Một số cách dùng đặc biệt • Verb + V-ing: Những động từ sau được theo sau bởi V-ing: Admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, excuse, consider, deny, finish, imagine, forgive, keep, mind, miss, post
Trang 1The Gerund and The Infinitive
Động danh từ và V nguyên mẫu (the gerund and the infinitive)
1 Động danh từ (the gerund)
1.1 Cấu tạo của động danh từ: V + ing
1.2 Cách sử dụng của the gerund
+ Là chủ ngữ của câu: dancing bored him
+ Bổ ngữ của động từ: her hobby is painting
+ Là bổ ngữ: seeing is believing
+ Sau giới từ: he was accused of smuggling
+ Sau một vài động từ
1.3 Một số cách dùng đặc biệt
• Verb + V-ing:
Những động từ sau được theo sau bởi V-ing:
Admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, excuse, consider, deny, finish, imagine, forgive, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, risk, stop, remember, forget, regret, suggest, like, propose, detest, dread, resent, pardon, try, fancy.
Ví dụ:
He admitted taking the money
Would you consider selling the property?
He kept complaining
He didn’t want to risk getting wet
Chú ý: the gerund cũng theo sau những cụm từ như can’t stand (=endure), can’t
help (=prevent/ avoid), it’s no use/good, there is no point in (chẳng có ích gì …)
Ví dụ:
I couldn’t help laughing
It’s no use arguing
Is there anything here worth buying?
• Verb + possessive adjective/ pronoun + V-ing
Cấu trúc này được sử dụng với các động từ như: dislike, resent, object, excuse,
forgive, pardon, prevent.
Forgive my/me ringing you up so early
He disliked me/my working late
He resented my/me being promoted before him
• Verb + pronoun + preposition + V-ing Cấu trúc này được dùng với các động
từ như: forgive, prevent, stop, excuse
You can’t prevent him from spending his own money
2 The infinitive (Theo sau là To_V)
Một số cách dùng động từ nguyên thể đặc biệt:
Trang 2• Verb Infinitive + ToV
Những động từ sau được theo sau trực tiếp bởi the infinitive:
Agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide, determine, be determined, fail, endeavour, forget, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, remember, seem, tend, threaten, try, volunteer expect, want, mean
Ví dụ:
She agreed to pay $50.
Two men failed to return from the expedition
The tenants refused to leave
She volunteered to help the disabled
He learnt to look after himself
• Verb + how/what/when/where/ which/why + To V
Những động từ sử dụng công thức này là ask, decide, discover, find out, forget,
know, learn, remember, see, show + object, think, understand, want to know, wonder.
He discovered how to open the safe
I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.
She couldn’t think what to say.
I showed her which button to press.
• Verb + object + To V:
Những động từ theo công thức này là advise, allow, enable, encourage, forbid,
force, hear, instruct, invite, let, order, permit, persuade, request, remind, see, train, teach how, urge, warn, tempt.
Ví dụ:
These glasses will enable you to see in the dark
She encouraged me to try again
They forbade her to leave the house
They persuaded us to go with them
• Assume, believe, consider, feel, know, suppose, understand + (object) + to be:
I consider him to be the best candidate
= He is considered to be the best candidate
He is known to be honest
You are supposed to know the laws of your own country
Chú ý: Một số động từ có thể đi cùng với cả To V và V-ing, hãy so sánh sự khác
nhau về ý nghĩa giữa chúng
Stop + V-ing: dừng làm gì
Stop making noise! (dừng làm ồn)
Stop + to V: dừng để làm gì
I stop to smoke (tôi dừng lại để hút thuốc)
Trang 3Remember/forget/regret + to V: nhớ/quên/tiếc sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện tại và tương lai)
Remember to send this letter (hãy nhớ gửi bức thư này)
Don’t forget to buy flowers (đừng quên mua hoa đấy)
I regret to inform you that the train was canceled (tôi rất tiếc phải báo tin cho anh rằng chuyến tầu đã bị hủy bỏ)
Remember/forget/regret + V-ing: nhớ/quên/tiếc đã làm gì (ở quá khứ).
