267 CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH The conclusions, in summary, are broadly grouped into the following sections in line with the specific objectives of this research, na[.]
267 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH The conclusions, in summary, are broadly grouped into the following sections in line with the specific objectives of this research, namely, the ‘historical evolution of the energy– food–water nexus’, the development of energy-food-water scenarios; the ‘social, economic, and environmental impacts of various scenarios’; the ‘energy–food–water security impacts’ of various scenarios; and ‘policy implications and trade-offs’ 8.1 Conclusions 8.1.1 Energy–Food–Water nexus in Vietnam: Historical Evolution The multi-faceted linkages between energy, food, and water have been strongly influenced by the historical evolution of Vietnam The relationship between these three resources emerged initially when people started to find ways to meet their needs for survival; energy, water and food were needed to meet basic human needs and development In the context of needs and living conditions, the considerations regarding this relationship are diverse worldwide For example, according to Akio (2015), in the United States, the main concern has been to secure water supply to address energy needs; in European countries, the main concern is integrated water management to ensure food security However, several Asian countries (especially developing ones) are often interested in these resources, to various degrees, to support their pressing developmental needs For examples, integrated water resources management to secure water supply is highly prioritized for both energy production and agriculture-based production as these countries share the multinational-integrated water resources within Mekong delta basin As demonstrated in this research, energy–food–water linkages have evolved throughout Vietnam’s history of over 4,000 years as driven by the need to ensure security of these resources Further, based on societal developmental patterns throughout historical stages, stretching from ancient times to the economic integration of today, energy, food, and