01 SUMMARY OF A PHD THESIS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE Ha Noi - 2023 The research was completed at: ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE Scientific instructor: Assoc.Prof.Dr DANG HUU TOAN Reviewer 1: Prof.Dr Tran Van Phong Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof.Dr Nguyen Xuan Phong Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof.Dr Nguyen Minh Phuong The thesis will be defended before the Academy-level Thesis Judging Committee, at: Academy of Social Sciences, 477 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi At …….hour, date ……month ……year The thesis can be found at: - Library of the Academy of Social Science - Vietnamese National Library PREAMBLE Urgency of the topic Political culture was born and developed in association with the birth and development of politics Political culture is the totality of human achievements in the field of political activities, expressed in the form of political values, political norms, political cultural figures and political culture symbols The comprehensive renewal in Vietnam has achieved important achievements of historical significance; but there are still many limitations, difficulties and even great risks and challenges Therefore, building a Vietnamese political culture (including political culture in Ho Chi Minh City) to meet the requirements of renovation and international integration is a necessary and urgent matter As a major economic and cultural center of the country, in the past 36 years of renovation, Ho Chi Minh City has "together with the whole country, for the whole country" striving to become the "economic locomotive" of the country (an average annual contribution 22% of GDP and nearly 27% of the national budget) However, the city is currently facing difficulties in leadership, management, and implementation of socio-economic development guidelines and policies The negative effects of globalization and international integration and the negative side of the market economy have been fading some traditional cultural values; a part of cadres degrade in political ideology, morality, lifestyle, fall into bureaucracy, corruption, wastefulness and "self-evolution", "self-transformation" which reduces people's trust in the Party Committee and political systems in the city ` In that situation, researching and building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City is necessary, useful, and has profound theoretical and practical significance Therefore, the author chooses the topic "The matter of building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City nowadays" as the topic of the doctoral thesis Purpose and research task of the thesis 2.1 Purpose of the thesis On the basis of clarifying the theory political culture and building political culture, the actual situation of building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City; the thesis proposes viewpoints, directions and solutions to build political culture in Ho Chi Minh City today 2.2 Task of the thesis - Firstly, overview of research on culture, political culture and issues the thesis needs to solve - Secondly, the research clarifies the general theory of political culture and some issues of Vietnamese political culture - Thirdly, analyze and evaluate the actual situation of building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City - Fourthly, identify viewpoints, directions and solutions to build political culture in Ho Chi Minh City today Reasearch object and research scope of the thesis 3.1 Research object of the thesis The main research of the thesis is political culture, political culture Viet Nam and political culture building in Ho Chi Minh City today 3.2 Research scope of the thesis The thesis focuses on researching the content of political culture and viewpoints, directions and solutions to build political culture in Ho Chi Minh City today Methodology and research method of the thesis 4.1 Research methodology of the thesis The thesis is based on the worldview, the methodology of Marxism Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought and the viewpoint of the Communist Party of Vietnam in politicalon and political innovation The thesis uses research results on political culture domestically and internationally 4.2 Research method of the thesis The thesis uses a combination of specialized research methods with interdisciplinary research methods and specific research methods such as: Analytical and synthesis methods; historical and logical methods; comparative and contrasting methods, deductive and inductive methods, statistical methods, generalization methods New scientific contributions of the thesis - Firstly, the thesis analyzes and further clarifies the theory of political culture and the basic content of Vietnamese political culture - Secondly, the thesis clarifies the actual situation of building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City - Thirdly, the thesis proposes viewpoints, directions and solutions to build political culture in Ho Chi Minh City today Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis - The thesis provides more scientific arguments, contributing to perfecting and realizing the guidelines and policies of the Party, State and leaders of Ho Chi Minh City on building an advanced, imbued culture with national identity and building a progressive political culture to meet the requirements of innovation and international integration - The results of the thesis contribute to raising awareness of cadres, party members and people about the position, role and value of political culture in the cause of building Ho Chi Minh City into a civilized, modern and affectionate city - The content and research results of the thesis can be used as documents for researching and teaching on culture and political culture Structure of the thesis The thesis consists of: Introduction, chapters (11 periods), conclusion, list of author's research works and list of references CONTENT Chapter RESEARCH SITUATION OVERVIEW 1.1 Overview of cultural research works 1.1.1 Research on the concept of Culture Up to now, there have been hundreds of definitions of culture in the world, but they have not yet satisfied researchers Most scholars believe that culture should be understood in a broad and narrow sense In a broad sense, culture is the whole activity of creating and synthesizing material and spiritual values created by people to serve people Typical works are: Culture by V.M Rodin, National Political Publisher, Hanoi, 2000; Learn about the Culture and Civilization by Ho Sy Quy, National Political Publisher, Hanoi, 1999; Culture for Development by Pham Xuan Nam, National Political Publisher, Hanoi, 1998; and many other works In a narrow sense, culture only includes spiritual creative activities and spiritual values Typical works are: Vietnamese Cultural Identity by Phan Ngoc, National Political Publisher, Hanoi, 1998; Cultural Development in the Context of Globalization by Ta Ngoc Tan, Political Theory Publisher, Hanoi, 2014; Cultural Issues, Theory and Applications by Tran Ngoc Them, Culture - Arts Publisher, Ho Chi Minh City, 2014 and others 1.1.2 Research on cultural structure, function and value system Regarding cultural structure: there are different opinions, but there are three basic ones: Ngo Duc Thinh believes that cultural structure includes important factors (cultural values, cultural identity, cultural heritage and cultural standards); Hoang Vinh and many others divide culture into different values (material values, spiritual values, tangible values, intangible values); Tran Ngoc Them proposed a structure consisting of four elements (cognitive culture, community organization culture, behavior culture with the natural environment, behavioral culture with the social environment) Regarding the function and task of culture: The authors all believe that culture has basic functions and tasks such as organizing, communicating, educating and orienting values, awareness Regarding the cultural value system: The cultural value system and human are an important factor in building and developing an advanced, imbued culture with national identity Typical are