Assessment of solid waste management in nui phao mining company limited

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY LE THI LOAN ASSESSMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NUI PHAO MINING COMPANY LIMITED BACHELOR THESIS Study mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : 2014-2018 Type : On-the-Job Training (OJT) Thai Nguyen –10 /08/2018 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Le Thi Loan Student ID DTN1454290017 Thesis Title Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited Supervisor Assoc Prof Phan Dinh Binh Supervisor’s signature ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess the current solid waste management and suggested solutions for solid waste management in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited, Ha Thuong Commune, Dai Tu District, Thai Nguyen Province through the practice in the legislative group at Department of Environment in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited to provide appropriate solutions to improve current status of solid waste The main tasks of the Department of Environment include firstly is the legal document, receiving and implementing procedures related to environmental issues The second is consultants prepare legal documents, participate in dealing with issues environmental arising This is a good condition for assessing the status of solid waste management as the main purpose of this report Today, the amount of solid waste discharged into the environment is increasing i due to industrialization - modernization Consequently, people's awareness about the reduction of solid waste into the environment is increasing because of its harmful effect on the environment as well as human health Keywords : Number of pages: Date of Submission: Solid Waste, Treatment, Method, Quality Management 49 10/08/2018 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT After practicing at the Environment Division of Nui Phao Mining Company Limited, I have applied the knowledge learned in the field and have learned much experience for myself in my later career In order to successfully complete the internship, I would like to express my gratitude to the teachers in the Faculty of Environmental Science and Management for teaching and imparting knowledge and skills to a stable and confident student during the internship I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc Prof Phan Dinh Binh for his invaluable useful comments, remarks, encouragement and engagement through the learning process of this graduated thesis I also thank the support of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, the coordinators and program managers for their support and assistance I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to my classmates, who supported me throughout this course, by their aspiring guidance, invaluable constructive criticism, and friendly advice I am sincerely grateful to them for sharing their truthful on a number of issues related to my thesis I also would like to express my sincere thanks to Mr Tran Van Tuan (Environment Manager), Mr Nguyen Tuan Binh (Deputy Environment Superintendent), Mr Tran Huu Hung (Environment Compliance - Acting Coordinator) and his colleagues in the Environmental Division has helped to create favorable conditions for me to complete my internship Due to the limited knowledge, the practical experience is not much, so my report still has many shortcomings and limitations So I hope the teachers in the faculty and the colleagues in the training organization contribute ideas to complete my report Thank you all very much! Sincerely yours, Loan Le Thi Loan iii TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Content of work 1.4 General information about Nui Phao Company 1.4.1 Introduction of Company 1.4.2 Introduction about my supervisor 1.5 Activities 1.6 Timeline CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 International literature review 2.1.1 Situation of solid waste in the world 2.1.2 Situation of solid waste management some countries in the world 2.2 National literature review 10 2.2.1 Situation of solid waste management in Viet Nam 10 2.2.2 Situation of solid waste management in Thai Nguyen 14 CHAPTER III: ASSESSMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NUI PHAO MINING 17 3.1 Object and scope of the study 17 3.1.1 Object of the study 17 3.1.2 Scope of the study 17 3.2 Location and time conduct 17 3.2.1 Location 17 3.2.2 Time 17 3.3 Research contents 17 iv 3.3.1 The origin of solid waste 17 3.3.2 Classification and volume of solid waste 19 3.3.3 The status of solid waste management at the Nui Phao Company 25 3.4 Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited 29 3.4.1 Classification and collection of waste 29 3.4.2 Process waste 29 3.4.3 Solid waste management 30 3.5 Some models and methods of treatment and reduction of solid waste is applied at the Nui Phao Company 30 3.5.1 3RVE model 30 3.5.2 Incineration method 30 3.6 Research methodology 31 3.6.1 Fieldwork methods 31 3.6.2 Method of secondary data collection 31 3.6.3 Expert methods 32 3.6.4 Synthesis method, comparative 32 CHAPTER IV:DISCUSSION AND LESSON LEARNDED 33 4.1 Discussion 33 4.1.1 Waste treatment solutions in the world 33 4.1.2 Waste treatment solutions in Vietnam 39 4.1.3 Waste treatment solutions in Nui Phao Company 44 4.2 Lesson learned 45 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION 47 REFERENCES 48 APPENDICES 50 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Total Recycling in 2018 in the world Figure 2.2: Waste composition in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in 2003 11 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Statistics of conventional waste 23 Table 3.2: Statistics on hazardous wastes .23 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations Meaning GDP Gross Domestic Product OTC Oxide Tailings Cell STC Sulphide Tailings Cell TSF Tailings Storage Facilities VEM Vietnam Environmental Monitor W tungsten-trioxide viii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale Environment is one of the fundamental characteristics of the times, a global issue Therefore, environmental pollution is the most serious challenge to the future sustainable development of the community One of the basic views of the Party and State of Vietnam in the period of impetus industrialization and modernization is to link economic growth with social progress and environmental protection and sustainable development In order to develop the sustainable environment, the problem of solid waste management is urgent because this is one of the main reason of pollution of the living environment, the degradation of water resources and the cause of the epidemic spread, affect the lifestyle and quality of life of people In recent years, together with the development of the whole country, mining activities have contributed greatly to the cause of national renewal The mining industry has been increasingly playing an important role in Vietnam's economy Over the years, mining activity has contributed to 5.6% of GDP However, we are also facing many environmental problems In the process of exploitation mineral interests, people have changed the environment The main factor affecting the environment is the mining of mines, disposable fields, toxic gases, dust and wastewater which disrupts the ecological balance, which has been formed for tens of millions of years, causing heavy pollution to the environment and a critical social and political problem of the community 4.1.1.3 Garbage recycling methods For years, this Nordic country has risen to become the world leader in recycling, reusing waste at a high rate Up to 96% of the waste will be recycled, only 4% will be buried 20.8% of total annual waste is recycled by Japan, especially polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles PET is a popular material for the production of drinking water bottles in vending machines and grocery stores across Japan Many Japanese companies are increasingly using plastic from old PET bottles for new production PET bottles that have not undergone filtering can be converted into clothing fibers, bags, carpets and raincoats • The advantages of solution (www.conserve-energy-future.com) - Protects the environment: The great benefit of recycling waste material is that it plays a big part in protecting Mother Nature in the most balanced way While many trees are cut down every day, recycled paper manufactured from specific trees is continually utilized to reduce deforestation This example demonstrates that other natural resources can be recycled and made useful this way to protect the environment (www.conserve-energyfuture.com) - Recycling reduces pollution: All forms of pollution in the modern world come from industrial waste Recycling of these industrial wastes such as plastics, cans, and chemicals go towards considerably cutting back on levels of pollution because these waste products are 37 reused rather than just being thrown away recklessly (www.conserve-energyfuture.com) - Conserves natural resources: If the process of recycling used, it means new products will not be manufactured by extraction of fresh raw materials underneath the earth through the process of mining and extraction Recycling is a way of conserving existing raw materials and protecting them for future use Taking steps to conserve natural resources like minerals, water and wood need to use sustainable and optimal use (www.conserveenergy-future.com) - Recycling reduces amount of waste in landfill sites: Recycling old and used materials into reusable products enormously reduces the possibility of jamming of landfill sites This is beneficial because it helps minimize land and water pollution since landfills contributes mightily to environmental degradation (www.conserve-energy-future.com) - Reduces energy consumption: A lot of energy is used to process materials in the course of manufacture Recycling plays an important role in reducing energy consumption, which is vital for large-scale production, for instance, mining and refining Recycling also renders the whole process of production less expensive, which is a great success for manufacturers (www.conserve-energy-future.com) 38 • The disadvantages of solution (www.conserve-energy-future.com) - High upfront capital costs: Recycling is not always cost-effective Building up a new waste recycling unit accounting a lot of capital The accompanying costs include buying different kinds of benefit vehicles, upgrading the recycling unit, waste, chemical and teaching the locals by initiating useful programs and seminars (www.conserve-energy-future.com) - Recycling sites are always unhygienic, unsafe and unsightly: Go to any waste recycling site, and you will almost always upon dirty, unhealthy and ugly conditions A location where every waste is piled provides a nice site for the formation of debris and spread of infectious diseases The harmful chemicals from these wastes can also be dangerous Also, if such waste products come into contact with water, results in the formation of leachate that ends up polluting water bodies, not to mention drinking water - Products from recycled waste may not able to withstand damage: The quality of products manufactured from recycled waste may not equal regarding quality These kinds of products are almost always made of trashed waste material collected from other waste materials that have been overly utilized and easily broken This makes products of recycled waste less durable and low priced 4.1.2 Waste treatment solutions in Vietnam Currently, in developing countries including our country, solid waste treatment methods are applied as follows: For daily-life solid waste, a large proportion of organic matter is used to produce organic fertilizer However, due to the process of sorting garbage is not synchronized 39 so only a part of domestic waste is bio-composted, the rest still buried in the landfill concentration Biodegradable, flammable materials such as waste paper, rags, plastic, rubber cannot be recycled, the method of burning to reduce the volume Construction waste and non-flammable components such as shells, stone bricks, porcelains to be leveled or buried directly at burial sites 4.1.2.1 Incineration method At present, in Vietnam, treatment of solid hazardous waste is mainly by smallscale incinerators equipped for each hospital However, large hospitals at the central level under the Ministry of Health have good collection, classification, transportation and treatment of medical waste The provincial and district hospitals, the treatment of medical waste depends much on the economic conditions of each province The number of district hospitals is very low Therefore, medical waste is usually burned by hand-burners or buried in hospital land At present, industrial zones with investment in hazardous waste treatment areas are not concentrated Hazardous solid wastes are often dealt with by the enterprise with the company or unit having the function of being licensed to transport and treat hazardous solid waste In Vietnam, urban environmental companies (URENCO) are still the leading companies in the treatment of hazardous waste The company designs, manufactures and manufactures large-capacity solid waste incinerators located in a number of locations, catering for the needs of the surrounding area *The advantages of solution (Van Huu Tap, 2016) - Ability to utilize heat for boilers, heaters or industrial furnaces and generators 40 - Solid waste can be treated without much land used as landfill - Thorough treatment of pollutants, minimizing volume - Wastes are transformed into valuable intermediates that can be used to turn into recycled materials or to recycle energy - Removal of many toxic substances *The disadvantages of solution (Van Huu Tap, 2016) - High investment and maintenance costs compared to other methods; - When operation requires high calorific value - Secondary environmental impact of gaseous emissions and treatment of ashes after combustion; - It may be difficult to change the composition of the waste 4.1.2.2 Method of landfill (Van Huu Tap, 2016) In the north, the Nam Son waste disposal site (Soc Son, Hanoi) is the largest landfill, responsible for treating garbage in the whole city of Hanoi Each day the Nam Son landfill receives about 3,000 tons of waste and can increase to 4,000 tons per day in the next two years At present, Nam Son beach has filled up 6/9 burial compartments In Ho Chi Minh City, about 6,000 tons of rubbish is brought to landfills every day However, due to the land fund and topography, there are many landfills in Ho Chi Minh City for the solid waste treatment of the city In addition to the large cities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, there are largescale sanitary landfills, which are organized in other provinces and cities, although there are also the waste dump site is also very difficult to operate 41 *The advantages of solution - Simple compared to other technologies - Low investment and operating costs *The disadvantages of solution - It occupies a lot of land - Hard to control leaked water - Air pollution, foul odor around the burial site 4.1.2.3 Bio-composting In Vietnam, Cau Dien Waste Processing Plant under the Hanoi Urban Environmental One-Member Limited Liability Company (URENCO) is one of the leading Vietnamese companies in the field of biodegradable waste organic waste for processing compost In addition, in the North there is a waste processing plant in Viet Tri, now renamed and developed into one-member limited liability Company processing and processing Phu Tho also has long experience in the field of biogas *The advantages of solution - Less sensitive to weather conditions - The ability to control the tempering process and better smell control - The incubation time is shorter than the annealing method - Demand area is smaller than other methods - Better stool quality *The disadvantages of solution - High investment 42 - High system operation and maintenance costs - Design is complex and requires high level - Workers require high levels of performance 4.1.2.4 Solid waste recycling methods (Van Huu Tap, 2016) Plastic recycling is also a potential industry in our country Currently, Vietnam has more than 2,200 enterprises producing plastic products, about 80-90% of the raw materials are imported while the growth rate of this industry is from 15 to 20% per year However, plastic recycling at the industrial scale has not really grown Plastic recycling facilities are mainly household scale, concentrated in craft villages with backward technology, causing serious environmental pollution such as Dong Mau trade village, Yen Dong commune Yen Lac district, Vinh Phuc province The village has more than 40 plastic recycling facilities and dozens of households collect plastic waste for recycling facilities Each month, the village recycles about 150-200 tons of plastic *The advantages of solution (vnexpress.net, 2012) - Reduce land area buried - Reduce human dependence on the exploitation and use of endangered natural resources - Helping us to recover materials such as plastic, paper, metal , avoid waste of resources and prevent pollution - Create jobs and improve incomes dramatically for local people *The disadvantages of solution - High upfront capital costs 43 - Products from recycled waste may not be durable 4.1.3 Waste treatment solutions in Nui Phao Company During the time of conducting a survey to find out about the waste management in the company, the following results were obtained: Nui Phao Mining Company Limited is one of the biggest mining and processing companies in Thai Nguyen, as well as in Viet Nam Since Nui Phao is a relatively large mineral deposit, this is the main cause of solid waste from mining and processing activities In addition, the company creates jobs for hundreds of workers, so the amount of waste produced is also very large Solid waste management in particular, the company's environmental management in general is very important to the company Successful management of any resources requires accurate knowledge of the resource available, the uses to which it may be put, the competing demands for the resource, measures to and processes to evaluate the significance and worth of competing demands and mechanisms to translate policy decisions into actions on the ground 4.1.3.1 Solid waste recycling methods In the Nui Phao Company, the company applies this model to a number of processes such as non-acid generating waste rock will initially be used to construct surface haul roads to the mill site and tailing facility After construction of the haulroad network, excess broken non-acid generating waste and saprolite material will be used in construction of a starter tailings facility Once complete, this waste will be placed at the downstream face of the dam Potential acid generating material will be placed on the upstream face of the dam Organic overburdens and soils are to be 44 stockpiled separately, initiated for agriculture use while mining and for ongoing progressive rehabilitation programs Recycle of the highly sensitive sulphide tails effluent, minimising the volume of acid generating material, isolation of acid generating from stable material in the event drastic proactive measures will be required, and rendering acid generating tails nonacid generating through thickened and paste tailings deposition In Nui Phao Company, Recycled wastes are collected and transferred to waste collection and recycling establishments The Company has signed a contract with Minh Hung Investment and Trading Co., Ltd and Long Nhat Trading Development Investment Co., Ltd., which is the company's waste collection and recycling unit Recycled products include aluminum, iron *The advantages of solution - Save on road construction costs - Recover part of the capital - Minimize the amount of waste to the environment 4.2 Lesson learned During the internship at the Environment Division of Nui Phao Mining Company Limited, I have gained many experiences and lessons for myself In that, I was involved with people who works in the Department of Environment go fieldwork, go to the plants, waste disposal sites to monitor and solve environmental problems They are very open, enthusiastic to answer my questions, from which I learned a lot about communication skills, handling situations in the work 45 Throughout the internship, I have been able to apply my knowledge in the field and gain a better understanding of the practical experience In particular, I learned the style of working in the office, I no longer lack the confidence, timidity as before, instead is the openness, improve my ability to communicate and give opinions in front of the crowd, responsible living with myself and the more I love and respect major in Environmental Science and Management Learn how to plan, work science and apply what was learned in the work assigned at the place of practice Lessons outside the curriculum, beyond what I have thought, have helped me to be more mature in recognizing, reviewing and solving problems Being able to work in a real environment, being given the opportunity to apply the knowledge I have learned to the job I have seen my own vulnerabilities to be able to continue to improve At the same time, with the help of the experienced trainees, I have had lessons to avoid mistakes in the actual work in the future 46 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION In the context of urbanization and increased population explosion, garbage has become an increasingly serious environmental problem in the world The development of effective solid waste management models is essential now Good management of waste will help control its harmful effects on the environment in our country The country will not be able to sustainably develop without further protection of habitat In addition, environmental protection is the responsibility of the whole society, each individual must be aware of the responsibility and jointly protect the environment, can create positive changes and improve efficiency in the workplace environmental protection in general and the management of waste in particular, step by step prevention of environmental pollution The management of solid waste as well as hazardous waste in mining and processing of mountainous mines is highly appreciated With the supervision and management of the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Thai Nguyen province, Nui Phao has policies to promote the management of this issue in the area of the company in the hope of reducing the impact of the substance solid waste on the environment 47 REFERENCES I Vietnamese References Assoc Dang Kim Chi - Association for the Protection of Nature and Environment of Vietnam (2018) Situation of solid waste management in rural areas, towns, district towns, communes and other forms of collection Transfer of waste in accordance with the living conditions of Vietnam Decree No 59/2007 / ND-CP of the Government on Solid Waste Management Nguyen Chinh (2012) Status of Solid Waste in Viet Nam Nguyen Thi Loan (1999) Solid Waste Recovery and Recycling in Hanoi, Vietnam and Its Social Impacts Pham Thi Thuy (2015) Assessment of patterns and solutions for Solid Waste Management in Phu Yen, Phan Me Commune, Phu Luong District, Thai Nguyen Province The Nui Phao Mining Joint Venture Company LTD (Revised according to the conclusion of the Appraisal Council Meeting on Dec 26th, 2004 and the letter No 66TD dated on Jan 19th, 2005 of the Appraisal Department) Environmental Impact Assessment Report The Nui Phao Mining Joint Venture Company LTD (Revised according to the letter No 5209/BTNMT-TĐ dated on 31/12/2007) Environmental Impact Assessment Report Update The Nui Phao Mining Joint Venture Company LTD (From January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017) 2017 Hazardous Waste Management Report final Thu Huong (2014) Solid Waste Treatment in Thai Nguyen to 2015 Van Huu Tap (2016) Methods of solid waste treatment II Internets References Department of Environment website (2013) Situation of solid waste management in urban areas in Vietnam and solutions 48 Embassy of Denmark, Vietnam (2013) Vietnam - Waste Management National Environment Conference IV, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Hanoi (2015) Situation of solid waste management in Vietnam Suggest solutions to improve the efficiency of solid waste management The World Bank (2018) Solid Waste Management Urban Development Sector Unit East Asia and Pacific Region (1999) What a Waste: Solid Waste Management in Asia III English References Bernache-Perez, G., S Sánchez-Colón, A.M Garmendia, A Dávila-Villarreal, and M.E Sánchez-Salazar (2001) Solid waste characterization study in Guadalajara Metropolitan Zone, Mexico Waste Management & Research Binner, E (2002) The impact of mechanical-biological pretreatment on the landfill behaviour of solid wastes CalRecovery, Inc (2005) Solid waste management Report to Division of Technology, Industry, and Economics, International Environmental Technology Centre, UNEP, Japan Cointreau, S (2001) Declaration of principles for sustainable and integrated solid waste management, World Bank, Washington, D.C Kawempe Division, Study in Bwaise II Parish, Final Report (2011) Solid Waste Management 49 APPENDICES Figure 1: Hazardous waste containers include: yellow mobile containers, barrels and container Figure 2: Normal waste containers Figure 3: OTC and STC reservoirs Figure 4: Recycled wastes Figure 5: Safety class