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Chifcfng TlfiN BO HOC - CdNG• NGHfi • KHOA • TRONG N6NG NGHlfiP M uc tieu: - Nam vitng nhitng kien thtic ca ban va nhting noi dung chu yeu ve tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe - Biet van dung vao thuc tiin quan ly tai cac co so nong nghiep viec phat trien luc luong san xuat N o i d u n g tom tat: Khoa hoc theo nghia chung nha't la he thong nhting kie'n thtic, hieu biet cua ngudi ve quy luat van dong va phat trien khach quan cua tu nhien, xa hoi va tu Cong nghe theo nghia chung nhat la tap hop nhting hieu biet ve cac phuong thtic va phuong phap huong vao cai tao tu nhien phuc vu nhting yeu cau cua ngudi N h u vay, cong nghe la nhting kien thtic cua ngudi d d dupe chuyen hod phuong thtic va phuong phap san xuat, dupe vat chat hod hoat dong san xua't N oi dung tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe ndng nghiep la rong ldn, lien quan tdi su phat trien cua tat cd cac yeu to ca'u luc luong san xua't cua nganh N noi dung chu yeu la thuy loi hod, co gidi hod, dien hod, hod hoc hod va sinh hoc hod nong nghiep Ddi vdi chu the san xua't kinh doanh nong nghiep, viec lua chon hinh thtic phu hop de chuyen giao tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe cho ho se tqo dieu kien thuan loi de ho tiep thu va phat huy co hieu qua tting tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe Thuc tiin phat trien ndng nghiep d c a c nude va o n u d e ta cho 17 thay cd the lua chon mot nhung hinh thuc chuyen giao nhu: md hinh chuyen giao cong nghe tuye'n tinh, mo hinh chuyen giao cong nghe thich ung, md hinh nghien cuu he thd'ng canh tac, md hinh nghien citu tit ndng dan, mo hinh cai tien da nguon va dac biet thudng xuyen nghien citu tdng ket cac dien hinh tien tien, nhan dien hinh tien tien ve dp dung tien bd khoa hoc - cdng nghe ndng nghiep I DAC DIEM TIEN B KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE TRONG NONG NGHIEP Nhumg khai niem co lien quan Lich sir xa hoi loai ngirdi da trai qua nhirng giai doan phat trien khac tir thdi ky mong muoi, thdi ky dd da, thdi ky dd ddng cho den thdi ky cua cuoc cach mang khoa hoc - ky thuat hien dai De dat dupe nhung "nac thang" tien bo qua trinh phat trien nhu tren, ngudi tir ch6 le thuoc vao tu nhien, den chd vuon len nhan thCrc quy luat khach quan cua tu nhien, tien tdi chinh phuc tu nhien nham dap ting nhu cau phat trien cang cao cua minh Nhu vay, khoa hoc theo nghia chung nhat la he thdng nhirng kien thuc, hieu biet cua ngudi ve quy luat van dong va phat trien khach quan cua tir nhien xa hoi va tu Cdng nghe theo nghia chung nhat la tap hop nhung hieu biet ve cac phuong thuc va phuong phap hudng vao cai tao tu nhien, phuc vu cac nhu cau cua ngudi Ngay thuat ngir "cong nghe" dupe sir dung rat ph6 bien cac linh vuc san xuat khac Vi du: cdng nghe hoa dau, cdng nghe ddng tau, cong nghe chan nuoi, cdng nghe gen, cdng nghe sinh hoc Nhu vay, khai niem "cdng nghe" cung la tap hop nhirng hieu biet cua ngudi, nhung khong phai la nhung hieu biet hay nhan thuc su vat khach quan noi chung, ma la nhung hieu biet da dupe chuyen hoa phuong thuc va phuong phap san xuat, nhung hi£u biet da dupe "vat chat hoa" cdng cu lao dong, ddi tupng lao dong, quy trinh cdng nghe hoac ket tinh lai ky nang, ky xao hay cach thuc ket hop cac yeu td dau vao cho cd hieu qua nhat ciia ngudi lao dong hoat dong san xuat Cung cd su phan biet giua hai khai niem ky thuat va cong nghe Kv thuat thudng dupe hieu la mot tap hop cac may moc, thiet bi cung nhu he thdng cac phuong tien dupe dung de san xuat hay phuc vu cac nhu cau khac cua xa 78 hoi Nhu vay, noi den ky thuat ngudi ta thuong nghi den yeu to quan nha't la may moc thiet bi, ttic la cac cong cu lao dong Tuy theo viec cong cu lao dong dupe su dung la thu cong hay co ma ngudi ta goi dd la nen san xuat ky thuat thu cdng hay ky thuat co gidi Giua ky thuat va cdng nghe cd mdi lien quan mat thiet vdi Sang tao mot cdng nghe mdi thudng keo theo su doi mdi ky thuat, ddi hdi nhung phuong tien ky thuat mdi de thuc hien no Ngupc lai, sir doi mdi ky thuat thudng dupe tao bdi nhung cdng nghe mdi va den lupt no ky thuat mdi thuc day viec hoan thien hon va khang dinh cong nghe mdi Xet tu goc nghien ctiu cong nghe nham phuc vu viec quan ly hoat dong chuyen giao cdng nghe va thuc day toan dien cac hoat dong cdng nghe, ngudi ta phan biet hai phan khac la “phan cting” va “phan m6m” cua cdng nghe nhu sau: + Phan cting cua cdng nghe hay phan ky thuat cua cdng nghe bao gom nhung may moc, thiet bi, cdng cu, nguyen nhien vat lieu Phan goi la nhung yeu to vat chat hay phuong tien vat cha't cua cdng nghe Nhung phuong tien vat chat cd trinh ky thuat cang hien dai thi trinh ky thuat cua cdng nghe san xuat cang cao + Phan mem cua cdng nghe gom ba bo phan cau thanh: Mot la, yeu to ngudi dd cd ky nang, kinh nghiem, tinh sang tao, truyen thdng, dao dtic kinh doanh, nang luc quan ly Vdi trinh cdng nghe cao thi ddi hdi phai cd nhung ngudi cd nang luc va trinh tuong ting de van hanh va su dung cac phuong tien ky thuat hien cd Hai la, cac tai