the works (articles) printed in the book "National value system, cultural value system, family value system and Vietnamese human standards in the renewal period" (Truth National Political Publisher, Hanoi, 2022) 1.1.3 Cultural research in the context of globalization and international integration In this direction of research, there are many typical works: Cultural Globalization (by Dominique Wolton, World Publisher, Hanoi, 2006); Traditional Values before Challenges of Globalization (by Nguyen Trong Chuan, Nguyen Van Huyen co-eds, National Political Publisher, Hanoi, 2002); Vietnamese Cultural Values, Traditions and Changes (by Ngo Duc Thinh editor, National Political Publisher, Hanoi, 2014); and other works From the above works, the following conclusions can be drawn: Firstly, the works affirm the inevitability of globalization and international integration They not only bring benefits and opportunities for development, but also brings difficulties, disadvantages and risks for development Secondly, culture plays an important role, contributing to the success of integration in general and cultural integration in particular Thirdly, in international integration, a series of issues need to be further researched: cultural identity, cultural core values, religious culture, national culture, cultural conflicts, and cultural dialogue and cultural invasion Fourthly, the researches have summarized the achievements and limitations, opportunities and risks of Vietnamese culture in globalization and international integration; at the same time, propose solutions to build an advanced, imbued culture with national identity 1.2 Overview of research works on political culture 1.2.1 Overview of research works on political culture abroad The research of political culture abroad began in the mid-twentieth century At first, focus on explaining "political culture" and elements of "political culture" Then political culture is researched as a science Typical works are: Comparative Political System (by G Almond, 1956); Political Culture (by L Pye, 1961); The Civic Culture (by Almond and S Verba, 1963); and other works 1.2.2 Overview of research works on political culture in Vietnam In Vietnam, political culture was previously researched and integrated in political researches In recent decades, political culture has been researched independently Accordingly, there are works: Vietnamese Political Culture, Tradition and Modernity (by Nguyen Hong Phong, Culture - Information Publisher, Hanoi, 1998); On Political Culture (by Van Hai, Journal of Political Theory, No.52004); Approaching the Philosophy of Political Culture and Building the Current Vietnamese Political Culture (by Nguyen Van Huyen, Political Information, No.12005); and many other works - Regarding the structural content of political culture: the researches on this field, approach is quite similar to the researches in the world However, in terms of logic of presentation, arrangement of positions, roles and functions in the structure of political culture, there are still differences - Traditional Vietnamese political culture: researched by some authors Accordingly, it is worth noting: Traditional and Modern Vietnamese Political Culture (by Nguyen Hong Phong, Culture - Information Publisher, Hanoi, 1998); Initially Learn about the Traditional Political and Cultural Values of Vietnam (by Nguyen Van Huyen, Nguyen Van Vinh, Nguyen Hoai Van, National Political Publisher, Hanoi, 2009) and other works - Ho Chi Minh's political culture has been researched by many works: Ho Chi Minh's Thought on Cultural and Human Development (by Dang Xuan Ky, National Political Publisher, Hanoi, 2005); Ho Chi Minh's Outstanding Culturist (by Song Thanh, National Political Publisher, Hanoi, 2010) and many other works The authors all believe that Ho Chi Minh's political culture is the crystallization of traditional political and cultural values with the quintessence of human culture 1.2.3 Overview of research works on building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City Up to now, there have been no direct researches on political culture and building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City However, there are some works related to this field: - Cultural Geography of Ho Chi Minh City (by Tran Van Giau and Tran Bach Dang co-editors, volumes, Ho Chi Minh City Publisher, 1998); Culture and Development in Ho Chi Minh City (by Nguyen The Nghia and Le Hong Liem coeditors, Department of Culture and Information Ho Chi Minh City, 2000); History of the Southern Resistance (4 volumes, National Political Publisher, Hanoi, 2011) - Some Basic Cultural Issues in Ho Chi Minh City in the Process of Industrialization and Modernization (Ministry-level Scientific Research Program, Institute of Social Sciences in Ho Chi Minh City, chaired by Nguyen Tan Dac, accepted 2000); Moral Degradation and Lifestyle of Cadres and Party Members in Ho Chi Minh City - Actual Situation, Causes and Solutions to Overcome (Scientific research project at City level, chaired by Nguyen Trung Truc, accepted in 2018 2004) From the above researches, some following conclusions can be drawn: - Firstly, in Western countries, research on political culture is quite early and has achieved positive results (clarifies basic issues of political culture, such as: concept, structure, function, classification) However, there are still many unresolved issues such as: political culture in international integration - Secondly, in Vietnam, research on political culture has approached the world's achievements on basic features However, there are still many gaps (concepts, structures, advantages and limitations of Vietnamese political culture) that need further research - Thirdly, in Ho Chi Minh City, research on political culture is very limited 1.3 Issues of the thesis to focus on solving Firstly, continue to clarify the concept of political culture; Secondly, clarify the content of Vietnamese political culture; Thirdly, analyze the actual situation of building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City; Fourthly, propose viewpoints, directions and solutions to build political culture in Ho Chi Minh City today SUB-CONCLUSION CHAPTER 1 Most authors believe that culture should be understood in two ways In a broad sense, culture is the totality of material and spiritual values created by people to serve people; in a narrow sense, culture includes only spiritual values Researches on political culture in the world started in the mid-twentieth century and up to now, important results have been achieved on basic features (concepts, structures, functions, characteristics ) However, there are still different opinions In Vietnam, in recent decades, political culture has been independently researched and certain results have been achieved, but there are still many issues that need further research In Ho Chi Minh City, there are no direct and in-depth researches on political culture, only a number of researches related to political culture… Chapter GENERAL THEORY ON POLITICAL CULTURE AND SOME ISSUES OF VIETNAMESE POLITICAL CULTURE 2.1 General theory of political culture 2.1.1 Approach to political culture 2.1.1.1 Approach to the form of social consciousness about political culture Political culture is a form of social consciousness, reflecting socio-political life, expressing the structure with the main contents: political knowledge, political ideology, political ideals, political beliefs, political norms… 2.1.1.2 Approach to the field of political culture This approach is based on the field of political and cultural activity Accordingly, the structure of political culture includes the main contents: political awareness, political behavior, and political institutions 2.1.1.3 Approach to the content layer of political culture According to this approach, the structure of political culture includes the main contents: political values, political norms, political culture symbols, and political culture figures In summary, each of the above approaches has certain advantages and limitations Therefore, depending on the purpose and object of the research, the research subject chooses an appropriate approach This thesis