IEC 61 1 96 1 209 Edition 1 0 201 6 03 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Coaxial communication cables – Part 1 209 Environmental test methods – Thermal cycling IE C 6 1 1 9 6 1 2 0 9 2 0 1 6 0 3 (e n ) ® Copyrig[.]
I E C 61 6-1 -2 ® I N TE RN ATI ON AL S TAN D ARD C oaxi al com m u n i cati on cabl es – IEC 61 96-1 -209:201 6-03(en) P art -2 : E n vi ron m en tal tes t m eth od s – Th erm al cycl i n g Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Edition 201 6-03 TH I S P U B L I C ATI O N I S C O P YRI G H T P RO TE C T E D C o p yri g h t © I E C , G e n e va , S w i tze rl a n d All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information IEC Central Office 3, rue de Varembé CH-1 21 Geneva 20 Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 91 02 1 Fax: +41 22 91 03 00 info@iec.ch www.iec.ch Abo u t th e I E C The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies Ab o u t I E C p u b l i c a ti o n s The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published I E C C atal og u e - webs tore i ec ch /catal og u e E l ectroped i a - www el ectroped i a org The stand-alone application for consulting the entire bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other documents Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and iPad The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing 20 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) online I E C pu bl i cati on s search - www i ec ch /s earch pu b I E C G l o s sary - s td i ec ch /g l os s ary The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…) It also gives information on projects, replaced and withdrawn publications 65 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of IEC publications issued since 2002 Some entries have been collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and CISPR I E C J u s t P u bl i s h ed - webstore i ec ch /j u s tpu bl i s h ed Stay up to date on all new IEC publications Just Published details all new publications released Available online and also once a month by email Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission I E C C u s tom er S ervi ce C en tre - webs tore i ec ch /cs c If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch I E C 61 6-1 -2 ® Edition 201 6-03 I N TE RN ATI ON AL S TAN D ARD C oaxi al com m u n i cati on cabl es – P art -2 : E n vi ron m en tal tes t m eth od s – Th erm al cycl i n g INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 33.1 20.1 ISBN 978-2-8322-3250-7 Warn i n g ! M ake s u re th at you obtai n ed th i s pu bl i cati on from an au th ori zed d i s tri bu tor ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission –2– I EC 61 96-1 -209: 201 © I EC 201 CONTENTS FOREWORD Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Symbols 5 Method Thermal cycle profile method Adjustment factors 2.1 General 2.2 Transition rate adjustment factor 2.3 Upper and lower temperature exposure test adjustment factor Sample Requirements Test report Annex A (informative) Reliability acceleration factor Table – Mass and exposure times Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission I EC 61 96-1 -209: 201 © I EC 201 –3– I NTERNATI ONAL ELECTROTECHNI CAL COMMISSI ON C O AXI AL C O M M U N I C AT I O N C AB L E S – P a rt -2 : E n vi ro n m e n t a l t e s t m e t h o d s – T h e rm a l c y c l i n g FOREWORD ) The I n ternati onal El ectrotechnical Commi ssi on (I EC) is a worl d wi d e organizati on for standard izati on comprisi ng all nati onal electrotechnical com mi ttees (I EC N ati onal Com mittees) The object of I EC is to promote i nternati onal co-operati on on al l q u esti ons concerni ng stan dard izati on i n the el ectrical an d electronic fi el ds To th is en d and in ad di ti on to other acti vi ti es, I EC pu bli shes I ntern ati on al Stand ards, Technical Speci fi cati ons, Technical Reports, Pu bl icly Avail abl e Specificati ons (PAS) and Gu i d es (hereafter referred to as “I EC Pu blicati on(s)”) Th ei r preparati on is entru sted to technical committees; an y I EC N ati onal Committee i nterested i n th e su bj ect d ealt with may parti ci pate i n thi s preparatory work I ntern ati on al , governmen tal and non governmental organ izati ons l iaisi ng wi th the I EC al so participate in this preparati on I EC coll aborates cl osel y with the I nternati onal Organizati on for Stand ard izati on (I SO) i n accord ance wi th cond i ti ons d etermined by ag reement between the two organizati ons 2) The formal d ecisions or agreemen ts of I EC on tech nical matters express, as nearl y as possibl e, an i nternati onal consensus of opi ni on on the rel evant su bjects si nce each technical committee h as representati on from all i nterested I EC N ati onal Commi ttees 3) I EC Pu blicati ons h ave the form of recommend ati ons for internati onal u se an d are accepted by I EC N ati onal Com mittees i n that sense Whi le all reasonabl e efforts are mad e to ensu re that the technical content of I EC Pu blicati ons is accu rate, I EC cannot be h el d responsi bl e for the way i n wh ich they are used or for an y misinterpretati on by an y end u ser 4) I n ord er to promote i nternational u ni formi ty, I EC N ati onal Commi ttees und ertake to appl y I EC Pu blications transparentl