VietJack com Facebook Học Cùng VietJack DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ ( GERUND AND INFINITIVE) A LÝ THUYẾT I GERUND ( DANH ĐỘNG TỪ) 1 Chức năng Là chủ ngữ của câu Dancing bored him Bổ ngữ của độn[.]
VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack DANH ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ ( GERUND AND INFINITIVE) A LÝ THUYẾT I GERUND ( DANH ĐỘNG TỪ) 1.Chức năng: Là chủ ngữ câu: Dancing bored him Bổ ngữ động từ: Her hobby is painting Là bổ ngữ: Seeing is believing Sau giới từ: He is interested in watching films on Tv Sau vài động từ: avoid, mind, enjoy……… Một số cách dùng đặc biệt: A Verb + V-ing: Danh động từ theo sau số động từ: Admit: thú nhận Finish Prevent Anticipate: trông mong, mong đợi Forgive: tha thứ Propose (= suggest) Avoid: tránh Like: thích Quit: từ bỏ Love: yêu thích Recollect: nhớ lại Imagine: tưởng tượng Resent: căm thù Delay: hỗn lại Involve: dính líu, liên quan Recall: gợi nhớ/ recollect Defer: trì hỗn Keep: giữ, tiếp Resume: cho Deny: từ chối Mind: phiền Detest: ghét Miss: lỡ, nhớ Resist : kháng cự, ngăn cản Dislike: khơng thích Mention: đề cập Dread: sợ Pardon: tha thứ, tha lỗi Appreciate: tán thành Consider: xem xét Enjoy: thích thú Prefer Escape: trốn Prevent: ngăn ngừa Excuse: thứ lỗi Postpone: hỗn lại Risk : mạo hiểm Remember/ forget Suggest: gợi ý Stop/ begin/ start Understand: hiểu Fancy: đam mê Discuss: thảo luận Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack Practice: thực hành Hate: ghét Ex: He admitted taking the money Avoid over-eating He detests writing letters He didn’t want to risk getting wet I can’t understand his/ him leaving his wife Chú ý: excuse, forgive, pardon, prevent không trực sau danh động từ mà theo sau bởi: Possessive adjective/ pronoun + danh động từ pronoun + preposition + danh động từ Appreciate thường theo sau tính từ sở hữu danh động từ dạng bị động Ex: Forgive my/ me ringing you up so early Forgive me for ringing you up so early You can’t prevent his/ him spending his own money You can’t prevent him from spending his own money I appreciate your giving me o much of your time./ I appreciate being given this opportunity b common phrasal verbs + V-ing: (sau số cụm động từ) carry on, end up, give up, go round, keep on, put off, set about… c Expression + V-ing: Một số thành ngữ theo sau V-ing – have fun/ a good time + V-ing : vui vẻ … – have trouble/ difficulty + V-ing: – have a hard time/ difficult time + V-ing – spend + time/ money + V-ing (present participle) He spends hours studying English every day – waste + time/money + V-ing : – sit + Danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing : she sat at her desk writing a letter – stand + danh từ nơi chốn + V-ing – lie + danh từ nơi chốn + Ving Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack – can’t help = can’t bear = can’t stand = can’t resist (không thể chịu được) I can’t bear hearing his lies I can’t stand seeing him here – it is no good / it is no use (vơ ích / khơng có ích) : It’s no use phoning him at this time – there’s no point in … – What’s the point of… – to be busy bận rộn My mother is busy cooking in the kitchen – to be worth đáng This book is worth reading – be use to = get used to = be accustomed to : quen với – S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing: thích làm làm = S + would rather Vinf than Vinf d go + gerund để hoạt động đặc biệt đó: (Present participle) – go fishing câu cá go hunting go bowling go jogging – go shopping mua sắm go camping go sightseeing go sailing – go swimming bơi go dancing go running … – go hiking dã ngoại go birdwatching go boating go canoening – go mountain climbing * Cụm giới từ theo sau bới V-ing: * Preposition +gerund (giới từ +gerund): Be interested in (thích thú) think about (nghĩ về) apologize for (xin lỗi về) Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack Insist on (khăng khăng về) talk about (nói về) instead of (thay vì) Be accustomed to look forward to ( mong đợi ) be / get used to quen /thích nghi với be familiar with The perfect gerund: Form: having Vpp The perfect gerund sử dụng thay the present form of gerund (V-ing) đề cập tới hành động hoàn tất khứ: Ex: He was accused of having stolen her money He denied having been there II TO INFINITIVES 1.Chức năng: – Làm chủ ngữ câu: (cùng với động từ: appear, seem, be) Ex: To save money now seems impossible = It seems impossible to save money (more usual) – Làm bổ ngữ động từ (be): Ex: His plan is to keep the affair secret. – Làm tân ngữ động từ: Ex: He wants to play – Chỉ mục đích: He learns English to sing English songs. Một số cách dung đặc biệt Dùng 1: V + TO INFINITIVE : Một số động từ theo sau là to infinitive 1.agree: đồng ý 2.aim: nhằm mục đích appear: có vẻ 4.arrange: xếp Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack 5.ask: yêu cầu 6.attempt: cố gắng 7.bother: phiền 8.care: để ý 9.choose: chọn 10.claim: công bố 11.decide: định 12.demand: yêu cầu 13.determine: định đoạt 14.fail: thất bại 15.guarantee: bảo đảm 16.happen: xảy 17 hesitate: dự 18.hope: hy vọng 19.learn: học 20.manage: xoay xở 21.neglect: lơ đãng 22.offer: đề nghị 23.plan: có kế hoạch 24.prepare:chuẩn bị 25.pretend: giả vờ 26 proceed: tiếp nối 27.promise: 28.prove: chứng tỏ 29.refuse: từ chối 30.resolve: quyết Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack 31.seem: 32.swear: thề 33.tend: có xu hướng 34.threaten: dọa 35.volunteer: tình nguyện 36.vow: dụ dỗ 37.wish 38.want 39.need 40.wait 41 expect 42 intend 43 would like/ would love 44 beg 45 begin/ start 46 afford : đủ khả năng 47 be willing 48 be able 49 expect 50 intend 51.beg: cầu khẩn 52 prefer Dùng 2: V + O + TO INFINITIVE – Danh từ/ đại từ làm tân ngữ (objects) sau, đến “to infinitive” Ví dụ: – She advised me to go to the English Club * Một số động từ thường gặp: Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack + advise : khuyên + allow: cho phép + ask: yêu cầu. + cause: gây + command : yêu cầu, lệnh + encourage: khuyến khích + expect: mong chờ. + forbid: cấm + force : buộc + instruct: chỉ dẫn + invite: mời + oblige: bắt buộc + need: cần – We need you to help us + teach: dạy – My brother taught me to swim + tell: bảo. + want: muốn + warn : cảnh báo + remind: nhắc nhở + order: yêu cầu, lệnh + persuade : thuyết phục + request: yêu cầu + show : + train : đào tạo, huấn luyện + instruct: dẫn + permit: cho phép + remind: nhắc nhở * NOTES : + allow / permit / advise/ recommend/ encourage + object + to infinitive Ex: She doesn’t allow me to smoke in her room + allow/ permit/ recommend/ encourage/ advise + gerund Ex: She doesn’t allow smoking in her room Dạng 3: V + TO INFINITIVE/ GERUND (một số động từ theo sau to infinitive and gerund) Nhóm 1: V + to Infinitive / Gerund ( không khác nghĩa ) – begin bắt đầu – prefer thích hơn – can’t stand – start bắt đầu – hate ghét – can’t bear – continue tiếp tục – loveyêu thích – intend – like thích – bother làm phiền Các động từ theo sau to Infinitive Gerund mà ý nghĩa hÇu nh khơng đổi Ví dụ: – He began to laugh = He began laughing Chú ý : a) Không nên dùng: It’s beginning raining Nên nói: It is begining to rain Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack b) Động từ nguyên mẫu thường mang ý nghĩa mục đích, dự tính tương lai, danh động từ mang ý nghĩa kinh nghiệm sẵn có Cách sử dụng chúng đơi tinh tế sau: Ví dụ – I like to meet the public (Tơi thích gặp cơng chúng – Tôi thấy nên gặp, cần gặp → dự định) – I like meeting the public (Tơi thích gặp cơng chúng Tôi thấy vui gặp làm thế) Nhóm 2: V + infinitive / Gerund ( khác nghĩa) remember, forget, regret, try, stop, need , go on a NEED Need to do = it is necessary to do :cần phải làm ( động từ nguyên mẫu mang nghĩa chủ động) Need doing = need to be done : cần phải làm ( động từ nguyên mẫu mang nghĩa bị động) Tom needs to work (It is necessary for Tom to work harder.) The grass in front of the house needs cutting (The grass in front of the house needs to be cut.) b STOP Stop to do = stop in order to do : dừng lại để làm việc khác Stop doing = not to something any longer : dừng làm việc (đang làm) They stopped to look at the pictures They stopped smoking because it is bad for their health c REGRET/ REMEMBER/ FORGET: Remember/forget/regret + to V: nhớ/quên/tiếc phải làm (ở tương lai) * Remember to send this letter (hãy nhớ gửi thư này) Don’t forget to buy flowers (đừng quên mua hoa đấy) * I regret to inform you that the train was canceled (tôi tiếc phải báo tin cho anh chuyến tầu bị hủy bỏ) Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nhớ/quên/tiếc làm (ở khứ) I paid her $2 I still remember that I still remember paying her $2 (tôi nhớ trả cô đô la) Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack She will never forget meeting the Queen (cơ khơng qn lần gặp nữ hồng) He regrets leaving school early It is the biggest mistake in his life d.TRY Try to do:cố gắng làm Try doing:thử lµm She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college of pharmacy I’ve got a terrible headache I try taking some aspirins but they didn’t help e GO ON: Go on doing s.th : tiếp tục làm việc Go on to s.th : làm hay nói việc khác The Minister went on talking for two hours We must change our ways We can’t go on living like this After discussing the economy, the Minister went on to talk about foreign policy f MEAN Mean + to V = intend to V: dự định làm Mean + V-ing = involve: bao gồm, bao hàm, có nghĩa B To infinitive sau số tính từ: Trong cấu trúc sau: IT + BE + ADJECTIVE + TO INFINITIVE Ví dụ: – It’s difficult to find their house Thật khó tìm nhà họ – It’s dangerous to drive fast Lái xe nhanh nguy hiểm – It’s important to learn English Học tiếng Anh quan trọng Có hai dạng tương đương sau: = To infinitive + be + Adjective Gerund Ví dụ: – It’s exciting to play football Chơi bóng đá thật thú vị = to play football is exciting = playing football is exciting To infinitive sau số tính từ: Able, unable, happy, delighted (vui vẻ), easy, lovely, glad, sorry, eager (háo hức), amazed (ngạc nhiên), pleased (hài lòng), disappointed, surprised, willing (sẵn lòng), certain (chắc chắn) Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack Trong cấu trúc: * S + be/ get/ look/ seem/ become…+ too + Adj +(for O) + to infi S + V (thường) + too + Adv +(for O) + to infi Ex: The water in this glass is too hot to drink This coffee is too hot for me to drink He runs too slowly to catch the bus *S + be + Adj + enough (for O) + to infi S + V (thường) + Adv + enough (for O) + to infi Ex: He is old enough to get married He’s intelligent enough to get good marks They speak slowly enough to understand * so + adjective + as + infinitive Ex: He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked *It + cost/ take + O + to infinitive… Ex: It would cost millions/ take years to rebuild the castle C Sau số từ để hỏi: Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + infinitive Những động từ sử dụng công thức là ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show + object, think, understand, want to know, wonder Ex : He discovered how to open the safe I found out where to buy fruit cheaply She couldn’t think what to say I showed her which button to press She wondered whether to write or phone D Chỉ mục đích: Ex: He tried to study hard in order to / so as to/ to pass every exam E Noun + to infinitive ( replace a relative clause) Ex: I have many things which I must do/ to She is always the last to go/ who goes F S + V + Đại từ bất định + To V (anywhere, anybody, anything, somebody, something, somewhere, nobody, nothing, nowhere, everything, everybody, everywhere) Ex: Is there anywhere to go? He has got nothing to eat Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack G Sau số cụm từ sau: be about :định, be able : one’s best : cố gắng make an/ every effort: nỗ lực make up one’s mind: định can’t afford Ex: He is just about to leave We can’t afford to live in the centre H Thay cho mệnh đề quan hệ: – Động từ nguyên thể sử dụng sau the first, the second…, the last, the only và sau so sánh Ex: He loves parties; he is always the first who comes and the last who leaves = He loves parties; he is always the first to come and the last to leave He is the second one to be killed in this way The perfect infinitive: + Form: to have + Vpp + Use: – Dùng với was/ were để diễn tả kế hoạch chưa thực Ex: The house was to have been ready today (but it isn’t) – Dùng sau would/ would like để diễn tả điều ước chưa hoàn thiện Ex: He would like to have seen it (but it was impossible) – Dùng với số động từ: appear, happen, pretend, seem, believe, consider, find, know, report, say, suppose, think, understand… B BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG Exercise Give the correct form of the word in brackets They are used to (prepare) _ new lessons By (work) _ day and night , he succeeded in ( finish) _ the job in time His doctor advised him (give) _up (smoke) _ Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack Please stop (talk) _ We will stop (eat) _lunch in ten minutes Stop (argue) _and start (work) _ I like (think) _carefully about things before (make) _decision Ask him (come) _in Don't keep him (stand) _at the door Did you succeed in (solve) _the problem? Don’t forget (lock) _ the door before (go) _ to bed 10 Don’t try (persuade) _ me Nothing can make me (change) _ my mind Exercise 2: Chia động từ ngoặc sau thành dạng To V V-ing Nam suggested (talk) the children to school yesterday They decided _ (play) tennis with us last night Mary helped me (repair) this fan and _ (clean) the house We offer (make) a plan We required them (be) on time Kim wouldn’t recommend him _ (go) here alone Before (go) to bed, my mother turned off the lights Minh is interested in (listen) to music before _ (go) to bed This robber admitted (steal) the red mobile phone last week 10 Shyn spends a lot of money (repair) her car 11 It took me hours _ (buy) the clothes and shoes 12 Do you have any money (pay) for the hat? 13 Would you like (visit) my grandparents in Paris? 14 Don’t waste her time _(complain) about her salary 15 That questions need _ (reply) 16 Viet is used to (cry) when he faces his difficulties 17 It’s time they stopped (work) here 18 Will she remember _ (collect) his suit from the dry – cleaners or shall I it? 19 Jim forgot (send) this message last night 20 Hung stopped (eat) meat yesterday Đáp án Exercise Give the correct form of the word in brackets - preparing Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack - working – finishing - to give up – smoking - talking – to eat - arguing – to work - to think – making - to come – standing - solving - to lock – going 10 - to persuade Exercise 2: Nam suggested talking (talk) the children to school yesterday (cấu trúc Suggest + Ving) They decided _to play (play) tennis with us last night (cấu trúc Decide + to Vinf) Mary helped me repair (repair) this fan and clean _ (clean) the house (cấu trúc Help + sb + Vinf) We offer to make (make) a plan (cấu trúc Offer + to Vinf) We required them _to be _ (be) on time (cấu trúc Require + sb + to Vinf) Kim wouldn’t recommend him to go _ (go) here alone (cấu trúc Recommend + sb + to Vinf) Before going (go) to bed, my mother turned off the lights (cấu trúc Before + Ving) Minh is interested in listening (listen) to music before _going (go) to bed (cấu trúc “giới từ” + Ving) This robber admitted stealing (steal) the red mobile phone last week (cấu trúc Admit + Ving) 10 Shyn spends a lot of money repairing (repair) her car (cấu trúc S + spend + time/money + Ving…) 11 It took me hours to buy _ (buy) the clothes and shoes (cấu trúc It takes + sb + time/money + to Vinf…) 12 Do you have any money to pay (pay) for the hat? (cấu trúc Have + to Vinf) Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack 13 Would you like to visit (visit) my grandparents in Paris? (cấu trúc Would you like + to Vinf…?) 