applies an approach to the content layer of political culture (taking advantage of the approaches in the first) to research and present the thesis's content 2.1.2 Definition of political culture 2.1.2.1 Concepts of political culture Firstly, most Western scholars think that political culture is a system of values, political beliefs, principles of action and political behavior patterns (typically G Almon, S Verba, L Pye, A Ball…) Secondly, many Russian scholars emphasize that political culture is "the process of political socialization", after all, the process of popularizing values and certain political rules Thirdly, Vietnamese scholars believe that political culture is a part of culture that crystallizes all values, knowledge, morality, ideals, beliefs, capabilities, and political qualifications of the political subject… Phan Xuan Son emphasized: “Political culture is a part of culture, crystallizing the political values that the community shares and pursues; thereby forming norms, codes of conduct, typical political figures and political symbols; thus, it serves as a basis for establishing political institutions, which play the role of regulating human and community awareness and behavior, and promoting social progress 2.1.2.2 Definition of political culture The concept of "political culture" should cover the following contents: Firstly, political culture is a part of culture, crystallizing the values that the community believes and pursues Secondly, political culture includes not only political knowledge, ideology and opinion, but also emotion, belief, will and capacity of political subject Thirdly, political culture is always dominated by the ideology of the ruling class in order to exercise political power and protect the interests of class, nation and people Fourthly, in society, political activities take place in a system of political institutions, capable of realizing the progressive values of humanity From the above analysis, political culture can be defined as follow: Political culture is a special part of culture, which crystallizes political values, political norms, political culture figures and political culture symbols in order to serve for the struggle for, keeping and exercising the political power of class, nation, people and building the stable and sustainable socio-political regime It is the basis for establishing political institutions and guiding, regulating political activities and promoting social progress 2.2 Some Vietnamese cultural and political issues 2.2.1 Factors affecting the formation and development of Vietnamese political culture 2.2.1.1 Geographical and Geopolitical factors Vietnam is located in the Indochinese peninsula, in the Southeast Asia region, with an area of 331,212 km2 stretching in the shape of an "S" with a frontage of the East Sea 3,260 km long Since ancient times, Vietnam has been on the "silk road"; and currently, more than 60% of the value of trade goods passes through the East Sea of Vietnam Since ancient times, Vietnam has always been the center of East-West cultural exchange Therefore, geographical and geopolitical factors always affect and influence the birth and development of Vietnamese political culture 2.2.1.2 Historical factors and political experience Vietnam's history is the history of "building the country in parallel with defending the country" It is the history of the people who both produced and fought against foreign invaders Therefore, in order to produce and defeat huge and brutal enemies, the Vietnamese must work and study to "know the enemy, know us, win a hundred battles" Therefore, in Vietnamese national culture, the sense of selfrespect, self-reliance, national self-reliance, unified national consciousness and patriotism, compassion for people, solidarity, the spirit of patriotism, martial spirit developed quite early and very strong… 2.2.1.3 National cultural factors National culture is the foundation and direct driving force promoting the formation and development of political culture Due to the constant pressure of natural disasters and foreign invaders, in Vietnam the interests of the nation are always placed above the interests of any class or social class In the Vietnamese national culture, the sense of self-respect, self-reliance, national self-reliance and unified national consciousness have all developed quite early That is the basis to ensure the lasting national cultural identity, for the political culture to be able to overcome all historical challenges 2.2.1.4 Socio-economic factors Historically, Vietnam had a smallholder economy with a low level of productive force and backward productive relation, which were devastated by wars for many years, so most of the farmers had a poor and backward life During the renewal period, Vietnam's socialist-oriented market economy developed quite strongly, not only improving the people's material and spiritual life, but also being a driving force for social development All of that impacts and promotes culture and political culture to develop 2.2.1.5 Globalization and international integration In the current conditions, globalization and international integration have created favorable conditions and opportunities for Vietnam to access capital, scientific and technological achievements, humanistic knowledge and experience in social organization and management… However, besides advantages, Vietnam also has to face the downside of the market economy, globalization and international integration All of these impact to culture and political culture 2.2.2 Content of Vietnamese political culture In order to clarify content of Vietnamese political culture, in this thesis the author uses a content-layer approach of political culture Accordingly, the core content of Vietnamese political culture includes: Political values; Political standards; Figures of political culture; symbols of political culture 2.2.2.1 The core values of Vietnamese political culture - The first, Vietnamese patriotism Vietnamese patriotism was born in ancient times, rooted in personal feelings and psychology, developed into socio-political consciousness and became an ideology It can be said that Vietnamese patriotism is a system of political-moral conceptions, views and theories about the country, the national community, pride and civic duty towards the cause of national building and defense Vietnamese patriotism manifests itself in the following main contents: Firstly, Vietnamese patriotism is a political-moral theoretical system that reflects the thoughts, feelings, attitudes, beliefs, and wills of Vietnamese people towards their nation and country Secondly, Vietnamese patriotism shows the unity between knowledge and beliefs, reason and emotions of Vietnamese people in the cause of national building, defense and development Thirdly, Vietnamese patriotism shows the strength of the will of independence and national self-reliance Vietnamese patriotism, continuously developing from low to high: If in the Hung Kings period, it arose with simple heroic sentiments, then in the Northern domination period, it showed self-conscious patriotism against domination and assimilation; during the independent feudal period, it developed into a theoretical knowledge system about: "people", "country", "king", "me", "independence", "national self-reliance", "national sovereignty", "territorial boundaries"… In the Ho Chi Minh era, Vietnamese patriotism developed to a new level - The second, Vietnamese humanism Vietnamese humanism is the quintessence of national culture, not only upholding human values and love dignity, but also believing in the infinite ability of human beings to free and perfect myself Love for people and compassion and tolerance: Love for people originates from family affection, spreads to the community and becomes a noble quality of the nation It is not a negative "pity", but a practical action for the sake of saving human, saving people and saving the country Belief in the limitless human ability to rise to liberation and selfimprovement Throughout history, Vietnamese people have always had to fight against natural disasters and enemy sabotage From there, form a strong belief in their ability and always