CONDITIONAL CLAUSES Có ba loại câu điều kiện Type Loại IF clause MĐ phụ Main clause MĐ chính 1.. Present – Real Hiện tại có thật Simple Present Simple future will/shall + Infinitive 2
Trang 1ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HỌC KỲ 2 NĂM HỌC 2013 – 2014
TIẾNG ANH LỚP 10
GRAMMAR
I CONDITIONAL CLAUSES
Có ba loại câu điều kiện
Type (Loại) IF clause ( MĐ phụ) Main clause (MĐ chính)
1 Present – Real
( Hiện tại có thật)
Simple Present Simple future
(will/shall + Infinitive)
2 Present - Unreal
(Hiện tại không thật)
Past Subjunctive
( V-ed/V2; be=were)
Present Conditional
(would + Infinitive)
3 Past – Unreal
(Quá khứ không thật)
Past Perfect
(Had + past participle)
Past Conditional
(would + have + past participle)
Loại 1: Present – Real ( Hiện tại có thật)
Câu điều kiện có thật có thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai
True:
- Tom and I are good friends I always say hello to him.
Tình huống có thật:
- Tôi và Tôm là bạn tốt với nhau Tôi luôn chào anh ấy
Conditional:
- If I see Tom, I will say hello to him
Điều kiện:
Nếu tôi gặp anh ấy, tôi sẽ chào anh ấy (Điều này sẽ xảy ra đúng như vậy).
Loại 2 Present – Unreal ( Hiện tại không có thật)
Câu điều kiện không có thực và không thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai
True:
- I don’t have enough money I will not buy that car
Tôi không có đủ tiền, Tôi sẽ không mua chiếc ô tô
Conditional:
- If I had enough money I would buy that car
Điều kiện:
- Nếu tôi có đủ tiền, tôi sẽ mua chiếc xe đó (Thực tế điều này không xảy ra)
Loại 3: Past- Unreal ( Quá khứ không thật)
Câu điều kiện diễn tả một điều không thực và không hề xảy ra trong quá khứ
Trang 2True:
- They did not study They failed the exam
Tình huống có thật:
-Họ không học bài Họ thi rớt.
Conditional:
- If they had stuđie, they wouldn’t have failed the exam
Điều kiện:
Nếu họ đã học bài, họ không thi rớt
+ Ngoài If, chúng ta còn có UNLESS = If not
Ví dụ:
- If you are not hurried, you will be late
Nếu bạn không nhanh lên, bạn sẽ trễ
= Unless you are hurried, you will be late
+Chúng ta có thể dùng can=will, could/ might=would.
Ví dụ:
- He will help you if he can.
Anh ấy sẽ giúp bạn nếu anh ấy có thể
- If I were a brid, I could fly home
Nếu tôi là chim, tôi có thể bay về nhà
( could = would be able to → khả năng )
- If you were a better student, you might get a scholarship
Nếu bạn là một sinh viên giỏi hơn, bạn có thể có học bổng
( might= maybe you would → khả năng có thể xảy ra )
II Câu bị động
Gerund rule
S + be + Vpp + ( by O )
(Vpp: Past participle)
Note:
- Đặt từ ở câu chủ động ở thì (tense) hay thể (form) nào thì “be” ở câu bị động ở thì hay thể đó
- Khi ta không xem người thực hiện hành động (does) là quan trọng, thì “ by object” có thể bỏ
đi ( eg does=personal pronoun: he, she, they, we, people; no-one )
Example:
a.The simple present
She cleans the floor everyday
( S + V / Vs / es )
Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday.
(S + am/is/are/ +PP )
b.The present continous.
Trang 3Mr.Baker is repairing the car
Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker ( S + am/ is/ are + being + PP )
c.The present perfect
Someone has stolen the bicycles ( S+ has/have + P.P )
Passive: The bicycles have been stolen ( S+ has/have + been + PP )
d.The simple past
Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)
Passive: where were the drugs found ? ( S+ was/ were + PP )
e.The past continuous
They were preparing luch when I came there yesterday (S+was/were + V-ing )
Passive: Luch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.( S+ was/ were + being +
PP )
f The past perfect
She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm ( S+ had + PP )
Passive: Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m (S+ had been + PP )
g Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to,
Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should + bare-infinitive + object
Passive: S + will/would, shall/shoul + be + past participle (+ by object).
Ex: Police will destroy these drugs
Passive: the drugs will be destroyed by police.
1 Put the verbs in the correct form
1 If you drove more carefully, you (not, have) _ _ _ so may accidents 2.He would get to work on time if he (get) _ _ _ up early
3.If we (have) _ more time, I could tell you more about it
4.If you (sell) _ _ _ more products, you’d earn more money
5.I could help you if you (trust) _ _ _ me more
6.His car would be a lot safer if he (buy) _ _ _ some tires
7.The children would be better swimmer if they (go) _ _ swimming more frequently
8.We wouldn’t mind having children if we (live) in the country
9.If I (be) _ _ _ you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university
10 If they gave me a job I (take) _ it
11 The weather isn’t nice I (take) a walk if the weather (be)
nice
12 My wife and I want to buy a house, but houses are too expensive We (buy) _
a new house if we (have) _ _ _ enough money
13 Life (be) boring if everyone (have) the same
opinions about everything
14 If I (be) you, I (tell) Brian the truth
Trang 415 Airline tickets are very expensive If they (be) _ _ cheap, I (fly)
to Singapore
16 I am very tired tonight If I (not, be) _ tired, I (go) _ _ to the movie with you
17 I don’t have enough time If I (have) _ enough time, I (go)
to the park
18 It isn’t Saturday If it (be) _ _ Saturday, I (go) _ _ to the beach
19 I have to go to class today If I (not, have to) _ _ go to class today, I (go) _ _ shopping or (visit) my friend
20 I don’t understand that sentence If I (understand) that sentence,
I (explain) it to you
21 If I (know) that you were ill last week, I (go) _
_ to see you
22 Tom (not, enter) for the examination if he (know) that it would be so difficult
23 Paul got to the station in time If he (miss) the train, he (be) late for his interview
24 It’s good that Mary reminded me about Daisy’s Birthday I (forget)
if she (not, remind) me
25 The weather was bad We (go) _ _ camping if the weather (not, be) _ _ so bad
26 I (send) you a postcard while I was on holiday if I (have) _ _ your address
27 You (have) a good time if you (be) _ _ at the party last night
28 I didn’t know it was your birthday I (get) _ you a present if (I know) _ it was your birthday
2 Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that they don’t change the meaning
29 He doesn’t have the money and he cannot afford a new car
>> If
30 I cannot go to the beach with you this weekend because I have a date with my old
classmate
>> If
31 I never get very lonely because I have lots of good friends
>> If
32 The match can be cancelled because it rains heavily
>>If
33 Because Simon doesn’t live near his mother, he can’t visit her often
>> If
Trang 534 I don’t have free time, so I can’t go to see him.
>> If
35 I am poor; I can’t travel around the world
>> If
36 I am not a millionaire, I can’t help all people
>> If
37 I am not old enough; I can’t decide my own life
>> If
38 I am very tired so I can’t finish my work
>> If
39 She didn’t eat anything because she wasn’t hungry
>> If
40 The accident happened because the drive in front stopped so suddenly
>> If
3 Rewrite the sentences using passive voice
21 Ann invited Tom to the party yesterday
22 No one has signed the cheque
23 They gave the job to Amy and Bob
24 People think that someone murdered Mr Smith
25 Someone repaired her car yesterday
26 Ann can’t use her office at the moment
27 She made a lot of mistakes in the examination
28 Someone has locked the door
29 People play football all over the world
30 Our country exports rice to many countries in the world
31 Students often use a ruler to draw a straight line
………
32 We write letters to our friends twice a month
………
33 When did people build that museum?
Trang 6
34 Teachers gave students a lot of homework last term.
35 People ban smoking in this restaurant
36 You should leave your shoes before entering the room
………
37 People held the 1998 World Cup in France
………
38 My father waters these flowers every morning
………
39 Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen
………
40 We should brush our teeth twice a day
………
41 Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city
………
42 Tom will visit his parents next month
………
43 Our teacher has explained the English grammar
………
44 The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning
………
45 Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?
………
46 Have you finished the above sentences?
………
47 Are you going to repair those shoes?
………
48 How many languages do people speak in Canada?
………
49 Some people will interview the new president on TV
………
50 The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week
III To infinitive
Eg I listen to classical music to feel relaxed
( I listen to classical music to feel/ in order to feel/ so as to feel relaxed)
IV Wh- questions
Question words are also called wh questions because they include the letters 'W' and 'H'.
Trang 7Who person Who's that? That's Nancy
Why reason Why do you sleep early? Because I've got to get
up early
How manner How do you go? By car
what object, idea or action What do you do? I am an engineer
which choice Which one do you prefer? The red one
whose possession Whose is this book? It's Alan's
whom object of the verb Whom did you meet? I met the manager
what kind description What kind of music do you like? I like quiet songs
how many quantity (countable) How many students are there? There are twenty
how much amount, price
(uncountable) How much time have we got? Ten minutes
how long duration, length How long did you stay in that hotel? For two
weeks
how often frequency How often do you go to the gym? Twice a week
how far distance How far is your school? It's one mile far
how come reason How come I didn't see at the party?
Với động từ to be Wh + be + S( +…)
Với động từ khuyết thiếu Wh + can/will/could… + S + V + ( + …)
Với động từ thường Wh + do/does/did + S + V ( +…)
Wh- question: Make Wh-question for the following sentences:
11.She will be married to a rich man >> Who
12.Tom goes to the library twice a week >> How often
13 I went to school late because I missed the bus >> Why
14 She is a doctor >> What
15 They were watching a game show >> What
16.He like studying Math >> What subject
17 The weather is very nice in this country >> What
18.She was born in Dam Doi In 1985 >> Where and when
19 She wanted to become an English teacher >> Who
Trang 820 They are cutting trees in the forest for wood >> For what
21.There are forty-five students in my class >> How many
22.They do their homework at night >> When
23.Mr Robertson came to the party alone >>Who
The car is across the street from the house Where
V Adjective of attitude ( Tính từ chỉ thái độ -ed/-ing) Eg I am interested in the film The film made me interested Eg I find the film interesting The film is interesting It is an interesting film P ut the word in appropriate form of adjective 21 He was so …that he couldn’t sleep [EXCITE] 22 The match was so… That she couldn’t wait to tell everyone about it [EXCITE] 23 It’s …that Liz chose Rome for a holiday [INTEREST] 24 His wife was so… to hear Paul had got a new job [THRILL] 25 Patterson was …with my present [THRILL] VI It was not until…… that ……: Mãi đến khi…… thì………
It was not until + time/ S + V2/ed…… that + S + V2/ed……
Ex: The cinema did not become an industry until 1915 It was not until 1915 that the cinema became an industry Ex: He didn’t know how to swim until he was 30 It was not until he was 30 that he knew how to swim 60 She didn’t recover her confidence until that morning It was not until………
61 He didn’t arrive at the office until half past nine It was not until………
62 Mary didn’t work for the UN until 2004 It was not until………
63 I didn’t know how to ride a bicycle until I was 15 It was not until ………
64 John didn’t finish reading my book until last Saturday It was not until………
65 I didn’t like chocolate until I went to university It was not until………
66 No one could leave the stadium until 2.30
Trang 9It was not until………
67 She wasn’t allowed to open her presents until her birthday
It was not until………
68 We didn’t have any holidays until last summer
It was not until………
69 She didn’t stop learning German until the age of 24
It was not until………
70 I couldn’t finish my project until Mark helped me
It was not until………
71 the didn’t pay the bill until the electricity was cut off
It was not until………
72 I didn’t sleep until midnight
It was not until………
VII a/ an, the:
1 a/ an: được dùng khi người/ vật được đề cập lần đầu tiên “AN” đứng trước
nguyên âm(a,o, e, u, i)
Ex: I have a pencil and an eraser
2 the: khi người/ vật đó được nhắc đến kể từ lần thứ 2 hoặc được xác định qua ngữ cảnh
Ex: - I have a pencil and an eraser The pencil costs 3,500 VND and the eraser is 2,000
VND
- The title of the film is Titanic
Put A, An, The or put nothing
1 This is …easy question
2 Please speak … little louder
3 May I have your …phone number?
4 May I ask you …question?
5 I have never seen … UFO
Put in “a”, “an” or “the” in each blank.
1 How far is it from here to airport?
2 She was born in _ village in _ north of England
3 _ village where she was born has beautiful river
4 Can you switch off _ television? Nobody’s watching it
5 He felt bored with woman who sat beside him at the party
6 Mount Everest is highest mountain in _ world.
7 My grandparents live in _ old house in _ south of Dong Nai provice There is large garden behind _ house They grow some fruit trees and vegetables in _ garden
8 There was _ accident near my house this morning _ taxi crashed into lamp post _ taxi was damaged, but driver of taxi was not hurt
Trang 10VIII Will and be going to:
1 be going to: diễn tả một dự định