I paid her $2 I still remember that I still remember paying her $2
(tôi nhớ đã trả cô ấy 2 đô la)
She will never forget meeting the Queen (cô ấy không bao giờ quên lần gặp nữ hoàng)
He regrets leaving school early It is the biggest mistake in his life
Try + to V: cố gắng làm gì
I try to pass the exam (tôi cố gắng vượt qua kì thi)
Try + V-ing: thử làm gì
You should try unlocking the door with this key (bạn nên thử mở cửa với chiếc khóa này)
Like + V-ing: thích làm gì vì nó thú vị, hay, cuốn hút, làm để thưởng thức
I like watching TV
Like + to V: làm việc đó vì nó là tốt và cần thiết.
I want to have a job I like to learn English
Would like + to V: mời ai đi đâu
Would you like to go to the cinema?
Prefer + doing something + to + doing something else.
I prefer driving to travelling by train
Prefer + to do something + rather than (do) something else
I prefer to drive rather than travel by train
Need + to V: cần làm gì
I need to go to school today
Need/want/require + V-ing: mang nghĩa bị động (cần được làm gì)
Your hair needs cutting (tóc của bạn cần được cắt ngắn)
The grass needs cutting
The grass wants cutting
Be used to + V-ing: quen với việc gì (ở hiện tại)
I’m used to getting up early (tôi quen với việc dậy sớm)
Used to + V: thường làm gì trong quá khứ (bây giờ không làm nữa)
I used to get up early when I lived in Bac Giang
(tôi thường dậy sớm khi tôi sống ở Bắc Giang)
Advise/ allow/ permit/ recommend + object + to V: Khuyên/cho phép/đề nghị
ai làm gì
Trang 4He advised me to apply at once.
They don't allow us to park here
Advise/ allow/ permit/ recommend + Ving: Khuyên/ cho phép/ đề nghị làm gì
He advised applying at once
They don't allow parking here
See / hear/ smell/ feel/ notice/ watch + object + V-ing: Cấu trúc này được sử dụng khi người nói chỉ chứng kiến một phần của hành động:
I see him passing my house everyday
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising
See / hear/ smell/ feel/ notice/ watch + object + V(nguyển thể không có 'to'): Cấu trúc này được sử dụng khi người nói chỉ chứng kiến toàn bộ hành động:
We saw him leave the house
I heard him make arrangements for his journey
Sau đây là bảng so sánh về 2 động từ Dạng Gerund- Danh động từ và To infinitive:
TO-INFINITIVE GERUND
● Diễn đạt mục đích
Ex: He went to university to become a
teacher (in order to become)
● Sau một số động từ sau(agree, appear,
decide, hope, promise, refuse, plan,
expect etc)
Ex: I promised to vote for him
● Sau một số tính từ(happy, glad, sorry
etc)
Ex: I am really sorry to hear that
● Sau công thức “I would like
/love/prefer”
My ex: I would like to see your boss
● Sau một số danh từ (surprise, fun …)
Ex: What a fun to be here
● Sử dụng như danh từ Ex: Walking is good exercise
● Sau một số động từ admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, continue, delay, deny, discuss, enjoy, forgive,
go (physical activities), imagine, involve, keep (= continue), mention, mind, miss, quit, resist, save, stand, suggest, tolerate, etc
Ex: Let’s go jogging
● Sau dislike, enjoy, hate, like, prefer để diễn đạt sở thích chung
Ex She likes drawing (in
Trang 5● Sau cấu trúc “too/enough”
Ex: He’s clever enough to finish the task
She is too short to reach the ceiling
● Trong một số cấu trúc như: to tell you
the truth, to the honest, to begin with, etc
Ex To begin with, I’d like to talk about
the sales this year
general)
● Sau một số cấu trúc: I’m busy, It’s (no) good, it’s not worth, there is
no point in, can’t help, can’t stand, have a hard/ difficult time, have difficulty (in) … Ex: It’s no use persuading him
● Sau cấu trúc:
spend/waste (time, money …)
Ex: He waste his time doing meaningless things
● Sau giới từ Ex: He looks forward to hearing from her
Trang 6Ex1: Chia động từ
1 Mr Backer’s children are busy (collect) ……… stamps for their club
2 We do not want (go) ……… to that restaurant because it’s dirty
3 Would you be so good as (answer) ……… the phone when it rings?
4 They give up (gamble) ……… long ago
5 Try avoid (make) ……… a lot of mistakes in your thesis
6 They are against (make) ……… complaints about the road construction
7 It is no use (drink) ……… a lot of alcoholic drinks
8 The director (hold) ……… another meeting next week
9 It is difficult for me to get used to (sleep) ……… earlier
10 We are looking forward to (hear) ……… from you next week
11 Would you mind (put) ……… your pet snake somewhere else?
12 It ‘s no use (wait) ……… for her too long
13 He urged us (work) ……… faster than he does
14 My mother told me (not speak) ……… to anyone about it
15 I can’t understand her (behave) ……… like that
16 You are expected (know) ……… the safety regulation of the college
Trang 717 I am prepared (wait) ……… here all night if necessary.