live optimistically, love life and always look to the future - The third, sense of community, spirit of big national solidarity and pure and faithful international solidarity From the origin, Vietnamese people, wherever they are and whatever they do, have the same origin as the descendants of Lac Hong, the word "wrapped with a hundred eggs" emits the call of "compatriots", radiates "Home - Village - Country", making generate and develop community cohesion and national solidarity It is the traditional cultural value that creates the strength to help the Vietnamese people win all enemies In the new era, the sense of community and national solidarity were developed by Ho Chi Minh to new heights associated with pure and faithful international solidarity and He concluded "Unity, unity, great unity Success, success, great success” - The fourth, the spirit of being friendly to the Vietnamese people In a society with class and state, the concepts of "people" and "state" reflect the relationship between the ruled and the ruler The concept of "friendly to the people" reflects the government's "friendly" and "positive" relationship with the people Throughout history, Vietnamese feudal dynasties have always shown the spirit of being “friendly to the people” with various contents: 10 Firstly, the concept that "people are the origin of the country" with people, there is a country, with a country, there are a king, mandarins and the court; people have unparalleled strength, can carry boats and can also capsize boats Secondly, from the concept that "the people are the origin of the country" comes the concept that the people must belong to the country and the nation Therefore, the people must be responsible to the country At the same time, the state must be accountable to the people Thirdly, friendly to the people must be associated with the humane politics; that is, to love the people, educate the people, and take care of the people's lives In the Ho Chi Minh era, "people" and "friendly to the people" were developed to a new level: "people’s livelihood", "democracy", "civic rights", "nation” And friendly to the people must be "the people are the masters" and "the people the masters" - The fifth, the Vietnamese spirit of harmony Harmony is love of peace, love of friendliness The spirit of harmony is active and positive in international communication The content of the concept of the Vietnamese spirit of harmony includes: love peace, hate war; friendly relations, friendship; neutralize hatreds, attach importance to dialogue in resolving conflicts; harmony in independence and freedom; harmonic diplomacy is a plan to protect and build the country Over 4,000 years of history, the Vietnamese people have always had to fight against foreign invaders and suffer many painful losses, so they always uphold the spirit of harmony, love peace and for peace; after defeating the enemy, the feudal dynasties of Vietnam not only did not kill prisoners but also provided means and food to send them home; at the same time accept "in the title of emperor, outside of the title of king", pay tribute and receive the ordination of the emperors of China to keep peace and harmony In the Ho Chi Minh era, the spirit of Vietnamese harmony was developed to a new level with a new quality and profound humanity: Vietnam made friends with all countries, implemented multilateralization and diversification of international relations for peace, friendship, development and social progress 2.2.2.2 Norms and codes of conduct in Vietnamese political culture In socio-political life, values of political culture are concretized in standards and rules of political behavior in three main areas: Legal field (Constitution, laws, legal documents); The field of principles of organization and operation of the political system, political institutions; The field of political perception, attitude, and behavior In Vietnam, the core values of political culture are the basis for forming political norms and codes of conduct Currently, in the Vietnamese political system, there are a number of principles that are considered as standards on which to form corresponding codes of conduct in political practice: All state power belong to the people; State power is unified, with assignment, coordination and control among state agencies in the exercise of legislative, executive and judicial powers; 11 The organization and operation of the state according to the principle of democratic centralism; Uphold and adhere to the principle of “the upper respectful law”; The Communist Party of Vietnam leads the state and society All of the above standards and principles are concretized into specific standards and codes of conduct and are implemented in each specific field 2.2.2.3 Symbols of Vietnamese political culture The symbol of Vietnamese political culture is the quintessence of the core political culture of the nation, crystallized and transmitted in history, has a strong attraction and spread to millions of Vietnamese people and has a positive influence on the progressive human race Vietnam's national flag and Vietnamese national anthem are noble and sacred symbols of Vietnamese political culture, expressing Vietnamese patriotism; the spirit of self-respect, independence, self-reliance and pride of the nation and the responsibility of citizens to the country The Vietnamese bamboo tree is a symbol of the unique and noble qualities of the Vietnamese people, both showing the will of solidarity, resilience, loyalty and indomitable spirit; while demonstrating the endurance, resilience, and creative spirit that always adapts to the circumstances to rise up and develop strongly of the Vietnamese nation 2.2.2.4 Figures of Vietnamese political culture Figures of political culture are heroes, outstanding political leaders, talented and virtuous cultural celebrities who are ready to sacrifice themselves for the country and the people Historically, the Vietnamese people have created a unique culture with typical political culture figures: Hung Vuong’s Fatherland, Hai Ba Trung, Ly Thuong Kiet, Tran Hung Dao, Nguyen Trai, Nguyen Hue, Ho Chi Minh After that, Ho Chi Minh became the most outstanding and typical political culture figures in the new era 2.3 Building political culture 2.3.1 Approaching, defining political culture building Building political culture is the process of purposeful activities of subjects who creat values, norms, symbols and political culture figures, which serves as a basis for establishing political institutions, guiding and regulating human political activities and promoting social progress 2.3.2 The subject and content of political culture building 2.3.2.1 The subject of building political culture The subject of political culture is human (individual, collective, class, nation) with certain qualities (health, scientific, political, ethical, methodical, experience, skills ), actively participate in political activities The object of political culture building is the entire political field of society In Vietnam, the subjects of political culture building include: The political system, political organizations and classes of people 2.3.2.2 Content of building political culture 12 Contents of building political culture include: Building political values (political knowledge and political attitudes); Building standards that are consistent with political values and are recognized by society as correct, reasonable and progressive; Building political culture figures with good and noble qualities; Building political culture symbols (which is the nation's core political cultural quintessence) SUB-CONCLUSION CHAPTER Political culture is a special part of culture, crystallizing values, political norms, figures and political culture symbols in service of the struggle for, keep and exercise the political power of class, nation, people and building the stable and sustainable socio-political regime It is the basis for establishing political institutions and guiding, regulating political activities, promoting social progress Currently, there are three approaches to the structure and content of political culture: Approach to the form of social consciousness about political