Phát triển thị trường sức lao động ở tỉnh đồng nai trong quá trình công nghiệp hoá, hiện đại hoá

TOUTdW DAI HOC KJNH TE QUOC DM ca LE THI HONG PHAT TRIEN THI TRUING SUC LAO DONG TINH DONG NAI TRONG QUA TRINH CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA ?- f ** r JW _ Chuyen nganh: M X F F KINH TE CHINH TR| I>AI HOtKJQD^ I THONG TIN THl/VIEN I LUAN VAN THAC ST KINH tE • • Ngudi htfdng dan khoa hoc: TS TRAN VIET TIEN Ha JV&i - 2007 MUC LUC • • Trang DANH MUC BANG, BIEU TOM TAT LU AN VAN M() DAU CHUONG1: NHUNG VAN DE CO BAN VE PHAT TRIEN THI TRUING SUC LAO DONG O TINH DONG NAITRONG QUA TRINH CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA r r x \ r r 1.1 Mot so van de co ban ve thi trudng sue lao dong va tinh tat yeu khach quan phat trien thi trudng sue lao dong d tinh Dong Nai 1.1.1 Mot so van de co ban ve thi trudng sue lao dong z z 1.1.2 Tinh tat yeu khach quan phat trien thi trudng sue lao dong d X tinh Dong Nai qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa .20 Z e Z 1.2 Dac diem va cac nhan to anh hudng den su phat trien thi trudng X sue lao dong d tinh Dong Nai 27 7 X 1.2.1 Dac diem phat trien thi trudng sue lao dong d tinh Dong Nai 27 „ ' z 1.2.2 Nhung nhan to anh hudng den su phat trien thi trudng sue lao dong d tinh Dong Nai 30 e X Z X 1.3 Kinh nghiem ve phat trien thi trudng sue lao dong d Ho Chi Minh va tinh Binh Duong 34 1.3.1 Tong quan kinh nghiem ve phat trien thi trudng sue lao dong d Ho Chi Minh va tinh Binh Duong 34 1.3.2 Nhung bai hoc rut sau nghien cuu kinh nghiem ve Z X phat trien thi trudng sue lao dong d Ho Chi Minh va tinh Binh Duong 40 CHU'O’NG 2: THtfC THI• TRUING SUC LAO BONG • TRANG • • O TINH BONG NAI 43 r r x 2.1 Nhung dieu kien tu nhien, kinh te - xa hoi tac dong den thi truong X sue lao dong d tinh Dong Nai 43 2.1.1 Dieu kien tu nhien 43 2.1.2 Dieu kien kinh te 44 2.1.3 Dieu kien xa hoi 46 2.2 Tinh hinh thi truong sue lao dong d tinh Dong Nai tu sau doi moi den 49 2.2.1 Ve cung ung sue lao dong tren thi trudng 49 X X 2.2.2 Ve nhu cau su dung sue lao dong 55 r x 2.2.3 Tien luong, thu nhap va anh hudng cua no den su di chuyen lao dong tren thi truong suc lao dong 65 2.3 Danh gia ve thi truong suc lao dong d tinh Dong Nai thoi gian qua 68 2.3.1 INhmg tuu dat duoc vv nnuyen nhan 68 2.3.2 Nhung; l^n che cua thi trucrng; sue ao dong, d tinli Dong; Nai nguyen nhan 70 CHEONG 3: PHUONG HUO»NG VA GIAI PHAP NHAM BAY MANH PHAT TRIEN THI TRUING SUC LAO BONG TINH BONG NAI TRONG QUA TRINH CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN BAI HOA 75 X 3.1 Phn^ornn ^01^ ppht tritin thi tmunn shulaodonn d 11 rib Ddnn Nno qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dni hoa 75 3.1.1 Phht trien thj trudon sutcIaaddon thco hirdnn kkai thht, s s dunn; r hcp ly phat huy co hieu qua cac lci the cua tinh, dac biet ln tiem nang lao dong dni dno nham thuc day cong nghiep hoa, hien dni hoa thuc day tang truong phat trieri kinh te - xa hoi 75 •> 3.1.2 Phat trien thi trudng sue lao dong phni dua tren co so ton co che van hanh khach quan cua thi trudng sue lao dong 77 3.1.3 Phat trien thi trudng suc lao dong theo huong gan voi viec r r hoan thien va nang cao chat luqng hoat dong cua he thong dich vu va moi gioi thi trudng suc lao dong 80 3.1.4 Phat trien thi trudng suc lao dong theo huong xay dung nen kinh te thi trudng dinh huong xa hoi chu nghia 81 X 9 3.2 Cac giai ppap co ban nhanmlaymanh ppat tricin thi tru^ong su’claodonn o tinh Dong Nai qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa 82 3.2.1 Cac gini phap ve co che chinh sach 82 3.2.2 Cac gini phap ve kinh te 91 3.2.3 Nang cao nang luc qunn ly cua Nha nuoc doi voi thi trudng suc lao dong; va vai tro cua cac to chuc dai dien cho ngudi lao dong va to chuc dai dien cho ngudi su dung lao dong 99 3.2.4 Hoan thien va nang cao chat luqng hoat dong cua he thong dich vu moi gioi thi trudng suc lao dong 100 3.2.5 Nang cao tinh nang dong cua ngudi lao dong va nha doanh nghiep tren thi trudng suc Ioo dong 104 3.2.6 Cac gini phap ve tam ly 105 KET LUAN 106 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 108 DANH MUC BANG, BIEU Bieu 2.1: Cung thirc te ve lao dong tren thi trudng sue lao dong Dong Nai 1991-2006 50 Bieu 2.2: Cung thuc te ve lao dong tren thi trudng sue lao dong Dong Nai phan theo khu vuc thi - nong thon 50 Bieu 2.3: Cung tiem nang ve lao dong tren thi trudng