Study to assessment of wastewater in nui phao mining company limited ha thuong commune dai tu district thai nguyen province

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY DO HA TU ANH STUDY TO ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER IN NUI PHAO MINING COMPANY LIMITED, HA THUONG COMMUNE, DAI TU DISTRICT, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE BACHELOR THESIS Study mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Batch : 2014-2018 Thai Nguyen, 2018 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Do Ha Tu Anh Student ID DTN1453110006 Thesis Title Study to assessment of wastewater in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited, Ha Thuong commune, Dai Tu district, Thai Nguyen province Supervisor (s) Dr Hoang Hai Thanh Supervisor’s signature (s) Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess wastewater of Nui Phao Company in the 20172018 periods The main objectives were to assess the current status of wastewater in Nui Phao Mining Company and to propose some measurements to reduce water pollution as well as to reduce the discharge of wastewater into clean water sources At the company, a large amount of wastewater needs to be treated and discharged to the right place The influent that had been treated through biodigester had significantly decreased the water quality parameter such as biological oxygen demands (BOD), chemical oxygen demands (COD), ammoniac nitrogen (NH3-N) and total suspended solid (TSS) At present, the company has started to build a wastewater treatment system that can effectively treat wastewater and manage waste discharge After evaluating the situation in the factory, the essential solutions are proposed In terms of management, the company should apply strict management in waste treatment and discharged wastewater into the environment With technology solutions, the company has been selecting suitable advanced technology of wastewater treatment system Keywords: Wastewater, treatment, discharge, Nui Phao Mining, pollution Number of pages 44 Date of submission September 25th, 2018 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Hoang Hai Thanh and Mr Nguyen Van Bac who guided me during study at Nui Phao Company Their useful comments, remarks, encouragement and engagement through my learning process of this graduated thesis I sincerely thank to all lecturers who enthusiastically imparted useful knowledge on water treatment to all class attendants I would also like to thank my family and friends who have always been there for me and helped me throughout my learning and studying I also thank for supporting of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, the coordinators and program managers for their support and assistance I am taking this opportunity to express my gratitude to my classmates, who supported me throughout this course, by their aspiring guidance, invaluably constructive criticism and friendly advice I am sincerely grateful to them for sharing their truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues related to my thesis Finally, I would like to thank the participants in my survey, who have willing share their precious time during the process of interviewing I would like to thank my loved ones, who have supported me throughout entire process, both by keeping me harmonious and helping me putting pieces together Thank you all very much! Sincerely yours ii TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT II TABLE OF CONTENT III LIST OF FIGURES VI LIST OF TABLES VII LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS VIII PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale 1.2 Research’s objectives .2 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Limitations 1.5 Definitions PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Regulations of wastewater management 2.2 Scientific background .5 2.2.1 Related definitions 2.2.2 Water quality assessment 2.3 Empirical background 2.3.1 Water resources and water pollution in the world 2.3.2 Studies on water quality in Vietnam 11 2.4 Study review 13 2.4.1 The general information of Nui Phao Company 13 iii 2.4.2 The name of sources and locations of receiving wastewater from Nui Phao Company 13 2.4.3 The natural conditions of wastewater discharge area 14 2.5 Industrial wastewater 21 2.5.1 Inorganic industrial wastewater 21 2.5.2 Organic industrial wastewater .22 PART III METHODS 23 3.1 Object and scope of study .23 3.2 Location and time 23 3.3 Materials 23 3.4 Study content 23 3.4.1 Basic characteristics of Nui Phao Mining Company Limited .23 3.4.2 Assessment situation of wastewater quality in the industrial zone .23 3.4.3 Proposal of a number of solutions to reduce pollution and effects of wastewater to surrounding environment 24 3.5 Methods 24 3.5.1 Sampling site .24 3.5.2 Secondary data collection method .24 3.5.3 Water analysis .25 3.5.4 Data processing, analyzing, synthesizing and assessing data methods .25 PART IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION 26 4.1 General information about wastewater treatment system 26 4.1.1 The wastewater system