culture; Approach to the field of political culture; Approach to the content layer of political culture In this thesis, the author applies the content-layer approach of political culture to research and present the thesis Vietnamese political culture is a part of the national culture, crystallizing the nation's values, standards and rules of political behavior for thousands of years It is the basis for the formation of political institutions and guiding, regulating political activities and promoting social progress The main contents of Vietnamese political culture include: patriotism, humanism, sense of community and national solidarity, community international brightly,the spirit of being friendly to the people, the spirit of peace Building political culture is a purposeful activity of subjects who creat political values, political norms, symbols and political culture figures, as a basis for establishing political institutions, orienting, adjusting human political activities and promoting social progress The subject of building political culture is human (individual, collective, class, nation) with certain qualities and actively participating in political activities Chapter THE ACTUAL SITUATION OF BUILDING POLITICAL CULTURE IN HOCHIMINH CITY 3.1 Socio-economic characteristics and factors affecting the building of political culture in Ho Chi Minh City 3.1.1 Socio-economic characteristics - Geographic - natural factors As a young city with more than 300 years old, Ho Chi Minh City (with an area of 2,095.06 km2, the current population is more than 10 million), is 1,730 km south of Hanoi by road 13 Ho Chi Minh City is located in the center of the Southern region, is the focal point of North-South and East-West traffic (both by road, rail and waterway, by air, going around the country and abroad) Located in the downstream of the Dong Nai - Saigon river system, the city has a diverse system of rivers and canals; has a flat terrain, a mild climate (no storms and floods) with a dry season and a rainy season which is very favorable for economic development (agriculture, industry, commerce, services ), society, culture, tourism and international exchange - Historical - political factors + Saigon under the Nguyen Lords (1698 - 1802) Since its establishment (1698), Saigon has been the political-administrative center, the focal point of socio-economic and cultural exchanges of the Southern The Ho Chi Minh City Geography Bookis written: From the very beginning of its formation, Saigon has always been a strategic location in all aspects, a place where "a good land for birds roost", a focal point and center of economic activities, writes the Ho Chi Minh City Geography Book culture, politics and military of the South of our country + Saigon under the Nguyen Dynasty (1802 - 1859) Under the Nguyen Dynasty, despite many changes, Saigon was still invested in construction and developed into an urban area with a prosperous economy and a fairly developed culture + Saigon under French colonial rule (1859-1945) In 1859, the French invaded Saigon and then occupied the southern provinces, they carried out the "policy of colonial robbery " France established rice plantations, planted industrial crops and turned Saigon into an urban and commercial port The uprisings against the French continuously broke out in Saigon and surrounding areas, raised the spirit of patriotism and anti-foreign aggression Especially, the revolutionary movement of the Saigon people under the leadership of the Communist Party developed to its climax in the August Revolution of 1945 + Saigon in two resistance wars against French and American invasion (1945 - 1975) On September 23, 1945, the French army opened fire to destroy the revolutionary government, Saigon troops and people under the leadership of the Party pioneered the "long-term resistance war" From 1954 to 1975, Saigon people together with the people of the country continued the struggle against the US - Wei to liberate the South and reunify the country And, finally with the great victory in the spring of 1975, Saigon became the symbol of Vietnamese revolutionary heroism + Ho Chi Minh City in the renovation period After 1975, Saigon was named after President Ho Chi Minh Together with the people of the country, Ho Chi Minh City once again embarked on overcoming the consequences of the war, restoring the economy, and at the same time fighting hostile forces In the 80s of the twentieth century, when the whole country fell into 14 an economic crisis, Ho Chi Minh City promoted its creative dynamism, "taking the lead in the country bravely, creatively removing outdated obstacles, set the premises with theoretical and practical significance so that our Party can then plan the reform policy…” During 36 years of renovation, Ho Chi Minh City has been "with the whole country and for the whole country", striving to become an "economic locomotive" (contributing 22% of GDP and 27% of the national budget) - Socio-economic factors The development of Saigon took place strongly around the XVIII - XX centuries, coinciding with the time of strong development of capitalism Therefore, Saigon's economy is affected by capitalist commodity production Under the French colonial rule in Saigon, the commodity production economy promoted social division (farmers, workers, small traders, craftsmen, intellectuals, students, soldiers ) and took place the struggle of the people of all classes against the French and their henchmen These were favorable conditions for our Party to gather the masses, train the revolution, and prepare for the August Revolution in 1945 Under the domination of the US - Wei (1955 - 1975), the South Vietnamese economy became a consumer economy, serving the American war of aggression After 1975, the whole country unified and went up to socialism However, in the 80s of the twentieth century, the Vietnamese economy fell into crisis and in 1986, the whole country entered the renewal period During the renewal period, Ho Chi Minh City strongly developed a socialist-oriented market economy and became the economic locomotive of the country All the above-mentioned socio-economic factors are the premise, conditions and driving force for the development of culture and political culture in Ho Chi Minh City - Human and cultural factors Over 300 years of history, the people of Ho Chi Minh City have actively "reclaimed and opened the realm", built villages and urban areas, both producing and fighting against foreign invaders; at the same time, exchange and integrate with the Chinese, Khmer, Cham and interact with East - West culture It is the process by which city people continuously develop and perfect themselves, and at the same time create the following cultural values Firstly, resilience, bravery and courage, the will to "remove the mountains and fill the sea" in construction and fight against foreign invaders; Secondly, the spirit of inquisitiveness, creative dynamism, the ability to cooperate and always adapt to the situation; Thirdly, open style, chivalrous spirit and generous soul; Fourthly, a realistic way of thinking and a method that takes into account work efficiency 3.1.2 Market economy, globalization and international integration impact on political culture building in Ho Chi minh City 15 During the renewal period, the market economy developes and strongly impacts (both positive and negative factors) on all aspects of social life, especially on culture and building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City Globalization are an objective social process containing contradictions, both positive and negative factors If globalization and market economy are the fast-flowing river, then international integration is the process of "integration" into that river Therefore, both market economy, globalization and international integration have positive and negative impacts on cultural development and political culture in Ho Chi Minh City 3.2 The actual situation of the role of subject and content of building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City 3.2.1 The actual situation of the role of subject in building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City The subjects