sue lao dong Dong Nai nam 2000 - 2006 52 Bieu 2.4: Co cau lire luong lao dong chia theo trinh giao due thong cua Dong Nai (%) 53 Bieu 2.5: Trinh chuyen mon ky thuat cua nhung ngudi 15 tuoi trd len chia theo khu vuc, theo vung d Dong Nai, nam 2004 54 Bieu 2.6: Tong so viec lam hang nam d Dong Nai tir 1991 - 2006 55 Bieu 2.7: Co cau viec lam (cau lao dong) theo nhom nganh kinh te d Dong Nai thdiky 1990-2005 56 Bieu 2.8: Lao dong san xuat cong nghiep theo phan kinh te d Dong Nai tir 1995-2006 59 Bieu 2.1: Trinh hoc van cua lao dong cac khu cong nghiep Dong Nai (nam 2005) 61 Bieu 2.9: Co cau va trinh lao dong cong nghiep Dong Nai nam 2006 63 Bieu 2.2: Ty le that nghiep va ty le su dung thdi gian lao dong d nong thon qua cac nam (giai doan 1991 - 2006) d Dong Nai 64 Bieu 2.10: Tien luong, tien cong binh quan thang cua lao dong lam cong an luong d Dong Nai chia theo khu vuc, vung kinh te, gidi tinh va trinh hoc van 65 mcdw DAI HOC KIMI TE QUOC DM LU LE THI HONG PHAT TRIEN THI TRUONG Sfc LAO DONG D TINH DONG NAI TRONG QUA TRINH _ J* CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA < r ChuySn nganh: KINH TE CHINH TR| TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC ST • • Ha N&i - 2(H)7 MO DAU Tifnh cap ttiie't cua de tai: Qua trinh xay dtfng nen kinh te thi truing dinh htfdng xa hoi chu nghia va hoi nhap kinh te quoc te cua ntfdc ta doi hoi phai xay dtfng va van hanh dong bo cac loai thi trtfdng, co thi trtfdng stfc lao dong - mot thi trtfdng dtfdc xem nhtf la dau tau, rong ldn va quan nhat Do la nhiem vu rat can thiet va cap bach Nam boi canh chung cua ca nudc, trtfdc giai doan doi mdi, thi trtfdng stfc lao dong va quan he cung - cau stfc lao dong d tinh Dong Nai chtfa dtfdc thtfa nhan Do khong phat huy dtfdc toi da tiem nang nguon nhan ltfc Vdi the manh cua mot tinh co tiem nang ldn ve cong nghiep, lai nam vung kinh te diem, Dong Nai co tfu the viec don nhan nguon nhan ltfc, tri tue cua moi mien dat ntfdc hoi tu ve cung vdi nhan dan dia phtfdng xay dtfng va phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Cung vdi qua trinh doi mdi, thi trtfdng stfc lao dong d Dong Nai ttfng budc dtfdc hinh thanh, di vao hoat dong, gop phan giai quyet viec lam, btfdc dau mang lai nhtfng hieu qua tich ctfc Song thi trtfdng stfc lao dong d Dong Nai van d tinh trang sd khai, mang tinh ttf phat, chtfa co stf kiem tra, htfdng dan va quan ly cua Nha ntfdc mot cach chat che va hieu qua No dang phai doi mat vdi nhieu van de nhtf: gitfa cung - cau lao dong mat can doi, phan bo ltfc ltfdng lao dong cho cac nganh, vung bat cap; gia ca stfc lao dong chtfa phan anh dung mtfc dong gop va tich cua ngtfdi lao dong; he thong cong cu cua thi trtfdng stfc lao dong hieu qua hoat dong chtfa cao; nhieu khu cong nghiep dang thieu lao dong mot cach tram ii Hien nay, trtfdc yeu cau cua giai doan day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat ntfdc, phat trien kinh te thi trtfdng dinh htfdng xa hoi chu nghia va chu dong hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, thi trtfdng stfc lao dong cang can dude hoan thien va phat trien Do viec tiep tuc lam ro cd sd ly luan va thud tien, phan tich danh gia thtfc trang cua van de thi trtfdng stfc lao dong va de nhffng giai phap phu hdp nham phat trien loai hmh thi trtfdng dac biet d tinh Dong Nai la mot van de cap thiet Vi vay “Phat trien thi triidng site lao dong d tinh Dong Nai qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa ” dtfdc chon lam de tai luan van Tinh hinh nghien ctfu cua de tai: De tai thoi gian qua da co nhieu cong trinh nghien cuu, de cap d nhung goc khac nhau, nhung chua co cong trinh nao nghien cuu true tiep a r a e ve viec giai quyet cac noi dung cua de tai “ Phat trien thi trifling site lao dong d tinh Dong Nai qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa ” Do r r do, viec di sau nghien cuu, phan tich, danh gia cac yeu to tac dong va thuc A A A trang cua thi trudng sue lao dong d Dong Nai, tu de xuat cac giai phap phu hop Do la cai moi cua de tai Muc dfch nghien ctfu cua luan van - Lam ro nhtfng van de ly luan va thtfc tien ve phat trien thi trtfdng stfc lao dong d tinh Dong Nai Khang dinh tinh tat yeu phai phat trien thi trtfdng stfc lao dong d tinh Dong Nai qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa - Phan tich, danh gia thi trtfdng stfc lao dong d tinh Dong Nai - De phtfdng htfdng giai phap nham day manh phat trien thi trtfdng stfc lao dong d tinh Dong Nai qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa Pham vi va doi ttftfng nghien ctfu - Phat trien thi trtfdng stfc lao dong d Dong Nai - Thdi gian: Ttf sau doi mdi den iii Phffdng phap nghien cull cua luan van; - Tren cd sd cac nguyen ly cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin, Tit tffdng Ho Chi Minh va nhffng quan diem cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam, nhffng chu trffdng chinh sach cua Nha nffdc ve thi trffdng sffc lao dong - Suf dung cac phffdng phap nghien cull cua kinh te chinh tri nhff: PhUdng phap phan tich va tong hdp; trffu tffdng hoa khoa hoc; ket hdp logic vdi lich suf Dong gop cua luan van: - Lam ro nhffng van de cd ban ve phat trien thi trffdng sffc lao dong d tinh Dong Nai - Danh gia thffc trang thi trffdng sffc lao dong d tinh Dong Nai, tren cd sd tim phffdng hffdng giai phap nham day manh phat trien thi trffdng sffc lao dong d tinh Dong Nai qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nffdc - Gop phan cung cap them nhffng cd sd khoa hoc cho cac cd quan, ban nganh tinh tham khao, hoach dinh chinh sach nham phat trien thi trffdng sffc lao dong phuc vu cho sff nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa va chu dong hoi nhap kinh te quoc te cua tinh nha Ket cau cua luan van: Ngoai phan md dau, ket luan va nhffng danh muc tai lieu tham khao, luan van gom chffdng Chiicfng 1: Nhffng van de cd ban ve phat trien thi trffdng sffc lao dong d tinh Dong Nai Chiicfng 2: Thffc trang thi trffdng sffc lao dong d tinh Dong Nai Chiicfng 3: Phffdng hffdng va giai phap nham day manh phat trien thi trffdng sffc lao dong d tinh Dong Nai qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa iv CHUONG1 NHUNG VAN DE CO BAN VE PHAT TRIEN THI TRtrdNG SlTC LAO dong o tInh dong nai qua trinh CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA 1.1 Mot so van de co1 ban ve thi trudng sire lao dong va tinh tat yeu khach quan phat trien thi trudng sue lao dong o’ tinh Dong Nai 1.1.1 Mot so van de co1 ban ve thi trudng sire lao dong 1.1.1.1 Khai niem thi trudng sue lao dong: Thi truong sue lao dong la mot bo phan cua he thong thi trudng, dien qua trinh trao doi giua mot ben la ngudi lao dong tu ( ngudi ban sue lao dong ) va mot ben la ngudi cd nhu cau sir dung sure lao dong ( ngudi mua sue lao dong ) Su trao doi dupe thoa thuan tren cor sd cac moi quan he lao dong nhu: tien cong, X X X tien luong, dieu kien lam viec, bao hiem xa hoi Thong qua mot hop dong lao dong bang van ban hoac bang mieng 1.1.1.2 Tinh quy luqt h'inh thi trudng sire lao dong r r r x Thi trudng sure lao dong ddi la mot tat yeu cua nen kinh te thi trudng r •> r x ma san xuat hang hoa dat den trinh phat trien cao Hang hoa can mua va ban tren thi trudng la sue lao dong, la cai san sinh cong nang de san r r xuat kinh doanh Do do, khong the cd thi trudng sue lao dong neu khong co hang hoa sue lao dong 1.1.1.3 Cacyeu to cau va sir hoat dong cua thi trudng sire lao dong x X * Cung ve su-c lao dong: Cung ve sue lao dong cung chinh la lire luong X lao dong xa hoi, la toan bo nhung ngudi co kha nang lao dong va co nhu cau ve viec lam, bao gom ca nhung ngudi va ngoai tudi lao dong x x XX r e * Cau ve site lao dong: La nhu cau ve sue lao dong cua mot quoc gia, X mot dia phuong, mot nganh hay mot doanh nghiep vdi nhung muc tien cong khac mot khoang thdi gian nhat dinh Nhu cau the hien qua kha nang thue mudn lao dong tren thi trudng sue lao dong 97 qua trinh canh tranh kinh te quoc te, mat khac phai co doi ngu nguoi lao dong duqc dao tao ky nang lao dong chuyen nghiep va co kha nang thich nghi vdi su thay doi, cung nhu biet tao su thay doi lam nen nang luc, hieu qua va sue canh tranh cua doanh nghiep Vi vay, phat trien kinh te doi ngoai, tich cue hoi nhap kinh te quoc te la giai phap quan de nang cao chat luong cung - cau lao dong 3.2.2.2 Phat trien ddng bo cac loai thi trudng Thi trudng sue lao dong chi cd the ton tai, phat trien duoc mdi quan he huu co, ddng bo vdi cac loai thi trudng khac Trong nen kinh te thi trudng cac loai thi trudng phat trien mot each ddng bo va cd su tac dong huu co vdi nhau, thi trudng sue lao dong cd vi tri quan trong, cd tac dong chi phoi cac loai thi trudng khac Bdi vi, khong cd sue lao dong thi khong cd san xuat de tao cac thi trudng hang hoa khac Sue lao dong la dau vao cd tinh quyet dinh doi vdi san xuat va cac hoat dong khac cua xa hoi va do thi trudng sue lao dong cd tac dong chi phoi cac thi trudng hang hoa dich vu Mot thi trudng sue lao dong lanh manh, cd chat luong, van hanh thong suot se tao nen cac loai hang hoa cd chat cao, gia Do chinh la yeu to tao nen mot thi trudng hang hoa cd chat luong cao, hoat dong lanh manh, dap ung yeu cau khong ngtrng tang len cua thi trudng va xa hoi Nguqc lai, mot thi trudng sue lao dong so r r r r r khai, vdi chat luong lao dong thap, van hanh khong thong suot tat yeu se tao mot thi trudng hang hoa thap kern, khong dap ung duqc nhu cau cua xa hoi cang tang, buoc ngudi ta phai tim kiem va hudng thi trudng hang hoa khac Dieu giai thich vi sao, ngudi Viet Nam thich dung hang ngoai, bdi vi hang hoa san xuat nudc vdi chat luong lao dong thap, lai mang tinh bao cap, kern canh tranh, lam an thieu trung thuc nen du da dau tu cong nghe cao ma san pham van kem chat luong hoac chat luong khong on dinh Mat khac, thi trudng sue lao dong lai la yeu to dau cua cac loai thi trudng hang hoa khac Trong nen kinh te thi trudng, muc cau cua hang hoa va dich vu muc tieu dung quyet dinh (ca tieu dung ca nhan va tieu dung san xuat) Muc thu 98 nhap phu thuoc vao thu nhap cua nguoi lao dong, cung tuc la phu thuoc vao ket qua cua thi truong sue lao dong Mot thi truong sue lao dong phat trien ca luong va chat se cho thu nhap cao, quan he cung - cau sue lao dong tuong doi hop ly (it that nghiep) se lam cho cau ve hang hoa va dich vu tang len Dieu se co tac dung kich thich tang cung ve hang hoa va dich vu, la dieu kien cho doanh nghiep md rong san xuat va tang cau ve sue lao dong, cang tao nhieu cong an viec lam, giam that nghiep, tang thu nhap cho ngudi lao dong va tao nen mot thi trudng sue lao dong phat trien nang dong va chat luqng cang cao Trai lai, mot thi trudng sue lao dong yeu kem, vdi chat luqng sue lao dong thap thi doanh nghiep kho chon duoc lao dong vua y, that nghiep se cang tang va do thu nhap cua ngudi lao dong thap, sue mua giam, cau cua thi trudng hang hoa va dich vu giam, doanh nghiep khong phat trien duoc, anh hudng den su tang trudng kinh te noi chung va ddi song cua ngudi lao dong noi rieng Thi trudng sue lao dong cung anh hudng true tiep tdi thi trudng von, thi trudng khoa hoc cong nghe Ddi vdi thi trudng von: Ngudi lao dong cd thu nhap cao, chi tieu hop ly, cd khoan tien tiet kiem de tham gia thi trudng von, lam cho thi trudng von tang trudng va soi dong Nguoc lai, ngudi lao dong it viec lam, thu nhap thap, ddi song kho khan, chang nhung khong dong gop vao thi trudng von ma cung khong dam vay von de kinh doanh va do lam cho thi trudng von khong phat trien va d trang thai im ang Ddi vdi thi trudng khoa hoc cong nghe: Thi trudng sue lao dong vira la bo phan cau cua nd vi thi trudng sue lao dong cd luc luqng lao dong tri thuc tham gia, vua tac dong true tiep thdng qua viec lua chon nhung hang hoa sue lao dong du chat luqng dap ung yeu cau cua thi trudng khoa hoc cong nghe Nguqc lai hinh mot thi trudng khoa hoc cong nghe dich thuc cung tao dieu kien cho thi trudng sue lao dong tuyen chon va cung ung lao dong chat xam cd chat luqng cao, gop phan dap ung yeu cau phat trien cua thi trudng sue lao dong Tuy nhien thi trudng khoa hoc cong nghe phat trien manh me se doi hoi lao dong cd chuyen mon ky thuat cao, sd luqng lao dong gian don se giam manh, ddi hoi thi trudng sue lao dong phai cd budc phat trien manh me ve chat 99 3.2.3 Nang cao nang lye quan ly cua Nha nirdc doi voi thi trudng sire lao dong; va vai tro cua cac to chuc dai dien cho ngudi lao dong va to chuc dai dien cho ngiroi sir dung lao dong Nen kinh te thi trudng vira co mat tich cue, vira co mat han che, do rat can co su quan ly cua nha nudc de phat huy uu the va khac phuc khuyet tat cua nd Trong he thong thi trudng, thi trudng sue lao dong la mot loai thi trudng mdi duoc thtra nhan la mot loai thi trudng hang hoa dac biet - hang hoa sue lao dong, gan vdi ngudi, thi tang cudng vai tro quan ly cua nha nudc lai cang trd nen quan De nang cao nang luc quan ly nha nudc doi vdi thi trudng sue lao dong Dong Nai, van de can thiet hien la: - Thudng xuyen to chuc dieu tra, khao sat de nam vung cung - cau lao dong ca \ r r r r r \ ve so luong, chat luong, co cau, nam vung su bien dong cung - cau lao dong tung thdi diem cung nhu du bao su bien dong tuong lai de cd co sd khoa hoc quy hoach, phat trien, phan bo va su dung nguon nhan luc - Tang cudng cdng tac giao due phap luat lao dong, bien quan triet cac van ban phap quy cd lien quan den lao dong, the che thi trudng sue lao dong de nang cao trinh hieu biet cho ngudi lao dong va ngudi su dung lao dong nham nang cao kha nang thuc thi cac van ban Dong thdi, tang cudng cdng tac kiem tra, tra viec thi hanh phap luat lao dong va su ly nghiem minh, kip thdi cac vi pham phap luat lao dong - Quan ly cd hieu luc va hieu qua cac cdng cu cua thi trudng sue lao dong nhu quan ly cac trung tam dich vu viec lam, cac doanh nghiep xuat khau lao dong, he thong thong tin thi trudng sue lao dong - Thudng xuyen giao due tac phong cdng nghiep cho doi ngu cdng nhan va dong thdi cd bien phap bao ve quyen loi chinh dang cua ngudi cdng nhan qua td chuc Dang, cdng doan, doan nien, nhat la doi vdi cdng nhan khu vuc ngoai quoc doanh va dau tu nudc ngoai - Ho trq kinh phi dao tao nang cao trinh tay nghe cho can bo quan ly, ky su, cdng nhan ky thuat cho cac doanh nghiep, cac hoat dong tham quan trao doi va hoc hoi kinh nghiem d nudc ngoai duoc tinh chap nhan 100 - Nghien cuu xay dung chinh sach ve thu hut nhan tai, chinh sach nuoi duong, ho tro cong tac dao tao phat trien nguon nhan luc cho tuong lai, quan tam thu hut doi ngu chuyen gia lanh nghe, cac nha nghien cuu khoa hoc - Quan tam dau tu dam bao doi song an sinh cho nguoi lao dong nhap cu (tu nong thon ve thi, tu cac tinh, khac den Dong Nai lap nghiep): Xay dung nha d cho cong nhan, dam bao co dieu kien ve y te, giao duc, an toan trat tu, giao thong, ket hon giup cho nguoi lao dong bdt kho khan, giam bdt ganh nang tam ly “ lo toan cuoc song ” de ho yen tam lam viec va sinh song tren manh dat Dong Nai - noi “ dat lanh, chim dau ” Trong qua trinh phat trien thi truong suc lao dong tinh can xac dinh ro rang hon vai tro cua cac to chuc cong doan he thong cong doan phai duoc phat trien rong khap thong qua viec khuyen khich su phat trien cua cong doan tai cac doanh nghiep tu nhan, doanh nghiep co von dau tu nudc ngoai, hoan thien he thong cong doan co sd cac doanh nghiep nha nudc theo hudng tang tinh tu chu va doc lap; noi dung va phuong thuc hoat dong cua cong doan phai duoc doi mdi cho phu hop vdi su phat trien cua nen kinh te thi truong dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia Ben canh do, vdi viec phat trien nen kinh te nhieu phan hien nay, vai tro cua to chuc dai dien gidi chu su dung lao dong vdi tu cach la mot ben tham gia thi truong suc lao dong (vi du: Hoi cac chu doanh nghiep tre Dong Nai, Hoi Lien minh Hop tac xa Dong Nai ) cung phai duoc nang cao hon, cac chuc nang, nhiem vu phai duoc quy dinh mot cach ro rang Khuyen khich cac hinh thuc thoa thuan giua dai dien cong doan, nguoi lao dong va nguoi su dung lao dong Day manh moi lien ket giua quan ly vdi lao dong doanh nghiep, de hai hoa loi ich cua nguoi lao dong va nguoi su dung lao dong cac co sd kinh te 3.2.4 Hoan thien vanang cao chat luong hoat dong cua he thong dich vu moi gidi Vdi Vrudng sdu lao Cong Tinh can chu y cac hoat dong sau: r * •> r Cung cd va phat trien he thdng dich vu viec lam: He thong dich vu viec lam doi va phat trien theo yeu cau khach quan cua xa hoi Tuy nhien, day co the coi la loai dich vu nhay cam, dac biet, do, can co chu 101 truong ho tro, huong dan cua Nha nudc Bdi vay, Nghi dinh so 72/CP 31/10/1995 cua Chinh phu quy dinh chi tiet va hudng dan thi hanh mot so dieu cua Bo Luat Lao dong ve viec lam da duoc thay the bang Nghi dinh sd 39/2003/ND-CP 18/04/2003 cua Chinh phu Xuat phat tir vai tro cua he thdng dich vu viec lam doi vdi viec hoan thien thi trudng sue lao dong, thdi gian tdi, can nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua he thdng dich vu viec lam d Dong Nai, thdng qua nhung noi dung sau: - Quy hoach lai he thdng dich vu viec lam tren dia ban tinh - Ddi mdi md hinh to chuc he thdng co sd dich vu viec lam theo hudng xac dinh rd muc tieu, chuc nang hoat dong cua cac trung tam dich vu viec lam cong va doanh nghiep dich vu viec lam tu, giup he thdng dich vu viec lam trd nen linh hoat, co dong, thich ung nhanh nhay, thuan tien cho ca ngudi lao dong va ngudi su dung lao dong Z ~ A A Doi vdi cac trung tam dich vu viec lam cong, tinh can cd su ho tro ve co sd vat chat, trang thiet bi hoat dong, bo tri, dao tao can bo nham phat huy tinh nhan