THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ' ■ PHAN THUY NGA NANG CAO CHAT LUONG TANG TRUdNG KINH TE VIET NAM LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE Chuyen nganh : Kinh te Chinh tri Ngirdi hirdng d£n : TS Tran Viet Tien HA NQI - 2004 Muc luc Md dau Chuang Trang Nhung van de ly luan chung ve chat luong tang trudng kinh te 1.1 Tang trudng kinh te va chat luong tang trudng kinh te 1.1.1 Tang trirdng kinh te 1.1.2 Chat lirong tang trirdng kinh te 10 1.1.3 Moi quan he giira tang trirdng chat lirong tang trirdng va phat 13 tri&i kinh te 1.2 He thong chi tieudanh gia chat lirong tang trirdng kinh te 15 1.2.1 Chi tieu ve nang lire canh tranh cua nen kinh te 15 1.2.2 Chi tieu ve on dinh kinh te vi mo 24 1.2.3 Chi tieu 26 ve hieu qua xa hoi va moi trirdng sinh thai 1.3 Kinh nghiem ve nang cao chat lirong lang trudng kinh te cua Trung 27 Quoc va nhung bai hoc rut cho Viet Nam 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem ve nang cao chat luong lang trudng kinh te cua 27 Trung Quoc 1.3.2 Mot so bai hoc rut cho Viet Nam ve nang cao chat luong 30 tang trudng kinh te cua Trung Quoc Chuang Thue trang ve chat luong tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam trung thdi gian qua 33 2.1 Thue trang ve chat luong tang trudng kinh te Viet Nam nhung nam 33 trudc doi moi 2.2 Thue trang ve chat luong lang trudng kinh te Viet Nam tir doi mdi den 36 2.2.1 Tir 1986- 1997 36 2.2.2 Tir sau cuoc khung hoang kinh te khu vuc nam 1997 den 41 2.3 Danh gia thuc trang chat luong tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam 44 thdi gian qua 2.3.1 Nhung tuu 44 2.3.2 Nhung han che 46 2.4 Nguyen nhan cua nhung ton tai viec nang cao chat luong tang 54 trudng kinh te d Viet Nam thdi gian qua Chuong3 Nhurng dinh hudng va mot so giai phap chu yeu nhdm nang cao 64 chat luong tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam 3.1 Boi canh cho tang trudng kinh te va nang cao chat luong tang trudng 64 kinh te 3.1.1 Trien vong tang truong kinh te va thuong mai cUa the gioi va khu vec 64 3.1.2 Toan cau hoa: Co hoi va nhung thach thuc qua trinh nang 66 cao chat luong tang truong kinh te Viet Nam 3.2 Muc tieu va dinh huong ve nang cao chat luong tang truong kinh te o 67 viet nam nhttng nam tori 3.2.1 Muc tieu ve nang cao chat luong tang truong kinh te o viet nam 67 nhung nam toi 3.2.2 Dinh huong de nang cao chat luong tang truong kinh te o viet 69 nam nhung nam toi 3.3 Nhung giai phap chu yeu de’ nang cao chat luong tang truong kinh te o 71 Viet Nam thni gian tOi 3.3.1 Tich cue hhi nhap va teng cuong ttnh ecnh traah cua nen kinh te 71 3.3.2 Huv dong va tpn dung nguon leccUa khu vuc kinh t e tu nhan 73 3.3.3 Cai cach, gap xep lai cac DNNN 76 3.3.4 Cai thien moi truong dau tu 78 3.3.5 Cai cach he thong cac gach 81 Ket lupn 944 Tai lieu tham khao 95 MO DAU Tinh cap thiet de tai luan van Tang trudng kinh te cao va ben vung la muc tieu hang dau chien luqc phat trien kinh te xa hoi cua nude ta Nhung nam doi mdi vira qua, Dang va Nha nude ta da tap trung cac nguon luc, dong thdi tich cue ddi mdi co che chinh sach nhdm day nhanh toe tang trudng va phat trien kinh te, xa hoi Nhd vay, tu nhung nam 90 den nay, td'c tang trudng kinh te binh quan d nude ta da dat khoang 7%/nam Tuy nhien, theo danh gia cua cac chuyen gia kinh te, chung ta dat dupe toe tang trudng kinh te kha cao, nhung chat luqng tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam thap Vi vay viec nghien cuu chat luqng tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam hien nay, chi nhung tuu, han che va nguyen nhan cua nhung han che nhSm nang cao chat luqng tang trudng kinh te nhung nam tdi la van de cd y nghla rat quan ddi vdi su phat trien kinh te xa hoi d Viet Nam Do tac gia da chon dd tai “Nang cao chat luqng tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam" lam luan van thac si kinh te Tinh hinh nghien cuu Tran Van Tung, tap chi Kinh te chau A - Thai Binh Duong; “Toan canh buc tranh kinh te Viet Nam 2003” - Vien nghien cun quan ly kinh te Trung Dong Tuy nhien van de ve chat luqng tang trudng kinh te van cd nhieu didu can phai lam sang to Ve mat ly luan, can cd su thong nhat hon nua quan diem ve van de noi dung chat luqng tang trudng kinh te va can de cap mot each toan dien nhung van de thuc tidn chat luqng tang trudng kinh te d Viet nam Muc dich nghien curu - Nghien cun nhung van de ly luan ve chat lucng tang trudng kinh te - Danh gia thuc trang chat luong tang trudng kinh te a Viet Nam tir doi moi den nay, chi nhung tuu, han che va nguyen nhan cua nhung tuu va han che gian tdi Pham vi nghien cuu - Vi chat luong tang trudng kinh te la mot van de Ion nen d day luan van chu veil de cap tdi mot so khfa canh chinh dupe coi la lam cua chat luong tang trudng kinh te nhu: nang lire canh tranh cua nen kinh te, co cau kinh te, hieu qua dau tu moi trudng kinh te vT md va giai quyet cac van de xa hoi, moi trudng - Thdi gian nghien cu’u chu yeu la tir thuc hien chinh sach doi mdi (1986) cho den nam 2010 Phuong phap nghien cuu Luan van ap dung cac phuong phap nghien cuu cua chu nghta vat bien chung,chii nghia vat lich sir sir dung phuong phap triru tupng hoa khoa hoc ket hop vdi phuong phap phan tich - tong hop, logic va lich sir de nghien cun van de chat luong tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam Dong thdi, luan van sir dung phuong phap he thong de dua nhung kien nghi co luan cu khoa hoc ve nang cao chat luong tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam thdi gian tdi Dong gop cua luan van Mot la, gop phan lam ro nhung van de ly luan ve chat luong tang trudng kinh te Hai la, phan tfch, danh gia thirc trang chat luong tang trudng a Viet Nam thdi gian qua, tir rut nhung tuu, han che va chi nhung nguyen nhan cua nhung tuu va han che Ba la, khuyen nghi nhung dinh hudng va giai phap nhSm nang cao chat luong tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam thcri gian tdi Ket cau cua luan van Ngoai phan md dau, ket luan va danh muc tai lieu tham khao, luan van gom chuong Chuang 1: Nhung van d£ ly luan chung ve chat luong tang trudng kinh te Chuong 2: Thue trang v£ chat luong tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam thdi gian qua Chuong 3: Nhung dinh hudng va mot so giai phap chu yeu nham nang cao chat luong tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam CHUONG1 NHUNG VAN HE LY LUAN CHUNG VE CHAT LUONG TANG TRUONG KINH TE 1.1 TANG' ITR , KINN TE VA CHAT UUMj TANG TTEUnN KKNN TE 1.1.1 Tang trudng kinh te 7.7.7.7 Quan diem ve tang ti'tfcmg kinh te Doi voi hau het cac nudc dang phat trien, tang truong kinh te luon la muc tieu hang dau cua ducng loi, chien luoc va chinh sach kinh te Doi vdi nudc ta, tang truong kinh te duoc Dang va Nha nudc coi la tam cua moi nd luc nham day nhanh toc phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, tranh bi tut hau xa hon nua ve kinh te so vdi cac nudc khu vuc Xet tren mot phuong dien nhat dinh co the’ khang dinh rang tang truong kinh te la muc tieu quan trong qua trinh thuc hien nhung dinh hudng va chien luoc ldn Nghi quyet dai hoi Dana lan thu IX de Vi vay, viec nghien cuu nhung van de nhu trien vong, phuong hudng ducng loi, chien luoc tang truong kinh te o nudc ta va nhung cong cu co the van dung de dat duoc toc tang truong cao, vung chac co y nghia vo cung quan ca tren binh dien ly thuyet lan thuc tidn Chung ta hay bat dau tu viec phan tfch va lam ro y nghia cua khai niem tang truong kinh te Cac cuoc tranh luan ve dudng loi tang truong kinh te va chien luoc phat trien kinh te da cho thay co nhung nhan thuc khac Mot so y kien cho rang, co the co tang truong ma khong co phat trien va nguoc lai Nhung quan diem nhu vay ro rang da coi tang truong kinh te la mot khai niem, pham tru kinh te tach rCi qua trinh phat trien kinh te- xa hoi noi chung [3] Khai niem tang truong noi chung duoc dung de chi su ldn len, tang them mo rong ve quy mo cua mot hien tuong hay mot "he thong" nao Tang truong kinh te hieu theo nghia rong la su gia tang them (gia tang) ve quy mo san luong cua ndn kinh te mot thCi ky nhat dinh Do la ket qua duoc tao boi • tat ca cac hoat dong san xuat va dich vu ndn kinh te Tren y nghTa do, tang trudng kinh te hai nguon tao thanh: Mot la, cac nguon lire hien co duoc sir dung day du va co hieu qua hon Hai la, mot so nguon luc mdi duoc bd sung them vao ndn kinh te Tuy nhien, tang trudng kinh te thudng la van dd duoc xem xet dai han Do do, cac nha kinh te thudng cho ding tang trudng kinh te chfnh la sir gia tang cua san luqng tidm nang, muc san luqng tao cac nguon luc tidm nang duoc tan dung toi da Theo quan diem nay, chi tren co so tang them duoc nang luc san xuat thi nen kinh te moi co the’ san xuat mot muc san luqng cao hon so vdi trudc Quan didm dung nd thoa man mot ba didu kien sau: Mot la, bo qua nhung dao dong ngan han cua san luqng thuc te Hai la, cac chfnh sach kinh te cd kha nang kidm soat va tri san luqng d muc tidm nang Ba la, xet khoang thdi gian du dai de nen kinh te cd the tu didu chfnh trd vd trang thai can bang dai han ung vdi muc san luqng tidm nang Vi quan didm khang dinh nguon goc cua tang trudng la vide tao cac nguon luc mdi, nd ngu y rang de hudng tdi muc tieu tang trudng khong thd su dung cac chfnh sach kich thfch tong cau theo quan diem cua Keynes, ma phai su dung cac chfnh sach cung tuqng tang trudng d cac nude dang phat trien, noi cac nguon luc chua duoc su dung day du Vide su dung tot va day du hon cac nguon luc hien cd cung la nguon quan dd day nhanh td'c tang trudng, ft nhat cung la giai doan dau cua qua trinh cong nghiep hoa va hoa nhap vao thi trudng the gidi cung nhu khu vuc Van dd la nen chon mot hay mot so chi tieu de phan anh qua trinh tang trudng Tuy hien chung ta co nhidu tong luong kinh te phan anh ket qua hoat dong cua ndn kinh te, nhung nhin chung cac nha kinh te cd xu hudng chon mot chi tieu nhat de phan anh tang trudng He thong tai khoan quoc gia (SNA) cho thay rang, de phan anh quy mo hoat dong cua nen kinh te, chung ta chi can su dung chi tieu tong san pham nude (GDP) Cac chi tieu khac nhu GNP, NI, v.v , deu co the dupe linh toan tren co so chi tieu GDP va nhung so lieu bo sung (chang han thu nhap rong tu tai san d nude ngoai, khau hao.v.v.) De tranh anh hudng cua lam phat phan anh sai lech muc tang trudng thuc te ngudi ta sir dung GDP thuc te, turc GDP dupe tfnh theo gia co dinh cua nam goc 1.1.1.2 Cac nguon life cho tang truang kinh te Cac nguon luc dam bao tang trudng kinh te d mdi quoc gia rat da dang, song chi' nhung nhan to dudi day dupe xem la quan hang dau bao gom: Mot la, cac nguon life ve tdi nguyen thien nhien: Cac nguon luc vd tai nguyen thien nhien cua mot quoc gia bao gom: dal nude, rung bidn tai nguyen long dat, nguon nude, hau, Tai nguyen thien nhien dupe coi la mot nguon luc rat quan trong tang trudng kinh te Nhung quoc gia giau cd vd tai nguyen thien nhien se cd nhung thuan lpi dac biet qua trinh tang trudng kinh te chang han nhu nhung quoc gia cd tai nguyen dau md va xuat khau dau md (vi du, Venezuela va Arap Xeut) Thuc te cho thay, hau het cac quoc gia d muc ngheo doi va thu nhap thap tren the gidi deu khong cd nguon tai nguyen thien nhien phong phu, hoac cd tru lupng thap, hoac khai thac khong thuan lpi [4] So lupng va chat lupng cua cac tai nguyen thien nhien cua mdi quoc gia khong phai hoan toan la co dinh Neu co su dau tu thoa dang cho viec dieu tra, nghien cuu va phat trien thi mot quoc gia cd the phat hien them dupe nhung nguon tai nguyen thien nhien mdi va phat trien, md rong tai nguon tai nguyen da co pham vi bien gidi nhSm nang cao toe tang trudng va phat trien kinh te Hai la, von Nguon luc ve von cua mot quoc gia la tong the cac nguon von cd the huy dong cho phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua quoc gia dd Thong thudng cac nguon von cua cac quoc gia bao gom: nguon von ngan sach, nguon von cua cac doanh nghiep nguon von dan cu, nguon von nude ngoai qua vay muon, vien trq, va dau tu true tiep nude ngoai (FDI) [4] Nguon luc ve von luon la nhan to rat quan ddi vdi su tang trudng va phat trien kinh te cua mdi quoc gia Tuy nhien, nguon luc von va nhu cau ve von d mdi quoc gia khac nhau, tham chi rat khac nhung nude phat trien nguon von kha ddi dao va phan ldn cac nude ddu tim kiem thi trudng dau tu nude ngoai va thuc hien xuat khaiu tu ban d nhung nude dang phat trien thi nguon von han hep, khong can ddi vdi nhu cau ve von ddu tu cho phat trien kinh te - xa hoi va thuc hien cong nghiep hoa hien dai hoa Do vay, cac nude dang phat trien ddu chu vide thu hut von dau tu nude ngoai bao gom von dau tu true tiep, von vay va tai trq tir cac Chfnh phu va cac to chtrc phi Chfnh phii dd nguon von dau tu true tie'p cd vai tro rat quan Ba la, lao dong Nguon lao dong cua mdi quoc gia la tdng the nang luc va tidm luc lao dong bieu hien bang so luqng va chat luqng lao dong cua quoc gia dd Tit the ky 18 cac nha kinh te hoc nhu Wiliam Petty, Adam Smith da khang dinh rang lao dong va tai nguyen dat dai la nhung nguon luc de san xuat cua cai vat chat Khi dd dan so cua cac quoc gia ft, tai nguyen dat dai chua phai la khan hiem nhu hien nay, yeu to quyet dinh su phat trien va tang trudng kinh te' la lao dong Lao dong la mot qua trinh sang tao, quyet dinh hoat dong kinh te' cua ngudi, va chi phf lao dong trd thudc gia tri hang hoa [4] 83 va ty le noi dia hoa san pham, nang dan ty san pham co ham lupng tri tue, ham lirpng cong nghe cao, v.v , theo hudng chi tap trung phat trien nhung san pham hang hoa va dich vu co kha nang canh tranh tren thi trudng quoc te Ben canh dd, chung ta can phai tang cudng da dang hoa thi trudng thuong mai, theo hudng chu khai thac thi trudng d cac trung tarn kinh te the gidi va tranh thu moi co hoi md thi trudng mdi Bon la, xay dung va phat trien he thdng doanh nghiep, doanh nhan ngang tarn vdi chien lupc hoi nhap ve kinh te Mdi doanh nghiep d£u can cd chien lupc rieng cho minh Mot mat, can quy hoach san xuat, dieu chinh co cau, uu tien tap trung cho san xuat cac mat hang chu luc cd the manh, cd kha nang canh tranh cua don vi, cua dia phuong minh, tranh dau tu dan trai Mat khac, can khai thac lpi the tir cac cam ket hoi nhap kinh te quoc te, tang cudng cac hoat dong xuc tien thuong mai, dau tu ket hop chat che giua san xuat va kinh doanh tieu thu tren thi trudng nudc va quoc te; nghien cuu ddi mdi cong nghe, doi mdi quan ly, tang nang suat de dam bao rang nhung cam ket da dupe ky nhan, doanh nghiep luon cd the canh tranh dupe vdi ddi thu canh tranh d.5.5.2 Chinli sach tai chinh Kinh nghiem phat trien kinh te d cac nudc khu vuc nhu neu d Chuong chi rang tham hut tai khoa d cac nudc d thdi ky dau qua trinh phat trien cung chi d muc kha nhd, neu cd, va nhanh chong dat dupe thang bang thu chi ngan sach nhung nam sau dd Viet Nam, tinh hinh thu chi ngan sach cho thay chung ta da dat dupe nhung tfch kha quan viec cai each chinh sach tai khoa, vdi tham hut ngan sach tren da giam manh tir nam 1986 (trir nhung nam cuoi thap ky 80 va dau 90, su sup cua Lien Xd va cac nudc XHCN Dong Au) cho den nhung nam giua thap ky 90 (chi d mire tren dudi 1% GDP) Tham hut ngan sach tarn kiem soat da gop phan quan vao viec chan dtrng lam phat cao thdi gian Nhung ke tir nhung nam sau dd, tham hut lai co chibu hudng tang manh (len tdi 5,4% vao 84 nam 2001) Day la mot dau hieu dang lo ngai, cho thay cac bien phap cai each cat giam chi tieu cua Chinh phu khong dupe thuc thi triet de Vi vay, mot nhung yeu cau cap bach thdi gian tdi la phai tang cudng kidm soat tham hut ngan sach Chinh phu de tranh nguy co quay tro lai cua lam phat cao nhu da tung chung kien trudc day Cac bien phap cai each chinh sach tai khoa can tap trung vao mot sd mat sau day Mot la, chinh sach thue Chinh sach thue xuat nhap khau can phai dupe sua ddi theo hudng bao ho nen san xuat nude mot each cd muc tieu, cd chon loc, cd didu kien rang buoc ve tieu chuain chat lupng, gia ca va thdi han; xay dung bieu thue xuat nhap khau phu hop vdi cac cam ket quoc te ve cat giam thue quan tham gia ky ket cac dieu udc quoc te; thuc hien viec thue hoa cac bien phap bao ho phi thue quan tren co sd dinh lupng dupe muc bao ho cua hang rao phi thue quan hien nay, cong bd ro lich trinh cat giam thue, muc thue suat cu the ddi vdi cac trudng hop da dupe thue hoa; thu hep dan danh muc hang hoa Nha nude can quan ly gia tmh thue tdi thieu, md rong dien ap dung gia theo hop dong, tien tdi thuc hien day du cac quy dinh ve xac dinh gia tmh thue theo WTO Ddi vdi thue thu nhap doanh nghiep: Sdm xu ly quy dinh ve thue thu nhap doanh nghiep ddi vdi ho san xuat nOng nghiep cd thu nhap cao, sua doi bd sung cac quy dinh phap luat cd lien quan theo hudng coi nong nghiep la linh vuc can khuyen khfch dau tu, nong thon la dia ban diem can khuyen khich dau tu; can xem xet de sdm loai bd nhung noi dung phan biet giua cac nha dau tu nude va nude ngoai cac luat thue thu nhap cong ty, thue thu nhap ca nhan, den het nam 2005 van tri uu dai ve thue cho cac nha dau tu nude ngoai de dam bao tmh nhat quan cua Chinh phu ve thu hut dau tu nude ngoai; sua doi cac quy dinh ve thue dat, gia dich vu de cac doanh nghiep dau tu nude ngoai dupe hudng cung mot muc gia 85 Doi vdi thue thu nhap ca nhan: can sdm didu chinh muc khdi diem chiu thue bieu thue thu nhap thudng xuyen doi vdi ngudi Viet Nam dd giai quyet hai van de chfnh Mot la, giam bdt su bat hop ly ve nghia vu thue giua ngudi viet nam va ngudi nudc ngoai Hai la tao thuan lqi cho cac nha dau tu Dinh hudng lau dai cua thue thu nhap ca nhan la phai cd bieiu thue luy tien tung phan, ap dung chung cho moi ddi tuong, khong phan biet la ngudi Viet Nam hay ngudi nudc ngoai Ddi vdi cac loai thue lien quan den dat dai can chu y: Dam bao dat dai co gia tri vdi tu each la nguon tai nguyen khong tai sinh, tu khuyen khfch sir dung tiet kiem, tri cai thien chat luong dat dai can thiet cho doanh nghiep, cac nha dau tu; dam bao luu chuydn quydn su dung dat dai mot each hieu qua Hai la, chinh sach chi tieu cong Can dinh hudng vao viec: (i) thuc hien nguyen tdc dam bao can ddi ngan sach vung chdc, tung budc tang chi cho dau tu phat trien (bao gom ca chi dau tu phat tridn nguon nhan lire) Toc tang chi cho dau tu phat trien phai dam bao ldn hon tang chi thudng xuyen Vay nudc va vay nudc ngoai chi phuc vu cho muc tieu dau tu phat trien Trong chi thudng xuyen can chu y tang chi cho giao due, y te va phat tridn von ngudi; (ii) dam bao nguyen tSc tiet kiem va hieu qua dieu hanh va quan ly ngan sach; dam bao cang minh bach, cong khai va dan chu Trong thdi gian tdi can sdm trien khai viec to chuc thuc hien tot Luat ngan sach Nha nudc (cd hieu luc tu nam 2004); nghien cuu giai phap co cau lai chi ngan sach dua tren co so phan loai nhiem vu chi nhom: (a) nhom nhiem vu can uu tien von, kinh phf (nong nghiep, giao due, khoa hoc) (b) nhom can dam bao kinh phf hoat dong (quoc phong, an ninh, bao ve she khde nhan dan); (c) nhom edn triet de tiet kiem (quan ly hanh chfnh); phan bo lai chi tieu noi bo cac nganh (vi du nganh nong nghiep); cai each che cap phat, quan ly chi tieu ngan sach, dong thdi vdi cai each chfnh sach hanh chfnh Nha nudc, cai each tien luong; tiep tuc thuc hien chfnh sach huy 86 dong sir tham gia dong gop cua nhan dan dau tu xay dung co sd tang 3.3.5.3 Chinh sach tien te Nhieu nghien cuu tren the gidi da chi mdi quan he khang khft giua chat luqng hoat dong cua he thdng tai chfnh ngan hang cua mot quoc gia va su tang trudng kinh te dai han (xem vf du ve Trung Quoc neu o chuong 1) Su hoan thien cua he thdng tai chfnh ngan hang la mot nhung yeu to quyet dinh den tfnh canh tranh cua toan bo nen kinh te Ly cho dieu la vi tang trudng kinh te cao phu thuoc nhieu vao kha nang he thdng tai chfnh ngan hang huy dong von tiet kiem xa hoi va phan phoi tin dung mot each hieu qua den cac nganh kinh te He thdng tai chfnh ngan hang Viet Nam da duoc dd cap chi tiet mot sd bao cao thdi gian qua cua IMF, WB, UNDP, va ADB day, chung ta chi can dd cap den tfnh cap thiet cai each he thdng tai chfnh, ngan hang va tom tat cac bien phap cai each chfnh Mac du he thdng tai chfnh ngan hang da phat trien manh hon 10 nam qua, nd van chua thuc hien tot duoc chuc nang mot ndn kinh te thi trudng, tuc la huy dong va phan phoi tin dung mot each hieu qua, theo tin hieu cua thi trudng Vi vay, he thdng tai chfnh cua Viet Nam duoc xep hang rat thap ban Bao cao ve tfnh canh tranh toan cau Global Competitiveness Report, vi nhung ton tai sau: (1) “do sau” cua thi trudng tai chfnh rat han che, the hien b ty tien M2 tren GDP thap hon nhieu so vdi cac nudc ASEAN; (2) tfnh hieu qua thap, the hien d viec tiep can vdi cac nguon tin dung dai han rat kho khan, muc canh tranh thap he thdng, he thdng tang nganh ngheo nan, su han che cac nguon von phi ngan hang; (3) tfnh lanh manh he thdng ngan hang bi de doa nghiem bdi ty no kho doi tren tdng khoi luqng cho vay Theo IMF, vao nam 1995 sd la 8%, sau dd tang manh len 13% vao nam 1997, va cd xu hudng tang o nhung nam sau dd Mot nhung ly cua tinh trang la vi ngan hang thuong mai quoc doanh duoc yeu 87 cau cho vay cac DNNN khong co the chap va dao han no qua han Cac ly khac bao gom str yeu kem cua he thong tra giam sat bao toan, thieu cac phuong tien va he thong de phat hien va kiem soat rui ro, su yeu kem he thon kiem toan, v.v , Do vay, su yeu kem cua he thong tai chinh ngan hang ddi hoi phai co nhung giai phap cai each manh me de hoan thien va nang cao nang luc canh tranh he thong tai chinh ngan hang dai han Cac chinh sach can dinh hudng vao viec: (i) xac dinh ro va cu the’ve 10 trinh mo cira tai chinh theo hudng thuc hien tu hoa tai chinh sau da cai each co cau va tir hoa thuong mai, thuc hien tir nude roi mdi md cira quoc te; viec tang kha nang chuyen doi, pha gia dong viet nam can duqc xem xet, can nh^c ky luong cho phu hop vdi chinh sach vi mo nude va tinh hinh tai chinh ngoai nude; (ii) nang cao hon nua nang luc quan ly cua Ngan hang Nha nude bang each nang cao tinh doc lap tuong ddi cua Ngan hang Nha nude viec thuc thi chinh sach tien te, tai chinh cua Nha nude va nang cao chat luong nghiep vu cua ngan hang (thanh toan bu trir, nghiep vu kho quy, nghiep vu thi trudng thu cap ); (iii) xay dung, phat trien va da dang hoa thi trudng von bang each lap, khuyen khich va hd tro lap cac to chuc kinh doanh von dai han nhu cong ty dau tu, quy dau tu dau tu mao hiem, quy bao hiem rui ro, ngan hang bao lanh ngan hang cam cd, cac quy huu tri, quy hd trq, v.v ; (iv) tao san choi binh dang cho cac ngan hang nude ngoai va ngan hang tu nhan: tirng budc cat giam cac quy dinh han che hoat dong dich vu cua cac ngan hang nude ngoai tai Viet Nam, dac biet la cac dich vu tin dung noi te, dau tu, bao lanh toan, phat hanh chung khoan, mdi gidi tien te, cho thue tai chinh, quan ly tai san cd (quan ly tien mat, tien gui, ky thac ) Cu the hoa va don gian hoa hon nua didu kien cap phep cho cac to chuc tin dung nude ngoai hoat dong tai Viet Nam; (v) day nhanh qua trinh cai each DNNN de giai quyet vdn de no dong; (vi) dam bao hieu luc hop dong va ky luat thi trudng thong qua viec hoan thien he thong phap luat (dac biet la phap luat kinh te), trudc het la viec sira doi, bo sung Luat ngan hang Nha nude 88 va Luat cac To chuc tin dung; (vii) tang cudng hon nua nang luc giam sat, quan ly va nang luc tai chfnh cua khu vuc ngan hang thuong mai de dam bao kha nang canh tranh cua he thong ngan hang 3.3.5.4 Chinh sach khoa hoc, cong nghe, va moi trudng Nghi quyet Dai hoi Dang IX nhan manh rang su nghiep hien dai hoa va cong nghiep hoa dat nudc phai phat trien hon nua khoa hoc va cong nghe Ly tai cong nghe va dac biet la nang cao trinh cong nghe lai tro nen quan nhu vay la vi vai tro cua no viec nang cao nang suat d hau het moi yeu to dau vao cua san xuat Khi ma cac ndn kinh te tren the gidi dang qua trinh hoi nhap cang tang thi yeu to quyet dinh den tfnh canh tranh, va do, sure tang trudng cua mdi quoc gia chinh la cong nghe Tinh hinh phat tridn cong nghe d Viet Nam khong may sang sua Trinh cong nghe d muc rat thap May moc va thiet bi noi chung lac hau so vdi cac nudc phat tridn tir den the he Hieu suat su dung thiet bi thap, ty co gidi hoa va tu dong hoa thap, nang suat lao dong cong nghiep thap hon nhidu so vdi muc cua the gidi Do muc tieu phf nguyen nhien lieu cao, kem theo la tang nhidm mdi trudng (theo Bao cao phat vd tfnh canh tranh cong nghiep Viet Nam cua UNIDO thang 2/1999) Dieu dat nhiem vu cap bach la phai tang cudng cong tac phat tridn va nang cap cong nghe d Viet Nam nhung nam tdi de tranh bi tut hau xa hon nua so vdi the gidi De thuc hien chien luoc cong nghiep hoa hien dai hoa dat nudc can phai cd mot doi ngu can bo khoa hoc va ky thuat day du vd so' luong va chat luong Thuc te cho thay Viet Nam dang rat thieu hut nguon nhan luc (ca vd chat va luong) gom cong nhan ky thuat lanh nghe, can bo ky thuat, ky su, va cac nha nghien cuu khoa hoc Hien ta chi cd khoang 30.000 ngudi dang lam viec cac linh vuc khoa hoc ky thuat Hon nua, chi cd mot ty le rat nho so lam viec d cac xf nghiep cong nghiep NgSn sach danh cho nghien ctru va phat trien (R&D) chi khoang 5-60 trieu dola (UNIDO) Ro rang la sir 89 thieu hut kinh phf va nhan lire, cung nhu1 sir phan bo bat hop ly cac nguon luc la mot nhung trd ngai chfnh de thuc hien muc tieu cong nghiep hoa Dang da dd Do do, chfnh sach khoa hoc cong nghe can hudng tdi giai quyet cac nhiem vu sau day: (i) lira chon hudng phat trien khoa hoc - cong nghe uu tien: Viec lira chon mo hinh kinh te thi trudng theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghTa dang dat nhidu van de ly luan va thuc tidn rat mdi, vi vay khoa hoc va xa hoi nhan van can dupe chu phat trien vdi nhien vu cung cap luan cu khoa hoc cho viec dung md hinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi thfch hop d Viet Nam Ddi vdi khoa hoc tu nhien va cong nghe, chung ta da xay dung chuong trinh khoa hoc cong nghe uu tien (cong nghe thong tin, cong nghe sinh hoc, cong nghe vat lieu va cong nghe tu dong hoa) Tuy nhien chung ta can can nhac ky hon ve budc di va thu’ tu uu tien trien khai cac chuong trinh Trude mat can dac biet coi phat trien va ap dung cac cong nghe thfch hop, cd kha nang thu hut nhidu lao dong; (ii) tang cudng nguon nhan luc phuc vu cho nghien cuu, ung dung khoa hoc cong nghe bang cac bien phap md rong dao tao dai hoc va sau dai hoc nudc va gui sinh vien nudc ngoai dao lao bang ngan sach, cai thien chat luqng giang day d cac trudng trung cap, cao dang, day nghe nham dao tao mot doi ngu can bo ky thuat va tho lanh nghd dong dao; (iii) tao dung sir gdn ket cd hieu qua giua hoat dong nghien cuu, ung dung khoa hoc cong nghe vdi cac nhu cau kinh te, xa hoi theo hudng thuc day viec ung dung khoa hoc cong nghe tai doanh nghiep; bao dam hai hoa viec phan chia lqi fch giua ngudi sang tao, ngudi su dung san pham khoa hoc cong nghe va toan xa hoi; khuyen khfch cac doanh nghiep lap cac bo phan/co sd nghien cuu, phat trien cong nghe va hoat dong nhu mot doanh nghiep khoa hoc cong nghe Ve chfnh sach mdi trudng Nhu da nhan manh d tren, Viet Nam hien dang phai ddi mat vdi nan nhidm va suy thoai mdi trudng cang nghiem trong, de doa den tfnh ben phat trien ben vung tuong lai Vi vay, song song vdi viec cai each kinh te de tang cudng phat trien, Viet Nam cung can phai tang 90 cudng cac bien phap bao ve moi trudng Cac bien phap tang cudng bao ve moi trirdng gom: Mot la, giam sat viec nghiem chinh thi hanh cac luat ve bao ve moi trudng va cac tieu chuan mdi trudng o moi cap cua nen kinh te, co co che xir phat nghiem minh cac trudng hop khong chap hanh De lam dupe didu nay, trudc tien phai xay dung dupe mot dpi ngu chuyen gia mdi trudng hoat dong mot co che quan ly hieu qua, vdi su cong tac chat che vd chuyen mon va ky thuat quan ly hien dai Hai la, cd cac khuyen khich ve tai chinh (vi du tin dung dd giam o nhidm midn giam thue cho cac thiet bi giam nhidm, tai trp cho cac hoat dong nghien cuu giam o nhidm va phuc hoi moi trudng, v.v ) Ba la, tang cudng cong tac phan tfch ton that/hieu qua cho cac chuong trinh bao ve moi trudng Can can nhac than giua cong nghe mdi, su dap ung cac chi tieu moi trudng, va cac khuyen khich vat chat cho cac nha dau tu; De va thuc hien cac chuong trinh ky thuat ve cai thien chat lupng bao ve moi trudng Vi du cong nghiep, cai thien tang va thiet bi quan ly va xir ly cac chat thai doc hai cong nghiep nhat la d cac khu cong nghiep, khu che xuat Trong nong nghiep ap dung cac ky thuat tham canh mdi, cac bien phap riuoi thuy san hien dai, ung dung dai tra giong lai, hien dai hoa cong tac quan ly ngudn nude, v.v Bon la, tang cudng va tan dung cac ngudn chuyen giao cong nghe mdi thong qua cac mdi tiep xue quan he song phuong va da phuong Nam la, tai trp bao ve mdi trudng: Cac nha ddu tu va ngoai nude vao cac du an thuong mai va tang can phai dupe yeu cau dong gop cho cac bien phap kiem soat nhidm mot each tuong thfch, tren co sd can nhac thoa dang giua lpi ich va nghia vu cua nha dau tu 91 3.3.5.5 Cai each chinh sach nguon nhan lute Kinh nghiem cua tat ca cac nude cong phat triein kinh te ddu cho thay vai tro quyet dinh cua nang cao giao due dan tri tang truong kinh te Mac du Viet Nam co mot ty le ngudi mu chu nhd hon nhieu so vdi mure song cua minh, nen giao due Viet Nam dang cd nhung bat on ldn va chat luong giao due dang cd xu hudng xuong cap, lam giam chat luong nguon lao dong, va do anh hudng ldn den tang trudng kinh te dai han Dudi day la tom tat mot so chinh sach phat trien nguon nhan luc can thuc hien Thi'C nhat: Phat trien giao due va dao tao Mot la, xac dinh rd cap uu tien cho cac muc tieu giao due va dao tao, dam bao cung cd vung chac ket qua xoa mil chu va cap giao due tieu hoc, cap trung hoc co so ca nudc, giup dong dao ngudi dan, trudc het la cac tre em ngheo, cd co hoi tiep can tri thuc co ban Ben canh do, ddi vdi cac bac giao due va dao tao cao hon, cac chinh sach can dupe xay dung theo dinh hudng xa hoi hoa cong tac giao due, dao tao, cho phep chia se ve tai chinh giua Nha nudc, cac chu the xa hoi khac va chinh ban than ngudi dupe hudng thu tri thuc Hai la, cac chinh sach can hudng manh va viec cai each chuong trinh giao due, dao tao va cac day va hoc Cac chuong trinh giao due, dao tao can danh mot ty le thich dang cho cac mOn hoc cung cap cac loai tri thuc mang tinh cong cu tdi thieu cua thdi dai, cac ky nang phan ung vdi thi trudng lao dong Dac biet, edn chu hon nua giao due thd luc, coi la bo phan cau khong the thieu dupe cac chuong trinh giao due- dao tao o tat ca cac cap hoc, bac hoc Ba la, khoang each giua cac hoat dong dao tao, boi dudng nghe nghiep cho ngudi lao dong va nhu cau thuc te cua thi trudng lao dong phai dupe thu hep De dat dupe muc tieu nay, cac chfnh sach cd lien quan can: (i) xac dinh ro rang cac linh vuc, nganh nghe hien dang thieu nhan cong, thieu ngudi lao dong 92 co trinh chuyen mon cao; (ii) tieu chuan hoa cac co sd dao tao, vdi nhung chi tieu chat luong duoc quy dinh chat che; (iii) co su phoi hop chat che hon hoach dinh chfnh sach dao tao boi dudng va chfnh sach dieu chinh co cau kinh te, nhat la cap dia phuong; (iv) ket hop dao tao kien thue dao tao trudng day nghe, cac trudng trung hoc chuyen nghiep vdi viec nang cao ky nang nghe nghiep tai cac co so san xuat, kinh doanh; (v) nang cap va doi mdi co sd vat chat, trang thiet bi day va hoc; (vi) xay dung chien lupc day nghe, quy hoach he thdng chfnh sach day nghe Tint hai: Phat trien thi trtfdng lao dong Nhu kinh nghiem cua cac nudc NIEs chi viec tri mot thi trudng lao dong linh hoat, mang tfnh canh tranh cao cung la mot yeu to gop phan thuc ddy tang trudng kinh te VI vay, cai each cac chfnh sach kiem soat thi trudng lao dong cung la mot linh vuc can lam d Viet Nam Cac chfnh sach ve thi trudng lao dong can hudng tdi viec: Mot la, hoan thien he thdng luat phap nhdm tao mdi trudng thuan lqi cho viec canh tranh tu tren thi trudng lao dong Viec can bat dau tir viec nghien cuu, sua doi Bo luat lao dong theo hudng dam bao quyen lqi cua ngudi lao dong viec tu tim viec lam va di chuyen chd lam viec ma khong phu thuoc vao quyet dinh hanh chfnh noi cu tru; thuc hien rong rai che hop dong lao dong, tra luong theo hqp dong lao dong; hoan thien cai each tien luong - tien cong; tao dieu kien md rong san xuat tang them viec lam cho xa hoi, ke ca thdng qua xuat khau lao dong Hai la, nang cao linh hoat cua thi trudng lao dong: Di chuyen lao dong phai duqc coi la lanh manh, the hien trinh phat trien cao cua thi trudng lao dong; cd cac bien phap nhSm giam bdt rui ro di chuyen lao dong den cac vung dd thi; chuyen tir viec ap dung cac bien phap hanh chfnh nham han che' nhap cu vao cac vung dd thi sang ap dung cac bien phap hd trq, quan ly thdng qua khuyen khfch khai bao, tang cudng nghia vu cua ngudi lao dong nhap cu do'i 93 vdi cac vung thi; quy dinh quydn lqi va nghia vu cua ngudi lao dong nhap cu, cap the lao dong cho ngudi nhap cu, bao dam cho ngudi nhap cu duqc tham gia cac che bao hiem xa hoi, bao hidm y te; quy dinh trach nhiem cua cac don vi va ca nhan su dung lao dong nhap cu Ddi vdi ngudi lao dong di chuye’n den cac vung nong thon, cac chinh sach cdn hudng vao viec: Chuyen tu dau tu tai trq giup di chuyen la chinh sang tap trung ngudn von vao phat trien cac vung du an, chuan bi cac dieu kien co sd tang vd san xuat va sinh hoat de thu hut ngudi lao dong tu di chuyen den; xoa bd su phan biet giua ngudi lao dong nhap cu va ngudi dia phuong; md rong kha nang tiep can dat dai, tin dung, van hoa, giao due va y te ddi vdi ban than ngudi lao dong va cac vien khac gia dinh ho Ddi vdi lao dong xuat khau, can nghien cuu, xue tien md rong thi trudng xuat khau lao dong va chuyen gia; td chuc dao tao ngudn lao dong va chuyen gia phuc vu xuat khau; hoan thien he thong co che, chinh sach ve xuat khau lao dong va chuyen gia 94 KET LUAN Vdi muc dich danh gia chat luong tang trudng va nghien cuu cac bien phap nang cao chat luong tang trudng, dam bao tinh phat trien ben vung nhung nam tdi, luan van bat dau tir viec khao sat cac yeu to dan den tang trudng cao, cung nhu cac kinh nghiem va bai hoc ve chinh sach nang cao chai luong tang trudng kinh te cua cac nudc khu vuc Tiep theo, luan van tap trung vao viec diem lai qua trinh phat trien kinh te d nudc ta suot tir nhung nam luan van da vach nhung nhan to bat on ve kinh te xa hoi la nguy co tiem tang cho viec giam sut tang trudng kinh te dai han va lam giam hieu qua cac nd lire cua Chinh phu viec xoa ddi giam ngheo cho mot bd phan ldn nhan dan, timg budc tien tdi thu hep khoang each phat trien vdi cac nudc khu vuc Luan van da chung minh rang neu khong cd cac thay doi ldn ve chinh sach thi tang trudng kinh te d Viet Nam se chung lai va dong lire cho nang cao chat luong tang trudng va phat trien ben \ung se mat Cuoi cung, luan van da de xuat nhung kien nghi ldn lien quan den tinh cap bach phai cd mot cuoc cai each toan dien va sau rong tren hau het cac khia canh cua nen kinh te, va tom lit mot so net chinh cua cac bien phap cai each cu the ma Chinh phu can phai thuc hien thdi gian trudc mit Vi chu de cua luan van yeu cau moi phan tfch va ket luan phai duoc gin vao boi canh loan dien cua nen kinh le vdi cac bien dong ve chinh tri va xa hoi sau sic d Viet Nam suot hon thap ky qua nen day thuc la mot de tai rat rong, kho cd the tom lucre mot each hoan hao khuon kho cua mot luan van bac Thac si vdi nhung han che ve thdi gian hoan de tai trinh ly luan cua tac gia, chai luong cua cac so lieu thong ke, nguon tai lieu tham khao - dac biet la cac nghien cuu cd chai luong chuyen mon cao d nudc, kinh phi va didu kien nghien cuu v.v Vi vay, ring tac gia da het sure cd ging, pham vi cd the, hoan luan van vdi su hudng din sau sic va het Stic tan tinh ve chuyen mon va phuong phap nghien cuu cua cac giao vien, luan van khong tranh khoi nhieu sai sot ve noi dung va phuong phap luan Tac gia rat mong nhan dupe nhung danh gia va nhan xet, cung nhu gop y chi tiet de tiep tuc hoan chinh de tai thdi gian tdi 95 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Dinh Van An, Vo Tri Thanh (chu bien) - The che - Cai each the che va phat trien: Ly luan va thuc tien d nude ngoai va Viet Nam, CIEM (2002), NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi Le Xuan Ba - Co sd khoa hoc cho viec dinh hudng chinh sach va cac giai phap nang cao nang lire canh tranh cua nen kinh te Viet Nam qua trinh hoi nhap quoc te", Vien nghien cun quan ly kinh te Trung Uong, Ha Noi (8/2003) Vu Dinh Bach - Cac giai phap thuc day tang trirdng kinh te d Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban Chinh tri quoc gia Vu Dinh Bach - Dong lire huy dong cac ngudn lire phat trien kinh te d nude ta, Bao cao tdng hop Ha Noi (2000) Bao cao phat trien ngudi nam 2001, Trung tarn KHXH va NV Quoc gia, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia , Ha Noi (2001) Truong Van Ban, Ban ve cai each toan dien doanh nghiep Nha nude, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi (1996) Chuydn dich co cau kinh te' dieu kien hoi nhap vdi khu vuc va the gidi, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia Cai each co che chuyen doi chinh sach tien te cua Trung Quoc, Ngoai thuong (so' 1-10/3/2002) Chie'n luqc phat trien Khoa hoc cong nghe cua Trung Quoc, Tap chi Khoa hoc, Cong nghe, Mdi trudng (sd 12/2001) 10 Le Dang Doanh - Nang cao nang luc canh tranh va bao ho san xuat nude, NXB lao dong 11 Le Dang Doanh, Nguyen Minh Ty (chu bien) - Tang trudng kinh te va chinh sach xa hoi d Viet Nam qua trinh chuyen doi tir nam 1991 de'n nay: Kinh nghiem cua cac nude ASEAN, NXB Lao dong (2000) 12 Dang Cong San Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thur VI, 96 Nxb Su that, Ha Noi (1987) 13 Dang Cong San Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu VII, Nxb Str that, Ha Noi (1991) 14 Dang Cong San Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thu VIII, Nxb Chfnh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi (1996) 15 Dang Cong San Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc ldn thtr VII, VIII, IX, Chfnh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi (2001) 16 Fforde va de Vylder (1996) 17 Giao trinh Kinh te hoc Chfnh tri Mac - Lenin, Nha xuat ban Chfnh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi (1999) 18 Vo Ta Han, Tran Quoc Hung, Vu Quang Viet, chau A tir khung hoang nhin ve the ky 21, NXB Thanh Ho Chi Minh (2000) 19 Haughton va nhieu tac gia (2001) 20 Kho khan va giai phap ddi vdi tang trudng ben vung cua nhung nen kinh te dang chuydn ddi Vien Thdng tin khoa hoc xa hoi - Chuyen de, Ha Noi (1998) 21 Kinh te Viet Nam 2000, Vien Nghien cuu quan ly kinh te Trung Udng, NXB Thdng ke (2000) 22 Luu Luc, Toan cau hoa kinh te loi thoat cua Trung Quoc la d dau, NXB Khoa hoc Xa hoi, Ha Noi (2002) 23 Mot sd giai phap nang cao hieu qua chuyen dich cor cau kinh te d nudc ta, tap chi cong san, Ha Noi (2002) 24 Muc song thdi ky bung nd kinh te, Tdng cue Thdng ke, UNDP, NXB Thdng ke, Ha Noi (1998) 25 Nhung dinh hudng chfnh ve cong tac dieu hanh nen kinh te cua Chfnh phu giai doan 2002-2007, Thdng tin kinh te- xa hoi- Ha Noi, Bo KH va DT (09/2002) 26 Nhung budc chuyen bien co ban cua nen kinh te Trung Quoc 80 nam qua, Kinh te quoc te (sd 29/2001) 97 27 Duong Ba Phuong - Lien ket kinh te giua san xuat va thuong mai qua trinh chuydn sang ndn kinh te thi trudng, NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi va Nhan van Quoc gia (1995) 28 Su than ky Dong A: Tang trudng kinh te va chinh sach cong cong, NXB KHXH, Ha Noi (2001) 29 Nguydn The Tang, Qua trinh md cua doi ngoai cua Cong hoa nhan dan Trung Hoa, NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi (1997) 30 Tang trudng kinh te va cong bang xa hoi d mot so nude Chau A va Viet Nam Nha xuat ban Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi (1998) 31 Pham Dire Thanh, Dac didm dudng phat tridn kinh te xa hoi cua cac nude ASEAN, NXB KHXH, Ha Noi, NXB KHXH, Ha Noi (2001) 32 Pham Due Thanh, Truong Duy Hoa (Chu bien), Kinh te cac nude Dong Nam A- Thuc trang va trien vong, NXB KHXH (2002) 33 Toan canh buc tranh kinh te Viet Nam nam 2003, Vien nghien cuu quan ly kinh te Trung Dong 34 Trung tarn Khoa hoc xa hoi va Nhan van quoc gia, Toan cau hoa va anh hudng ddi vdi khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong: Cac khia canh kinh te, xa hoi va van hoa, Ky yeu dai hoi ldn thu XIV, Hiep hoi cac Hoi dong nghien cuu khoa hoc xa hoi chau A (AASSREC) 35 Tran Van Tho, Cong nghiep hoa Viet Nam thdi dai chau A - Thai Binh Duong, NXB Thanh Ho Chi' Minh (1997) 36 Tran Van Tung - Chat lupng tang trudng mot sd nude Dong A va goi y cho Viet Nam 37 Tran Van Tung, Cung cd thiet che dan chu de nang cao chat lupng tang trudng, nghien cuu til mot sd nen kinh te chau A, tap chi' Kinh te' chau A - Thai Binh Duong 38 Tran Van Tung, Cac nude dang phat trien nang cao nang suat bang each nao? 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