in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited 26 iv 4.1.2 The situation of wastewater treatment of Nui Phao Mining Company Limited 28 4.2 Assessment of current situation of wastewater in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited 29 4.2.1 Current situation of wastewater in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited 29 4.2.2 Assessment of the impact of wastewater of Nui Phao Company to local people 35 4.3 Discussion .37 PART V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 41 5.1 Conclusion 41 5.2 Recommendation 41 5.2.1 Management solutions 41 5.3.2 Technological solutions .43 REFERENCES 45 APPENDICES .48 v LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: THE LOCATION OF NUI PHAO MINING AREA 15 FIGURE 2: STREAM SYSTEM IN DAI TU AREA 19 FIGURE 3: MAP OF DISCHARGE POINTS 28 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1: The coordinates of the discharge points of nui phao mining 14 Table 2: Average temperature, highest, lowest monthly in 2017 (ºC) 16 Table 3: The monthly average rainfall in 2017 17 Table 4: Current of wastewater collect, treatment 26 Table 5: Wastewater quality in the last months of 2017 at DP2 30 Table 6: Wastewater quality in the last months of 2017 at DP3 31 Table 7: Wastewater quality in the first months of 2018 at DP2 32 Table 8: Wastewater quality in the first months of 2018 at DP3 34 Table 9: Whe impact of wastewater in nui phao company to agriculture production and the health of people living around there 35 Table 10: The impact of wastewater in nui phao company to agriculture production and the health of people living around there 36 Table 11: Wastewater quality observation program is being implemented at nui phao mining 42 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand TDS : Total Dissolved Solids TSS : Total Suspended Solids BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand DO : Dissolved Oxygen NPM : Nui Phao Mining DP : Discharge point COND : Conductivity TSF-SP : Tailings Storage Facility-Sediment Pond WDSP : Waste Dump Sediment Pond EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment PSSP : Plant Site Sediment Pond STC : Sulfide Tailing Cell OTC : Oxide Tailing Cell NWD : North Waste Dump WWTP : Wastewater Treatment Plant viii PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale Similar to air and light, water is one of the indispensable resources in everyday human life In the process of forming life on Earth, water and environment play a very important role Water participates in almost the activities of life and production “Water is one of the most basic of all needs - we cannot live for more than a few days without it And yet, most people take water for granted We waste water needlessly and don't realize that clean water is a very limited resource More than billion people around the world have no access to safe, clean drinking water, and over 2.5 billion not have adequate sanitation service Over million people die each year because of unsafe water - and most of them are children.” ( Aurthur, R.A ) Nowadays, the development of science and technology has accelerated the pace of socio-economic development, creating a large mass of material goods to meet the increasing demands of the people However, the socioeconomic development, especially the rapid development of the industry in recent years has produced a large amount of waste water This is the direct cause of environmental pollution in general and the deterioration of water quality in particular, making clean water on the planet more and more scarce and exhausting In recent years, harmony with the development trend of humanity Vietnam is promoting the sustainable development of the country industry, the benefits that sustainable industrial development has brought which are evidence through economic, environmental, educational and social development However, along the positive results of industrial development, it also causes negative impacts on the environment of skin, eyes, respiratory, etc No one said that wastewater from the industrial zone did not impact to their health 4.3 Discussion Based on the study results, it can be discussed with some specific contents, which are focused on solve the problem of wastewater Firstly, the operation and implementation status of environmental protection in the Nui Phao Company is relatively good In addition, the company has introduced solutions to treat wastewater from the plant before discharging to the pond However, the company needs to have a more concentrated wastewater treatment system to avoid leakage into residential areas The collection has been carried out according to the law, but the route and collection time have not been specified Secondly, the wastewater situation of the company and surrounding areas are relatively complex and alarming Because wastewater affected local people health and their agricultural production levels by making crop yield reduction, causing disease for human and animals, and reducing the growth of livestock Therefore, the company has wastewater samples with medium levels of BOD5, COD, total Coliform, TSS, etc which help the company