Research on growth, development and some technical measures to propagate rain lily (zephyranthes) in gia lam ha noi

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY UNDERGRADUATE THESIS TITLE: RESEARCH ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND SOME TECHNICAL MEASURES TO PROPAGATE RAIN LILY (ZEPHYRANTHES) IN GIA LAM – HA NOI HANOI – 2022 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY UNDERGRADUATE THESIS TITLE: RESEARCH ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND SOME TECHNICAL MEASURES TO PROPAGATE RAIN LILY (ZEPHYRANTHES) IN GIA LAM – HA NOI Supervisor: PhD VU QUYNH HOA Department: HORTICULTURE AND LANDSCAPING Student: DUONG MINH TUAN ID: 621829 Class: K62KHCTT HANOI – 2022 i COMMITMENT To complete this graduation report beyond my own efforts, I have received a lot of enthusiastic support from teachers, friends and family First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to my teacher Phd Vu Quynh Hoa - Department of Horticulture and Landscaping Faculty of Agronomy – Vietnam National University of Agriculture has spent a lot of time, enthusiasm, and dedication to guide, instruct, help, encourage and follow me in all aspects so that I successfully complete this thesis topic I would like to express my sincere thanks to all the teachers in the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping - Faculty of Agronomy - Vietnam National University of Agriculture for their interest, support and creating favorable conditions for me during the implementation of this thesis I would also like to express my sincere thanks to the teachers in the Faculty of Agronomy - Vietnam National University of Agriculture for creating all conditions for me to complete the thesis report Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my family and friends who encouraged, supported and helped me during the time of this thesis Ha Noi, February 25th,2022 i TABLE OF CONTENT Commitment i Table of content ii List of tables iv List of figures v List of charts vi Abstract vii PART I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Purpose and requirements 1.2.1 Purpose 1.2.2 Requirements PART II RESEARCH OVERVIEW 2.1 Origin of distribution, taxonomic position and botanical characteristics of rain lily 2.1.1 Origin of distribution and taxonomic position 2.1.2 Botanical characteristics 2.1.3 Ecological requirements, cultivation techniques and care of rain lily 2.2 Situation of production, consumption of ornamental flowers in the world and Vietnam 11 2.2.1 Situation of production and consumption of ornamental flowers in the world 11 2.2.2 Situation of production and consumption of tuber flowers in Vietnam and some current methods of flower propagation 16 PART III OBJECTS AND RESEARCH MATERIALS 23 3.1 Research subjects 23 3.3.1 Materials 23 ii 3.3.2 Time and place of implementation 23 3.3.3 Content 24 3.3.4 Research method 26 PART IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 29 4.1 Research on growth and development characteristics of some varieties of rain lily 29 4.1.1 Vegetative growth of some varieties of rain lily 29 4.1.2 Research results on the influence of the V (notching) method on the propagation ability and quality of seedlings 46 PART V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 57 5.1 Conclusion 57 5.2 Recommendations 58 PART VI REFERENCES 59 iii LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Production situation of bulbous flowers in some countries in the world in 2013 12 Table 3.1 The subjects of the study are 10 samples of rain lily cultivars 23 Table 4.1 Characteristics of stems and leaves of rain lily 30 Table 4.2 The emergence of new leaves of some varieties of rain lily 32 Table 4.3 The tillering ability of varieties 34 Table 4.4 Stem