lieu cdng nghe gom cac thiet ke, cac dinh mtic, cac chi tieu kinh te - ky thuat, cac hudng dan nghiep vu hay ky thuat van hanh, cac bi quyet Phan goi la phan thdng tin cua cdng nghe chtia dung nhung van de da dupe tdn tru va tu lieu hoa Ba la, yeu td the che hay phan to chtic cua cdng nghe bao gom viec xay dung, hoach dinh chie'n luoc, xay dirng ke hoach va to chtic dong vien, thuc day, kiem soat hoat dong, xay dung va thirc hien chinh sach khuyen khich Sau thd'ng nhat cach hieu khai niem khoa hoc va cdng nghe nhu da trinh bay d tren, phan tich lich sir phat trien cua khoa hoc va cdng nghe, ta thay cd mot so diem quan dang chti y sau day: 79 Thu nhat, khoa hoc va cong nghe co moi quan he tac dong qua lai bi£n chung va thdi dai khoa hoc ky thuat va cong nghe gan k£t chat che voi nhau; tham chi khoa hoc trd luc luong san xuat true tiep Ngudi ta dung thuat ngu “Khoa hoc - cdng nghe” de the hien mdi quan he bien chiing noi tren Thu hai, cac yeu td hop cua cdng nghe gdm: vat chat - ky thuat, ngudi, thdng tin va yeu td the che, nhu da trinh bay d tren cd mdi quan he bien chung, tac dong qua lai lan qua trinh thuc hien nhung tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe Ddi vdi mot cdng nghe bat ky thi phan ky thuat la phan cot loi Tuy nhien, ky thuat tu ban than no khong hoat dong dupe Vi vay, cung vdi viec nang cao trinh cua phan ky thuat, can phai thay doi tuong ung trinh cua phan thdng tin va phan ngudi Neu dpi ngu nhan luc dupe cung cap day du thdng tin, ky thuat can thiet, to chuc tot se lam cho phan ky thuat cd kha nang su dung cao va cd hieu qua hon Phan the che la yeu td dieu hoa, phoi hop cac yeu td lai lam cho mot tien bo khoa hoc cong nghe cd the dupe khang dinh tren thuc te hoat dong san xua't Thu ba, doi vdi mdi tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe linh vuc san xuat cua bat ky nganh kinh te nao cung deu cd qua trinh phat sinh, phat trien, lac hau va cuoi cung bi thay the bang mot tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe mdi hon Ngudi ta noi tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe cd vong ddi cua no Thu tu, viec trien khai mot tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe mdi nen kinh te noi chung va ndng nghiep ndng thdn noi rieng, bao gid cung tao nen nhung tac dong nhat dinh len cac mat cua ddi song kinh te - xa hoi Vi vay, viec hoach dinh va thuc thi nhung chinh sach han che tac dong tieu cuc cd y nghia rat to ldn Dac diem tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe nong nghiep a Cac tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe ndng nghiep phai dua vao nhung tien bo ve sinh vat hoc va sinh thai hoc, lay cdng nghe sinh hoc va sinh thai hoc lam trung tam Cac tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe khac nhu thuy lpi hoa, co gidi hoa, dien khf hoa, hoa hoc hoa, cai tao dat, v.v phai dap ung yeu cau cua tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe sinh hoc va sinh thai hoc Mdi quan he sinh vat, sinh thai san xua't ndng nghiep ddi hdi cac tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe khac hudng su phat trien cua minh vao viec cai 80 tien ban than sinh vat (cac cay vat nuoi) va cai tien moi trudng song cua sinh vat Viec nghien ctiu de tao giong mdi san xuat ndng nghiep, ddng thdi lai ddi hdi viec nghien ciru de tao mot loat cac yeu td ddng bo khac Cu nhu vay, tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe ndng nghiep cang phat trien theo chieu rong va chieu sau Hoat dong san xua't ndng nghiep dang phai doi mat vdi tfnh khan hiem ciia cac yeu td nguon luc Nhu vay, nhirng cong nghe mdi trdng trot va chan nuoi khong nhung phai nham hudng nang cao sue song ben cua cay trdng, vat nuoi, su dung vdi hieu qua cao nhat nguon tai nguyen dat dai sinh thai hien cd, ma phai gop phan giu gin, tai tao cac nguon tai nguyen dd de dam bao su phat trien ndng nghiep ben vung tuong lai b Viec nghien cuu ting dung cac tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe ndng nghiep mang tfnh vung, tmh dia phuong cao Do cd su khac biet v i loai dat, dia hinh, thdi tiet khf hau v.v Sir khac biet giua cac vung ndng nghiep ndng thon ddi hdi phai khao nghiem, phai dia phuong hoa cac tien bo khoa hoc cdng nghe trudc trien khai ap dung dai tra c Tfnh da dang cua cac loai hinh cdng nghe ndng nghiep + Xet mdi quan he tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe vdi san pham, cd hai loai hinh cdng nghe Mot loai goi la cong nghe tham canh nham nang cao nang suat sinh vat va nang suat kinh te tren mdi don vi dien tfch Loai thti hai goi la cong nghe c a giai va tu dong hoa, chu yeu nham nang cao nang suat viec lam, tiet kiem thdi gian lao dong mdi khau cong viec, giam bdt hao phf lao dong song Lua chon sir ket hop hai loai cdng nghe noi tren nhu the nao la thuoc mdi giai doan phat trien cua nganh ndng nghiep d tting vimg khac de dap ting nhu cau xa hoi; nhu cau rut bdt lao dong ndng nghiep de phat trien cac nganh dich vu va san xuat phi ndng nghiep d ndng thdn; van de giai quyet viec lam va thu nhap, v.v + Xet tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe mdi quan he giua cac yeu to dau vao cua san xuat ndng nghiep, cd hai loai la cdng nghe di thang va cdng nghe di xien Cdng nghe di xien la loai cdng nghe tiet kiem lao dong dien hinh, gan lien vdi viec ap dung cac may moc hien dai va giai phong bdt lao dong Loai cdng nghe thudng dupe ap dung d nhung nude cd nen kinh te 81 phat trien nhirng thieu lao dong nong nghiep Doi voi nhirng nuoc di sau va kinh te kern phat trien nhu nuoc ta can co su nghien cuu toan dien de quyet djnh lua chon su ket hop hai loai hinh cong nghe cho phu hop d Tfnh dong bo can doi phat trien tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe nong nghiep Xet tren khfa canh vat chat - ky thuat, mot tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe bat ky nong nghiep deu duoc bieu hien a sir phat trien ve cong cu lao dong, doi tuong lao dong va su phat trien ky thuat, ky nang cua chmh ban than nguoi lao dong Noi cach khac, su phat trien tung mat, tung bo phan cua luc luong san xuat la ?u bieu hien co tmh vat chat ky thuat cua tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe nong nghiep Neu nhu tung tien bo khoa hoc cong nghe rieng le chi tac dong den su phat trien tirng mat, tirng yeu to cua luc luong san xuat, thi ngupc lai, su phat trien ciia nganh nong nghiep lai dua tren su phat trien dong bo ciia cac yeu to cau co so vat chat ky thuat ciia ban than nong nghiep Dieu co nghia la, can co su van dung tong hop cac tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe rieng le de dam bao su phat triein 6n djnh va vung chdc ciia nong nghiep Tuy nhien, m6i giai doan phat trien, ket qua tac dong khac ciia cac tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe rieng le vao su phat trien tirng yeu to ciia luc luong san xuat lam cho tong the co so vat chat ky thuat ciia nong nghiep lo nhung bo phan lac hau, yeu kern hon Khac phuc nhung bo phan lac hau yeu kem chmh la nhiem vu tam mot giai doan nhat dinh cua viec nghien cuu ap dung tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe II N I DUNG TIEN B KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE TRONG NONG NGHIEP Tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe nong nghiep co noi dung rong Ion lien quan toi su phat trien cua tat ca cac yeu to, bo phan cau luc lupng san xuat cua nganh Sau day la mot so noi dung chii yeu: Thuy loi hoa nong nghiep 1.1 Khai niem Thiiy loi hoa nong nghiep la qua trinh thuc hien tong hop cac bien phap khai thac sir dung va bao ve cac nguon nuoc tren mat dat va dudi mat dat cho 6.GTKTNN-8 nhu cau san xua't va sinh hoat d nong thon, dong thdi han che cac tac hai cua nuoc gay cho san xua't va doi song - Day la tien bo khoa hoc - cong nghe lien quan den nude ciia san xuat ndng nghiep va ddi song ndng thdn Yeu to nude thudng gan lien vdi dat dai, song bien, thdi tiet hau, v.v Vi vay, thuy loi hoa cd noi dung rong ldn vdi nhung pham vi khac tren mot vung, mot quoc gia, tham chi cd van de mang tinh khu vuc va quoc te - Thiiy loi hoa la mot qua trinh dai ciia nhirng tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe viec cai tao va chinh phuc thien nhien, tren co sd nhan thirc cac quy luat cua tu nhien, trudc het la cac quy luat ve nude Cac yeu to tu nhien ve nude, thdi tiet hau, ddng chay song, v.v luon luon cd dien bien phirc tap, vi vay thuy loi hoa la qua trinh lien tuc va lau dai 1.2 Noi dung Thuy loi hoa cd noi dung rong gom: 1/ Tri thiiy cac ddng song ldn Day la cdng viec ldn lien quan den nhieu dia phuong (vi du: tri thuy song Hong) hoac nhieu quoc gia (vi du: tri thuy song Me Kong); 2/ Phong chong lut bao Day la cong viec lien quan den ca nude hoac nhung viing rong ldn; / Cdng tac thuy ndng; / Bao ve nguon tai nguyen nude day chung ta chi nghien cuu noi dung chu yeu ciia cdng tac thiiy ndng a Khai niem: Theo tir dien Bach khoa ndng nghiep Viet Nam (nam 1991), thiiy ndng la mdn khoa hoc thuy loi phuc vu san xuat ndng nghiep: xay dung cdng trinh (thuy cdng) tudi, tieu nude cho cay trdng, sir dung nude de cai thien tinh chat ly, hoa hoc ciia dat theo hudng cd lpi cho san xuat ndng nghiep (thuy lpi cai tao dat) Tren the gidi, cach day hang van nam da cd he thdng tudi nude d luu vuc song Tecgenna (vung giap gidi giua Irac va Lien Xo cu) Tudi nude da dupe ap dung rong rai d cac viing can dong va vi6n ddng cach day vai nghin nam d Viet Nam, tir lau nhan dan ta da biet dao gieng, lam muong lay nude tudi ruong Den th e k y XIX da lam cac song dao de lam thiiy lpi Ngay nay, vdi su phat trien ciia khoa hoc - cdng nghe, ngudi da biet sir dung nhieu phuong phap tudi khac va xay dung dupe he thdng cdng trinh thuy ndng kien co va hien dai de phuc vu san xuat ndng nghiep 83 Thuy lcri cai tao dat co muc dich bien doi cac di6u kien thien nhien khong thuan loi cua khf hau, tho nhudng, dia chat, thuy van cua dat canh tac bang cac hinh thuc khac nhu dung tudi, tieu nude de dieu tiet che am, nhiet, dieu kien dinh dudng, khong khf, vi sinh vat dat de tao dieu kien dat nang suat cao cho cay trdng, cho thuy san nuoi Dung nude de thau chua rira man va dung