of building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City include: The political system (Party, Government and City Fatherland Front); Political unions (Youth Union, Women's Union, Farmers' Union, City Labor Union ); All classes of people (farmers, workers, intellectuals…) During the renewal years, Ho Chi Minh City mobilized above subjects to build political culture and achieved important results However, they also reveal limitations and weaknesses: the system's resources and strengths have not been promoted, and its operation is ineffective and ineffective (For examples: bureaucracy, insensitivity, irresponsibility and loose management of a part of the political system, leading to violations of the law in "land planning and construction management in Thu Thiem new urban area", causing a loss of more than 26 thousand billion dong of the budget A part of party members and cadres degenerated, degenerated, fell into corruption, negative was disciplined ) 3.2.2 The actual situation of content of building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City 3.2.2.1 Political culture values - Patriotism Patriotism was expressed by the people of Ho Chi Minh City quite early in the land reclamation, affirmation of national sovereignty in the South It was deeply reflected in the French colonial period (1858-1945) with the uprisings against the French of Truong Dinh, Nguyen Trung Truc, Ho Huan Nghiep Patriotism as a cultural and political value was built and developed prominently by the Party Committee and people of the city during the August Revolution and in the two resistance wars against French and American aggression In the period of peace, especially the period of renewal, patriotism was built and showed strong vitality in revolutionary movements for the goal of "rich people, strong country, democracy, justice, civilization" - Humanism Historically, humanism in the city has been expressed in the spirit of solidarity, friendly and open cooperation between the Vietnamese, the Chinese and 16 the Khmer in the process of reclamation, both production and fighting against the Siamese invaders (18th century), against the French and American invaders (19th and 20th centuries) Here, patriotism and love for people become a good way of life for the sake of saving people, saving people and saving the country In the modern era, humanism is clearly shown in solidarity, concentration of resources, socio-economic development, building a "modern, civilized, loving city" to constantly improve people's life At the same time, launching and spreading the movements of "drinking water, remember the source", "repaying gratitude", "eradicating hunger and reducing poverty" - The sense of community, the spirit of big national unity and pure, faithful international solidarity + In the early period of city construction, Vietnamese, Chinese and Khmer residents united to "reclaim and establish hamlets" to develop economic, build villages and urban areas From those practical experiences, a sense of community and national solidarity have been formed in Saigon land + In the resistance wars against the invaders, from the sense of community and solidarity developed to the will of "independence or death", "it is better to sacrifice everything than to refuse to lose the country refused to be a slave”; and unanimously "decided to die for the born fatherland" + In the period of renewal and international integration, the sense of community, the spirit of national solidarity associated with pure, faithful international solidarity of all classes of people in Ho Chi Minh City not only developed to a new quality, but also has attraction and pervasive power throughout the country (“to the whole country, for the whole country”) and to the international community - The spirit of harmony in Ho Chi Minh City The spirit of harmony is the core value of Vietnam's political culture, which has been featured prominently in Ho Chi Minh City From the early days of city construction, the Vietnamese, Chinese, and Khmer residents “together suffering", overcome all difficulties to build a new homeland; at the same time, together fought against foreign invaders, protected the village with a peaceful life During the August Revolution and the two resistance wars against the French and American invasions, the spirit of harmony of the people of Saigon - Ho Chi Minh City was evident in the attitude and behavior of resolutely fighting the enemy, preventing sabotage plots; at the same time, ending the war as soon as possible, then implementing the policy of "national reconciliation and harmony" and "closing the past, looking to the future" 3.2.2.2 Political culture norms and symbols - Political culture norms Ho Chi Minh City has been implementing political culture norms prescribed in the Party's policies and the State's laws, such as: People are masters and people masters; All State power belongs to the people; The Party leads the state and society; Party leadership - government management - people's 17 ownership; "People know, people discuss, people do, people check, people supervise, people benefit" All of the above principles are concretized and applied to each field, each agency and each locality in Ho Chi Minh City - Political culture symbols + Eighteen villages with betel nut gardens This is the site of 18 villages of Ba Diem, Hoc Mon, where the famous betel nut area in the South was born, the hero Phan Cong Hon - commander of the insurgent army against the French During the period 1930-1940, the people of 18 villages with betel nut gardens nurtured and protected many high-ranking Party officials (Ha Huy Tap, Nguyen Van Cu, Le Hong Phong, Vo Van Tan, Nguyen Thi Minh Khai, Le Duan, and Le Duan) .) During the August Revolution and in the two resistance wars against the French and against the US, this place nurtured and trained revolutionary cadres and was the center of the revolutionary base + Cu Chi Tunnels (Special national historic site) Cu Chi Tunnels - a revolutionary base during the two resistance wars was famous for the little "steel land copper wall”, with a 3-storey underground tunnel system with a total length 250 km During the two resistance wars, the enemy carried out more than 5,000 sweeping attacks, threw more than 500,000 tons of bombs and bullets and 480 tons of chemical poisons, but the army and people of Cu Chi defeated all the enemy raids Cu Chi Tunnels is a scientific and modern military base "unique" in the world, with the conditions, "natural time, favorable terrain, human harmony" to defend and attack the enemy most effectively + Nha Rong Harbor Nha Rong Harbor at number 01, Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 12, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, is a French building built in 1863 - 1864 with Western architecture, but on the roof there are two dragon's heads is in the moon, so it's called the Dragon House Here, on June 5, 1911, Nguyen Tat Thanh boarded a French ship to find a way to save the country so that 30 years later, he returned to lead the people, making the August Revolution a success, and establishing the new Vietnamese state Since then, Nha Rong has become a historical rendezvous point and a place where major events of the country take place + Doc Lap Mansion (Special national historic site) After conquering the six provinces of Cochinchina, in the years 1868 - 1871, the French built the NORODOM mansion, as a residence for the Governor of Cochinchina (at No 135, Nam Ky Khoi Nghia Street, Ben Thanh Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City); in 1955, Ngo Dinh Diem changed it to Doc Lap Mansion and rebuilt it on the old grounds of the new Doc Lap mainson Before April 30th, 1975, Doc Lap Mansion was the residence and working place of the President and the cabinet of the Saigon government On April 30, 1975, an important event took place here: the Saigon government (represented by President Duong Van Minh) and the cabinet announced their unconditional surrender to the revolutionary government 18 After April 30, 1975, Doc Lap Mansion was classified as a special national historical site by the Government, since then it has regularly held major events of the country and Ho Chi Minh City - Political culture figures - Nguyen Huu Canh (1650-1700) - Famous general under the Nguyen Lords, founder of Saigon city (1698) - He made great contributions to the development of the South in general and Saigon in particular After his death, in the South, a belief was formed to worship Thanh Hau, in many places people set up temples to worship him, in Ho Chi Minh City, a temple and a street named after him - Vo Van Tan (1894-1941) - Former secretary of the Cochinchina Party Committee, a resilient communist who devoted his life to the revolutionary cause of the nation After his death, many schools in many places were named after him; in Ho Chi Minh City, many schools and a street named after him - Tran Van Giau (1911-2010) - Former Secretary of the Cochinchina Party Committee, former chairman of the Southern Resistance Committee - An exemplary communist, excellent teacher and scientist, who devoted his life to the cause of national revolution He was a professor, a teacher of the people, a hero of the renovation period In Ho Chi Minh City, a high school and a street named after him 3.2.3 Problems posed in building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City Firstly, quickly overcome the limitations and weaknesses in building political culture in the city Secondly, it is necessary to have a strategy to build political culture in a scientific, comprehensive, synchronous and harmonious way with the construction of economic culture, rule of law culture, moral culture, behavior culture… Thirdly, promote endogenous cultural strength, to selectively absorb world cultural quintessence; at the same time prevent "cultural invasion" and fight against "self-evolution", "self-transformation" and corruption and negativity SUB-CONCLUSION CHAPTER Building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City is influenced by many factors (geography - nature, history - politics, economy - society, culture - people, market economy, globalization and international integration…) In the renewal years, building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City has achieved important results; but there are still many limitations and weaknesses (the political system is not synchronized and inefficient; a part of cadres and party members is corrupt and degraded leading to corruption and negativity); There are cultural phenomena of deviance and dysregulation in society; corruption and negativity have not been repelled Issues that need to be solved: overcome limitations, weaknesses; develop a strategy to build a scientific, comprehensive and synchronous political culture; promote endogenous cultural strength, selectively absorb world cultural 19 quintessence, prevent "cultural invasion", resolutely prevent and fight corruption and negativity Chapter VIEWPOINTS, DIRECTIONS AND SOLUTIONS FOR BUILDING POLITICAL CULTURE IN HO CHI MINH CITY NOWADAYS 4.1 Viewpoints on building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City today 4.1.1 Raise awareness of the society, especially the awareness of cadres, party members, Party committees and authorities at all levels about the role of culture and political culture in the period of renewal and international integration Political culture is a specialized science of culture, so few people know about it in society Up to now, in Ho Chi Minh City, there have been no works or resolutions on building political culture Therefore, people's awareness (including the perception of a part of cadres and party members) about political culture is still fuzzy In the above context, it is necessary to propagate, educate, and make the people, cadres and party members understand the important role of culture and political culture, in order to arouse the will of independence, self-reliance and aspiration to develop a prosperous country, the people have a peaceful, free and happy life 4.1.2 Building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City is the cause of the whole people led by the Party and the city's political system as the core In the renewal period, the focus on building political culture is on building human personality; the subject of building political culture is "the Party leads, the State manages, the people master" Therefore, building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City is necessarily the cause of the whole people led by the Party and the political system in the city as the core 4.1.3 Promoting the unique special values of the city in the process of building a unified Vietnamese culture in diversity, advanced imbued with national identity In international integration, the culture in Ho Chi Minh City and the whole country need to actively participate in all activities, in all areas of life At the same time, while preserving the national cultural identity, while promoting the unique special values of people and the city's culture (resilient in the fight against foreign invaders; dynamism and creativity in building; goodwill and chivalry in life; generosity and kindness in communication, foreign affairs and international cooperation) 4.2 Direction of building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City today 4.2.1 Uphold the role of political culture in all activities of the Party Committee, government and people of the city 20 Political culture is the core value, becomes the pillar of culture, makes an important contribution to the formation of national cultural identity and is the driving force for sustainable development Therefore, for continuous and sustainable development, it is necessary to uphold the role of political culture in all activities of the Party Committee, government and people of the city Accordingly, it is necessary to thoroughly grasp and clearly demonstrate the role of political culture through the operating mechanism "Party leadership - Government management - People's master" At the same time, create conditions to promote political values (patriotism, sense of community, national solidarity, dynamism and creativity ) 4.2.2 Bringing political culture into the political life of Ho Chi Minh City with appropriate content and methods At present, building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City requires the inclusion of political and cultural values in the formulation of guidelines and policies for socioeconomic development; on the criteria of human building and human resource development At the same time, it is necessary to specify politically oriented criteria such as: shame and hatred for ignorance, poverty and backwardness; know how to enrich individuals, families and society 4.2.3 Building a healthy cultural environment and Ho Chi Minh cultural space in the city named after him A healthy cultural environment is a combination of conditions and materialspiritual relationships that surround people and society, positively impacting and positively affecting people's lives and creative activities Accordingly, it is necessary to build and perfect a system of diverse institutions suitable to the characteristics of culture and people of the Southern; building a synchronous cultural environment, in which the "family - school - society" is harmoniously combined in education and daily life; promote cultural construction in economy and politics Building Ho Chi Minh cultural space, in which there are enough conditions to express and spread Ho Chi Minh cultural values 4.3 Solutions to build political culture in Ho Chi Minh City 4.3.1 Improve the understanding of cadres, party members and people about the role of culture and political culture in the comprehensive development of Ho Chi Minh City - Firstly, regularly grasp the theory of innovation and international integration, cultural values and political culture in the entire political system of the city - Secondly, bring cultural values and political culture into education in the school system (from school to university and postgraduate school) with appropriate content and methods - Thirdly, popularize and spread cultural values and political culture to the whole society, through mass media; honor, promote political culture figures and symbols to the world 21 4.3.2 Building values, political culture norms, figures