diameter and bulbs growth rate of varieties rain lily 36 Table 4.5 Leaf length growth dynamics of rain lily varieties 37 Table 4.6 Flower morphological characteristics of rain lily varieties 39 Table 4.7 Effect of the rooting method on the survival rate, the ability to produce shoots, and the roots of the rain lily variety 47 Table 4.8 Effect of cutting method on the quality of rain lily seedlings 48 Table 4.9 Effect of cutting method on the number of leaves and shoots, the date of appearance of roots, and the ability to produce tubers of rain lily 50 Table 4.10 Effect of cutting method on the quality of rain lily seedlings 51 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figures 3.1 Materials and tools to prepare for cutting 26 Figures 4.1 Flower morphology of L1 41 Figures 4.2 Flower morphology of L2 42 Figures 4.3 Flower morphology of L3 42 Figures 4.4 Flower morphology of G1 43 Figures 4.5 Flower morphology of G2 43 Figures 4.6 Flower morphology of T1 44 Figures 4.7 Flower morphology of T2 44 Figures 4.8 Flower morphology of T3 45 Figures 4.9 Flower morphology of T4 45 Figures 4.10 Flower morphology of T5 46 Figures 4.11 Steps to split tubers according to the V-shaped method 53 Figures 4.12 Varieties Rain lily for rooting experiments 55 Figures 4.13 Some pictures of varieties before the experiment of splitting tubers 56 v LIST OF CHARTS Chart 4.1 New leaf movement of the rain lily 33 Chart 4.2 Comparison of the growth of new leaves of the varieties of rain lily 33 Chart 4.3 The tillering ability of rain lily varieties 35 Chart 4.4 Growth behavior of tuber diameter of rain lily 36 Chart 4.5 Leaf length growth dynamics of rain lily varieties 38 Chart 4.6 Stem length and flower diameter of varieties of rain lily 40 vi ABSTRACT This experiment evaluated a number of growth, development and propagation techniques of 10 varieties of rain lily planted in Gia Lam - Hanoi in 2021 Experiment was arranged in sequential blocks not repeat, each variety is one block, each block grows 50 plants The length of the varieties of rain lily ranges from 8.3 cm to 22.0 cm, the highest is the T3 variety, the lowest is the G1 variety Leaf width is from 2.4 mm to 9.7 mm with the largest width being T3 and the smallest being L3 The leaf thickness is from 1.0 mm to 1.7 mm, with the largest leaf thickness being T1 variety and the smallest leaf thickness being L2, G1, T5 varieties The leaf angle of the tree is in the range of 23 - 50⁰ The variety with the largest leaf angle is L2 and the variety with the smallest leaf angle is L3 The number of leaves on the tree is from 4.4 to 12.7 leaves the variety with the largest number of leaves being G2 and the variety with the smallest number of leaves on the tree G1 The tillering ability is from to 5.8 children/mother tuber The variety with the greatest tillering ability is L3 and the variety with the weakest tillering ability is the T5 variety Varieties with the characteristics of leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves per plant, large stem diameter are flower diameters large, stem length is proportional to flower diameter The length of the flower stalk varies widely from 16.1 cm to 27.1 cm, with the largest variety being T4 and the smallest variety being L1 Flower diameters range from 4.3 cm to 6.8 cm with the largest flower diameter being T4 and the smallest flower diameter being L1 Flower durability is 1-2 days The number of petals on the flower, there are two groups of 6-petal varieties and 12-petal varieties Affects of clonal propagation by the V-notching method on the growth and development of rain lily variety showed that: Through the experiment of splitting the tubers to propagate the rain lily by the V-shaped method, the propagation coefficient is low but