always inline with regulation of Viet Nam standard about wastewater quality in the 2017 – 2018 periods Finally, methods to minimize wastewater pollution are pointed out It is necessary to apply management and technology solutions together Authorities have to enhance regulations on water resources to the industrial zone Besides, it should be applied a clear mechanism for management of water resources and irrigation structures, to coordinate and manage the construction, approval of organizations and 37 individuals that are directly related to the exploitation and water resources In the coming years, the company has to operate and improve more centralized wastewater treatment system There are methods of wastewater treatment at Nui Phao Company: - Biological treatment: Site based waters that contain elevated Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels will require treatment via biological treatment to reduce the level to the requirements Only waters that require this treatment will be fed to this section of the WWTP - Conditioning reactor: Flows of water from Oxide tailing containment dam (OTC) and sulphide tailing containment dam (STC) to the conditioning reactor are measured by megnectic flow transmitters The conditioning reactor also receives water from the plant site runoff pond (PSRP) These are logged and recorded for routine reporting - Biological reactor: The purpose of the biological reactors is to reduce biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand through microbial conversion Critical to the operation of this reactor are the health of the microbial biomass and the continuous supply of oxygen The biological reactor is spilt into two separate equally sized sections which operate in parallel Each section is fed from its own penstocks and can be isolated if required for maintenance Before entering the biological reactor, the air passes through 5000 submerged and evenly spaced diffusers that produce small bubbles The small bubbles provide increased surface area for improved oxygen uptake in the reactor Routine visual observation of the surface of 38 the biological reactor by the operators enables faulty diffusers to be identified by irregular bubble patterns on the surface - Sedimentation thickener: Water is pumped from the biological reactor to reactor tank No1 where it is mixed with Poly aluminium chloride (PAC) to assist with particle flocculation prior to thickening Treated water from reactor tank No1 overflow to the sedimentation thickener, which is a conventional thickener to provide a clarified water stream and a densities solid stream Clarified water overflows from the thickener to metal precipitation reactor tank - Metals and Flouride removal: Water from the sedimentation thickener overflows to metal precipitation reactor tank No1 Here, this is combined and mixed with water from the Pit transfer pond (PTP) This additional flow is measured by magnetic flow transmitter Instantaneous and totalized flows are displayed on the local control system and on the main plant These are logger and recorded for routine reporting Average flow of PTP water is expected to be around 240 m3/h The additional flows will be managed so that the total combined flow does not exceed 1500 m3/h The mixed flow water enter a series of three treatment reactor The pH of the reactors is monitored and controlled to a pH of 9.5 are resulting in the manganese, fluorine and other metals precipitating into stable compounds The parameters are used to control the dose rate of lime to the respective locations within the reactor Water from the last fluorine removal reactor cascades via gravity to the WWTP sediment dam where the large residence time allow the small quantity of precipitated solids settle freely to the bottom of the dam Treated water overflow from WWTP sediment dam into the TSF-SP sediment pond for first stage water polishing The TSF sediment 39 pond may slowly accumulate solids that must be removed The sediment pond will be cleaned out as required during periodic shut downs of the wastewater treatment plant Solids removed during cleaning Will be dried and disposed of to an appropriate facility - Wetland polishing filter: Water overflow from the TSF-SP flow by gravity to the final step in the floating reed wetland polishing filter, these floating reed wetland polishing filter is limited to ensuring that the plants and organisms making up the wetland are healthy Water overflowing from the reed wetland polishing filter constitutes the final discharge from the wastewater treatment plant This water flow by gravity through discharge point to environmental The compliant water is sampled by an automated monitoring station at this overflow of the WWTP (Nguyen Van Bac, Nui Phao Company, 2017) 40 PART V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Conclusion With the title “Study to assessment of wastewater in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited, Ha Thuong commune, Dai Tu district, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam”, the study has shown both environmental protection work and situation of wastewater treatment