Ving or to Ving lý thuyết + bài tập

Ving or to Ving lý thuyết + bài tập

Verb+ V-ING or Verb + to-infinitive?!

A Verb theo sau bởi “V_ing”

Dạng động từ có đuôi ing: “Ving” trong tiếng Anh được dùng với 2 ý nghĩa là:

- Danh động từ (the gerund): Vai trò gần giống danh từ.

- Phân từ tiếp diễn: Thể hiện tính chất đang xảy ra, đang tiếp diễn của động từ.(I am doing homework)

I.DANH ĐỘNG TỪ:

VING là một loại danh động từ được tạo ra từ động từ Nó được sử dụng như một danh từ nghĩa là có thể làm: chủ ngữ, tân ngữ hay từ có tác dụng làm tăng thông tin cho danh từ khác (tính từ quan hệ).

1.Ving làm chủ ngữ:

Dancing bored him: Khiêu vũ làm anh ta chán ngấy.

Reading French is easier than speaking it: Đọc tiếng Pháp dễ hơn nói tiếng Pháp.

2.Ving làm tân ngữ

Vd:

I like dancing, I don’t like swimming.

Tôi thích khiêu vũ, tôi không thích bơi lội.

***CHÚ Ý MỘT SỐ CÁCH DÙNG:

_Dạng VING sau giới từ.

Vd:

He is good at diving: Anh ấy giỏi bơi lặn.

She is font of climbing: Cô ấy thích leo núi.

_Dạng VING sau động từ MIND

Vd:

Would you mind waiting a money?: Anh đợi một chút nhé?

I don’t mind walking: Tôi không ngại đi bộ.

_Dạng VING dùng trong lời cấm ngắn hạn.

Vd:

No smoking

No fishing

_Cấu trúc GO+VING

Go dancing

Go camping

_Chủ ngữ giả “it” thay VING

Vd:

It was a waste of time reading that book: Đọc cuốn sách đó thật phí thời gian.

II.VERB+GERUND: một số động từ thường theo sau bằng GERUND.

avoid: tránh

enjoy: khoái

(not) mind: không ngại

keep: cứ tiếp tục

suggest: đề nghị

postpone: hoãn

put off: hoãn

finish: hoàn thành

give up: từ bỏ

stop: ngừng, từ bỏ

can’t stand: không chịu nổi

acknowledge : công nhận , thừa nhận

admit : thừa nhận

anticipate : đoán trước

appreciate : đề cao , thưởng thức

avoid : tránh

can't help : kô thể kô

celebrate : tổ chức

consider : xem xét

defend : bảo vệ , bênh vực

defer : ngăn cản

delay : hoãn lại

deny : phủ nhận

detest : ghê tởm

discuss : thảo luận

dislike : kô thích

endure : chịu đựng

enjoy : thích

escape : trốn thoát

excuse : tha thứ

feel like : cảm thấy muốn

finish : xong

keep(=continue) : tiếp tục

loathe : căm ghét , ghê tởm

mention: đề cao

mind(= object to ) : cảm fiền

miss : bỏ lỡ

omit : loại bỏ

postpone : hoãn lại

practice : luyện tập

prevent : ngăn cản

prohibit : cấm đoán

recall :hồi tưởng

recollect : hồi tưởng

recommend : giới thiệu

regret : hối tiếc

report : báo cáo

resent : căm fẫn

resist : chống lại , kháng cự

resume : giành lại , tiếp tục lại

risk : liều

suggest : đề nghị

tolerate : chịu đựng , khoan hồng

B Verb theo sau bởi “to- infinitive”

Những động từ theo sau là "to verb" có 2 trường hợp:

- [công thức: S+V+to V]:

afford, appear, ask, bear, begin, choose, decide, expect, forget, hate, hesitate, intend, like, manage, neglect, prefer, pretend, propose, regret, seem, swear, try, wish, agree, arrange, attempt, beg, care, consent, determine, fail, happend, help, hope, learn, love, mean, offer, prepare, promise, refuse, remember, start, trouble, want, would like prefer.