its tuber quality is high Therefore, the propagation process was completed by the method of tuber slicing from cuttings until the plant's flower Research on breeding methods to bring higher economic efficiency and at the same time create varieties with longer durability and diverse colors suitable for Vietnamese conditions Key words: growth, development, propagation, rain lily vii PART I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Rain lily (Zephyranthes) with Vietnamese names called Toc Tien or Hue Mua Rain lily is a herbaceous, bulbous, perennial plant, about 10 - 30 cm tall, with elegant, delicate and beautiful leaves, glossy green leaves all year round, flowers in a variety of colors Rain lilies are very wrong flowers, often planted as flower beds, flower beds to decorate the campus The flower usually blooms in late summer until the end of autumn, after heavy rains, it is called Rain lily In addition to ornamental purposes, for a long time rain lily has also been used as medicine, treating common ailments such as headaches, colds and coughs to complex diseases such as breast cancer, diabetes, rheumatism, etc tuberculosis (Pham Hoang Ho, 2000; Ricardo et al., 2011; Sindiri et al, 2013; Katoch and Sigh, 2015) Our country has a humid tropical monsoon climate, creating different ecological zones suitable for the cultivation of ornamental flowers and plants, making them increasingly rich in types, diverse in color, size and smell incense,… They can be cut flowers, potted plants, decorative carpets Rain lily has an elegant beauty, a gentle and relaxing scent, in addition, it also has a strong vitality Therefore, they are widely grown as ornamental plants and become naturalized plants in tropical regions of the world This is a plant with high economic value and a commercial product in the floriculture industry In the world, rain lilies are very popular, grown in many countries in North America, Central America, Hawaii, Japan, Thailand, China, etc They are very diverse in types, shapes and colors Rain lily have rich colors from white, yellow, orange to pink, purple, But the market for rain lily in Vietnam is still underdeveloped, mainly planted with pink rain lily (Zephyranthes rosea) Some other areas such as Da Lat, Da Nang, also appear some white and yellow flowers But the ability to supply new rain lilies faces many difficulties due to Experiment 1: The experiment was carried out sequentially without repetition Table 4.7 Effect of the rooting method on the survival rate, the ability to produce shoots, and the roots of the rain lily variety Varieties T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Treatments CT1 Percentage of tubersalive (%) 100 Ability to produce shoots (%) 75 Number of roots/piece 1,8 CT2 100 50 1,8 CT3 100 50 1,3 CT1 100 50 2,3 CT2 100 25 1,5 CT3 100 25 1,8 CT1 100 50 1,5 CT2 100 25 1,5 CT3 100 25 1,3 CT1 100 75 1,8 CT2 100 50 1,8 CT3 100 25 2,0 CT1 100 75 CT2 100 50 1,5 CT3 100 25 (Note: CT1: split the tubers into parts; CT2: split the tubers into parts; CT3: split the tubers into parts) From the above table, I found that most of the mother tubers, when cut off for cuttings, are alive and well propagated The highest percentage of shoot forming fragments of T1 variety was CT1 with 75% and the least of CT2 and CT3 was 50% The highest rate of shoot fragmentation of T2 variety was CT1 with 50% and the lowest rate of CT2, CT3 with 25% The highest rate of shoot fragmentation of T3 was 50% of CT1 and the lowest rate of CT2, CT3 with 25% The highest rate of shoot fragmentation 47 of T4 was CT1 at 75% and the least of CT3 was only 25% The highest rate of shoot fragmentation of T5 was CT1 with 75% and the least of CT3 with 25% The highest number of roots per shoot piece of T1 variety