not only in Nui Phao Company but also in other industrial zone Besides, with whole scene of pollution and its impacts, it is an alarm for not only the industrial zone but also local people and authorities in environmental protection It is urgency to prevent water pollution by thorough solutions Although the study has yielded some initial findings, some of its limitations still exist The findings from this study can be examined in a pilot process to check its compatibility A further research for this study can focus more on solutions to improve wastewater in the industrial zone, then to propose amendment and adjustment for the next step of implementation Invest more equipment for wastewater collection, storage and treatment to ensure environmental sanitation In conclusion, wastewater treatment from industrial zones is becoming more noticeable to improve the living environment and human's well-being 5.2 Recommendation 5.2.1 Management solutions  Building a system of wastewater collection, treatment and drainage in synchronization with the operation stages of the mine: The Nui Phao mining has started to operate recently, but basically the waste collection, treatment and drainage works have been relatively adequate Actual 41 operation shows that the construction items meet the need for collection, treatment and drainage of wastewater for the present and subsequent periods Wastewater collection and treatment systems will be considered for expansion and upgrading to ensure that wastewater is thoroughly collected, treated and met before being discharged into the water source  Carry out the program of monitoring the quality of wastewater, the quality of receiving water sources and underground water level: The monitoring and supervision of wastewater quality at Nui Phao Mining is carried out regularly and closely to timely assess the quality of waste water before discharging it Water quality and monitoring programs shall be implemented under the guidance of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, ensuring regulation with dense network and high frequency monitoring Specific information on the monitoring program is summarized in the table below: Table 11: Wastewater quality observation program is being implemented at Nui Phao Mining The number of The frequency Object monitoring Monitoring parameters of observation positions Wastewater 15 positions Every day pH, TSS, TDS, COD, DO Metal ions, TSS, pH, TDS, COD, Every month DO, total hardness, NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, SO42- 42  Minimize the possibility of forming acid flow: To minimize the formation of acid flow, Nui Phao Company has implemented the following measures: - Sulfur tailings wastes are discharged into the STC reservoir on the principle of maintaining a minimum 2m layer of water to prevent oxidation - The waste rock that has the ability to generate acid in the mining process is put into the discharge in the STC reservoir with the principle of submergence underwater with a depth of at least 2m - Monitoring of pH parameters in the pit, PTP reservoir, and STC reservoir, overflowing storm water reservoir to timely treat neutralized lime acid and precipitated heavy metals every day To prevent pollution of water sources in the area of tailings reservoirs: The company also regularly monitors the operation and stability of the dams, where contain tailings ore by monitoring systems including: water pressure monitoring equipment, tilt gauges track the horizontal movements of the dam, using sidewalls to measure the settlement of the dam construction material and mounting the survey beacon which is located at the top of dam to measure the motion of the crest when operating the building 5.3.2 Technological solutions - To renovate and expand the overflowing rain water collection system After that, increase the area of storm water runoff from 24,000 m² to 28,000 m² and storage capacity to increase sedimentation capacity when runoff overflows 43 - Maintain and improve the domestic wastewater treatment system to ensure the treatment efficiency according to the design of the system - Raise the reservoirs in the tailings reservoir area to ensure the storage and treatment of STC and OTC reservoirs (tailings dams will be raised to 10 m each in accordance with the phase diagram) - Reviewing, evaluating and upgrading the water balance model and the network of wastewater monitoring points - Construction of waste water treatment works shall be carried out in cases where the content of heavy metals in waste water exceeds the waste discharge norm 44 REFERENCES Advanced Chemical Systems (n.d) The Importance of pH in wastewater treatment Retrieved from http://advancedchemsys.com/importance-ph-wastewater- treatment/ Aurthur, R.A AZ Quotes Retrieved from: https://www.azquotes.com/quote/938134?ref=water-pollution Bac, N.V (2017) Coordinator Environment Monitoring at Nui Phao Mining Company Center for Educational Technologies (n.d) Water quality assessment: Physical: Temperature Retrieved from http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/waterq3/WQassess4h.html Exploring the Environment Water Quality Water Quality Assessment: Physical: Temperature Retrieved from http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/waterq3/WQassess4h.html Facts and Details (2012) Water pollution in China Retrieved from http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat10/sub66/item391.html Hanchang SHI (2013) Industrial Wastewater-types, Amounts and Effects Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0638/1fa6d4c2f91f1f1e32186ce2267246b76fb5.pdf Hellawell, J.M (1989) Chemical indicators of Freshwater pollution and Environmental management Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publisher, p 206-215 Huong, N.T.Q (2015) Wastewater status in Thai Nguyen city Retrieved from Assessment of Wastewater status in Thai Nguyen city in 2015 Khoa, L.V , Quynh, N.X and Viet, N.Q (2013) Environmental chemical indicators Hanoi: Educational Publishing House NORWECO (n.d) Tests on water and wastewater Retrieved from http://www.norweco.com/html/lab/WhatTests.htm Song, P.V (2013) Hanoi region for providing clean water and environmental sanitation Tan, H.V (2014) Status of water environment in Vietnam Retrieved from https://hethongxulynuocthaimivitech.wordpress.com/2014/08/02/hien-trang-moitruong-nuoc-o-viet-nam/amp/ (accessed on 02/08/2014) The Constructor Civil Engineering Home Characteristics of Water – Physical, Chemical and Biological Retrieved from: https://theconstructor.org/environmental-engg/characteristics-of-water-physicalchemical-biological/4735/ The Encyclopedia of earth (2013) Water resources Retrieved from: http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/157013/ The National Assembly of Vietnam (2014) Law on Environment Protection Hanoi The National Center for Science and Technology Information (2013) Environment Bulletin in October 2013 Hanoi Thien, L.V (2013) Lecture on environment pollution Hanoi: VNU University of Science USGS (n.d) Definition of Turbility Retrieved from http://water.usgs.gov/edu/turbidity.html VOV (2013) State of water pollution in Vietnam Retrieved from http://www.kccottellvietnam.com.vn/story/tinh-trang-o-nhiem-moi-truong-nuoc-tai-viet-nam WHO (2013) Basic epidemiology Retrieved from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43541/9/9241547073_vie.pdf APPENDICES APPENDIX I: SAMPLE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER’S IMPACT ON NUI PHAO MINING COMPANY TO LOCAL PEOPLE This survey questionnaire is part of real study of students in K46 -Environmental Science Management (Advanced Education Program) - Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Information that you provide will help students collect data and information for research: "Study to assessment of wastewater in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited, Ha Thuong commune, Dai Tu district, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam” With permission and supervision of Environmental Protection Agency and Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, I guarantee that the information done by students will not cause any effects to you We appreciate your enthusiasm in providing information in high accuracy during this survey Sincerely yours! Interviewer: Do Ha Tu Anh Class: K46 - Environmental Science and Management (Advanced Education Programs) Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry PART I GENERAL INFORMATION Name: Address: Age: Gender: Ethnicity:………………………………… Telephone number: Interview Time (DD/MM/YY): Please answer or mark "X" in appropriate answers for your opinions! PART II ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER’S IMPACT ON NUI PHAO MINING COMPANY TO LOCAL PEOPLE Question 1: Does wastewater of the industrial zone impact to your crop? Absolutely yes It depends Sometimes Absolutely no Question 2: Does wastewater of the industrial zone impact to your breeding? Absolutely yes It depends Sometimes Absolutely no Question 3: Does wastewater the industrial zone impact to your health? Yes No Question 4: How are your crop activities when the industrial zone discharges into the environment? Normally Cannot continue to produce Reduces crop yields Others Question 5: How are your breeding activities when the industrial zone discharges into the environment? Normally Cause disease for animals Reduced the growth of animals Others If you answer “Absolutely yes”, “It depends”, “Sometimes” or “Othes”, please write the reasons below? Informer (Signature and full name) APPENDIX II: Wastewater discharge point Wastewater discharge point ... scope of study - Study object: To assessment the current situation of wastewater treatment in Nui Phao Company - Study scope: Wastewater and treatment in Nui Phao Mining Company, Ha Thuong Commune, ... km² (Nui Phao Mining, 2018) 2.4.2 The name of sources and locations of receiving wastewater from Nui Phao Company The sources of receiving wastewater of Nui Phao Mining belonged to Nui Phao is... Company Limited 28 4.2 Assessment of current situation of wastewater in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited 29 4.2.1 Current situation of wastewater in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited