Hoàn thiện cơ chế quản lý cho vay đổi với hộ nghèo của ngân hàng chính sách xã hội việt nam

w TRUING DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN NGUYfeN HONG LAM DAI HOC K.T.O.D TT THONG TIN THU'VIEN PHONG LI AN AN -Tl LIEU HO AN THIEN CO CHE QUAN LY CHO VAY DOI V6I HO NGHEO CUA NGAN HANG CHINH SACH XA HOI VIET NAM CHUYEN NGANH: KINH TE - CHINH TRI LU AN VAN THAC SY KINH TE NGlOl 1ILONG DAN KHOA HOC: PGS.TS DANG VAN THANG piS ^40 HA NOI - 2014 LO’I CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghien cun doc lap cua rieng toi, cac so lieu luan van la trung thuc, co nguon goc va dirge trich dan ro rang De tai khong trung lap vdi bat ky cac cong trinh nghien cun khoa hoc nao HaNdi,ngay thang nam2014 Tac gia luan van Nguyen Hong Lam YEU CAU CUa H0I DvNG CHAM VAN TH^C Si ¥E Nhung diem can sua chtra bo sung truce nop luan van chfnh thilc cho Vigil ado tao SDH *7 Ay/ .,&:■//■■ 0#? ax -.-ley irih Ay/ ‘Su\ .^.-Z _ djtfU) ).c£;uct? Cam ket cua Hoc vien V1 ?? £4^ x/vYb Av/"/7 k^W.4 :K r De tai luan van: “Hoan thien co' che quan ly cho vay doi vdi ho ngheo cua ngan hang chinh sach xa hoi Viet Nam” Chuyen nganh: Kinh te - Chinh tri Tac gia luan van: Nguyen Hong Lam Ngudi nhan xet: PGS.TS To Due Hanh Co quan cong tac: Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan Trach nhiem HD: Phan bien Sau doc ky toan bo luan van, toi co mot so nhan xet cu the nhu sau: Ve tinh cap thiet cua de tai Xoa doi, giam ngheo la mot nhung chu truong ldn cua Dang va Nha nude ta Ty le ho ngheo d nude ta nhung nam qua da giam kha nhieu, song van chiem ty le ldn Mot nhung bien phap quan de xoa doi, giam ngheo la thuc hien giai quyet nguon von uu dai de cac ho ngheo phat trien san xuat kinh doanh Ngan hang chinh sach xa hoi (NHCSXH) dupe Chinh phu giao nhiem vu thuc hien chinh sach tin dung bang nguon von chu yeu tu NSNN va cac nguon von xa hoi hoa de cho vay doi vdi ho ngheo, gop phan dap ung nhu cau von phat trien san xuat cho cac ho ngheo d nude ta Thuc hien nhiem vu kho khan do, nhung nam qua NHCSXH da cho vay dupe khoi lupng von kha ldn doi vdi cac ho ngheo, ma van dam bao ty le np qua han thap Tuy nhien, qua trinh thuc hien cho vay doi vdi ho ngheo cung van boc lo nhieu bat cap can phai khac phuc Vdi y nghia do, HVCH Nguyen Hong Lam lua chon “Hoan thien co' che r quan ly cho vay doi voi ho ngheo cua ngan hang chinh sach xa hoi Viet Nam” lam de tai luan van thac sy kinh te cua minh, theo toi day la van de mang ti'nh cap thiet ca ve ly luan va thuc tien De tai phu hop vdi doi tupng cua chuyen nganh nghien cuu va khong trung lap vdi cac cong trinh nghien cuu khoa hoc khac da cong bo d ca va ngoai nude ma toi dupe biet Nhung ket qua dat duoc va dong gop khoa hoc cua luan van - Luan van da xay dung, phan tich kha day du khung ly luan co ban ve co che quan ly cho vay doi vdi ho ngheo cua NHCSXH VN bao gom: Quan niem ve NHCSXH, vai tro cua NHCSXH nen KTTT Quan niem ve ho ngheo; phan tich dac diem cua ho ngheo, dac trung cho vay doi vdi ho ngheo; phan tich cac nguyen tac va phuong thuc cho vay doi vdi ho ngheo cua NHCSXH Dong thdi luan van phan tich yeu to cau thanh; nhan to anh hudng va sir can thiet hoan thien co che QLCV doi vdi ho ngheo cua NHCSXH Ngudi doc dong tinh vdi nhung phan tich tren day cua tac gia - Luan van phan tich, khao sat kinh nghiem thuc tien ve hoan thien co che QLCV doi vdi ho ngheo cua Trung Quoc, Indonesia va Bangladesh Tir rut bai hoc kinh nghiem cd the van dung hoan thien co che che QLCV doi vdi ho ngheo cua NHCSXH Viet Nam Toi cho rang cac bai hoc ma luan van rut kha sat thuc va cd y nghTa thiet thuc cho NHCSXH Viet Nam - Vdi van phong sang, dupe minh hoa bang nhung so lieu phong phu va kha cap nhat, luan van da chi ro thuc trang co che QLCV doi vdi ho ngheo cua NHCSXH Viet Nam nhung nam qua tren cac noi dung: He thong chinh sach, phap luat cho vay doi vdi ho ngheo; Quy trinh QLCV doi vdi ho ngheo; Phoi hop hoat dong vdi cac to chuc Chinh tri - xa hoi nhan uy thac; Thuc hien tra, kiem tra, chontftieu cue, tham nhung Luan van danh gia va rut tiru dat dupe; ton tai, han che cua co che QLCV doi vdi ho ngheo cua NHCSXH Viet Nam nhung nam qua - Tren co so phan tich ly luan ve co che QLCV doi vdi ho ngheo cua NHCSXH d chuong 1, khao sat va danh gia thuc trang co che QLCV doi vdi ho ngheo cua NHCSXH VN d chuong 2, sang chuong luan van da de xuat phuong huong co ban va giai phap hoan thien co che QLCV doi vdi ho ngheo cua NHCSXH nhung nam tdi Nhin chung cac giai phap ma luan van de xuat kha dong bo, phan tich co co so khoa hoc, vi vay theo tdi cac giai phap cd tinh kha thi Luan van da dat dupe nhung ket qua nhu tren Tuy nhien luan van van mot so han che, neu dupe khac phuc thi gia tri luan van se cao hon: - Noi dung ve yeu to cau co che QLCV d chuong (tr 30), la chua hop ly, do phan khao sat thuc trang d chuong venh vdi noi dung Trong muc 2.3.2.(tr 76) tieu de cd nguyen nhan cua ton tai , nhung phan trinh bay lai khong co - Trong noi dung luan van trinh bayrifeu muc chua that can doi va hop ly, nhu: Tiet 1.1 Nhung van de chung ve NHCSXH va cho vay doi vdi ho ngheo Day khong phai la tiet chinh cua luan van, nhung tac gia trinh bay den 24 trang (chiem qua nua chuong I); tiet 1.2 Ve co che cho vay Day la tiet chu yeu thi lai chi trinh bay 10 trang Tuong tu nhu vay, d chuong 2: tiet 2.1 Khai quat ve NHCSXH VN: cung trinh bay den 14 trang - Trong mot so tieu muc chua chuan xac va chua day du, can chinh sua, nhu: Ten chuong 1, thieu tu: “ve co che”; Tiet 2.2, thieu tu: “ho ngheo”; Giai phap 3.2.4 va 3.2.5 Can bo tu “nhom”; Ten muc 1.2.1 Khai niem , nen thay lieu tham khao khong xep theo van Ket luan Mac du mot so han che, nhung la han che nho, khong anh huong nhieu den chat luong cua luan van Nhin chung luan van la cong trinh nghien cuu doc lap, cong phu va nghiem tuc cua tac gia De tai cua luan van phu hop voi doi tuong cua chuyen de nghien cuu va khong trung lap voi cac cong trinh khoa hoc khac da dupe cong bo Luan van da dap ung dupe yeu cau cua mot luan van thac sy kinh te chuyen nghanh kinh te chinh tri Tac gia cua luan van xung dang dupe nhan hoc vi thac sy kinh te Ha Noi 30 thang 11 nam 2014 Ngubi nhan xet PGS.TS To Due Hanh 96 hudng; ho vay co phuong an vay von dung quy dinh Cac doi tuong vay von phai tuan thu dung quy dinh cua tung chuong trinh tin dung, neu la ho ngheo phai theo chuan ngheo theo quy dinh cua Nha nudc cong bo tung thdi ky, neu la cac doi tugng chinh sach khac thi theo doi tugng quy dinh cu the de tien hanh binh xet Chinh quyen dia phuong co trach nhiem doi chieu vdi danh sach doi tugng ho ngheo va doi tugng chinh sach khac, thuc hien xac nhan dung doi tugng lam co sd de NHCSXH xet duyet cho vay Budc ba: NHCSXH tiep nhan, hoan thien ho so, xet duyet cho vay: day la khau kiem duyet cua ngan hang, can xem xet tinh day du va yeu to phap ly cua ho so tin dung, kiem tra, doi chieu cac thong tin tren ho so tin dung vdi cac quy dinh lien quan den doi tugng, chuang trinh cho vay Doi vdi cac budc lai: NHCSXH thong bao giai ngan, kiem tra su dung vdn vay (NHCSXH kiem tra true tiep hoac uy thac qua cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hoi nhan uy thac); thu hoi vdn vay Trong do, viec giai ngan va thu ng NHCSXH to chuc thuc hien true tiep doi vdi khach hang Trudng hgp co rui ro xay ra, can cd bien phap phan tich, xu ly cu the, kip thdi Van de quan trong quy trinh tin dung cho vay doi vdi ho ngheo, la can khan truong nghien cuu, xac dinh ro trach nhiem cua bo phan tham gia vao quy trinh tin dung: can quy dinh rd rang, cu the cac tieu chi, trach \ A nhiem, quyen lgi, xu ly vi pham va phai phu hgp vdi dieu kien, nang luc cua tung bo phan, tung cap Dieu can co su chi dao, phoi hgp cua chinh quyen, cac nganh vi tin dung cua NHCSXH thuc hien cho vay theo phuong thuc uy thac qua cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hoi, ve doi tugng thu hudng chinh sach dugc soat tu co sd, Uy ban nhan dan cap xa xac nhan Trach nhiem cua cac bo phan tham gia quy trinh tin dung khong dugc quy dinh ro se dan den sai doi tugng, nguon vdn cua Nha nudc bi lam dung Do vay, can cd quy dinh ro trach nhiem doi vdi cac bo phan 97 3.2.3 Hoim thien bo may to chwc thuc hien cua NHCSXH • • •/ • • De dam bao nang cao hieu qua co che QLCV doi voi ho ngheo cua NHCSXH, viec hoan thien bo may to chuc co y nghia quan mang tinh quyet dinh, dap ung yeu cau cua cong cuoc doi moi, phu hop voi qua trinh phat trien cua nen kinh te cung nhu cua xu huong hoi nhap kinh te quoc te Bo may to chuc cua NHCSXH (Hoi dong quan tri o Trung uong va Ban dai dien Hoi r A dong quan tri cap tinh, huyen) thuc hien vai tro tham muu hoach dinh chinh sach nguon von, chinh sach dau tu va chi dao, giam sat viec thuc thi chinh sach tin dung cua Nha nuoc Bo may dieu hanh tac nghiep thuc hien vai tro to chuc dieu hanh nguon von, thuc thi chinh sach Viec hoan thien bo may to chuc phai dat duoc muc tieu sau: tang cudng phat huy vai tro tham muu, hoach dinh chinh sach cua bo may quan tri, xay dung doi ngu can bo NHCSXH co pham chat dao duc tot, yeu nghe, gidi chuyen mon nghiep vu, thao ky nang lam viec, co nang luc lanh dao, quan ly, co trinh tin hoc, ngoai ngu va co tinh than phuc vu nhan dan, co kha nang tiep can cong dong Qua khao sat cho thay, Bo may quan tri ngan hang hoat dong cOn mot so han che, nhan thuc chua day du, chua thuc hien het chuc nang, nhiem vu, hoat dong cua Ban dai dien mot so noi hinh thuc, chua thuc su quan tam nam bat, chi dao kip thdi Bo may dieu hanh tac nghiep trinh quan ly han che, nang luc chuyen mon cua can bo chua dap ung toi da yeu cau nhiem vu, chua co co che xu ly trach nhiem doi voi chinh quyen, doan the dia phuong viec xac nhan khong dung doi tuong thu huong chinh sach Do chua phat huy het hieu qua nguon von, co che quan ly nguon von mot so noi ldng leo de dan toi sai pham De giai quyet cac ton tai tren, can tap r trung mot so giai phap hoan thien bo may to chuc nhu sau: Mot la, tap trung nang cao suc manh hoat dong cua Hoi dong quan tri, a r yr Ban dai dien Hoi dong quan tri cac cap viec nghien cuu, de xuat ban 98 hanh ca che chinh sach va giam sat hoat dong cua NHCSXH Dam bao su chi dao thong nhat hoat dong tir Hoi dong quan tri den Ban dai dien Hoi dong quan tri cap tinh, cap huyen Phat huy vai tro cua Uy ban nhan dan xa, gan ket voi su chi dao cua Ban dai dien Hoi dong quan tri cap huyen Hai la, cung co, hoan thien mo hinh quan ly, dieu hanh d ba cap: trung uong, tinh, huyen theo hudng tap trung su quan ly thong nhat d trung uong, r tinh gian cac khau trung gian dam bao bo may gon nhe, hieu qua, tiet kiem, md rong hoat dong dich vu tai cac diem giao dich luu dong d xa, phuong Ba la, nang cao chat lugng dich vu uy thac cua cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hoi, To TK&VV Chu yeu du ng cua NHCSXH dugc thuc hien cho vay X theo phuong thuc uy thac tung phan qua to chuc chinh tri - xa hoi (Hoi Cuu chien binh, Hoi Nong dan, Hoi Lien hiep Phu nu, Doan nien) vdi cong doan uy thac Thong qua hoat dong uy thac da tung budc xa hoi hoa hoat dong tin dung Mac du vay, chat lugng uy thac han che, chua dong deu De nang cao chat lugng tin dung, cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hoi can tap trung lam tot cong tac tuyen truyen va tham gia thuc hien tot chinh sach tin dung uu dai doi vdi ho ngheo va cac doi tugng chinh sach To chuc long ghep cac chuong trinh, du an san xuat kinh doanh, chuyen doi co cau, lua chgn cay trong, vat nudi, nganh nghe, cac chuang trinh chuyen giao cong nghe, khuyen nong, khuyen lam, khuyen ngu, Ket hgp chuang trinh kinh te vdi chuang trinh xay dung ca sd tang va chuang trinh van hoa - xa hoi nham ho trg ngudi vay su dung von vay dung muc dich, han che rui ro Nang cao vai tro quan ly, kiem tra, giam sat hoat dong cua cac To TK&VV Chu dong dao tao, nang cao chat lugng doi ngu can bo lam dich vu uy thac, Ban quan ly To TK&VV thong qua hinh thuc tu dao tao hoac thuc hien chuong trinh hgp tac vdi NHCSXH Nghien cuu, day manh ung dung cong nghe thong tin vao qua trinh quan ly hoat dong uy thac cua cac to chuc hoi theo hudng hien dai, 99 chuyen nghiep Tiep tuc cung co To TK&VV, dam bao hai hoa giua viec to chuc To TK&VV theo to chuc hoi va To TK&VV theo dia ban thon, theo hudng uu tien trudc het cho cac hoat dong cua cac hoi Cu the hoa cac dieu kien, tieu chuan can bo to chuc hoi, Ban quan ly To TK&VV de thuc hien dich vu uy thac 3.2.4 Nhom giai phap hoan thien cV co’chi uy thac cho vay qua cac Hoi, Doan tie De hoat dong uy thac duoc thuc hien ro rang, chinh xac nham phan dinh trach nhiem cua can bo NHCSXH, Hoi, doan the va To TK&VV de tai de xuat hoat dong uy thac can phan dinh loai nhiem vu: Mot la, nhiem vu uy thac: bao gom cac nhiem vu chung hoat dong uy thac cho vay Xay dung moi quan he giua Hoi, doan the nhan uy thac, To TK&VV va NHCSXH Hai la nhiem vu thuc hien quy trinh cho vay uy thac: bao gom cac nhiem vu cu the doi voi mot mon vay uy thac ma Hoi, doan the can phai thuc hien tu khau binh xet cho vay den khau thu duoc het no De xuat sua doi nhom che tai thuc hien uy thac theo hudng cang nang cao chat luong tin dung de phu hop vdi chien luoc phat trien NHCSXH Ngoai ra, can hoan thien ve quy che hoat dong cua To TK&VV, cu the la: Hudng dan ve To TK&VV: dia chi ngudi vay phai chi tiet den khu dan cu de tien tim kiem To trudng cu khong lam Sap xep cac vien To lien cu (NHCSXH se ban hanh viec hinh To TK&VV tu cac khu dan cu) Khi ket nap vien vao phai dung khu lien cu thon bdi vi neu cac To trudng khong nam duoc cach thuc ma chi cung thong nen chi mot thdi gian sau To TK&VV se hoat dong long leo va de bi pha vd Hudng dan chi tieu binh xet cho vay: can mo ta chi tiet cac tieu chi binh xet va cu the hudng dan theo quy che theo mau de cac To trudng To 100 TK&VV de dang thuc hien Hoi so chinh can co huong dan diem Dieu cua Quy che To chuc va hoat dong cua To TK&VV ban hanh kem theo Quyet dinh so 15/QD-HDQT r r 3,2.5 Nhom giai phap nang cao kha nang tiep can vdn tin dung NHCSXH cua ho ngheo De ngudi vay hieu duoc nhung nguyen tac quan ly tai chinh, ngan hang cung la muc tieu cua cac chuong trinh tin dung chinh sach Can bo cac Phdng giao dich chi hudng dan va de ngudi vay tu lam To trudng, can bo NHCSXH khong lam thay ho vay nhu don xin vay, don gia han no, Ddi vdi nhung trudng hop ca biet nhan thuc ve each thuc san xuat kinh doanh hay su dung vdn vay, dia phuong can phoi hop vdi cac doan the phan cong true tiep cd ngudi giup Ddi vdi cac khoan no ca biet, ngudi vay chay y, NHCSXH A f de nghi dia phuong phoi hop xu ly Ket hop vdi nhung ngudi cd uy tin d cac xa, thon de trien khai tin dung chinh sach cung nhu de xu ly no vay Nhung ca nhan cung nhu cac Hoi, doan the co uy tin nhat dinh nen cd the gay anh hudng den cac ddi tuong chinh sach Xay dung guong dien hinh viec chap hanh che do, chinh sach tin dung cua dia phuong lam cho cac ho vay khac hoc tap Cap uy, chinh quyen xa va cac doan the hang nam tap hop cac guong dien hinh ve san xuat kinh doanh de bieu duong, rut bai hoc de ddi tuong ngudi ngheo noi theo Trudc giai ngan can hop de tuyen truyen, day la thdi diem thich hop vi ngudi vay de tarn den nghe nhung thong tin chinh sach Tuy theo thuc te ma viec tuyen truyen d muc hop tat ca, hay bien den mot sd ngudi vay •> r r Thong qua ngudi vay de minh chung cho hoat dong cua NHCSXH Cd gang hudng dan ngudi vay tu minh su dung cac dich vu cua NHCSXH va thong qua To TK&VV, Hoi, doan the de hudng dan ngudi vay Can bo To, Hoi va NHCSXH khong lam thay ho vay nhu giu sd, lam ho don ma hudng dan 101 cho ngudi vay tu lam Tung budc giup nguoi vay su dung cac dich vu tai chinh ngan hang Trude het la dich vu gui tien tiet kiem va vay von, sau den dich vu khac nhu chuyen tien Can nang cao nhan thuc cua ho ngheo viec vay von Can cai thien viec giao due cho ngudi ngheo Cac ldp xoa mu chu cung nhu phuang thuc canh tac mdi, giong mdi, chuyen giao cong nghe se giup day manh san xuat kinh doanh Tu tudng y lai vao su giup cua cac cap chinh quyen dia phuang cung anh hudng tdi su tu luc vuon len san xuat kinh doanh Can dao tao dinh hudng san xuat kinh doanh cong dong ngudi ngheo Khuyen nong, khuyen lam, khuyen ngu la nhung chuang trinh rat cd gia tri viec dinh hudng kinh doanh cho ngudi ngheo Can nang cao hieu biet ve ngan hang cho cong dong ngudi ngheo bang nhung each tuyen truyen de hieu, de nhd 3.2.6 Tang cuffng kiem tra, giam sat boat dong ngan hang Kiem tra, giam sat, phong ngua rui ro la yeu to dac biet quan doi vdi he thong ngan hang, nd dam bao cac hoat dong ngan hang thuc hien dung cac quy dinh cua phap luat Nha nudc, dung quy dinh cua ngan hang da ban hanh, kip thdi phat hien sai pham de cd bien phap khac phuc, xu ly Dong thdi, qua kiem tra, giam sat phat hien nhung quy dinh chua phu hap thuc tien, kien nghi sua doi, bo sung hoan thien co che Cong tac kiem tra, kiem soat hoat dong cua NHCSXH hien tai chua dap ung duoc yeu cau, dac biet la yeu cau ve tinh phat hien, canh bao, phong ngua tu xa Nguyen nhan chinh nhan thuc va vai tro, trach nhiem cua bo may to chuc chua cao, nang luc kiem tra, giam sat han che, viec kiem tra, giam sat hinh thuc, khong thuc hien het trach nhiem, ne nang, su phoi hop cua cac cap, cac nganh lien quan viec thuc hien nhiem vu kiem tra, giam sat chua thudng xuyen, chua hieu qua Do vay, can tang cudng, dieu chinh hoat dong kiem tra, giam sat de kip thdi phat hien, ngan ngua cac sai pham, cu the: 102 Thu nhat, nang cao vai trd cua Hoi dong quan tri, Ban dai dien HDQT cac cap viec kiem tra, giam sat, tong ket thuc tien qua trinh thuc hien chinh sach tin dung uu dai de kip thoi tham muu vdi Chinh phu, cac bo, nganh va dia phuong xem xet bo sung cac chuang trinh tin dung chinh sach, dich vu tai chinh phuc vu doi tuong hudng tin dung chinh sach phu hop tren pham vi toan quoc hoac dia phuong., chinh sura cac chuang trinh tin dung dieu kien phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tung chinh sach hien cd cho phu thdi ky Gan hoat dong cua Ban dai dien HDQT vdi cong tac chi dao hoat dong cua Ban giam ngheo den cap xa Huy dong su tham gia true tiep cua Chu tich UBND cap xa vao hoat dong quan tri NHCSXH Thu hai, tang cudng su phoi hop cua ngan hang co sd vdi cac co quan ban nganh cd lien quan tai dia phuong, cac to chuc hoi nhan dich vu uy thac de tang cudng cong tac kiem tra giam sat, long ghep chuang trinh cho vay vdi hoat dong khuyen nong, khuyen lam quan ly nang cao chat luong To TK&VV Tang cudng cong tac kiem tra, kiem soat noi bo doi vdi hoat dong cua To TK&VV, su dung vdn vay cua ngudi vay; dao tao Ban quan ly To TK&VV va can bo Hoi lam dich vu uy thac Thu ba, Thuc hien viec kiem tra, giam sat cua cong dong doi vdi co che phoi hop cd hieu qua viec kiem tra, giam sat, kiem toan cua cac co quan chuyen mon cua Dang, Nha nudc, cac don vi nhan uy thac, khach hang va nhan dan vdi hoat dong he thong kiem tra, kiem toan noi bo Thuc hien tot viec cong khai hoa hoat dong va ket qua kiem tra, giam sat cua NHCSXH de cap uy, chinh quyen cac cap va ngudi dan biet Thudng xuyen theo doi, kiem tra cong tac to chuc trien khai chinh sach r tin dung, quy trinh tin dung, cong tac su dung vdn cua ho vay, coi day la nhiem vu thudng xuyen, dinh ky va dugc thuc hien cd he thong, khach quan Cong tac danh gai dugc tien hanh dinh ky hoac dot xuat 103 Chu cong tac kiem tra kiem soat noi bo, tra, kiem tra, kiem toan ddi voi hoat dong tin dung de tham dinh, danh gia, phat hien va ngan ngua kip thdi cac hanh vi vi pham phap luat, kien quyet xu ly thu hoi ddi vdi cac khoan vay khong dung doi tuong, cd bien phap truy cuu trach nhiem ddi vdi ngudi cd tinh lam sai quy dinh lam that thoat nguon vdn tin dung uu dai cua Nha nudc Tang cudng phoi hop chi dao, kiem tra, giam sat cua cap uy, chinh quyen BDD HDQT cac cap, cua cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hoi va su giam sat cua ngudi dan, nham phat huy sue manh tong hop cua he thong chinh tri - xa hoi vao cuoc giam sat viec to chuc thuc hien chinh sach tin dung uu dai Nang cao chat luong doi ngu can bo lam cong tac kiem tra, giam sat thong qua hoat dong dao tao, tap huan, hoi thao, hoc tap kinh nghiem, tren cac phuong dien quan ly va nghiep vu chuyen mon Can bo cd trinh do, nang luc quan ly, am hieu chuyen mon dong thdi cd ky nang chuyen sau ve nghiep vu kiem tra, giam sat mdi cd the thuc hien tot cong tac kiem tra, giam sat Thu tu, cong tac kiem tra dat tarn vao kiem tra, giam sat su tuan thu chinh sach, phap luat cua Nha nudc, quy che va viec tuan thu quy trinh tin dung; kiem tra giam sat viec thuc hien ke hoach; kiem tra cong tac can bo viec thuc hien chuc trach, nhiem vu qua trinh hoat dong de lam sach doi ngu can bo, dau tranh, phdng chong tham nhung Thu nam, tang cudng kiem tra, giam sat khong dung lai d muc phat hien sai pham Van de quan hon nua dd la phat hien nhung van de cua co che, chinh sach chua phu hop vdi thuc tien, quy luat khach quan de de xuat vung cua he thong NHCSXH noi rieng va su phat trien kinh te - xa hoi noi chung Mot van de quan nua la tang cudng kiem tra, giam sat de don doc, tao dieu kien thuan loi hoan tot nhiem vu duoc giao 104 Ket qua kiem tra, giam sat bao gom viec phat huy ket qua dat dirge nham khuyen khich, tim cai mdi, cai tot, nhan dien hinh tien tien thuc hien co che chinh sach, dong thdi chi mat ton tai, han che va de xuat giai phap khac phuc ton tai, sai sot Kiem tra, giam sat la cong cu quan ly, tac dong den y thuc, hanh vi tuan thu co che, xu ly nghiem minh, dut diem nhung hanh vi co tinh sai pham, ngan ngua tham nhung, tieu cue 3.3 MOT SO DE XUAT KIEN NGHI • • r 3.3.1 Kien nghi voi Chinh phii va Bo nganh lien quan Nham tao dieu kien cho NHCSXH hoan tot nhiem vu duoc Thu tudng Chinh phu giao, tang tinh tu chu hoat dong, nang cao hieu qua tin A > r dung chinh sach, gop phan dam bao an sinh xa hoi, dong thdi giup giam cap bu tu ngan sach Nha nudc, kinh de nghi Thu tudng Chinh phu chi dao cac Bo, nganh lien quan, thdi gian tdi, nghien cuu, de xuat cac giai phap nham thao go nhung kho khan, vudng mac hien nay, cu the la: - Kien nghi vdi cac Bo: Tai chinh, Ke hoach va Dau tu, Ngan hang Nha nudc thao go nhung kho khan, vudng mac co che tao lap nguon von va co che tai chinh cua NHCSXH hien theo hudng on dinh, ben vung + Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu, Bo Tai chinh tiep tuc nghien cuu, trinh Thu tudng Chinh phu bo tri cap bo sung von dieu le hang nam cho NHCSXH theo noi dung chien luoc phat trien NHCSXH giai doan 2011 - 2020 da duoc Thu r \ r n tudng Chinh phu phe duyet So de nghi cap bo sung hang nam tuong ung ty le tang tin dung nam theo ke hoach duoc Thu tudng Chinh phu giao + Ngan hang Nha nudc Viet Nam xem xet, xu ly 23.796 ty dong NHCSXH vay theo hudng: cho phep su dung dai han 11.796 ty dong va chuyen 12.000 ty dong von vay von cap bo sung cho chuong trinh tin dung HSSV 105 r a + Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu, Bo Tai chinh, Ngan hang Nha nudc quan tarn, tao dieu kien cho NHCSXH duoc tiep can vdi cac du an vay vdn ODA cd muc tieu du an lien quan tdi cac chuong trinh tin dung chinh sach ma NHCSXH dang thuc hien nhu: giam ngheo, bao ve mdi trudng, tai chinh vi md de tao lap nguon vdn lai suat thap, on dinh lau dai • Nghien cuu, ban hanh cac chinh sach, cu che phu hup nham khuyen khich cac to chuc tai chinh, tin dung, cac tap doan kinh te dong gop vao nguon vdn tin dung chinh sach, thong qua cac hinh thuc nhu: uu tien mua trai phieu NHCSXH duoc Chinh phu bao lanh, uy thac dau tu cho vay chinh sach, gop vdn khong hoan lai de tao nguon vdn cho vay quay vong • Giao dinh muc chi phi quan ly cho NHCSXH on dinh thdi han 3-5 nam va xem xet, nang muc trich lap du phong rui ro tin dung tinh tren du nu binh quan tu 0,02% len 0,2% Bo sung cu che cho phep NHCSXH duuc thuc hien chi ve tiep thi khuyen mai huy dong vdn va chi ve xu ly cac khoan nu cua nhung ngudi vay cd kha nang tra nu nhung cd tinh chay y khong tra (hien cac NHTM dang ap dung tra cho cac dun vi phap nhan, ca nhan theo ty le tinh tren sd tien thu hoi duuc) + Bo Lao dong - Thuong binh va Xa hoi nghien cuu, trinh Thu tudng Chinh phu • Cd co che xu ly dac thu doi vdi cac khoan no qua han mot sd nguyen nhan chua duoc quy dinh cu che xu ly no rui ro cua NHCSXH doi vdi chuong trinh cho vay xuat khau lao dong (ngudi lao dong khong dap ung yeu cau cua doanh nghiep su dung lao dong, ngudi lao dong nhan luong r \ va thu nhap khac thap hon thu nhap ghi Hup dong, thu nhap cua ngudi lao dong khong du bu dap chi phi sinh hoat) 106 • Sura doi Thong tu so 21/2012/TT-BLDTBXH 05/09/2012 huong dan quy trinh dieu tra, soat ho ngheo, ho can ngheo hang nam theo huong chuyen tu dieu tra moi nam 01 lan mdi nam 02 lan, nham soat, bo sung ho ngheo, ho can ngheo va doi tuong chinh sach khac, lam can cu cho viec trien khai cac chuong trinh tin dung chinh sach cua Nha nuoc duoc kip thoi, gop phan giam ngheo, dam bao an sinh xa hoi r \ r 3.3.2 Kien nghi voi cap uy, chinh quyen dia phuong va cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hoi • • r \ r Cap uy, chinh quyen dia phuong tang cudng chi dao cac cap uy dang, chinh quyen va cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hoi co sd phoi hop chat che hon nua vdi NHCSXH viec nang cao chat luong hoat dong tin dung chinh sach, long ghep co hieu qua cac chuong trinh khuyen nong, khuyen cong, khuyen lam, khuyen ngu voi hoat dong tin dung chinh sach, bdi dudng kien thuc san xuat, kinh doanh cho ngudi vay vdn Hoi dong nhan dan, Uy ban nhan dan cac tinh, tiep tuc danh mot phan sd tang thu va tiet kiem chi ngan sach dia phuong hang nam uy thac cho NHCSXH de cho vay cac ddi tuong chinh sach tren dia ban, gop phan tang cudng nguon vdn tin dung giam ngheo tai dia phuong Cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hoi nhan uy thac tang cudng hon nua cong tac chi dao to chuc hoi cac cap thuc hien tot cac cong doan uy thac, phoi hop chat che vdi NHCSXH viec cung cd, nang cao chat luong hoat dong tin dung chinh sach, dac biet d cac dia phuong cd chat luong tin dung thap: cung cd hoat dong cua To TK&VV; tang cudng cong tac kiem tra, giam sat, thu hoi no den han./ 107 KET LUAN Tin dung uu dai doi voi ho ngheo va cac doi tuong chinh sach khac la mot chu truong Ion cua Dang va Nha nude viec phat trien kinh te thi trudng theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghTa, tang trudng kinh te phai di doi vdi r \ \ tien bo va cong bang xa hoi De gop phan nang cao hieu qua tin dung cho vay doi vdi ho ngheo luan van da tap trung phan tich lam sang to co sd ly luan va thuc tien co che quan ly cho vay doi vdi ho ngheo cua NHCSXH Tren co sd dd de xuat phuong hudng, giai phap hoan thien co che quan ly cho vay doi vdi ho ngheo Luan van di sau nghien cuu thuc chat cua viec hoan thien co che, chinh sach tin dung, danh gia vai trd to ldn cua nd lmh vuc kinh te, xa hoi, xoa doi, giam ngheo theo chieu hudng tich cue, phan tich anh hudng cua mot sd nhan to den qua trinh hoan thien co che, chinh sach tren co sd ly luan va thuc tien va kinh nghiem d mot sd nudc tren the gidi Tu co sd ly luan va nhung ly luan mang tinh khoa hoc bien chung, luan van da neu len su can thiet phai hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH Luan van tap trung phan tich thuc trang thuc hien co che tin dung va qua trinh hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH, dac biet la ket qua sau nam thuc hien Nghi dinh 78/2002/ND-CP cua Chinh phu ve tin dung doi vdi ngudi ngheo va cac doi tuong chinh sach khac den Vdi su phan tich thuc te kem theo sd lieu qua cac nam, luan van da lam rd tac dong cua co che tin dung doi vdi ket qua phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, xoa doi giam ngheo Tuy nhien, nhung ket qua chua tuong xung, chua phu hop vdi tien trinh phat trien ma nguyen nhan dan den dieu la co che, chinh sach tin dung uu dai nhieu bat cap Luan van da trinh bay nhung han che cua co che, cu tin dung uu dai cua NHCSXH Tren co sd phan tich han che nay, luan van di sau trinh bay phuong hudng va de mot so giai phap doi mdi, hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH 108 Cac giai phap nham hoan thien co che quan ly cho vay doi voi ho ngheo, thu nhat, thoi gian tai, ca cau nhom khach hang NHCSXH co su chien luge khach hang, lai suat va huy dong nguon von ; thu hai, xac lap quy trinh tin dung hop ly va duoc tuan thu chat che, giup nang cao chat lugng tin dung, va giam thieu rui ro; thu ba, tap trung cong tac hoan thien bo may to r a chuc, nhat la nang cao sue manh hoat dong cua Hoi dong quan tri, Ban dai dien Hoi dong quan tri cac cap, cung cd, hoan thien mo hinh quan ly, dieu hanh, nang cao chat lugng dich vu uy thac; thu tu, nang cao nang luc hoat dong cua NHCSXH ve nguon nhan luc, phat huy su tham gia cua cac doi tugng khach hang, quan ly va xu ly ng rui ro, ung dung cong nghe thong tin phuc vu cong tac khai thac, quan ly du lieu; thu nam, tang cudng kiem tra giam sat Hoan thien co che tin dung cua NHCSXH la van de ldn, lien quan den A chu truang, chinh sach cua Dang, Nha nudc va pham vi nhieu nganh, tac gia da het sue co gang nhung de tai hoan toan mdi nen khong tranh khoi cd khiem khuyet Mong rang thdi gian tdi, de tai tiep tuc dugc nghien cuu, bo sung, hoan thien de phat huy manh me hon ngu nguon von tin dung uu dai cua Nha nudc cho vay doi vdi ho ngheo va cac doi tugng chinh sach khac, dap ung yeu cau qua trinh phat trien cua nen kinh te thi trudng, dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia, hoi nhap kinh te quoc te 109 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • > Frederich S.Mishkin (1993), Tien te ngan hang va thi trudng tai chinh, NXB Khoa hoc va ky thuat, Ha Noi Thu tudng Chinh phu (2002), Quyet dinh so 131/2002/QD-TTg, 04/10/2002 ve viec Thanh lap NHCSXH Viet Nam Bo Giao due va Dao tao (2002), Giao trinh Kinh te chinh tri Mac - Lenin, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia Chinh phu (2002), Nghi dinh so 78/2002/ND-CP, 04/10/2002 ve tin dung ddi vdi ngudi ngheo va cac ddi tuong chinh sach khac Thu tudng Chinh phu (2003), Quyet dinh sd 16/2003/QD-TTg, 22/01/2003 ve viec Phe duyet Dieu le to chuc va hoat dong cua NHCSXH Viet Nam Thu tudng Chinh phu (2004), Chi thi sd 09/2004/CT-TTg, 16/03/2003 ve viec nang cao nang luc va hieu qua hoat dong cua NHCSXH Thu tudng Chinh phu (2003), Chi thi sd 05/2003/CT-TTg, 18/03/2003 ve chi dao hoat dong cua NHCSXH Chu tich Hoi dong quan tri NHCSXH (2003), Quyet dinh sd 161/QDHDQT 17/4/2003 ve viec ban hanh Quy che hoat dong cua Hoi dong quan tri NHCSXH Chu tich Hoi dong quan tri NHCSXH (2003), Quyet dinh sd 162/QDHDQT 17/4/2003 ve viec ban hanh Quy che hoat dong cua Ban \ f dai dien Hoi dong quan tri NHCSXH cac cap 10 Chu tich Hoi dong quan tri NHCSXH (2003), Quyet dinh sd 783/QDHDQT 29/7/2003 ve viec ban hanh Quy che to chuc va hoat dong cua To TK & VV 110 11 TS Nguyen Kim Anh, Ths Do Kim Hao (2006), Nhung kien thuc co ban ve tin dung, phuong phap quan ly cap tin dung, Tai lieu giang day, Hoc vien Ngan hang 12 PGS.TS Doan Thi Thu Ha, PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Ngoc Huyen (2006), Giao trinh Chinh sach kinh te - xa hoi, NXB Khoa hoc va ky thuat 13 Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2006, 2011), Van kien Dai hoi Dang toan quoc Ian thu X, XI, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia 14 PGS.TS Nguyen Van Dinh (2008), Giao trinh An sinh xa hoi, NXB Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan 15 NHCSXH Viet Nam, Cac van ban nghiep vu tin dung 16 Cac trang website: http: //www.chinhphu.vn http: //www.bacgiang.gov.vn http: //www.mof.gov.vn http: //www.vbsp.org.vn 17 NHCSXH Viet Nam (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, thang dau nam 2014), Bao cao tong ket nam 18 PGS.TS Phan Thi Thu Ha (2009), Giao trinh Ngan hang thuong mai, NXB Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan 19 Chu tich Hoi dong quan tri NHCSXH (2010), Van ban so 49/HDQT-BKS 10/6/2010 ve viec thuc hien cong tac kiem tra, giam sat cua BDD HDQT 20 Quoc hoi nudc Cong hoa Xa hoi Chu nghia Viet Nam (2010), Luat Cac To chuc tin dung so 47/2010/QH12, 16/6/2010