Study to assessment of wastewater in nui phao mining company limited, ha thuong commune, dai tu district, thainguyen province

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY NGUYEN QUYNH ANH STUDY TO ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER IN NUI PHAO MINING COMPANY LIMITED, HA THUONG COMMUNE, DAI TU DISTRICT, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study mode : Full-time Major : Environmental cience and Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Batch : 2017 - 2021 Thai Nguyen, 2021 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name NGUYEN QUYNH ANH Student ID DTN1754290009 Thesis Title Study to assessment of wastewater in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited, Ha Thuong commune, Dai Tu district, ThaiNguyen province Supervisor (s) Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai Supervisor’s signature (s) Abstract: The purpose of this study is to survey wastewater of Nui Phao Mining Company in first months of 2021 periods The most goals were to evaluate the current status of wastewater in Nui Phao Mining Company and to propose a few estimations to diminish water contamination as well as to diminish the release of wastewater into clean water sources A considerable amount of wastewater must be treated and released to the right location within the company The bio-digester-treated influent significantly reduced water quality parameters such as natural oxygen demands (BOD), chemical oxygen demands (COD), ammoniac nitrogen (NH3-N), and added to suspended solids (TSS) The corporation has started building a wastewater treatment system that can effectively process wastewater and oversee wastes release at the expo The ii basic arrangements are developed after examining the situation within the production plant In terms of management, the corporation should follow tight procedures for trash treatment and wastewater discharge into the environment When it comes to innovation agreements, the corporation has chosen appropriate options Keywords: Wastewater, treatment, discharge, Nui Phao Mining, pollution Number of pages 66 Date of submission November 5th, 2021 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude, Dr Nguyen Thanh Hai and Mr Truong The Manh, for guiding me through my studies at Nui Phao Company Their insightful comments, suggestions, support, and participation in my graduate thesis learning process were quite helpful I want to express my gratitude to all of the presenters who eagerly shared important information about water treatment with the entire class I'd also like to express my gratitude to my family and friends, who have always supported and encouraged me throughout my academic career I'd like to thank Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, as well as the coordinators and program managers, for their help and support I would like to take this time to thank my classmates for their unwavering support, ambitious direction, invaluable constructive criticism, and kind advise during this semester I am grateful to them for providing their honest and enlightening perspectives on a variety of topics connected to my thesis Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to all who took part in my survey and willingly shared their time during the interviewing process I'd like to express my gratitude to my loved ones for their unwavering support throughout the process, both in terms of keeping me calm and assisting me in putting the puzzle pieces together Thank you all very much! Sincerely yours iv TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF FIGURE LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale 1.2 Research’s objectives 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Limitations 1.5 Definitions PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Regulations of wastewater management 2.2 Scientific background 2.2.1 Related definitions 2.2.2 Water quality assessment 2.3 Empirical background 12 2.3.1 Water resources and water pollution in the world 12 2.3.2 Studies on water quality in Vietnam 14 2.4 Study review 16 2.4.1 The general information of Nui Phao Company 16 2.4.2 The name of sources and locations of receiving wastewater from Nui Phao Company 17 2.4.3 The natural conditions of wastewater discharge area 18 2.5 Industrial wastewater 24 2.5.1 Inorganic industrial wastewater 24 v 2.5.2 Organic industrial wastewater 24 2.6 Wastewater treatment technology system of Nui Phao Mining and Processing Co., Ltd 25 2.6.1 Overview of the collection, treatment and discharge system of Nui Phao Mineral Exploiting and Processing 25 2.6.2 Wastewater collection and treatment technology 26 2.6.3 Wastewater collection and treatment technology at the outlet DP3 39 PART III METHODS 41 3.1 Object and scope of study 41 3.2 Location and time 41 3.3 Materials 41 3.4 Study content 41 3.4.1 Basic characteristics of Nui Phao Mining Company Limited 41 3.4.2 Assessment situation of wastewater quality in the industrial zone 41 3.4.3 Proposal of a number of solutions to reduce pollution and effects of wastewater to surrounding environment 41 3.5 Methods 42 3.5.1 Sampling site 42 3.5.2 Secondary data collection method 42 3.5.3 Water analysis 42 3.5.4 Data processing, analyzing, synthesizing and assessing data methods 43 PART IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION 44 4.1 General information about wastewater treatment system 44 4.1.1 The wastewater system in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited 46 vi 4.1.2 The situation of wastewater treatment of Nui Phao Mining Company Limited 48 4.2 Assessment of current situation of wastewater in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited 49 4.2.1 Current situation of wastewater in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited 49 4.2.2 Assessment of the impact of wastewater