Đánh giá tác động xã hội của hoạt động kinh doanh du lịch tới cộng đồng cư dân làng chài tại hạ long

TRirdNG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN VU BICH HIONG DANH GIA TAC DONG XA HOl CUA HOAT • • • DONG KINH DOANH DU LICH IOI CONG DONG • • • (I dan lang chai tai ha• long • Chuyen nganh: Quan tri kinh doanh khach san vd du lich LUAN VAN THAC SY QUAN TRI KINH DOANH NGUOI HUONG DAN KHOA HOC: TS DONG XUAN DAM Ha Ndi_2013 LOI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan rang luan van thac sy kinh te "Ddnh gid tac dong xa hoi ciia cac boat dong kinh doanh du licit td'i cong ddng cir dan dia ph irong lang chai tai Ha Long'" la cong trinh nghien cuu cua rieng toi Nhung so lieu, thong tin luan van su dung duoc chi ro nguon goc trich dan danh muc tai lieu tham khao Ket qua nghien cuu chua duqc cong bo bat ky cong trinh nao khac Ha Noi, 30 thang num 2013 Hoc vien Vu Bich Huong LOI CAM 0N Toi xin gtri ldi cam on chan va sau sac tdi Tien si Dong Xuan Dam, ngudi da danh thdi gian su quan tarn giup toi suot qua trinh nghien cuu luan van Toi cung xin tran bay to long biet on toi Quy Thay Co khoa Quan tri kinh doanh Du lich va Khach san, Truong Dai hoc Kinh td Qudc dan da tan tinh truyen dat nhung kien thuc quy bau cung nhu tao moi dieu kien thuan loi nhit cho toi suot qua trinh hoc tap nghien cuu va cho den thuc hien de tai luan van Toi cung xin cam on nhung ngudi ban, cac can bo lam viec tai Ban quan ly Vinh Ha Long, dac biet la cac can bo lam viec tai Trung tarn van hoa noi Cua Van cung nhu nhung ngu dan lang chai Cua Van da sin sang chia se kinh nghiem thong tin va giup toi viec hoan cac mau phdng vin, thu thap thong tin Cuoi cung, toi xin gui loi cam on tdi gia dinh va ban be tdi, nhung ngudi da luon ben canh ung ho tdi suot thdi gian hoc tap va nghien cuu Vu Bich Huong MUC LUC Ldl CAM DOAN LOl CAM ON MUC LUC DANH MUC CAC CHLT VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG BIEU CHUONG TONG QUAN 1.1 Mo dau 1.2 Doi tugng nghien cuu 12 1.4 Muc tieu nghien cuu 13 1.5 Cau hdi nghien cuu 14 CHUONG : CO SO LY LUAN VE PHAT TRIEN DU LICH VA TAC DONG CUA DU LICH 15 2.1 Phat trien ben vung: 15 2.1.1 Khai niem: 15 2.1.2 Lich su cua phat trien ben vung 17 2.2 Cac khai niem ve du lich ben vung 21 2.3 Nhung tac dong xa hoi cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich 26 2.3.1 Nhung tac dong xa hoi ti'ch cue 26 2.3.2 Nhung tac dong xa hoi tieu cue 27 2.4 Nguyen nhan tac dong xa hoi cua du lich 31 2.4.1 Su khac biet ve van hoa 31 2.4.2 Tam hieu biet han hep cua du khach ve nen van hoa ban dia 32 2.4.3 Thai gian luu tru cua khach du lich 32 CHUONG : PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 34 3.1 Phuong phap nghien cuu dinh ti'nh 34 3.1.1 Khai niem ve phuang phap nghien cuu dinh tinh 34 3.1.2 Nguon goc cua phuang phap nghien cuu dinh tinh 35 3.1.3 Cac phuang phap thu thap du lieu nghien cuu dinh tinh chu yeu 35 3.1.4 Chon mau nghien cuu dinh tinh 39 3.1.5 Lua chon thuc dia nghien cuu .40 3.1.6 Lira chon doi tuoug nghien cuu 40 3.2 Phuong phap nghien cuu tinh huong: 41 3.2.1 Lich su cua phuong phap nghien cuu tinh huong: 41 3.2.2 Phan loai phuong phap nghien cuu tinh huong: 42 3.2.3 Thiet ke nghien cuu tinh huong: 43 3.2.4 Nghien cuu tac dong cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich toi cong dong cu dan lang chai 44 CHUONG : PHAN TICH DU* LIEU 48 4.1 Gidi thieu chung ve lang chai Cua Van 48 4.1.1 Vi tri: 48 4.1.2 Ten goi: 49 4.1.3 Dien tich, dan so: 49 4.1.4 Lich su hinh va phat trien: 49 4.2 Cuoc song cua ngu dan Cua Van 50 4.2.1 Doi song vat chat: 50 4.2.2 Doi song tinh than 54 4.2.3 Van hoa dan gian: 56 4.2.4 Giao due va y te .58 4.3 Tac dong xa hoi cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich den cuoc song cua cu dan lang chai Cua Van 59 4.3.1 Nhung tac dong tich cue cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich doi vdi cu dan lang chai Cua Van 59 4.3.2 Nhung tac dong tieu cue cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tdi cu dan lang chai Cua Van 76 4.4 Du an sap xep va di rdi cac nha be tren Vinh Ha Long 79 CHUONG : TONG KET .84 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 91 PHU LUC 92 PHU LUC I: Bang hoi 92 A Phan danh cho ngu dan lang chai 92 B Phan danh cho cac can bo lam viec tai cac ban nganh co lien quan? 92 PHU LUC II: Cac van ban chi dao co lien quan den cuoc song cua cu dan lang chai Cua Van 93 PHU LUC III: Bang thong ke cac buoi phong van qua trinh nghien cuu 95 DANH MUC CAC TU VIET TAT IUCN Hiep hoi Bao ton thien nhien va tai nguyen thien nhien quoc te JICA Co quan hop tac Quoc te Nhat Ban UNCED Hoi nghi ve Moi truang va phat trien cua Lien Hop Quoc UNEP Chuang trinh Moi truang Lien Hap Quoc UNESCO To chuc Giao due, Khoa hoc va Van hoa cua Lien Hap Quoc UNWTO To chuc Du lich the giai WCED Uy ban quoc te ve moi truang va phat trien the giai WWF Quy bao ve Thien nhien the giai DANH MUC CAC BANG BlEU Bang So lieu thong ke ve nganh du lich Quang Ninh thang nam 2013 11 Bang So sanh phat trien va phat trien ben vtrng 17 Bang Thong tin ve nguoi dune phong van 46 TRUING DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN VU RICH HUONG DANH GIA TAC DONG XA HOI CUA HOAT • • • DONG KINH DOANH DU LICH I OI CONG DONG • • • CU DAN LANG CHAI TAI HA• LONG • TOM TAT LUAN • VAN THAC • SI Ha Noi_20l3 i 1.1 Ly va muc tieu nghien cuu cua de tai 1.1 Ly do: Cung sir nghiep doi moi cua dat nude han 20 nam qua va sau 10 nam thuc hien chien luge phat trien du lich giai doan 2001 - 2010 nganh Du lich da co nhieu tien bo va dat dugc nhung tuu dang ghi nhan Luat du lich nam 2005 da khang dinh mot budc tien Ion ve khuon khd phap ly Chien luge, quy hoach phat trien du lich, cac chuong trinh, ke hoach, de an du an dugc trien khai rong khap tren pham vi ca nude He thong quan ly nha nude ve du lich tir trung uang den dia phuang khong ngung doi mdi va hoan thien cung vdi sir thinh hanh phat huy vai trd cua Ban chi dao nha nude ve du lich Su trudng va ldn manh khong ngirng cua he thong doanh nghiep du lich; co sd tang cua cac trung tarn, diem den du lich, khu nghi dudng, khach san, khu giai tri, cac tuyen du lich, loai hinh du lich da dang tao dien mao mdi va tien de quan trgng tao da cho du lich Viet Nam phat trien Nhung ket qua danh gia thong qua cac chi tieu ve lugng khach, thu nhap, ty trgng GDP va viec lam da khang dinh vai trd cua nganh du lich nen kinh te quoc dan Nganh du lich da dong gop quan trgng vao tang trudng kinh te, xoa doi giam ngheo, dam bao an sinh xa hoi, bao ton va phat huy gia tri van hoa, bao ve mdi trudng va gitr vung an ninh quoc phong Ben canh nhung tuu dat dugc, qua 10 nam thuc hien chien luge cho thay nganh du lich nhieu han che va bat cap, nhieu khd khan, trd ngai van chua dugc giai quyet thoa dang, chua cd budc phat trien dot pha de khang dinh thuc su la nganh kinh te mui nhgn ket qua chua tuong xung vdi tiem nang va lgi the cua dat nude, phat trien nhung van an chua nhieu nguy ca, yeu to thieu ben vung Du lich dang la nganh kinh te mui nhgn dugc uu tien phat trien hang dau tai Quang Ninh Trong nhung nam qua, du lich Quang Ninh da mang lai nhung lgi ich ca ve kinh te, van hoa, xa hoi doi vdi cu dan dia phuang Tuy nhien, ngoai nhung tac dong tich cue ma du lich mang lai, sir phat trien nhanh chong cua du lich 82 nhiem ma lam anh huong xau den hinh anh du lich Vinh Ha Long mat du khach (May nam trudc UBND tinh da phai van ban chi dao thay phao xdp bang phao nhua nham ngan chan rac troi noi tren vinh lam mat my quan di san) Co the noi viec di ddi, sap xep cac nha be tren vinh Ha Long lan khdng chi dem lai cuoc song tot dep hon cho ngu dan lang chai ma quan hon, la nham tang cudng va nang cao hieu qua cdng tac quan ly bao ton phat huy gia tri di san the gidi vinh Ha Long, dac biet la bao ve mdi trudng sinh thai, yeu td sdng cua di san vinh Ha Long cho horn va mai sau Tuy nhien de an sap xep di ddi cac nha be tren Vinh Ha Long theo tac gia la van cd mot sd van de chua dupe giai quyet mot each thoa dang Thu nhat, de an cd neu van de la cac ho duoc bd tri chuyen ddi nghe nghiep phu hop vdi trinh do, nhan thuc cua ngu dan Tuy nhien, tren thuc te, phan ldn ngu dan lang chai deu khdng dupe hoc hanh bai ban, trinh nhan thuc thap Vi the ma “len bd”, de tim dupe nhung cdng viec phu hpp vdi ho la rat khd Ngoai nghe truyen thdng la danh bat va nuoi thuy hai san thi muc tieu chuyen ddi co cau nghe nghiep cua ngu dan xem la rat khd thuc hien Day la mot van de rat cap thiet, bdi le di ddi cac ho dan len dat lien ma khdng tao dupe cho ho cdng an viec lam de sinh sdng thi kha nang ho se tu y quay lai nha be la rat cao Hon the nua, dieu cung de lam phat sinh cac te nan xa hoi, khien cho niem tin cua ngudi dan vao cac chinh sach cai each cua dia phuong se giam sut nghiem Va khdng cd mot ke hoach cu the rd rang ve dinh hudng nghe nghiep cho ngu dan thi viec thuyet phuc ho di ddi len sinh sdng tren dat lien se la rat khd “Chi nen cho nhung ngudi gia va tre em len bd sinh sdng, cdn lao dong chinh gia dinh van nen d lai day de tiep tuc lam nghe ca de nuoi gia dinh” (Ngu dan, LC 093 28/6/2012) a Neu len bd thi tdi cd dupe di bien danh ca nua khdng? Ngoai nghe tdi khdng biet lam gi khac.” (Ngu dan, LC 034 30/6/2012) 83 Thic hai cung theo nhu de an thi cac ho dan sinh song tren cac lang chai se duoc di doi len khu vuc thuoc cac phuong Ha Phong Ha Khau va Dai Yen Tren thuc te, hien hau het cac ngu dan lang chai Cua Van deu co ho khau thuoc phuong Hung Thang ho khong muon di doi sang cac khu vuc khac, vi theo ngudi dan lang chai thi ho sinh va ldn len tren khu vuc nay, phan mo cua ong ba to tien cua ho cung dupe an tang tai khu vuc vi the, ho khdng muon di ddi qua xa khu chon cat ngudi than cua minh Day la van de lien quan den tam linh va phong tuc thd cung cua ngu dan dia phuong, vi the ma nhieu ho dan td y khdng bang long vdi phuong an di ddi noi tren Thu ba, co the noi khach du lich den vdi vinh Ha Long dang bi thu hut va hap dan bdi hinh anh (nhung ngoi nha noi lenh denh tren mat nude ) cung nhu mot so net doc dao cua cac lang chai sinh song tren vinh (cac le hoi truyen thong, nhung dieu hat dan gian ) Ho muon tan mat chung kien nhung canh sinh hoat ddi thudng, nhung net dac sac van hda tin ngudng cua ngu dan noi day Vay di ddi cac nha be tren vinh ‘‘len bd” thi net van hoa lieu cd cdn giu dupe nguyen ven, hay chi cdn la nhung md hinh phuc dung mang tinh chat trien lam chu khdng cdn la mot lang chai song dong, doc dao hap dan du khach nhu trudc Day la mot thach thuc khdng nhd ddi vdi de an nay, vi rat cd the de an dupe thuc hien thi net dac sac du lich Vinh Ha Long cung da bi giam sut di phan Viec gin giu net truyen thong se la kho khan hon nhung ngu dan len bd va dan quen vdi cuoc song hien dai tren dat lien, ho se bat kip vdi xu the phat trien cua cuoc song va tuong lai, nhung the he tre em lang chai cd cdn giu dupe nhung net van hoa truyen thong doc dao rieng cd cua cong ddng minh nua hay khdng? TIEU KET CHUONG IV Trong chuong IV, tac gia da di sau tim hieu, nghien ciru va phan tich nhung tac dong cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tai Ha Long den cuoc song cua cu dan lang chai, bao gdm ca nhung tac dong tich cue va tac dong tieu cue Nhung phan tich cua tac gia