and symbols of Vietnamese political culture in Ho Chi Minh City - Firstly, for patriotism, besides affirming the traditional values of fighting the enemy and defending the country, it is necessary to honor and promote the values of "rich people, strong country, democracy, justice, civilization" In Ho Chi Minh City, it is necessary to emphasize the spirit of "with the whole country, for the whole country", building a "civilized, modern, loving city" - Secondly, for the sense of community and national solidarity, besides affirming the traditional sense of community and national solidarity, it is necessary to emphasize the unity of needs and interests of social consensus… At the same time, eliminate individualism - Thirdly, for standards and codes of conduct, political symbols and political cultural figures, besides the elements that have been codified, it is necessary to complement new elements to suit the times At the same time, promoting new elements and values to the world 4.3.3 Raise the people's intellectual, expand democracy, promote the political positivity of the people to participate in social supervision and criticism activities - Firstly, improve people's intellectual and knowledge of political culture, promote learning and following Ho Chi Minh's thought, morality and style, combine and integrate with other patriotic emulation movements … - Secondly, on the basis of raising the people's intellectual level, gradually expand democracy, arouse and attract citizen positivity to practice democracy Creating favorable conditions for "People know, people discuss, people do, people check, people supervise, people benefit" - Thirdly, raising ability, promoting the role of people's supervision and social criticism on the activities of party organizations, authorities and cadres and party members 4.3.4 Persevere and resolutely step up the fight against corruption and other negative social phenomena - Firstly, strongly develop and perfect the market economy with socialist orientation Prepare material - technical foundations and necessary elements for the construction of socialism in the future - Secondly, build, develop and perfect the country's legal system and the city's policies Implement "democratization, publiciztion, transparency" of all funding and activities of party and government agencies at all levels (except for the secret of the Party and the country) - Thirdly, promote the building of the Party and government and mass organizations comprehensively (ideology, organization, politics, ethic, culture ), making the Party capable of leading and ruling, the government capable of managing society… - Fourthly, consolidate, strengthen and perfect the system of anticorruption and anti-negative departments from the central government to the 22 provinces and cities At the same time, strengthen regular inspection, inventory and control activities from central to grassroots - Fifthly, the State must ensure that employees, first of all, cadres, party members, civil servants and public employees have a salary at a decent average living standard of the society 4.3.5 Concentrating resources to build, preserve and promote cultural values and political culture - Firstly, it is necessary to increase financial investment and professional human resources for building, preserving and promoting cultural values and political culture - Secondly, in-depth research and publication of books on unique cultural values and typical political culture norms and symbols in Ho Chi Minh City - Thirdly, form centers for research, conservation and promotion of cultural heritage values and political culture SUB-CONCLUSION CHAPTER On the basis of the theory of political culture and biding political culture along with the actual situation of building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City over the years; at the same time, based on the development requirements of Ho Chi Minh City until 2030 The thesis proposes viewpoints, directions and solutions to build political culture in Ho Chi Minh City - Firstly, about viewpoints: Raise social awareness about the role of culture and political culture; build a political culture is the cause of the whole people under the leadership of the Party and the political system as the core; promote the city's unique special values in building culture and political culture - Secondly, about directions: Upholding the role of political culture in all activities of the Party Committee, government and people of the city; bringing political culture into the political life of the city, building a healthy cultural environment and Ho Chi Minh cultural space - Thirdly, about solutions: Improve people's understanding of the roles, values and meanings of political culture; building value content, norms, political codes of conduct and political cultural characters and symbols; raise the people's intellectual, expand democracy, promote the political positivity of the people; persistently and resolutely prevent and combat corruption and social negativity; focus resources on building politicalculture 23 GENERAL CONCLUSION During the renewal years, cultural issues and political culture in Vietnam in general and in Ho Chi Minh City in particular have been studied by many scientists The first, culture is the totality of material and spiritual values created by people to serve people and society Political culture has been studied by Western scholars and has achieved many achievements In Vietnam, political culture has approached the world's achievements; however, there are still many gaps that need further research Particularly in Ho Chi Minh City, there are very few studies specializing in political culture The second, the content-level approach of political culture, political culture is the crystallization of values and political norms, political figures and symbols, as the basis to establish political institutions and regulating and directing political activities and promoting social progress Accordingly, Vietnamese political culture is a special part of national culture, including political values (patriotism, humanism, sense of community and national solidarity, the spirit of being friendly to people, the spirit of chivalry and harmony…), political standards, political figures and symbols The third, building political culture is the purposeful human activities, creating political culture The subject of building political culture is a person (individual, collective, class, nation) who has certain qualities and actively participates in political activities Content building political culture, including: building political values, political norms, political culture figures and symbols The fourth, building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City is influenced by many factors (natural geography and geopolitics, history - politics, economy society, culture - people), market economy, globalization and international integration During the renewal period, Vietnamese cultural values are creatively applied and vividly expressed in building political culture in Ho Chi Minh City Among them, there are advantages, achievements and limitations and weaknesses The fifth, the thesis proposes three points of view, three directions and five solutions to build political culture in Ho Chi Minh City today 24 LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS OF THE AUTHOR Mai Hong cong (2017) "Preserving and Promoting Traditional Cultural Values of Vietnam - Laos in International Integration", in the book "Preserving and Promoting Traditional Cultural Values of Vietnam - Laos in the Process of International Integration", Truth National Political Publisher, Hanoi Mai Hong Cong (2018) “Ho Chi Minh's Political Thought is the Ideological Foundation and Driving Force of the National Liberation, the War to Protect the Fatherland, and the Renewal Cause”, in the book "Ho Chi Minh's Political Thought" (by Assoc.Prof.Ph.D Nguyen The Nghia editor), Truth National Political Publisher, Hanoi Mai Hong Cong (2019) “Basic Features of Traditional Vietnamese Political Culture”, Philosophical Review, No (333) Mai Hong Cong (2020) “Building Political Culture in Ho Chi Minh City”, Philosophical Review, No