van the hien muc dich hoat dong cua nd, tao nen su tin cay tir phia khach hang Ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep dich vu viec lam tu nhan, chi nen cap giay phep cho nhung doanh nghiep that sir la nha mdi gidi, tuc la hoat dong chuyen doanh ve dich vu viec lam - Tang cudng quan ly hoat dong cua he thdng dich vu viec lam bangcach tra, kiem tra dieu kien hoat dong, kien quyet nghiem tri cac to chuc, ca nhan vi pham quy dinh cua nha nudc ve gidi thieu viec lam, gay thiet hai cho ngudi lao dong (nhu cac dich vu viec lam cho cac doanh nghiep thue lai lao dong ) * Phat trien he thdng thdng tin,thdng ke thi trudng sue lao dong Viec dieu chinh cac hoat dong cua thi trudng sue lao dong ddi hoi phai cd mot he thdng ca sd du lieu va thdng tin day du, cap nhat, cd tin cay cao Do la cac thdng tin ve cung - cau lao dong, ve cu cau viec lam, ve dao tao day nghe, di chuyen lao dong, tien cong, tien luong, chd lam viec mdi, cho lam viec Thdng qua cac sd lieu ve dan sd, hoat dong kinh te, thdng tin thi trudng sue lao Z A dong cung cap cu sd de xac dinh cung lao dong, la nen tang de hinh cac 102 chinh sach ve phat trien nguon nhan luc Cac thong tin thi trudng sue lao dong can thiet viec xay dung va danh gia cac chinh sach tao viec lam, dao tao nghe va nang cao tay nghe, cac chinh sach ve ho tro thu nhap, xoa doi giam ngheo Trong nhung nam gan day, Viet Nam da buoc dau bat tay vao viec xay dung he thong thong tin - thong ke thi truong sue lao dong Tai Bo lao dong - Thuong binh va xa hoi, Trung tam Thong tin - Thong ke da duoc lap va da co nhung hoat dong ban dau De tao dieu kien thuan loi cho thi truong sue lao dong phat trien, Dong Nai can day manh va doi mdi cac hoat dong thu thap, xu ly thong tin theo hudng dong bo, thong nhat, kip thdi, chinh xac Thuc hien rong rai viec thong tin ve thi trudng sue lao dong hang thang, cai tien de ngudi lao dong tiep can duoc thong tin va tim kiem duoc viec lam * Td chuc thuong xuyen, cd dinh ky va nang cao chat luong hoi cliff viec lam: Hien d nudc ta, hoi cho viec lam cdn la mot hinh thuc mdi me Do thudng la noi giao dich cua cac lao dong co dao tao la noi de cac doanh nghiep can lao dong tim kiem duoc cac doi tuong phu hop va la noi de ngudi co sue lao dong cd the lua chon loai hinh cdng viec va muc tra cdng lao dong ma minh mong muon Dong Nai va cac tinh vung kinh te diem phia Nam da sdm nhan thay uu diem cua cac hoat dong nay, nen nhung nam gan day da tich cue md hoi cho viec lam, diem hen tim viec lam Cac tinh cdn hop tac vdi de to chuc, nham giup cho ngudi cung va ngudi cau ve lao dong gap va moi su mong muon cua hai ben deu dupe thoa man Vi vay, de cd cac luong thong tin phan hoi chinh xac, kip thdi giua ngudi su dung-sue lao dongva ngudi lao dong, hoi cho viec lam d Dong Nai can tiep tuc dupe nghien cuu, rut kinh nghiem de trien khai mot each thudng xuyen hon va cd dinh ky, khong ngung md rong quy mo va nang cao hieu qua hoat dong r r r * Cung cd va ndng cao chat lu ffng hoat dong cua cac dich vu xuat khau lao dong Cac dich vu xuat khau lao dong dong vai tro quan trong viec cung cap lao dong cho thi trudng sue lao dong nudc ngoai Hien nay, Dong Nai luon la mot 103 thi truang soi dong ve cung ung va tuyen dung lao dong, so luang lao dong nhap cu va lam viec tai 21 khu cong nghiep tren toan tinh da len den hang chuc ngan moi nam Trong so do, nhu cau ve xuat khau lao dong khong phai it Tuy nhien tren thuc te, thi truang xuat khau lao dong tai Dong Nai chua hap dan, van luon trang thai “ cha ”, so luang lao dong xuat khau di cac nuoc cung rai rac bdi vi: chi phi qua cao va thu tuc nhieu kho khan Dac biet la, hien tai, tinh Dong Nai van chua lap duac Ban chi dao ho tra cho cong tac xuat khau lao dong, nen viec lam ho so, vay von di xuat khau lao dong cua nguai lao dong cung gap nhieu kho khan chua the giai quyet Mat khac, d Dong Nai hien nay, van chua co mot cong ty nao du nang luc moi gioi xuat khau lao dong, the nen de giai quyet nhu cau buoc long cac trung tam gioi thieu viec lam, cac trung tam day nghe “ coi noi ” them viec gioi thieu ho so xuat khau lao dong, d cac huyen xa nhu Dinh Quan, Tan Phu danh phai phoi hop voi mot cong ty moi gioi noi khac du nang luc (nhu Ho Chi Minh) Vi vay, de dap ung nhu cau xuat khau lao dong cua luc luang lao dong tren dia ban, tinh Dong Nai can quan tam cac noi dung sau: - Thanh lap Ban chi dao xuat khau lao dong va lap duac nhung cong ty moi gioi lam dich vu xuat khau lao dong du uy tin va chat luang, giai quyet duac it nhat la nhu cau xuat khau lao dong tinh - Ho tra nguai lao dong tinh co nhu cau xuat khau lao dong ve thu tuc ho so, ve vay von ngan hang de dam bao chi phi xuat khau lao dong - Tiep tuc khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep tren dia ban tinh tuyen dung lao dong, dua di hoc nghe va lam viec co thai han d nuoc ngoai Md rong lien ket voi cac doanh nghiep xuat khau lao dong cua Trung uong va Ho Chi Minh de dua lao dong cua Dong Nai di xuat khau lao dong Dac biet chu y den cac huyen mien nui, cac doi tuang ngheo, gia dinh chinh sach, bo doi xuat ngu a r r ' Nhu vay, tang cau va nang cao chat luang cung la to quan Song neu chi dung d thi chua du - van de quan tiep theo la phai thuc day quan he cung - cau lao dong tren thi truang Viec hoan thien va nang cao chat luang hoat dong cua he thong dich vu moi gioi thi truang suc lao dong khong ngoai muc dich 104 3.2.5 Nang caotinh nang dong cua ngirdi lao dong vai nhadoanh nginnp tren thj tru-dnn suc lan ding Nguoi lao dong (luc luong cung lao dong) va nha doanh nghiep (luc luong can lao dong) la hai luc luong co ban, tich cuc nhat cua thi truong suc lao dong Hien nay, tren thi truong suc lao dong Dong Nai, cung - can ve lao dong nhieu bat cap: voi toc phat trien nhanh cua cac nganh cong nghiep, dac biet su dung nhieu lao dong ky thuat, lao dong ky thuat cao, cac doanh nghiep d Dong Nai deu keu kho tuyen dung nguoi Tinh trang thieu lao dong co tay nghe, thua lao dong thong, doanh nghiep khong co nguoi de tuyen dung la thuc te kha bien Hon nua, xu the hoi nhap, dang doi hoi khat khe hon ve trinh chuyen mon ky thuat cua nguoi lao dong De khac phuc tinh trang mat can doi ve cung - cau lao dong, tao dieu kien cho cung - cau ve lao dong gap nhau, doi hoi ca nguoi lao dong va nha doanh nghiep phai doi mO, phai nang cao tinh nang dong Ho can phai thuc hien tot cac viec sau day: - Doi voi nguoi lao dong: Truoc het phai nang cao trinh hoc van va tay nghe; nang cao nhung hieu biet ve phap luat, ve chinh tri - xa hoi, ve nhung thong tin tren thi truong suc lao dong thudng xuyen ren luyen dao duc, tac phong lao dong cong nghiep (tinh to chuc, tinh ky luat lao dong ), khac phuc nhung tam ly “ thich lam thay hon lam tho ”, ngai kho, ngai kho, thieu y thuc to chuc ky luat lao dong - Doi voi nha doanh nghiep: Dau tu md rong quy mo, tang cau lao dong nhung can phai quan tam hon den tay nghe va doi song cua nguoi lao dong (ca doi song vat chat va tinh than cua ho); phai co chinh sach tien luong, tien cong phu hop voi co che thi truong Tra luong cho nguoi lao dong phai tinh den cac yeu to thi truong va phu hop voi gia tri suc lao dong Dong thoi phai chu y den phuc loi, khen thudng kip thoi doi voi nguoi lao dong de khuyen khich ho lam viec tot hon va gan bo voi doanh nghiep Dac biet la, cac doanh nghiep can xay dung chien luoc dao tao lao dong qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa va dieu kien hoi nhap va canh tranh; xac dinh nhan to nguoi la het suc quan trong viec phat trien doanh nghiep giai doan moi Lao dong phai dam bao ca hai mat chat luong va so luong, co kha nang thich ung voi nen kinh te thi truong 105 3.2.6 Cac giai phapve tam ly Trong nen kinh te thi truong, su ton tai va phat trien cua thi truong lao dong co tinh tat yeu khach quan, do viec hinh moi quan he cung - cau, gia ca suc lao dong cung mang tinh khach quan Song hien tren thuc te, van nhieu quan niem, nhan thuc khach ve thi truong suc lao dong, ve hang hoa suc lao dong, do lam cho nguoi lao dong e ngai ban suc lao dong tren thi truong, vi ho so bi coi khinh la ke lam thue nen co tam ly thich lam viec cac khu vuc nha nuoc, vao bien che Con nguoi mua suc lao dong (nguoi thue muon suc lao dong) ngai bi quy ket la ke boc lot Boi vi truoc day mot thoi gian dai, o nuoc ta chua thua nhan suc lao dong la hang hoa Chua co thi truong suc lao dong Vi vay, de cung - cau tren thi truong suc lao dong o Dong Nai hoat dong mot cach lanh manh, co hieu qua can chu y cac giai phap ve tam ly sau day: - Tinh can tiep tuc quan triet, tao su thong nhat nhan thuc ve thi truong suc lao dong, ve hang hoa suc lao dong, ve lao dong lam thue, ve boc lot suc lao dong - Tung buoc xoa bo su cach biet, phan biet doi xu doi voi nguoi lao dong cac khu vuc