cac bien phap phu hop chong tac dung cua nude lam xoi mdn dat, rira troi chat mau dat Cdng tac thuy nong cd noi dung chu yeu la tudi va tieu nude phuc vu san xuat nong nghiep Trong cac nganh kinh te quoc dan, ndng nghiep la nganh sir dung nhieu nude nhat bang bien phap tudi Theo tai lieu cua Vien Khoa hoc va kinh te thuy lpi, tfnh den nam 1992 ca nude cd 5,63 tr.ha canh tac, dupe tudi tieu la 2,037 tr.ha Binh quan hang nam da sir dung 49,3 ty met khoi nude, dd miia kho 30 ty met khoi Du kien den nam 2010 dua dien tich canh tac dupe tudi len 3,40 tr.ha (tuong ting dien tfch gieo trdng dupe tudi la 8,0 tr.ha) se nang tong luong nude tudi tieu len 72,0 ty met khoi/nam, rieng miia kho 44,0 ty met khoi Tong tru luong nude mua kho cac song d nude ta la 128 ty met khoi/vu, nhu vay ddi hdi phai xay dung nhieu cong trinh ho chua de tiep nguon nude cho cac song va bo sung nude cho dap dang nhu Lidn Son, Bai Thuong, Nam Thach Han va cac tram bom d luu Cac he thdng tieu thoat nude hien tai khong chi phuc vu trdng trot ma tieu thoat cho toan luu vuc phuc vu dan sinh, kinh te, xa hoi, quoc phong Den nam 1992, dien tfch luu vuc viing he thdng tieu la 2,138 tr.ha, dd d mien Bac la dang tieu rieng biet dien tfch la 1,003 tr.ha, d mien Nam la he thdng tieu tu nhien va tudi ket hop vdi dien tfch luu vuc la 1,135 tr.ha Du kien den nam 2010 nang luu vuc viing he thdng tieu thoat len 2,9 tr.ha Nhu vay tuong lai, nganh thuy ndng dang d giai doan phat trien ca ve sd lupng va chat luong phuc vu b Nhitng van de kinh te, quan ly can chu y cua cdng tac thuy ndng De dap ung nhu cau tudi tieu nude phuc vu phat trien ndng nghiep, cdng tac thiiy ndng can chu y nhung van de kinh te va quan ly chu yeu sau day: - T6 chuc quan ly cdng trinh thiiy ndng Hien mot luu vuc nude hoac viing lanh tho, cac cdng trinh tudi, 84 tieu nuac loai nhd, vita, ldn thudng phat trien rieng biet theo kha nang dau tu cua nen kinh te va nhu cau cua cac nganh, vi vay hinh cac to chtic quan ly rieng re, tach biet gay nen nhung hien tuong trung lap, mau thuan dau tu xay dung va quan ly khai thac cdng trinh De viec phat trien dau tu va khai thac thuy loi cd hieu qua, tren thuc te cd ba hudng to chtic quan ly cac cdng trinh thuy ndng nhu sau: + Quan ly theo tuyen cdng trinh Day la phuong thtic quan ly dupe ap dung tir thdi bao cap He thdng cac cdng trinh thuy lpi dupe phan chia he thdng cdng trinh dau mdi, cap I, cap II, va cap III dupe to chtic quan ly chat che vdi su bao cap cua Nha nude Quan ly theo tuyen cdng trinh tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho viec quan ly kinh te va ky thuat thuy lpi, song cd han che co ban ia khong gan ket dupe vdi quan ly cua cac cap chinh quyen dia phuong + Quan ly theo luu vuc nude Luu vuc nude hay goi la khu vuc thuy lpi, la vung lanh tho cd quan he ve nguon nude, khai thac su dung, tieu thoat hay thai nude cung nhu cac bien phap bao ve mdi trudng nude Phuong thtic thudng dupe ap dung quan ly cac ddng song, quan ly cac cdng trinh thuy lpi ldn nhu cdng trinh dau mdi, cdng trinh tieu thoat cho ca mot vung v.v + Ket hop quan ly theo tuyen cdng trinh va theo luu vuc nude mdi luu vuc nude hay khu vuc thuy lpi thudng cd cac he thdng thuy lpi ldn, vtia va nhd dan xen Viec xay dung, tu bo, quan ly khai thac sir dung cac cdng trinh dupe thuc hien theo nguyen tac: cdng trinh pham vi xa xa phu trach; cdng trinh pham vi lien xa huyen phu trach; cong trinh lien huyen tinh phu trach; cdng trinh lien tinh trung uong phu trach Nhu vay hinh cac don vi quan ly true thuoc cac cap, tao mdi quan he ve kinh te va hanh chinh theo tirng cap cd mdi quan he vdi - Nguon vdn dau tu xay dung cdng trinh thuy ndng: + Dau tu thuy ndng cua Nha nude Hudng dau tu thuy ndng cua Nha nude chu yeu la: + Dau tu xay dung, phat trien cac he thdng thuy ndng mdi; dau tu khoi phuc, sira chira ldn cac he thdng thiiy ndng dang van hanh da het han sti dung; dau tu ting dung ky thuat, cdng nghe mdi; tro gia dich vu thuy ndng cac trudng hop thien tai, tieu thoat nude phi canh tac; trp cap vdn dau 85 tir phat trien thuy loi nhd, thuy lai noi dong xa va hop tac xa Ve nguon von dau tu: Nguon von dau tu cua Nha nuoc vao thuy nong bao gom von ngan sach, von nude ngoai, von Nha nude huy dong dudi dang quy, tin phieu, trai phieu, co phan theo tirng du an hay cong trinh cu the Tuy difeu kien cu the ma Nha nude dau tu von cho cac cong trinh thuy loi theo cac hinh thuc chu yeu sau day: Dau tu va tu t6 chtic doanh nghiep de lam djch vu theo chinh sach kinh te tai chinh hien hanh; dau tu ban dau mot phan rdi giao cho doanh nghiep quan tri dau tu lam dich vu, tu hach toan; cho doanh nghiep, tu nhan vay voi lai suat uu dai, thai gian dai de dau tu; tro cap dau tu ban dau mot phan cho doanh nghiep, khong hoan lai von; bao tin cho cac doanh nghiep vay von nude ngoai de lam thuy loi + Dau tu thuy nong cua xa hay hop tac xa: Huong dau tu: Doi voi thuy lai nho, noi dong xa hoac hap tac xa nong nghiep dam nhiem noi nao chua co hop tac xa kieu moi, UBND xa lap to thuy lai dam nhiem viec huy dong von, nhan luc theo chinh sach Nha ' v nude va quy che dia phuang de dau tu vao thuy loi O noi nao co hop tac xa thi se cac hop tac xa dam nhiem j Nguon dau tu cho thiiy loi noi dong gom: Tro cap dau tu phat trien thiiy loi nho, thuy loi noi dong tir ngan sach cap tren; ngan sach xa true tiep dau tu; huy dong cong lao dong nghia vu cong fch doi vai lao dong tuoi ; cac dong gop khac; cac khoan tro giup khac - Cac hinh thtic to chtic khai thac, sir dung he thdng thuy ndng + Cac hinh thtic to chtic khai thac su dung he thdng thiiy ndng cua Nha nude bao gom: Doanh nghiep khai thac thuy loi (theo hinh thtic cdng ty), xi nghiep hoac Ban quan ly thuy lpi Hoat dong dich vu thuy lpi ciia cac cdng ty, doanh nghiep khai thac thiiy lpi cd the cd cac md hinh chu yeu sau: + Hach toan chua day du, theo dang can ddi thu chi hang nam, Nha nude cap bii kinh phi chi theo du toan cac hang muc kinh phf dupe ca'p bii Md hinh dupe ap dung cho hau het cac don vi quan ly khai thac thuy lpi vtia va nhd + Sir nghiep dich vu thuy lpi cd thu nhung so thu nhd chi 10 - 20% sd can chi Hang nam doanh nghiep lap tong dir toan chi phf va du kie'n phan thu, cuoi nam quyet toan dira vao sd thue chi va thuc thu 86 Sir dung tot cac cong cu kinh te quan tac dong den xuat khau nong san va nhap khau vat tu phuc vu nong nghiep nhu: thue xuat, nhap khau, han ngach xuat, nhap khau va ty gia hoi doai + Su dung tot cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung de to chuc tot cong tac du bao va thong tin thi truong, nang cao kha nang tiep thi cua cac chu the kinh te Chfnh sach gia ca nong nghiep co muc tieu la on dinh gia ca, on dinh thj trudng mot cach tuong ddi de bao ve san xuat nong nghiep, bao ve loi fch chfnh dang cua ngudi san xuat va ngudi tieu dimg Dac diem quan cua gia ndng san la cd tfnh khong on djnh vi nhieu nguyen nhan: San xuat nong nghiep chju anh hudng nhi£u cua dieu kien tu nhien (han han hay lu lut co the gay mat miia); he sd co dan ciia cau theo gia ndng san pham la thap, nghia la cau v6 ndng san ft phan ting vdi nhirng bien gia; hieu qua ciia doi mdi cong nghe san xuat nong nghiep (dac biet ndng nghiep ciia cac nude phat trien) cd tac dong manh len phfa cung ndng san Ket qua tat yeu cua mdi quan he giua ap luc cung tang vdi cau ft co dan lam cho gia nong san co xu hudng thap De dat duoc nhirng muc tieu cua chfnh sach, chfnh sach gia ca nong nghiep nude ta g6m nhung noi dung chu yeu sau day: + Thu hep va tien tdi xoa bo quan he ty gia bat hop ly giua gia hang cdng nghiep va djch vu vdi gia hang nong san, tao dieu kien khach quan cho viec thuc hien tai san xuat md rong nong nghiep + Bo che nhieu gia trudc day, thuc hien che mot gia ddi vdi moi loai vat tu va ndng san hang hoa + Trong nhung trudng hop dac biet, Nha nude cd the ap dung nhung chfnh sach nhu h6 tro gia dau vao (phan bon, hat giong mdi ), hd tro tiep can thj trudng phu hop vdi nhung cam ket quoc te ve hoi nhap cua ndng nghiep, mua tro gia ddi vdi san pham dau theo nhung dot de on djnh gia ca thj trudng, chong tut gia qua muc co tac dong xau tdi san xuat nong nghiep e Chinh sach xuat khau ndng san Day la mot chfnh sach quan ddi vdi nong nghiep ciia Nha nude ta, cd y nghia ldn viec khai thac loi the so sanh ciia nen ndng nghiep Viet Nam 147 nhiet ddi, gio mua, lai co ca rung va bien Chfnh sach xua't khau nong san hien d nude ta gom nhung noi dung co ban la: + Nha nude khuyen khfch cac phan kinh te tham gia san xua't va xuat khau Da dang hoa san pham nong san xua't kh£u va da dang hoa thi trudng tren co sd giu virng thj trudng truyen thd'ng, tim kiem them thj trudng mdi Tang ty nong san che bie'n, giam ty nong san tho xuat khau + Khuyen khfch nude san xuat nhung mat hang ndng san thuc phim thay the nhap khau de tang hieu qua kinh te; coi xuat khau tai chd tren thj trudng noi dja qua trinh phat trien manh cua nganh du lich + Su dung linh hoat cac cdng cu kinh te khuyen khfch xuat khau nhu xoa bo han ngach, cat giam thue xuat khaiu theo lo trinh hoi nhap, dieu tiet hop ly ty gia hoi doai g Chinh sach khuyen nong Hoat dong khuyen ndng cd tCr rat sdm ljch sir phat trien ndng nghiep nude ta TCr cd Chi thj 100/CT-TW (1981) va dac biet la sau Nghj quyet 10 cua Bo Chfnh trj (1988), chfnh sach khuyen ndng duoc dac biet coi Nghj djnh 13/CP (2/3/1993) cua Chfnh phu quy djnh cu the ve cdng tac khuyen nong Theo Nghj djnh nay, Nha nude to chu’c khuyen ndng tu trung uong den co sd; cho phep phat trien cac to chu’c khuyen ndng tu nguyen cua cac doan the, cac to chirc kinh te - xa hoi va tu nhan de giup ndng dan phat trien san xuat Nghj dinh 13/CP cung quy djnh noi dung chu yeu cua cdng tac khuyen nong la: + Pho bie'n tien bo ky thuat trdng trot, chan nuoi, cdng nghe che bie'n bao quan ndng san, bie'n kinh nghiem cac dien hinh tien tien hoat dong san xuat ndng, lam, ngu nghiep + Boi dudng va phat trien ky nang, kie'n thtic ve kinh te va ky thuat cho ndng dan + To chtic, khuyen khfch cac phong trao san xua't va hoat dong cong ddng d ndng thdn h Chinh sach doi moi co ca'u kinh te nong nghiep, ndng thdn Day la mot chu truong ldn cua Dang va Nha nude ta Muc tieu