18 It isn’t good for children (eat) ……… too many sweets
19 I could not help (overhear) ……… that you said
20 She warned me (not touch) ……… the wire
21 I regret (inform) ……… you that your application has been refused
22 It is no use (tell) ……… lies to anyone
23 I am beginning (understand) ……… what you have told me
24 The boy does not know how (use) ……… a computer
25 I am busy (teach) ……… English all the day
26 I am nervous about (make) ……… friends with her
27 People liked (go) ……… to the movie because they showed another world
28 They are accustomed to (get) ………large salaries
29 Editors are responsible for (write) ……… editorials
30 It is interesting (study) ……… the history of today’s motion-picture industry
31 Reporters for major newspaper are used to (work) ……… long hours
32 By the end of 1992, over 500 radio stations had begun (broadcast)
……… around the United States
Trang 833 People enjoyed (listen) ……… to the early radio programs.
34 The first station was created by radio equipment companies in order (develop)
……… a market for their products
35 She had to ask the boys (stop) ……… (make) ……… noise
36 Our teacher has promised (help) ……… us (prepare) ……… for the exams
37 I’d love (have) ……… an opportunity of (meet) ……… you again
38 He resents (be) ……… told what (do) ………
39 I love (eat) ……… organs, but I dislike (peel) ……… them
40 There is no (deny) ……… that he enjoys (listen) ……… to his own voice
41 We regret (say) ……… that the lecture was dull and wasn’t worth (listen) ……… to
42 Is (bold) ……… or frying way of (cooking) ……… this fish?
43 Where there is work (do) ……… you should be ready (lend)
……… a hand
44 It is no use (ask) ……… him (lend) ……… you any money
45 Can you manage (finish) ……… (write) ……… these reports
by yourself?
46 She stopped (talk) ……… if waiting for him (speak) ………
Trang 947 You begin (learn) ……… a language by (listen) ……… to new sounds
48 I’ve come (make) ……… peace, not (start) ……… another war
49 There is nothing (be) ……… done about it now, except (tell)
……… the police truth
50 You’re too young (start) ……… giving up (build) ……… a career
Ex2: Chọn đáp án đúng:
1 The teacher decided (accepting/to accept) the paper
2 They appreciate (to have/having) this information
3 His father doesn’t approve of his (going/ to go) to Europe
4 We found it very difficult (reaching/ to reach) a decision
5 Donna is interested in (to open/opening) a bar
6 George has no intention of (to leave/leaving) the city now
7 We are eager (to return/returning) to school in the fall
8 We would be better off (to buy/ buying) this car
9 She refused (to accept/ accepting) the gift
10 Mary regrets (to be/being) the one to have to tell him
11 George pretended (to be/being) sick yesterday
12 Carlos hopes (to finish/finishing) his thesis this year
13 They agreed (to leave/leaving) early
14 Helen was anxious (to tell/ telling) her family about her promotion
15 We are not ready (to stop/stopping) this research at this time
16 Henry shouldn’t risk (to drive/driving) so fast
17 He demands (to know/knowing) what is going on
18 She is looking forward to (return/returning) to her country
19 There is no excuse for (to leave/leaving) the room in this condition
20 Gerald returned to his home after (to leave/leaving) the game
Trang 10Ex3: Hoàn thành mỗi câu sau với một trong các động từ sau: apply, be, be, listen, make, see, try, use, wash, work, write (chia động từ theo đúng dạng)
1 Could you please stop……… so much noise?
2 I enjoy ………to music
3 I considered ……… for the job but in the end I decided against it
4 Have you finished ………your hair yet?
5 If you walk into the road without looking, you risk………knocked down
6 Jim is 65 but he isn’t going to retire yet He wants to carry on………
7 I don’t mind you………the phone as long as you pays for all your calls
8 Hello! Fancy ………… you here! What a surprise!
9 I’ve put off ……… the letter so many times I really must do it today
10 What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine any body ……… so stupid?
11 Sarah gave up ……… to find a job in this company and decided to
go abroad