y to th e maximum extent possi bl e i n thei r nati on al an d regi on al pu blicati ons Any d i vergence between any I EC Pu bl icati on and th e correspond i ng nati onal or regional publi cation shal l be cl earl y i n d icated i n the l atter 5) I EC i tsel f d oes n ot provi d e an y attestati on of formity I nd epen d en t certi ficati on bodies provi d e conformity assessment services and , in some areas, access to I EC marks of conformi ty I EC i s not responsi bl e for any services carried ou t by i nd epend ent certification bodi es 6) All users should ensu re that they have the l atest edi ti on of thi s pu blicati on 7) N o li abili ty shal l attach to I EC or i ts di rectors, employees, servants or agen ts i ncl u di ng ind ivi d u al experts and m embers of its techni cal commi ttees an d I EC N ati on al Committees for an y personal inju ry, property d amage or other d amage of any natu re whatsoever, wheth er d i rect or i nd irect, or for costs (i ncl ud i n g l egal fees) an d expenses arising ou t of th e pu bli cation, u se of, or reli ance u pon, thi s I EC Pu bl ication or any other I EC Pu blicati ons 8) Attention is d rawn to the N ormative references ci ted i n this pu bl icati on U se of the referenced publicati ons is i nd i spensabl e for th e correct appli cati on of this pu blicati on 9) Attention is d rawn to the possibili ty th at some of the elements of thi s I EC Pu bl icati on may be the su bj ect of paten t ri ghts I EC shal l n ot be held responsi bl e for i d enti fyi ng any or all such paten t ri ghts I nternational Standard IEC 61 96-1 -209 has been prepared by subcommittee 46A: Coaxial cables, of I EC technical committee 46: Cables, wires, waveguides, R.F connectors, R.F and microwave passive components and accessories The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDI S Report on voti ng 46A/1 298/FDI S 46A/1 301 /RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/I EC Directives, Part A list of all the parts in the I EC 61 96 series published under the general title Coaxial communication cables can be found on the I EC website Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission –4– I EC 61 96-1 -209: 201 © I EC 201 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the I EC website under "http: //webstore iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication At this date, the publication will be • • • • reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission I EC 61 96-1 -209: 201 © I EC 201 –5– C O AXI AL C O M M U N I C AT I O N C AB L E S – P a rt -2 : E n vi ro n m e n t a l t e s t m e t h o d s – T h e rm a l c y c l i n g S cope This part of I EC 61 96 specifies a test method to determine the ability of a coaxial cable to withstand the effects of temperature cycling on its transmission performance The purpose of this procedure is to accelerate the effects of temperature cycling on a cable N o rm a t i v e re fe re n c e s The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies I EC 61 96-1 , Coaxial communication cables – Part 1: Generic specification – General, definitions and requirements I EC 60068-2-1 4, Environmental testing – Part 2-14: Tests – Test N: Change of temperature I EC 62506, Methods for product accelerated testing T e rm s a n d d e fi n i t i o n s For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 61 96-1 apply ∆T ∆ T1 ∆ Ti S ym b o l s ζ Test A A tr A ∆T difference between the upper and lower exposure temperature limits, in ° C difference between the upper and lower operational temperature limits, in ° C temperature change difference other than ∆ T1 , in ° C transition rate of temperature of the test, in ° C/minute adjustment factor for the number of cycles for different transition temperature rates and exposure temperatures limits than standard conditions adjustment factor for the number of cycles with regards to the transition rate adjustment factor for the number of cycles with regards to the upper and lower exposure temperatures Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission –6– I EC 61 96-1 -209: 201 © I EC 201 Method 5.1 Thermal cycle profile method The test shall be done in accordance with the I EC 60068-2-1 with a transition time of °C/minute The temperature exposure time should be at the upper and lower operational limits of cable ( ∆ T1 ) as given in relevant cable specification, unless otherwise modified as described in A cycle shall consist of one complete exposure at upper and lower temperature test limits Twenty cycles should be conducted The time exposed at the upper and lower test temperatures shall be sufficient for the DUT to reach the specified temperature Mass and exposure times are given in Table Table – Mass and exposure times 5.2 5.2.1 M ass of specimen/fixtu res Exposu re time hr ≤ 30 g ¼ > 30 g to ≤ 50 g ½ > 50 g to ≤ , kg > , kg to ≤ 7, kg ,5 > 7, kg to ≤ kg > kg to ≤ 75 kg > 75 kg to ≤ 50 kg > 50 kg Adjustment factors General The number of cycles should be adjusted when the transition rate and temperature change varies from by the following: N = 20 × A tr × A ∆ T (1 ) The calculation will most likely lead to a number that will not be an integer and therefore will contain a fraction of a complete cycle Any fraction of a cycle should be adjusted to the next higher integer number Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission I EC 61 96-1 -209: 201 © I EC 201 2.2 –7– Tran siti on rate ad j u stmen t factor The number of cycles should be adjusted to other transition rates according to equation (1 ) and (2) A tr = ς Test (2) The maximum adjustment factor should be limited to U pper an d lower temperatu re exposu re test ad j u stmen t factor I f different temperature exposure limits are used, the number of cycles should be adjusted as specified by the following ΔT A ∆ T = ΔTi 2,5 (3) Sampl e Electrical and mechanical tests shall be done on a 50 m ± m length unless otherwise specified Each test shall require a minimum of one sample The samples shall be loosely coiled in the test chamber to ensure that adjacent windings have airspace between each coil, adjacent samples, and walls of the chamber The mechanical sample shall be cut flush at both ends Suitable connectors shall be attached for the electrical tests Tests that should be considered are: impedance, return loss, passive intermodulation distortion, contact resistance, etc Req u i remen ts The mechanical test shall monitor dielectric and conductor movement The criteria for acceptance shall be described in the detailed specification The RF performance characteristics shall be evaluated at the conclusion of the test and may be also evaluated at intervals during the test The criteria for acceptance shall be specified in the detailed specification Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission –8– I EC 61 96-1 -209: 201 © I EC 201 Test report The test report shall include • • • • • • • • initial measurement; number of samples tested; sample length; connector used; test conditions – low temperature, – high temperature, – rate of temperature change, – number of cycles, – duration of cycle, – details of sample placement; final measurements and changes in results from the initial measurements; calculations made; deviations from the standard method Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission I EC 61 96-1 -209: 201 © I EC 201 –9– Annex A (informative) Reliability acceleration factor The effects of thermal cycling in use may be accelerated by increasing the temperature range and transition time from what is the normal operation This is known as the acceleration factor A TC ∆T A TC = ∆T2 m ς1 ⋅ ς2 1/n (A.1 ) where ∆ T1 is the change in temperature that occurs in test ; ∆ T2 is the change in temperature that occurs in test or actual change in usage; is the ramp speed in test that occurs in test ; ς1 ς2 is the ramp speed that occurs in test or actual ramp rate in usage; m is a number for the difference between the exposure test limits and is determined by the component/material; is a number for the transition rate of temperature n I n actual use, the thermal cycle profile may not be consistent from day to day and therefore some approximation shall be used The m and n may be obtained from testing, field experience, data sources, etc Additional information can be obtained in I EC 62506 Comments I f the acceleration factor is 25, which means thermal cycle is equivalent to 25, thermal cycles of the base line model shall be used I f the baseline model is day of use, an acceleration factor is equivalent to 25 days of use for each cycle Typically daily operational cycles are complex and more than one cycle occurs per day I t is typical practice to model these multiple cycles as one cycle to make the complications easy However, one can use each mini-cycle and perform individual calculations The degree that acceleration can be achieved may be limited based on the temperature ratings of the materials used in the construction of the cable The m and n exponents can be determined form experimentation, however, when they are not known, a conservative number of 2, is used for m and /3 is used for n Example : Perform a test on two 50 m cables with one having connectors on both ends and the other having its ends cut flush The operational temperature limits are: –50 ° C and + 70 ° C The cable mass is of kg per meter Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission – 10 – I EC 61 96-1 -209: 201 © I EC 201 The standard test would be a lower exposure test temperature of –50 ° C and an upper exposure test temperature of + 70 ° C The transition time would be h (1 20 ° C/60 minutes or ° C/minute) The DU T mass in the chamber is 00 kg and using Table , this would provide an exposure test duration of h Example The same test above, except that the test will be done at –50 ° C at the lower exposure temperature and at + 90 ° C for the upper exposure temperature with a ramp rate of ° C per minute The transition rate adjustment factor from equation (2) is as follows: A tr = = 0, 79 2 (A.2) The operational exposure temperature adjustment factor from equation (3) is as follows: 25 A ∆ T = 40 = ,47 , 20 (A.3) The adjustment factor is: A tr × A ∆ T = , and the number of cycles could be reduced by ,1 _ Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission I N TE RN ATI O N AL E LE CTRO TE CH N I CAL CO M M I S S I O N , ru e d e Va re m bé P O B ox C H -1 1 G e n e va S wi tze rl a n d Te l : + 41 F a x: + 22 91 02 1 22 91 03 00 i n fo @i e c ch www i e c ch Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission