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256 introduction of micro irrigation systems and increased allocation of water for agriculture by the government results in a better outcome for food affordability in this scenario SC5 provides the be[.]

256 introduction of micro-irrigation systems and increased allocation of water for agriculture by the government results in a better outcome for food affordability in this scenario SC5 provides the best solution of the discussed scenarios as it adopts the development theory based SC3 and SC4, but considers other impacts of food and water security While the food security index of this scenario is slightly lower than that of SC3, it appears to be more balance as a result of its combination with the advanced improvements of SC4  Water security The development of water security varies according to the policies of each scenario SC4 reflects the highest water security index of the discussed scenarios because of its significant improvement in water affordability and energy intensity In particular, the increased investment in micro-irrigation and sewage treatment systems results in the improvement of water security In contrast to SC4, the outcomes SC1 that it has markedly lower water security than the base year, confirming that Vietnam will suffer water scarcity in 2030 unless critical policy changes and technologies are introduced With regard to SC2 and SC3, both of these scenarios have lower water security in comparison to the base year, and are even worse than SC1 While SC2 and SC3 share the water development theory of SC1, the development of other sectors and increasing consumption of energy industries and demand for agricultural water decreases water security in these scenarios SC5 presents the second best solution as it adopts the development theory based on SC4, while considering other impacts of energy and food security Although food security is slightly lower in this scenario than in SC4, it is more balanced overall 7.2 Social, Economic, and Environmental Trade-offs This section discusses the trade-offs (see Figure 7-8) between economic (measured in US$ billions), social (measured in millions of employees), and environmental factors (expressed by million tons of CO2 emissions) across all scenarios: namely, SC1 (BAU), SC2 (Energy), SC3 (Food), SC4 (Water), SC5 (EFW Nexus), and SC6 (Low Carbon) These indices indicate that SC1 is the most insecured scenario because of it has the lowest value in both economic and employment terms More specifically, the GDP (US$ 330.2 billion) and employment (182.2 million employees) are projected to rise by 151% and 245% in 2030 compared to 2014, respectively (Figure 7-8) Moreover, this scenario

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