Agree Challenge; Convince, Plan, Wait

- [công thức: S+V+O+to V]:

advise, ask, be, command(yêu cầu), encourage(khuyến khích) , forbid( cấm) , get, help, intend, leave, mean, oblige( tuân thủ) , permit, prefer, recommend( đề nghị), remind, tell, allow, bear, cause, compel, expect, force, hate, instruct, invite, like, need, order, persuade( thuyết phục) ,

press, request, teach, warn, wish.

C Verb được theo sau bởi cả “ to-infinitive” và “ V-ing”

1/‘ begin, start, continue, commence, cease’

_ Dùng ‘ V-ing’ hay ‘ to-V’ nghĩa không đổi

e.g : He started to learn ( learning ) English 6 years ago

_ Với hành động kéo dài, ta thường dùng ‘ V-ing’ ; với hành động ngắn ta nên dùng ‘to-V’ e.g : I began teaching English 19 years old

She began to feel worried and anxious

a Khi những động từ này ở bất kì thì tiếp diễn nào, ta không thể dùng ‘V-ing’

e.g : I’m beginning to learn French

I was starting to leave home for school

b Với những động từ chỉ suy nghĩ, hiểu biết à phải dùng ‘to-V’

(think, understand, remember, forget, realize, recognize, appreciate, comprehend, know,

….etc)

e.g : I begin to understand him

I start to forget all about this event

c Với những từ chỉ tình cảm, cảm xúc ta không dùng ‘ V-ing’

( love, hate, miss, admire, respect, adore,…etc )

e.g: I stop to miss him

d Động từ chỉ cảm giác ( feel, hear, see, smell, taste…etc ) ta không dùng ‘Ving’

e.g : I begin to feel hot

This soup starts to taste sour

e Động từ sở hữu ( have, posess, own, belong to) ta không dùng hình thức ‘V-ing’

e.g: This house begins to belong to you today

2/ Intend (có ý định )

_ Dùng với ‘V-ing’ và ‘to-V’ ( ‘to-V’ phổ biến hơn )

e.g : I don’t intend to leave / leaving my present job

_ Khi có túc từ, ta phải dùng ‘ to-V’

e.g : He intends his wife to open a fashion shop

_ ‘ Have an ( no) intention of ‘ + V-ing

e.g : ihave an intention of leaving my present job

3/ ‘ allow, permit, advise, recommend ‘

- Nếu có túc từ (Object của câu) , ta phải dùng ‘ to-V’

e.g : He advised housewives to buy big tins as it is more economical

He advised buying big tins as it is more economical

- ‘allow, permit’ + V-ing khi không có túc từ

e.g : They allow parking here

4/ ‘Need

_Dùng với ‘V-ing’ hoặc ‘to-V’ ở bị động

e.g: This car needs washing = This car needs to be washed

_ Ta dùng ‘ to-V’ nếu nghĩa của nó không phải bị động

e.g : I need to wash my car

5/‘Sorry’

a ‘ Sorry’ + for + V-ing : xin lỗi về điều đã làm

e.g : I’m sorry to ringing too late last night

b ‘ Sorry’ + to-V : xin lỗi điều gì dự định làm

e.g : Sorry to interrupt you, but I have a question to ask you

c ‘Sorry’ + that + clause :

** Thông báo tin xấu :

e.g : I’m sorry that you have failed in your driving test

* Từ chối lời đề nghị :

e.g : We’re sorry that we cannot lend you the money

d ‘Sorry’ + for + noun e.g : I’m sorry for the accident

e ‘Sorry’ + about + noun : thông cảm điều gì đó

e.g : I’m sorry about that

Exercises :THE INFINITIVE OR THE GERUND

I/ Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets :

Tom regrets ( spend ) too much time ( play ) computer games

Students stopped ( make ) noise when the teacher came in

He’ll try ( not make) the same mistake again

Would you mind ( turn ) off the radio ?