cua chfnh 148 sach la chuyen nen kinh te cua nude ta chu yeu la nong nghiep nen kinh l€ co co ca'u hop ly theo hudng tang ty cong nghiep va dich vu nong thon so luong tuyet doi cua san xua't nong nghiep van tang len Chfnh sach d6i mdi co ca'u kinh te' ndng nghiep, nong thdn the hien tap trung d Nghi quyet Trung uong ldn thu* (khoa VII) vdi nhung noi dung chu yeu sau day: + Phat trien nhanh, virng chac va cd hieu qua cac nganh san xuat cdng nghiep dich vu d ndng thdn, tren co sd dd tang nhanh ty cac nganh co ca'u kinh te cua m6i vung va m6i dia phuong Chu trudc he't nhirng nganh cdng nghiep va dich vu phuc vu ndng, lam, ngu nghiep + Tang nhanh ty nganh chan nuoi co cau kinh te ndng nghiep; da dang hoa san pham chan nuoi va chu chan nuoi xua't khau + Phat trien cac vung va tieu vung diem san xua't cac san pham luong thuc, cay cdng nghiep chu yeu nhu cao su, ca phe, che de phat huy the manh cua cac vung; tren co sd dd thuc hien tham canh tang nang suat, nang cao chat luong san pham, dap ting nhu cau nude va xuat khau + Phat trien manh nganh thuy san tren tat ca cac mat nuoi trdng, danh bat, che bien de khai thac cd hieu qua tiem nang mat nude va vung bien ciia nude ta + Phat trien nganh lam nghiep theo hudng bao ve rirng hien cd dac biet la rirng dau nguon, rirng phong ho, khu bao ton; cham soc va tai sinh vdn rirng; phu xanh dat ddi nui troc; ket hop hop ly giua khai thac vdi che bie'n lam san III B MAY QUAN L f NHA NUOC VE PHAT TRIEN NONG NGHIEP Bo may quan ly nha nude ve phat trien ndng nghiep la mot he thong co quan quyen luc cac cap tir trung uong de'n dia phuong chiu trach nhiem quan ly ndng nghiep d tam vi md bao gdm: Quoc hoi, Chfnh phu, Bo Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn, Sd Ndng nghiep cac tinh, va Phong chuyen mdn d cac huyen Ha Noi, Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn 149 va Phong Ke hoach - kinh te va phat trien nong thon cap huyen la co quan true tiep quan ly nha nuoc doi voi phat trien nong nghiep va nong thon tren toan Churc nang, nhiem vu, quyen han to churc bo may cua So Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon Ha Noi 1.1 Churc nang So Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon Ha Noi la co quan chuyen mon thuoc UBND Ha Noi co chuc nang tham muu giup viec cho UBND Thanh thuc hien chuc nang quan ly nha nuoc ve nong nghiep, lam nghiep, thuy san va phat trien nong thon tren dja ban Ha Noi Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien nong thdn chju sir quan ly va chi dao true tiep cua UBND Thanh Ha Noi, ddng thdi chju su hudng d in , chi dao va kiem tra ve chuyen mdn nghiep vu cua Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn 1.2 Nhiem vu va quyen han + Xay dung, trinh UBND Thanh phe duyet quy hoach, ke hoach phat trien nganh nong nghiep, lam nghiep, thuy san, thuy loi va de dieu phat trien nong thon va to chuc chi dao thuc hien cac quy hoach sau duoc phe duyet Giup UBND Thanh to chuc thuc hien cac chfnh sach che cua Nha nude ve quan ly, xay dung va phat tri^n nganh ndng, lam nghiep, thuy san, thuy loi va xay dung ndng thdn mdi Nghien curu de xuat vdi UBND Thanh cac co che chfnh sach, bien phap thuc hien viec khuyen khfch phat trien va quan ly nganh + Giup UBND Thanh hudng d in thuc hien cac djnh muc kinh te, ky thuat, quy trinh san xuat cua nganh theo hudng d in cua Bo + Quan ly nha nude ve cdng tac giong thuc vat, dong vat va cac hoat dong djch vu thuoc chuyen nganh sd quan ly + To chuc chi dao cong tac khuyen ndng, khuyen lam va khuyen ngu To chuc cong tac nghien cuu khoa hoc cong nghe va ung dung tien bo khoa hoc cong nghe vao san xuat cua nganh tai dja phuong + Td chuc va giam djnh nha nude chat luong cac cdng trinh xay dung 150 chuyen nganh thuy loi va to chu'c tham dinh nha nude ve thiet ke, dir toan dau tu cac cong trinh thuy loi tren dia ban pho; quan ly nha nuoc ve chat luong nong, lam san hang hoa; quan ly an toan cac cong trinh de, dap theo trach nhiem duoc giao; quan ly an toan san xuat trot va chan nuoi + Thuc hien chu'c nang quan ly nha nude ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep nganh ndng, lam, thuy san, thuy loi, Sd quan ly theo dung Luat Doanh nghiep nha nude, Luat Cong ty, Luat Doanh nghiep tu nhan va cac quy dinh cua Chmh phu va cua UBND Thanh + Thirc hien cdng tac tra nha nude va kiem tra, tra chuyen nganh To chu'c va quan ly cdng tac hop tac quoc te linh vuc thuoc Sd quan ly + Thuc hien nhiem vu thudng true ciia Ban chi huy chong lut, bao Thanh pho, Ban Chi dao phat trien kinh te ngoai va xay dung nong thon mdi + Chi dao va hudng d in UBND huyen bo nhiem trudng phong nong nghiep va phat trien ndng thdn Duoc UBND Thanh uy quyen lam chii nhiem dieu hanh cac du an dau tu xay dung To chuc quan ly he thdng de dieu, phong chong lut bao, bao ve cong trinh thiiy loi 1.3 Td churc bo may va bien che can bo cua Sd Sd Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon cd giam doc va hai giam doc giup viec: Cac phong ban chuyen mon nghiep vu gom: - Phong Hanh chfnh tdng hop - Phong Td chuc can bo - Phong Ke hoach dau tu - Phong