of Nui Phao Company to local people 56 4.3 Discussion 58 PART V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 61 5.1 Conclusion 61 5.2 Recommendation 61 5.2.1 Management solutions 61 5.2.2 Technological solutions 62 REFERENCES 64 APPENDICES 67 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: The coordinates of the discharge points of Nui Phao Mining 17 Table 2: The monthly average rainfall in 2017 20 Table 3: Category parameters of wastewater treatment plant 28 Table 4: Current of wastewater collect, treatment 46 Table 5: Wastewater quality in the first months of 2021 at OTC 50 Table 6: Wastewater quality in the first months of 2021 at STC 51 Table 7: Wastewater quality in the first months of 2021 at PTP 53 Table 8: Wastewater quality in the first months of 2021 at DP2 54 Table 9: The effect of wastewater in Nui Phao Company to agriculture production and the health of people living around there 56 Table 10: The impact of wastewater in Nui Phao Company to agriculture production and the health of people living around there 57 Table 11: Wastewater quality observation program is being implemented at Nui Phao Mining 62 LIST OF FIGURE Figure Map of geographical location of Nui Phao mine 16 Figure The location of Nui Phao Mining area 18 Figure Stream system in Dai Tu area 22 Figure Diagram of wastewater collection, treatment and drainage 25 Figure Flowchart of technology for collection, treatment and drainage of DP2 26 Figure Diagram of technology for collection and drainage of DP3 39 Figure Map of the main area of Nui Phao mine 45 Figure Map of discharge points 48 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand TDS : Total Dissolved Solids TSS : Total Suspended Solids BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand DO : Dissolved Oxygen NPM : Nui Phao Mining DP : Discharge point COND : Conductivity TSF-SP : Tailings Storage Facility-Sediment Pond WDSP : Waste Dump Sediment Pond EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment PSSP : Plant Site Sediment Pond STC : Sulfide Tailing Cell OTC : Oxide Tailing Cell NWD : North Waste Dump WWTP : Wastewater Treatment Plant 4.3 Discussion Depending on how the question arises, it may be investigated with a few specific substances aimed at illuminating the wastewater issue To begin with, the Nui Phao Company's natural security operation and utilization condition is typically excellent In addition, the corporation has proposed plans to clean wastewater from the facility that was previously discharged into the pond To keep a strategic distance from leakage into private ranges, the corporation should have a more focused wastewater treatment framework The collection was carried out in accordance with the legislation, however the route and time of collection were not defined Furthermore, the company's wastewater situation and surrounding ranges are typically problematic and upsetting Since wastewater has a negative impact on local residents' health and agriculture generation levels by creating trim abdication, producing illness in humans and animals, and slowing animal growth As a result, the firm has wastewater tests with medium levels of BOD5, COD, Coliform, TSS, and other contaminants, which help the company stay on track with the direction of the Vietnamese standard for wastewater quality in 2021 Finally, techniques for reducing wastewater pollution are discussed It is critical to combine administrative and technological structures Specialists must improve water asset controls to the mechanical zone Aside from that, it should be linked to a clear instrument for managing water assets and water system structures, in order to enable and oversee the establishment, approval, and oversight of organizations and persons who are directly involved in the abuse of water assets The organization will have to work on and progress a more 58 centralized wastewater treatment system in the near future Nui Phao Company uses the following wastewater treatment methods: - Biological treatment: Location-based waters with elevated Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Natural Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels will require organic treatment to reduce the levels to acceptable levels Waters that need to be treated will be sent via this section of the WWTP - Conditioning reactor: Megnectic stream transmitters detect water streams from the Oxide Following Control Dam (OTC) and Sulfide Following Control Dam (STC) to the conditioning reactor Water is also supplied to the conditioning reactor from the plant's runoff lake (PSRP) These are logged and documented in order to announce the timetable - Biological reactor: The biological reactors' goal is to reduce organic and chemical oxygen demand through microbial transformation The health of the microbial biomass and a steady supply of oxygen are critical to the reactor's operation The organic reactor is divided into two partitioned regions with comparable measurements that function in tandem Each section is supported by its claim penstocks and may be detached for support if necessary When the discuss first enters the organic reactor, it travels through 5000 submerged and evenly distributed diffusers, which produce little bubbles The little bubbles provide a larger surface area for increased oxygen take-up within the reactor Administrators' visual perception of the organic reactor's surface on a regular basis enables them to identify faulty diffusers by their unexpected bubble patterns on the surface 59 - Sedimentation thickener: Water is piped from the organic reactor to reactor tank No 1, where it is mixed with Poly aluminum chloride (PAC) to aid molecular flocculation before thickening Treated water from reactor tank No floods the sedimentation thickening, which might be a standard thickener that supplies a cleared water stream with a high density The thickener discharges clarified water into the metal precipitation reactor tank - Metals and Flouride removal: The sedimentation thickener's water overflows the No metal precipitation reactor tank This may be added and blended with Pit exchange lake water here (PTP) Attractive stream transmitter measures this excess stream On the neighborhood control framework and the most plant, both momentary and totalized streams are displayed These are lumberjacks, and they've been documented for scheduling purposes The average flow rate of PTP water is expected to be about 240 m3/h The additional streams will be monitored to ensure that the total combined stream does not exceed 1500 m3/h The combined stream water is pumped into a three-reactor treatment system Within the manganese, fluorine, and other metals accelerating into stable compounds, the pH of the reactors is watched and regulated to a pH of 9.5 The parameters are used to regulate the rate of lime measurements to specific locations inside the reactor Water from the last fluorine evacuation reactor cascades to the WWTP dregs dam by gravity, where the long residence period allows the little quantity of accelerated particles to settle freely at the dam's foot Treated water is pumped from the WWTP silt dam into the TSF-SP dregs lake to start the water cleaning process Solids that must be removed may accumulate over time in the TSF dregs lake During the occasional shutdowns of the wastewater treatment facility, the dregs lake will be cleaned up as needed Solids were ejected during the cleaning process Will be dried and delivered to an appropriate location 60 PART V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Conclusion The study, titled "Study to Assess Wastewater in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited, Ha Thuong commune, Dai Tu district, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam," has revealed both environmental protection work and wastewater treatment circumstances not only in Nui Phao Company but also in other mechanical zones Apart from that, with the complete picture of contamination and its consequences, it serves as a warning not only for the mechanical zone, but also for local residents and natural security experts Anticipating water pollution with comprehensive remedies is crucial Despite the fact that the study has provided a few preliminary findings, it still has certain limitations The results of this investigation can be tested in a pilot program to ensure that they are compatible A helpful investigation for this idea may focus on how to move wastewater through the mechanical zone, then recommend revisions and changes for the next phase of the process To ensure natural sanitation, provide extra hardware for wastewater collection, capacity, and treatment Finally, wastewater treatment from mechanical zones is becoming increasingly visible in order to improve the living environment and human health 5.2 Recommendation 5.2.1 Management solutions  Developing a wastewater collection, treatment, and waste management system that is timed to the mine's operational stages: 61 The Nui Phao mine has just recently began to operate, but the waste collection, treatment, and waste management systems have been reasonably successful Currently, it appears that the development items fulfill the need for wastewater collection, treatment, and seepage for the exhibition and subsequent periods Wastewater collection and treatment frameworks will be extended and updated to ensure that wastewater is entirely collected, treated, and met before being discharged into the water source  Implement a program to monitor the quality of wastewater, receiving water sources, and the amount of subsurface water: The monitoring and management of wastewater quality at Nui Phao Mining is done on a regular and close basis in order to assess the quality of squander water released recently Water quality and testing activities might be carried out under the control of the Service of Natural Resources and Environment, ensuring guidance with a thick plan and a high recurrence surveillance system The table below summarizes specific facts on the monitoring program: Table 11: Wastewater quality observation program is being implemented at Nui Phao Mining Object The number of The frequency of monitoring positions observation Every day Wastewater Monitoring parameters pH, TSS, TDS, COD, DO Metal ions, TSS, pH, 15 positions Every month TDS, COD, DO, total hardness, NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, SO4262  Reduce the risk of acid flow: Nui Phao Company has implemented the following steps to reduce the risk of corrosive stream formation: - Sulfur tailings sludge is discharged into the STC supply with the goal of maintaining a 2m layer of water to prevent oxidation - The corrosive waste shake is released into the STC storage with the guideline of submergence submerged with a depth of at least 2m - pH monitoring in the pit, PTP supply, and STC supply, as well as flooding storm water storage to treat neutralized lime caustic and hastened overpowering metals every day  To prevent pollution of water sources in the area of tailing reservoirs: The company also performs routine checks on the operation and solidity of dams that contain tailings mineral, such as water weight checking hardware, tilt gages that track the flat developments of the dam, using sidewalls to degree the settlement of the dam development fabric, and mounting the overview guide at the top of the dam to degree the movement of the peak when working the structure 5.2.2 Technological solutions - Flooding rain water collection structure will be redesigned and expanded Then, increase the storm water runoff region from 24,000 m2 to 28,000 m2, as well as the capacity capacity, to increase sedimentation capacity when runoff overflows - Maintain and improve the residential wastewater treatment framework to ensure treatment efficacy in accordance with the system's design 62 - To ensure the capacity and treatment of STC and OTC supplies, increase the stockpiles within the tailings supply range (tailings dams will be raised to 10 m each in agreement with the stage diagram) - Examining, evaluating, and overhauling the water adjust show and the wastewater checking point arrangement - When the amount of excessive metals in squander water exceeds the squander release norm, construction of squander water treatment works may be necessary 63 REFERENCES Advanced Chemical Systems (n.d) The Importance of pH in wastewater treatment Retrieved from http://advancedchemsys.com/importance-ph-wastewater-treatment/ Aurthur, R.A AZ Quotes Retrieved from: https://www.azquotes.com/quote/938134?ref=water-pollution Bac, N.V (2021) Coordinator Environment Monitoring at Nui Phao Mining Company Center for Educational Technologies (n.d) Water quality assessment: Physical: Temperature Retrieved from http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/waterq3/WQassess4h.html Exploring the Environment Water Quality Water Quality Assessment: Physical: Temperature Retrieved from http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/waterq3/WQassess4h.html Facts and Details (2012) Water pollution in China Retrieved from http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat10/sub66/item391.html Hanchang SHI (2013) Industrial Wastewater-types, Amounts and Effects Retrieved from ttps://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0638/1fa6d4c2f91f1f1e32186ce2267246b76fb 5.pdf Hellawell, J.M (1989) Chemical indicators of Freshwater pollution and Environmental management Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publisher, p 206-215 Huong, N.T.Q (2015) Wastewater status in Thai Nguyen city Retrieved from Assessment of Wastewater status in Thai Nguyen city in 2015 64 10 Khoa, L.V , Quynh, N.X and Viet, N.Q (2013) Environmental chemical indicators Hanoi: Educational Publishing House 11 NORWECO (n.d) Tests on water and wastewater Retrieved from http://www.norweco.com/html/lab/WhatTests.htm 12 Song, P.V (2013) Hanoi region for providing clean water and environmental sanitation 13 Tan, H.V (2014) Status of water environment in Vietnam Retrieved from https://hethongxulynuocthaimivitech.wordpress.com/2014/08/02/hien-trangmoi- truong-nuoc-o-viet-nam/amp/ (accessed on 02/08/2014) 14 The Constructor Civil Engineering Home Characteristics of Water – Physical, Chemical and Biological Retrieved from: https://theconstructor.org/environmental-engg/characteristics-of-waterphysical-chemical-biological/4735/ 15 The Encyclopedia of earth (2013) Water resources Retrieved from: http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/157013/ 16 The National Assembly of Vietnam (2014) Law on Environment Protection Hanoi The National Center for Science and Technology Information (2013) Environment Bulletin in October 2013 Hanoi 17 Thien, L.V (2013) Lecture on environment pollution Hanoi: VNU University of Science USGS (n.d) Definition of Turbility Retrieved from http://water.usgs.gov/edu/turbidity.html 65 18 VOV (2013) State of water pollution in Vietnam Retrieved from http://www.kc- cottellvietnam.com.vn/story/tinh-trang-o-nhiem-moi-truongnuoc-tai-viet-nam 19 WHO (2013) Basic epidemiology Retrieved from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43541/9/9241547073_vie.pdf 66 APPENDICES APPENDIX I: SAMPLE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER’S IMPACT ON NUI PHAO MINING COMPANY TO LOCAL PEOPLE This survey questionnaire is part of an actual study conducted by students at Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry's K49 - Environmental Science Management (Advanced Education Program) Information that you provide will help students collect data and information for research: "Study to assessment of wastewater in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited, Ha Thuong commune, Dai Tu district, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam” I promise that the information provided by students will not harm you, thanks to the approval and supervision of the Environmental Protection Agency and Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry We appreciate your willingness to provide accurate information throughout this survey Sincerely yours! Interviewer: Nguyen Quynh Anh Class: K49 – Environmental Science and Management (Advanced Education Programs) Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry PART I GENERAL INFORMATION Name: Address: Age: Gender: Ethnicity:………………………………… Telephone number: Interview Time (DD/MM/YY): Please answer or mark "X" in appropriate answers for your opinions! PART II ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER’S IMPACT ON NUI PHAO MINING COMPANY TO LOCAL PEOPLE Question 1: Does the industrial zone's effluent have an effect on your crop? □ Absolutely yes □ It depends □ Sometimes □ Absolutely no Question 2: Does the industrial zone's effluent have an effect on your breeding? □ Absolutely yes □ It depends □ Sometimes □ Absolutely no Question 3: Is the industrial zone's wastewater harmful to your health? □ Yes □ □ No Question 4: When the industrial zone discharges into the environment, how are your farming activities? □ Normally □ Cannot continue to produce □ Reduces crop yields □ Others Question 5: When the industrial zone discharges into the environment, how are your breeding activities? □ Normally ◻ Cause disease for animals ◻ Reduced the growth of animals ◻ Others If you answer “Absolutely yes”, “It depends”, “Sometimes” or “Othes”, please write the reasons below? Informer (Signature and full name) APPENDIX II: Discharge point DP1 Discharge point DP2 Discharge point DP3 PTP PSRP OTC STC Take sample analysis in the fields