14 Don’t waste her time complaining _(complain) about her salary (cấu trúc Waste time + Ving) 15 That questions need _replying (reply) (cấu trúc Need + Ving) 16 Viet is used to crying (cry) when he faces his difficulties (cấu trúc tobe used to + Ving) 17 It’s time they stopped working (work) here (cấu trúc Stop + Ving) 18 Will she remember to collect _ (collect) his suit from the dry – cleaners or shall I it? (cấu trúc Remember + to Vinf) 19 Jim forgot sending (send) this message last night (cấu trúc Forget + Ving) 20 Hung stopped _to eat _ (eat) meat yesterday (cấu trúc Stop + to Vinf) C BÀI TẬP RÈN LUYỆN Exercise 1: Chia động từ to V V-ing I enjoy dancing What you want to do tonight? Goodbye! I hope I learnt you again soon when I was five years old Have you finished I’m tired I want Do you enjoy the kitchen? to bed other countries The weather was nice, so I suggested Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com for a walk by the river Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack Where’s Bill? He promised here on time 10 I’m not in a hurry I don’t mind 11 What have you decided 12 Geogre was very angry and refused 13 Where’s Ann? I need 14 I was very upset and started 15 I’m trying ? to me her something Please stop Exercise 2: Hoàn thành câu dùng to V V-ing Sử dụng động từ bên dưới: Go, help, live, lose, rain, read, see, send, take, wait, walk, watch I like London but I wouldn’t like to live there I like taking photographs when I’m on holiday Linda has a lot of books She enjoys I’m surprised that you’re here I didn’t expect you Don’t forget us a postcard when you’re on holiday “Shall we get a taxi to the cinema?” “If you like, but it isn’t fat I don’t mind ” This ring is very beautiful I’d hate Julia had a lot to do, so I offered it her What shall we this afternoon? Would you like Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com to the beach? Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack 10 When I’m tired in the evenings, I like 11 “Shall we go now?” “No, I’d prefer 12 I’m not going out until it stops television a few minutes.” Exercise 3: Trả lời câu hỏi Do you usually get up early? Yes, I like getting up early Do you ever go to museums? Yes, I love Do you often write letters? No, I don’t like Have you ever been to New York? No, but I’d love Do you often travel by train? Yes, I enjoy Shall we eat at home or go to a restaurant? I don’t mind restaurant but I’d prefer one day a home Exercise 4: Hoàn thành câu sử dụng động từ bên Thêm to + V cần thiết, số trường hợp giữ V-infinitive Arrive, borrow, get, go, go, make, repeat, tell, think, wait Please stay here I don’t want you to go I didn’t hear what she said, so I asked her “Shall we begin?” “No, let’s a few minutes.” Are they already here? I expected them Kevin’s parents didn’t want him Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com it much later married Youtube: VietJack TV Official VietJack.com Facebook: Học Cùng VietJack I want to stay here You can’t make me with you “Is that your bicycle?” “No, it’s John’s He let me Mary can’t come to the party She told me Would you like a drink? Would you like me 10 “Ann doesn’t like me.” “What makes you it.” you some coffee? that?” Học trực tuyến: khoahoc.vietjack.com Youtube: VietJack TV Official