was CT1, CT2 with 1,8 roots and CT3 with 1,3 roots The highest number of roots per shoot piece of T2 variety was CT1 with 2,3 roots and few CT2 with 1,5 roots The highest number of roots per shoot piece of T3 variety was C1, C2 with 1,5 roots and few CT3 with 1,3 roots The highest number of roots per shoot piece of T4 variety was CT3 with roots and few CT1, CT2 with 1,8 roots The highest number of roots per shoot piece of T5 variety was CT1, CT3 with roots and few CT2 with 1,5 roots Table 4.8 Effect of cutting method on the quality of rain lily seedlings Varieties Treatments T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 CT1 CT2 CT3 CT1 CT2 CT3 CT1 CT2 CT3 CT1 CT2 CT3 CT1 CT2 CT3 Leaflet length (cm) 2,0± 0,6 1,9 ± 0,1 2,2± 0,2 2,1± 0,8 1,9± 5,6 1,8± 0,2 1,5± 0,9 1,6± 0,6 1,9± 0,3 1,8± 0,1 1,8± 0,7 1,3± 0,2 1,6± 0,8 1,9± 0,6 1,7± 0,2 Leaflet width Circumference Number of (mm) Sapling (mm) bud leaves 2,8± 0,1 2,5± 0,2 2,5± 0,1 2,0± 0,1 2± 0,2 2,3± 0,1 2± 0,3 2,3± 0,2 2,3± 0,1 2,3± 0,1 1,8 ± 2,1 1,8± 0,2 2,3± 0,2 2,0± 0,3 1,8± 0,2 10,5± 0,1 9,8± 0,2 9,8± 0,2 9± 0,6 7,5± 0,5 9± 0,1 7,5± 0,6 8,3± 0,1 12± 0,6 9,8± 0,2 9± 0,1 8,3± 0,2 9± 0,2 9,8± 0,6 8,3± 0,2 0,34 ± 2,1 1,3± 0,2 2± 0,2 0,8± 0,6 1,3± 0,2 0,8± 0,2 0,8± 0,2 0,5± 0,8 0,8± 0,2 1,3± 0,2 0,8± 0,2 0,5± 0,6 0,5± 2,1 1,3± 0,2 1,0± 0,1 (Note: CT1: split the tubers into parts; CT2: split the tubers into parts; CT3: split the tubers into parts) 48 From the above table, we can see that: In the T1 variety, the leaf length was highest in CT3 (2.2 cm) and the smallest was in CT2 (1.9 cm), the highest leaf width is in CT1 (2.8 mm) and the lowest is in CT2 was CT2, CT3 (2.5 mm), the largest tuber circumference was in CT1 (10.5 mm) and the smallest was CT2, CT3 (9.8mm), the highest number of tuber leaves was CT3 (2 leaves), the lowest was CT1 (0.34 leaves) In the T2 variety, the leaf length was highest in CT1 (2.1 cm) and the smallest was in CT3 (1.8 cm), the highest leaf width was in CT3 (2.3 mm) and the lowest was in CT2, CT1 ( mm), the largest tuber circumference was in CT1, CT3 (9 mm) and the smallest was in CT2 (7.5mm), the highest number of bulbs was in CT2 (1.3 leaves), the lowest was in CT1, CT3 (0.8 leaves) In the T3 variety, the leaf length was highest in CT3 (1.9 cm) and the smallest was in CT1 (1.5 cm), the highest leaf width was in CT2, CT3 (2.3 mm) and the lowest was in CT1 (2 mm), the largest tuber circumference was in CT3 (12 mm) and the smallest was in CT1 (7.5 mm), the highest number of bulbs was in CT1, CT3 (0.8 leaves), the lowest was in CT2 (0.5 leaves) In the T4 variety, leaf length was highest in CT1, CT2 (1.8 cm) and the smallest was in CT3 (1.3 cm), the highest leaf width was in CT1 (2.3 mm) and the lowest was in CT2, CT3 (1.8mm), the largest tuber circumference was in CT1 (9.8 mm) and the smallest was in CT3 (8.3 mm), the highest number of bulbs was in CT1 (1.3 leaves), the lowest was CT3 (0.5 leaves) In the T5 variety, the leaf length was highest in CT2 (1.9 cm) and the smallest was in CT1 (1.6 cm), the highest leaf width was in CT1 (2.3 mm) and the lowest was in CT2 (1,8 mm), the largest tuber circumference was in CT2 (9.8 mm) and the smallest was in CT3 (8.3 mm), the highest number of bulbs was in CT2 (1.3 leaves), the lowest was in CT1, CT3 (0.5 leaves) The number of leaves of the bulbs in the varieties ranges from 1.3 leaves to 2.2 leaves During this time, the newly formed bulbs are gradually growing in a number of leaves and length, some bulbs have just appeared 1- leaves resulting 49 in the coefficient of variation in the number of leaves of the bulbs ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 leaves Regarding the leaf size of the bulbs, I noticed the superiority in length and width in varieties with formulas such as: CT1, CT3 of T1 variety with leaf sizes of 2cm long, 2.8 mm wide, respectively ), (2.2 cm long, 2.5 mm wide), CT1 of the T2 variety (2.1cm long, 2.0 mm wide) due to early leaf formation as well as good absorption leading to leaf quality high As for other varieties, CT has an average length ranging from 1.3 cm to 1.9 cm and a width of 1.8 mm to mm Experiment 2: The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with formulas and replications Table 4.9 Effect of cutting method on the number of leaves and shoots, the date of appearance of roots, and the ability to produce tubers of rain lily Varieties Treatments L1 L2 L3 G1 G2 CT1 CT2 CT3 CT1 CT2 CT3 CT1 CT2 CT3 CT1 CT2 CT3 CT1 CT2 CT3 LSD(5%) CV(%) Root appearance time (days) Number of bud leaves 20 22 24 20 22 24 19 21 21 22 22 23 19 20 21 1,1 0,8 1,9 2,8 1,6 1,6 1,3 1,3 1,2 1,3 2,8 2,5 0,8 7,8 Proportion of bud forming pieces 50 42 25 50 59 33 67 50 42 25 37 24 75 67 50 12,3 10,4 50 (Note: CT1: split the tubers into parts; CT2: split the tubers into parts; CT3: split the tubers into parts) From the table above, it can be seen that the rooting time of CT1 of the variety is from 19 to 20 days G2's CT2 seedling production rate of 75% was the highest among all varieties And CT3 of the G1 variety was the formula with the lowest percentage of tuber flakes at only 24% The treatments of the varieties with the lowest rooting rates ranged from 24% (G1-CT3) and 33% (L2-CT3) The remaining formulas had relatively large survival rates such as (CT2-G2): 67%, (CT1-L3): 67%, (CT2-L2): 59%,… Table 4.10 Effect of cutting method on the quality of rain lily seedlings Varieties Treatments Leaflet Leaflet Diamerter of Circumference length (cm) width tubers (mm) Sapling (mm) (mm) L1 CT1 1,8± 3,4 2,3± 0,1 3,3± 0,9 10,0± 0,9 CT2 1,8± 0,9 3,0± 0,1 2,1± 3,4 6,3± 0,4 CT3 1,5± 0,4 2,5± 0,1 2,0± 0,9 6,0± 0,4 CT1 1,6± 3,4 1,6± 0,1 1,8± 3,4 5,5± 3,4 CT2 2,0± 0,4 1,8± 0,1 1,8± 0,9 5,5± 0,5 CT3 1,6± 0,9 1,8± 0,1 2,3± 0,4 7,0± 0,9 CT1 1,7± 0,4 2,3± 0,1 3,0± 0,5 9,0± 0,4 CT2 1,6± 0,9 1,9± 0,1 2,0± 0,9 6,0± 3,4 CT3 1,8± 3,4 1,1± 0,1 2,1± 0,4 6,3± 0,4 CT1 1,8± 0,4 1,7± 0,1 2,3± 3,4 7,1± 3,4 CT2 2,1± 3,4 1,6± 0,1 2,8± 3,4 8,3± 0,9 CT3 2,0± 0,5 1,9± 0,1 2,0± 0,4 6,0± 0,4 CT1 1,8± 0,9 1,7± 0,1 2,7± 0,9 8,0± 0,9 CT2 1,7± 0,4 1,6± 0,1 2,8± 3,4 8,0± 3,4 CT3 1,8± 0,9 1,6± 0,1 2,6± 0,4 6,6± 0,4 LDS(5%) 5,0 0,7 0,3 0,5 CV(%) 17,3 17,8 12,1 16,7 L2 L3 G1 G2 51 (Note: CT1: split the tubers into parts; CT2: split the tubers into parts; CT3: split the tubers into parts) From the above table, we can see that: In the L1 variety, the leaf length was highest in CT1, CT2 (1,8 cm) and the smallest was in CT3 (1,5 cm), the highest leaf width is in CT2 (3,0 mm) and the lowest was CT3 (2,5 mm), the largest circumference sapling is CT1 (10,0 mm) and the smallest was CT3 (9,8 mm), the highest diameter of tubers was CT1 (3,3 mm), the lowest was CT3 (2,0 mm) In the L2 variety, the leaf length was highest in CT2 (2,0 cm) and the smallest was in CT1, CT3 (1,6 cm), the highest leaf width was in CT1, CT3 (1,8 mm) and the lowest was CT1 (1,6 mm), the largest circumference sapling was in CT3 (7,0 mm) and the smallest was CT1, CT2 (5,5 mm), the highest diamerter of tubers was CT3 (2,3 mm), the lowest was CT1, CT2 (1,8 mm) In the L3 variety, the leaf length was highest in CT3 (1,8 cm) and the smallest was in CT2 (1,6 cm), the highest leaf width was in CT1, CT3 (1,8 mm) and the lowest was CT1 (1,6 mm), the largest circumference sapling was CT3 (7,0 mm) and the smallest was CT1, CT2 (5,5 mm), the highest diamerter of tubers was CT3 (2,3 mm), the lowest was CT1, CT2 (1,8 mm) In the G1 variety, the leaf length was highest in CT2 (2,1 cm) and the smallest was in CT1 (1,8 cm), the highest leaf width was in CT3 (1,9 mm) and the lowest was CT2 (1,7 mm), the largest circumference sapling was in CT1 ( mm) and the smallest was CT3 (2,0 mm), the highest diameter of tubers was CT1 (3,3 mm), the lowest was CT3 (2,0 mm) In the G2 variety, the leaf length was highest in CT1, CT3 (1,8 cm) and the smallest was in CT2 (1,7 cm), the highest leaf width was in CT1 (1,7 mm) and the lowest was CT2, CT3 (1,6 mm), the largest circumference sapling was in CT1, CT2 (8,0 mm) and the smallest was CT3 (6,6 mm), the highest diameter of tubers was CT2 (2,8 mm), the lowest was CT3 (2,6 mm) 52 Some pictures of cutting tubers according to the V-cutting method: Using a knife to split Soaking in DacoNil Soaking in N3M Let the tubers have ⅔ of the tubers fungicide solution rooting stimulant treatment on solution the substrate Planting the tubers on the substrate and covering the black net in Figures 4.11 Steps to split tubers according to the V-shaped method 53 Figures 4.3.1 Varieties of L1 Figures 4.3.2 Varieties of L2 Figures 4.3.3 Varieties of L3 Figures 4.3.4 Varieties of G1 Figures 4.3.5 Varieties of G2 Figures 4.3.6 Varieties of T1 Figures 4.3.7 Varieties of T2 Figures 4.3.8 Varieties of T3 54 Figures 4.3.9 Varieties of T4 Figures 4.3.10 Varieties of T5 Figures 4.12 Varieties Rain lily for rooting experiments Figures 4.4.1 After 12 days cuttings of some varieties Figures 4.4.2 After 19 days cuttings of some varieties 55 Figures 4.4.3 After 26 days cuttings of some varieties Figures 4.4.4 After 33 days cuttings of some varieties Figures 4.13 Some pictures of varieties before the experiment of splitting tubers 56 PART V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Conclusion Through the results obtained from the internship, I have drawn the following conclusions: Growth dynamics of growth and development indicators: most varieties of rain lily have increased in experiment execution time Varieties continue to grow but grow more slowly due to cold winter conditions and show no sign of complete withering during the months Rain lily varieties have diversity in leaf characteristics: leaf length from 8.3 - 22 cm, leaf width from 2.7 - 9.7 mm, leaf thickness from - 1.7 mm The number of varieties with dark green color, leaf angle from 23 - 50⁰ The rate of new leaves of the varieties is not the same G2 leaf speed is the most Growth of 9.3 leaves/plant The seeding is different for each variety, in 10 varieties with the best seedling L3 variety (growth of 5.8 branches in months of follow-up), T5 variety did not have seedling during the monitoring period Rain lily varieties are also diverse in flower color, 9/10 varieties with single petals (6 petals/flower, stamens/flower), 1/10 varieties of double-flower petals (12 petals/flower, 1-3 stamens/flower) The varieties all have pistil/flower, 3/10 varieties have the pistil located lower than the stamen, 7/10 varieties have the pistil higher than the stamen The flower diameter when in full bloom is 9.5 cm, most are from to cm, the length of the flower axis is from 13.85 to 32.5, the flower positions are above the leaves, not obscured by the leaves The flowering time of rain lily varieties is from January to February, flower durability is from 1-2 days, time from bud appearance to flowering is from 3-4 days Through the experiment of splitting the tubers to propagate the rain lily by the V-shaped method, the propagation coefficient is low but its tuber quality is high 57 5.2 Recommendations Continue to observe and evaluate the growth and development of promising varieties of rain lily to determine their stability Further studies are needed on the characteristics of the reproductive organs (flowers, fruits, seeds) of the rain lily to create a premise for crossbreeding and breeding studies There should be studies on the impact of natural conditions and care conditions on the growth characteristics of new varieties of rain lily Continue to study to perfect the propagation process by splitting tubers from cuttings to flowering Applying the researched breeding process on promising seed lines to propagate in large numbers to meet the needs of consumers Research on breeding methods to bring higher economic efficiency and at the same time create varieties with longer durability and diverse colors suitable for Vietnamese conditions 58 PART VI REFERENCES Domestic documents: Đặng Hồng Giang (2010) Đánh giá đặc điểm nông sinh học hoa lily tìm hiểu khả tạo lai Gia Lâm, Hà Nội, Luận văn thạc sỹ, trường Đại học Nông nghiệp Hà Nội Huỳnh Thị Kim Diệu, Võ Ánh Tuyết (2014) Đánh giá đa dạng di truyền tính kháng khuẩn hoa phong huệ (Zephyranthes rosea (spreng) lindn), tạp chí khoa học trường Đại học Cần Thơ Số chuyên đề: Nông nghiệp (2014), (2): 29-35 Nguyễn Thị Đỏ (2007) Thực vật chí Việt Nam- Tập Loa KènLiliales NXB KH&KT- Hà Nội Nguyễn thị Lan (chủ biên) & Phạm Tiến Dũng Giáo trình phương pháp thí nghiệm, trường Đại học Nơng nghiệp Hà Nội Ninh Thị Phíp, Nguyễn Bá Hoạt, Trần Đức Viên, Nguyễn Đức Huy, Trần Văn Quang, Bùi Thế Khuynh, Vũ Quỳnh Hoa, Nguyễn Thị Thanh Hải, Bùi Ngọc Tấn, Vũ Thanh Hải, Nguyễn Đức Khánh, Lê Huỳnh Thanh Phương (2019) Hiện trạng giải pháp phát triển dược liệu Tây Ngun Tạp chí Khoa học Nơng nghiệp Việt Nam Phùng Thị Thu Hà, Phạm Thị Huyền Trang, Nguyễn Hữu Cường (2019) Đánh giá đặc điểm nông sinh học tập đoàn huệ mưa Gia Lâm - Hà Nội Tạp chí khoa học cơng nghệ nơng nghiệp Việt Nam số (100): 59 62 Vũ Quỳnh Hoa, Ngô Minh Hải, Nguyễn Đức Huy, Trần Văn Quang, Ninh Thị Phíp, Bùi Thế Khuynh, Bùi Ngọc Tấn, Vũ Thanh Hải, Nguyễn Đức Khánh, Nguyễn Anh Đức, Phạm Tuấn Anh, Nguyễn Văn Lộc, Trần Đức Viên 2021 Vegetable and Flower production in the Central Highlands of Vietnam: Current status and perspective strategies Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3(4): 771-783 59 Foreign documents: Edward F Gilman (1988) Zephyzanthes spp Universiti og Florida, Fact Sheet FPS-621 October, 1999 Huang C W., Okubo H and Uemoto S (1990).Comparison of bulblet from twin scales and singles scales in Hipeastrum hybrimdum cultured in vitro Scientia Hortic., 42:151-160 JCM Buschman, International Flower Bulb Center, PO Box 172 2180 AD Hillegom Raymond O Flagg and Garald L Smith (2007) Delineation and Distribution of Zephyzanthes Species (Amaryllidaceae) Endemic to the Southeastern United States Received September 4, 2007; Accepted May 24, 2008 RoyChowdhury, M and J Hubstenberger 2006 Evaluation of cross pollination of Zephyranthes and Habranthus species and hybrids.Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 60: 113-118 Torrey Botanical Society Chromosome Number and Morphology in Habranthus and Zephyranthes Bulletin of the Torey Botanical Club, Vol 81, No 2(Mar – Apr., 1954), pp 141-148 Zhu Y., Liu K S and Yiu J C (2005) Effect of cutting method on buld production of Hippeastrum hybridum in Taiwan, Department of Horticulture: 531-535 Documents on the internet: Pacific Bulb Society│Zephyranthes Access from date: 02/11/2021 http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Zephyranthes Sản xuất hoa giới – kinh tế nước trồng hoa cảnh Access from date: 02/11/2021.http://saigonhoa.com/san-xuat-hoa-trenthe-gioi-nen-kinh-te-cac-nuoc-trong-hoa-cay-canh/ 60 Sản xuất hoa Việt Nam Access from date: 27/10/2021 http://caytrongvatnuoi.com/cay-trong/san-xuat-hoa-o-viet-nam/ Zephyranthes – Wikipedia Access from date: 27/10/2021 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zephyranthes Rain lilies planting guide Access from date: 02/11/2021 https://www.easytogrowbulbs.com/pages/rain-lilies-zephyranthesplanting-guide 61