When you see Tom, remember ( give ) him my regards

They postponed ( build ) an elementary school for lack of finance

It’s no use ( advise ) him He never allows anybody (give) advice

Is there anything here worth ( buy ) ?

We missed ( watch ) a football match last night

The principal tells him ( come ) in

My parents decided ( take ) a taxi because it was late

Do you agree ( lend ) me some money ?

Tom refused (give) me his address

You’ll be able ( do ) it yourself when you are older

I didn’t know how ( get ) to your house , so I stopped ( ask ) the way

We found it very difficult ( reach ) a decision

I will remember ( give ) Mr Brown your message

She remembers ( be ) taken to the zoo by her mother

Do you feel like ( go ) to the concert or would you like ( stay ) at home ?

My family is considering (take) a trip to the USA next year

The police didn’t permit ( camp ) in this wood for security reasons

We don’t allow people ( smoke ) in the lecture room

The teacher advised ( review) the grammatical structures carefully

He’ s used to ( go ) on foot to work

We get used to ( work ) on Sundays

She is looking forward to ( see ) her friends

Sometimes students avoid ( look ) at the teacher if they don’t want (answer ) a question

You should try ( wear ) any shirts you want to buy

The teacher recommends us ( prepare) the lessons well before ( come ) to class There are people can’t help ( laugh )when they see someone ( slip ) on a banana skin

He went to bed without ( lock ) the doors

They don’t have enough patience ( wait ) for him

Gravity makes water ( run ) downhill

This man let me ( use ) his phone yesterday

Are we allowed ( go ) out with Tom ?

The teller was made ( raise ) his hands

Mary was advised ( stay ) out of the crowd

She prefers ( eat ) to ( prepare ) meals

When the rainy season comes , you need ( repair ) the roof of the house

The flowers need ( water ) but you needn’t ( water ) them now

II/ Rewrite the following sentences with the meaning unchanged:

Shall we go for a walk ? è What about ……….? Why don’t we visit our teacher ? è I suggest ………

I am very pleased that we shall meet again soon è I’m looking

………

It is really quite easy to learn English è Learning ……….

I don’t want to go to the movie tonight è I don’t feel like

………

Complaining about the matter is useless now è It is ………

It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour è It’s better to avoid

……….

I expect that he will get there by lunchtime è I expect him ………

I remember someone telling me the news è I remember being………

Could you turn the radio down, please? è.Would you mind ………?

III/ Choose correct answer

1 Ms Lan enjoys ……because she loves working with children.

a to teach b to be taught c teaching d teach

2 I’d like to stay at home ……going out this evening.

a rather than b instead of c more than d better at

3 It is such a terrible day that I don’t …… to go out.

a want b fancy c enjoy d need

4 I have such a lot of work to do that I don’t know …… to do first

a when b what c where d why

5 The reason …….he refused this job is that he doesn’t like the boss.

6 My father doesn’t allow me ……in his room.

a to smoke b smoking c smoke d not smoke

7 Nam ……in finding a good job in an advertising company.

a managed b gained c succeeded d got

8 It’s better to avoid ………during the rush hour.

a traveling b to travel c travel d traveled

9 It was a nice day, so we decided ……… for walk.

a to have b to go c to take d to make

10 Would you ……… looking after my children for a while?

a mind b agree c stand d care

11 I have difficulty …… and ……… English.

a speak-writing b to speak-to write c speaking-writing d speak-write

12 They offered ……her but she refused.

a to help b helping c help d being helped

13 I don’t mind … you …… the washing up.

a help-do b helping-doing c helping-do d to help-to do

14 I’d like …….when I am sixty years old.

a to rest b to stop c to retire d to relax

15 The children are looking forward to ……… on holiday.

a go b going c be going d have gone

16 You must try not …….so many mistakes again.

a make b making c to make d makes

17 He advised me ……….at this time.

a not to go out b not go out c not going out d not to going out

18 We always expect ……….as many good marks as possible.

a getting b get c to getting d to get

19 This book is worthy ………for us.

a to read b reading c read d be read

20 I have trouble ………late at nights.

a work b to work c working d works