183 In the SC4 Water scenario, energy affordability for Vietnam is expected to decrease over the next 16 years, equivalent to an average annual decrease of 1%, reaching 3 6% in 2030 This equates to an[.]
183 In the SC4 Water scenario, energy affordability for Vietnam is expected to decrease over the next 16 years, equivalent to an average annual decrease of 1%, reaching 3.6% in 2030 This equates to an annual decrease of the amount of energy consumption of 0.6 % and % in 2030 compared with SC1 and SC2, respectively, while remaining around the same as SC3 (3.9%) The worsened energy affordability in SC4 is because of the continuation of current energy policy without regard for technological changes in energy supply This would make it impossible for the total energy output to meet the increased energy demand for the additional water irrigation system and wastewater treatment of SC4 In the SC5 Energy Food Water Nexus scenario, energy affordability is likely to improve over the next 16 years This is equivalent to an average annual increase of 0.9%, reaching 4.9% in 2030 The final household energy consumption of SC5 would increase by 25.9 % in 2030 compared with SC1 (3.9%), 35.4 % and 35.1 % compared with SC3 (3.6%) and SC4 (3.6%), and would decrease by 1.7 % in 2030 compared with SC2 (4.9%) (Figure 6-16) The major contribution to this improvement is from increasing energy output and a diverse energy supply mix resulting from the energy–food–water nexus policy approach This would eventually increase the share of final household energy consumption to total income of the country in SC5 In the SC6 Low Carbon scenario, energy affordability of the country would significantly improve over 2014–2030 For example, it is expected to increase by an average annual 0.8%, reaching 4.8% in 2030 This is equivalent to an increase of 24.7 % and 34% in 2030 compared with SC1 (3.9%) and SC3/SC4 (3.6%), respectively, and to a decrease of 2.6 % in 2030 compared with SC2/SC5 (4.9%) (Figure 6-16) The nexus approach with appropriate investment in all energy, food, and water sectors, combined with promotion of modern technology for reducing CO2 emissions, would likely have a significantly positive impact on both energy security and energy affordability The higher share of final energy of household consumption with lower CO2 emissions makes SC6 the most sustainable scenario for Vietnam’s future development 6.2 Food Security This section assesses the impacts on food security for various scenarios of Vietnam during 2014–2030 The key attributes for the assessment of food security are food accessibility, food import dependency, and food affordability