Ky thuat ndng nghiep - Phong Thuy loi - Phong Thanh tra nha nude Sd Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon - Phong Quan ly Khoa hoc - cong nghe va chat luong san pham - Phong Xay dung co ban - Phong Chfnh sach va xay dung ndng thdn mdi 151 Phong Ke hoach - Kinh te' va Phat trien nong thon 2.1 Churc nang, nhiem vu a Vi tri Phong Ke hoach - Kinh te va Phat trien nong thon la co quan chuyen mon true thuoc UBND huyen, dong thdi la to chuc cua he thong quan ly nganh tir trung uong den cap huyen, chiu sir huong d in chuyen mon nghiep vu cua Sd Ke hoach va Dau tir, Sd Nong nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn, Sd Cong nghiep, Sd Thuong mai, Sd Khoa hoc cong nghe, SdT nguyen - Mdi trudng va cac ban nganh cua Thanh Phong khong phai la cap tren cua don vi co sd, khong cd quyen cac quyet dinh ddi vdi don vi co sd b Chuc ndng Tham miru cho UBND huyen thuc hien chu’c nang quan ly nha nude ve nganh, linh vuc tren lanh tho huyen To chuc, thirc hien cac chu truong, che chfnh sach cua Dang va Nha nude,cua Thanh va huyen c Nhiem vu Nhiem vu cua Phong Ke hoach - Kinh te va Phat trien ndng thon da co nhieu bo sung cung vdi nhung giai doan sap nhap cua phong Theo Quyet dinh sd 92/2001/QD-UB 23/10/2001 cua UBND Ha Noi, Phong Ke hoach - Kinh te va Phat trien nong thdn huyen cd cac nhiem vu sau: + Xay dung quy hoach, ke hoach dai han, trung han va ke hoach hang nam ve phat trien tong the cac mat kinh te, van hoa, xa hoi, ke hoach dau tu, chuong trinh, du an dau tu xay dung bang nguon vdn nha nude huyen quan ly To chu'c trien khai, kiem tra, don doc viec thuc hien ke hoach d cac don vi + Hudng d in cac to chuc, cac xa, thi tran thuoc huyen ve nghiep vu lam cdng tac ke hoach + Xay dung ke hoach ung dung tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat hudng d in co sd thuc hien cac tieu chuan dinh muc, chat luong san pham va cdng tac lirdng theo quy dinh cua Nha nude 152 + Xay dung quy hoach, ke hoach phat trien cong nghiep, tieu thu cong nghiep, thuong nghiep, dich vu, nong - lam nghiep, thuy loi va phat trien nong thon tren dia ban + La co quan thudng true th^rn dinh cac du an dfiu tu Tiep nhan ho so, tham dinh ket qua trung thau cac cong trinh dau tu bang nguon von Nha nude thuoc tham quyen quyet djnh cua huyen Theo ddi, kiem tra viec thuc hien cac du an dau tu sau da phe duyet + Hudng dan kiem tra cac xa, phudng, thi tran, ca nhan thuc hien quy hoach, ke hoach, cac quy trinh, quy pham, tieu chudn kinh te - ky thuat cong nghiep, ndng nghiep, thuong nghiep, thuy loi + Giup UBND huyen xay dung cac de an phat trien nganh nghe mdi ung dung tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat, nang cao chat luong san pham truyen thdng, tang them nguon hang tieu dung va xuat khau + Kiem tra nghiep vu chuyen mon v6 cong tac ke hoach - dau tu theo hudng dan cua nganh cap tren + Lam thu tuc cap giay phep dang ky kinh doanh: cdng nghiep, tieu thu cong nghiep, ndng lam nghiep, thuong nghiep, van hoa tren dia ban huyen theo tham quyen + Kiem tra cac hoat dong cua cac to chu'c va ca nhan sau da duoc cap giay phep + Lam thudng true cdng tac phong chong bao lut va cdng tac hoan chinh thuy ndng + Giai quyet don thu khieu nai, td cao theo tham quyen + Thuc hien cac nhiem vu khac Thudng true Huyen uy, HDND, UBND huyen giao 2.2 Trach nhiem va quyen han a Trach nhiem - Phong chiu trach nhiem trudc UBND huyen va Sd chuyen nganh ve cong tac chuyen mdn, chiu sir kiem tra cua UBND huyen va cac Sd ddi vdi hoat dong quan ly duoc giao 153 - Bao cao UBND huyen, cac so ve quy hoach, ke hoach, bao cao dinh ky, dot xuat dung thoi gian, noi dung quy dinh b Quyen han - Trieu tap cac don vi co so de bien chu truong, quyet dinh cua Nha nuoc, UBND pho, UBND huyen trien khai cac nhiem vu cong tac chuyen mon cua nganh - Ban hanh van ban huong din nghiep vu, giri cac van ban phap quy tdi UBND xa, thj tran va cac to chtic co lien quan huyen - Thudng xuyen giam sat, kiem tra viec chap hanh chfnh sach phap luat tai cac don vj co sd thuoc nganh tren dja ban - Lap bien ban, thong bao yeu cau don vj tren dja ban cham dtit nhting hoat dong vi pham phap luat, che do, chfnh sach cua Nha nude va quy djnh cua Thanh pho, cua dja phuong - De nghj cap tren khen thudng ddi vdi cac don vj cd tfch xuat sic, kien nghj nhting bien phap xti ly hanh chfnh ddi vdi nhting don vj vi pham phap luat - Kien nghj cap tren nhting bien phap giup dd co sd thao go nhting kho khan, cho sua doi bd sung nhting quy djnh xet thay khong phu hop 2.3 To chtic nhan su va hoat dong a To chuc nhan su Phong Ke hoach - Kinh te va Phat trien ndng thdn huyen theo bien che gom mot trudng phong, hai phong va cac chuyen vien can bo Trong dd, trudng phong chju trach nhiem chung, chju trach nhiem trudc UBND huyen ve lanh dao va didu hanh moi hoat dong cua Phong de to chtic thuc hien nhiem vu duoc quy djnh tai Quyet djnh sd /2001/QD-UB ciia UBND Ha Noi va nhting nhiem vu ciia UBND huyen giao, ddng thdi chju trach nhiem vdi giam doc cac sd chuyen nganh ciia Thanh pho, trudng phong giup viec cho trudng phong va chju trach nhiem trudc trudng phong cimg vdi trudng phong chju trach nhiem trudc UBND huyen, cac sd chuyen nganh ve chat luong hieu qua cdng viec duoc phan cdng 154 b To chu'c hoat dong Tren co so nhiem vu duoc giao, hoat dong cua Phong duoc to chuc theo cac to gom: To Tong hop, To Ke hoach - Dau tu, To Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon, To Cong nghiep - tieu thu cong nghiep, Thuong mai - dich vu, To Giao thong, thuy loi, quan ly de va phong chong lut bao Cac to deu chiu su quan ly true tiep cua trudng phong va trudng phong Cau hoi dn tap Trinh bay ban chat, chu'c nang cua quan ly nha nude ve phat trien kinh te nong nghiep? Theo ban, quan ly nha nUdc phat trien kinh te nong nghiep khac biet vdi quan trj kinh doanh nong nghiep nhu the nao? He thong cong cu quan ly nha nUdc ve phat trien kinh te nong nghiep la gi? NgUdi ta nhan dang he thong cong cu quan ly nha nUdc ve phat trien kinh te nong nghiep nhu the nao? Ban co hieu biet gi ve vai tro cua chinh sach kinh te he thong cong cu quan ly nha nUdc ve phat trien kinh te nong nghiep? Hay trinh bay noi dung cua mot so chfnh sach kinh te chu yeu nong nghiep nUdc ta? Ban hay neu nhung hieu biet cua minh ve cac chinh sach phat trien nong nghiep cua Ha Noi? Bo may quan ly nha nUdc ve phat trien nong nghiep? Ban co hieu biet gi ve to chu'c, chu’c nang nhiem vu, quyen han cua cac cap bo may quan ly nha nude ve phat trien nong nghiep Ha Noi? 155 TA I LIEU THAM KHAO C hien luac p h a t trien nong nghiep ndng thdn th d i ky cdng nghiep hoa, hien dqi hoa den nam 2010 - Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon - H, 7/2000 C hu truong, ch in h sach cua Ddng, N h d nude ve tiep tuc ddi m di vd p h a t trien ndng nghiep ndng thon NXB Nong nghiep, H, 1993 L u a t D at dai sua doi nam 2003 M ot sd vdn ban phap luat hien hanh ve p h a t trien n d n g nghiep, nong thon, NXB Lao dong - xa hoi, H, 1999 L u a t H ap tac xa svta doi nam 2003 N g h i quyet 03/CP/ 2000 ve p h a t trien k in h te tra n g trai Tap chf Kinh te va Phat trien so 35 thang 3-4/2000, tr 60 - 64 H u d n g dan tieu c h i d inh luang xac dinh la trang trai Thong tir lien bo Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon - Tong cuc Thong ke so 69 23/6/2000 (Tap chf Kinh te va phat trien so 41 thang 11/2000) va so 62 20/5/2003 (Thoi bao Kinh te so 28/5/2003) V dn kien D qi hdi D dng lan thuc IX , NXB Chfnh tri Quoc gia, H, 2001 tr 188, 192 K inh te ho ndng dan, Dao The Tuan, NXB Chfnh tri Quoc gia, H, 1997 10 T huc trang vd gidi p h a p p h a t trien K inh te trang trai V iet N a m theo h u d n g cdng nghiep hoa, hien dqi h o a , Nguydn Dinh Huong chu bien, NXB Chfnh tri Quoc gia, H, 2000 11 K inh te hop tac, hop tac xa a Viet N am , th u c trang vd d inh hudng p h a t trien, Nguydn Van Bfch Chu Tien Quang, Luu Due Sung dong chu bien NXB Nong nghiep, H 2001 12 Doi mdi to chuc vd quan ly cac H T X ndng nghiep ndng thdn, Luong Xuan Quv, Nguyln The Nha dong chu bien, NXB Nong nghiep H 1999 156 MUC LUC Ldi gidi thieu Ldi ndi dau Chuong NHIJNG VAN DE CHUNG VE NONG NGHIEP VA DOI TUONG, NHIEM VU, PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU MON HOC I Mot sd van de chung ve nong nghiep II Ddi tuong, nhiem vu va phuong phap nghien curu mdn kinh te ndng nghiep 24 Chuong CAC HINH THUC TO CHU'C SAN XUAT TRONG NONG NGHIEP VIET NAM 27 I Khai quat ve cac hinh thuc to chuc san xua't ndng nghiep 28 II Kinh te ho, kinh te trang trai ndng nghiep 29 III Kinh te tap the va tiep tuc doi mdi hop tac xa ndng nghiep 34 IV Kinh te nha nude ndng nghiep 40 Chuong KINH TE SU'DUNG CAC NGUON LUC TRONG NONG NGHIEP 43 I Su dung nguon lire ruong da't 44 II Sir dung nguon nhan lire ndng nghiep 55 III Sir dung nguon luc von ndng nghiep 64 Chuong TIEN BO KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE TRONG NONG NGHIEP 77 I Dac dieim tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe ndng nghiep 78 II Noi dung tien bo khoa hoc - cdng nghe ndng nghiep 82 III To churc cac hoat dong khuyen ndng 96 Chuffng SAN XUAT HANG HOA VA THI TRUONG NONG NGHIEP 103 I San xuat hang hoa va chuyen mon hoa nong nghiep 104 II Thi truong nong nghiep .116 Chuang QUAN LY NHA NU6C VE PHAT TRIEN NONG NGHIEP NUdCTA 129 I Ban chat, chuc nang quan ly nha nude ve phat triln nong nghiep 130 II Khai niem va phan loai he thdng cong cu quan ly nha nude ve phat trien nong nghiep 140 III Bo may quan ly nha nude ve phat trien nong nghiep 149 Tai lieu tham khao 156 nh A x u Xt b a n h A n Oi - TO N G DUY TAN, QUAN H O A N KIEM, H A N O I DT: (04) 8252916; 8257063 - FAX (04) 8257063 GlAO TRiNH KINH TE NONG NGHIEP NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI - 2006 Chiu trach nhiem xuat ban: NGUYEN KHAC OANH Bien tap: TRUONG DUC HUNG NGUYfiN HUYNH MAI Bia: PHAN ANH TU Trinh bay, ky thuat vi tfnh: HOANG THUY LUONG Sua ban in: NGUYEN HUYNH MAI In 530 cuon k h o 17x24cm tai X h a in H a X6i Q u y e t d in h x u a t b a n so: ] 2006 /C X B /1 03G T - 19/HX So in: 96/1 In x o n g v a n op lifu c h ie u q u y I n a m 200(
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