kinh te: giua nguoi lao dong phan kinh te Nha nuoc voi nguoi lao dong cac phan kinh te khac nhu kinh te tu nhan, kinh te co von dau tu nuoc ngoai; giua lao dong tinh voi lao dong nhap cu, giua lao dong o khu vuc thi voi lao dong o khu vuc nong thon, mien nui, Thong qua viec phat trien manh nen kinh te nhieu phan dinh huong XHCN va da dang hoa, da phuong hoa cac quan he kinh te doi ngoai, tao nhieu cong an, viec lam cho nguoi lao dong.; Coi va phat trien khu vuc kinh te tu nhan, qua tung buoc xoa bo dinh kien doi voi khu vuc - Tao tam ly yen tam cho nguoi lao dong lam viec va ca thay doi noi lam viec, thong qua viec quan tam sua doi, bo sung cac chinh sach lien quan den lao dong, viec lam nhu: chinh sach tien luong, tien cong, nganh bao hiem xa hoi, chinh sach giao duc - dao tao, chinh sach di cu, nha o, ho khau, Tom lai: Moi giai phap noi tren deu co vai tro, vi tri rieng viec phat trien thi truong suc lao dong, dong thoi, chung co quan he huu co, tac dong qua lai voi Do do, se khong phat huy duoc hieu qua cua moi giai phap neu khong thuc hien chung mot cach dong bo va hop ly 106 KET LUAN Phat trien thi truang suc lao dong la mot tat yeu va can thiet, van de da duac Dang va Nha nuoc ta khang dinh ca ve mat ly luan va thuc tien Tuy nhien phat trien thi truang suc lao dong dieu kien nen kinh te thi truang dinh huong xa hoi chu nghia va xu the hoi nhap kinh te quoc te hien la mot van de vo cung kho khan, phuc tap va moi me Thi truang suc lao dong a nuoc ta la thi truang suc lao dong dinh huong xa hoi chu nghia, duac hinh va phat trien tren co sa duang loi doi moi cua Dang va nha nuoc ve phat trien nen kinh te hang hoa nhieu phan van dong theo co che thi truang co su quan ly cua nha nuoc theo dinh huong xa hoi chu nghia Muc dich cua thi truang suc lao dong dinh huong xa hoi chu nghia la xay dung quan he lao dong moi phu hap tren ca mat sa huu, quan ly va phan phoi Qua trinh hinh va phat trien thi truang suc lao dong a Viet Nam the hien no luc doi moi cua Dang va Nha nuoc theo huong thi truang Trong qua trinh do, mot nhung van de co tinh nguyen tac la phai thuc day canh tranh, phat huy uu the cua thi truang \ r a nhung dong thai phai han che duac su tu phat va nhung hau qua tieu cuc nham dam bao dinh huong xa hoi chu nghia Trong qua trinh doi moi, thi truang suc lao dong tren dia ban tinh Dong Nai da tung buoc duac hinh va di vao hoat dong, buoc dau dat duac nhung ket qua tich cuc; gop phan giai quyet viec lam, tang thu nhap cho nguai lao dong, thuc day chuyen' dich co cau kinh te, co cau lao dong theo huong cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, thuc day tang truang va phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Tuy nhien, no van nhieu bat cap va han che can phai khac phuc Thuc trang thi truang suc lao dong Dong Nai da the hien nhung dac diem chu yeu la: Thu nhat, Dong Nai co nguon cung lao dong lon, voi trinh dan tri kha cao nhung trinh chuyen mon ky thuat bat cap, chua dap ung yeu cau thuc tien dat Thu hai, cau lao dong han che so voi cung lao dong, do, viec lam cOn thieu, co cau viec lam chuyen dich 107 cham so vdi toc phat trien cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa va thi hoa Thu ba, tien luong, tien cong dang nhieu bat cap chua thuc su tro cong cu dieu tiet quan he cung - cau lao dong tren thi trudng suc lao dong va thuc day thi trudng suc lao dong phat trien Thu tu, hieu qua hoat dong cua he thong dich vu moi gidi thi trudng suc lao dong chua cao Thu nam, vai tro quan ly cua nha nudc doi vdi thi trudng suc lao dong tren dia ban tinh Dong Nai cdn han che, chua theo kip yeu cau cua thuc yien Tren co so phan tich, danh gia thuc trang, xu hudng van dong cua cung, cau suc lao dong, tien luong, tien cong, canh tranh va tinh hinh hoat dong cua he thong dich vu moi gidi thi trudng suc lao dong, nhung phuong hudng va giai phap chu yeu da dupc de xuat tap trung vao viec phat trien cac yeu to tren A z r •> Trong thdi gian tdi, can thong nhat phuong hudng phat trien, tap trung thuc hien dong bo cac giai phap de thi trudng suc lao dong Dong Nai mot phat trien, gop phan thuc hien thang lpi su nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa vi muc tieu dan giau, nudc manh, xa hoi cong bang, dan chu, van minh 108 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Ban to chtfc - 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