254 achieving marginally lower energy food water security levels in comparison to non nexus scenarios (SC1, SC2, SC3, and SC4), and a slightly lower GDP than in SC5 In turn, SC6 would ensure positive[.]
254 achieving marginally lower energy-food-water security levels in comparison to nonnexus scenarios (SC1, SC2, SC3, and SC4), and a slightly lower GDP than in SC5 In turn, SC6 would ensure positive impacts on and considerable improvement in energyfood-water security, while lowering total CO2 emissions In term of administration at the national level, the most critical challenge that policy makers will face in this scenario is ensuring that energy, food, and water ministries to work together and remain focused on national interests, rather than on maximising their own interests and obtaining the highest security levels, so that the total CO2 emissions can be minimized and the national energy-food-water security index achieved 7.1.7 Summary of Energy-Food-Water Security Trade-offs in Alternative Scenarios Energy security As shown in Figure 7-7, the effects on energy security differ among scenarios SC2 generates the highest energy security as a result of the government’s emphasis on improving energy affordability and diversity In particular, the increasing investment in power systems (electricity factories and electricity infrastructure) and the participation of private sectors in the energy industry will result in the improvement of energy security In contrast to SC2, the outcomes of SC1 and the base year (2014) indicate that energy security decreased in these scenarios, with SC1 indicating much lower energy security than the base year This result indicates energy security will suffer significant decline in Vietnam in the 2014–2030 period unless critical policy changes and technologies are introduced With regard to SC3 and SC4, these scenarios have lower energy security compared to the base year and are even worse than SC1 (2030) This is likely due to these scenarios applying the same energy development policy as SC1, while experiencing greater degrees of food consumption and water usage as a result of the development of other sectors in these scenarios Given its adoption of development model based on SC2, SC6 appears to provide the best solution of the scenarios discussed in this study Despite other impacts on food and water security and the energy security of this scenario being slightly lower than that of SC2, SC6 provides greater more balance overall