dua tren cac thong tin tir cac bai phdng van ngu dan lang chai 84 cung nhu cac can bo lam viec tai Trung tarn van hoa noi Cua Van Ngoai ra, d chuong nay, tac gia co mot so tim hieu ve de an di rod cac lang chai tren Vinh Ha Long len dinh cu tren bo, nhung tich cue va bat cap cua du an doi vdi cong ddng cu dan lang chai tren Vinh Ha Long noi chung va cu dan lang chai Cua Van noi rieng CHUONG 5: TONG KET Du lich luon duac coi la nganh kinh te mui nhon cua tinh Quang Ninh, do, vinh Ha Long la mot diem nhan khdng the bo qua viec quang ba va thu hut khach du lich Tir thuc te cac diem du lich dang bi khai thac mot each qua tai dan den viec lam ton hai den gia tri canh quan van hoa cua diem du lich, su phat trien xa hoi dan den su mai mot nhung net van hoa truyen thong Chinh vi vay dugc dat vdi muc tieu giam thieu tdi da nhung tac dong tieu cue va tang dan nhung tac dong tich cue cua hoat dong du lich ddi vdi mdi trudng va xa hoi Danh gia nhung tac dong ve mat xa hoi cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich den cuoc sdng cua cu dan lang chai sinh sdng tren vinh Ha Long la mot van de nghien cuu kha mdi Mac du trudc da cd nhung nghien cuu ve nhung tac dong cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich len cuoc sdng cua ngudi dan lang chai nhung chu yeu de cap den cac van de ve mdi trudng, kinh te, xa hoi ma it de cap den nhung tac dong ve mat xa hoi nhu nghien cuu ‘‘Bao ve mdi trudng thien nhien hoat dong kinh doanh du lich Vinh Ha Long, Quang Ninh” cua tac gia Ha Thi Phuang Lan, “ Nghien cuu phat trien du lich ben vung tai khu vuc Vinh Ha Long” cua tac gia Nguyen Hong Vinh, “Nghien cuu nhung giai phap phat trien du lich ben vung d vinh Ha Long” cua tac gia Tran Phuang Loan Trong luan van nay, tac gia da phan tich chu yeu nhung tac dong ve mat xa hoi cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich doi vdi cuoc sdng cua cu dan lang chai sinh sdng tren vinh Ha Long ma dien hinh la cu dan lang chai Cua Van Tuy nhien qua trinh nghien cuu, phan tich, danh gia, tac gia da co de cap tdi mot sd van de cd lien quan (mdi trudng, kinh te ) nhu mot su md rong gop phan lam cho luan van hoan thien hon ve mat noi dung 85 Su dung phuong phap nghien cuu tinh hudng (case study) va phuong phap nghien cuu dinh tinh, tac gia da thuc hien 140 cuoc phong van (trong co 116 cuoc phong van cong) vdi ngudi dan sinh sdng tren lang chai Cua Van, cac can bo thuoc trung tam Van hoa noi Cua Van va cac can bo tai Ban Quan ly vinh Ha Long va thu duoc nhung ket qua dang ke qua trinh nghien cuu de tai luan van Nhung thong tin thu duoc qua trinh phong van da duoc phan tich va nghien cuu mot cach nghiem tuc va khoa hoc de co duoc nhung ket qua nhu tren Tu viec ap dung phuong phap nghien cuu tren, toi da thu duoc mot sd ket qua sau qua trinh nghien- cuu nhu sau: Luan van da tim hieu duoc mot so net dac trung cuoc sdng cua cong dong cu dan lang chai Cua Van xua va (hinh thuc sinh hoat, cac phong tuc truyen thdng, phuong thuc kiem sdng ) Dieu co y nghia rat quan trong nghien cuu nay,vi no la co so cho nhung so sanh, phan tich va danh gia cuoc song cua cong dong cu dan dia phuong trudc nhung tac dong manh me cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tren vinh Ha Long Luan van da phan tich, danh gia duoc thuc trang cuoc sdng cua ngu dan lang chai Cua Van trudc va sau co nhung tac dong cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich dien tren vinh Ha Long Tu lam sang to nhung tac dong cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich len cuoc sdng cua ngu dan Cua Van (bao gom ca tac dong tich cuc va tieu cuc) Luan van da phan tich, danh gia duoc nhung tac dong cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tren dia ban phd Ha Long den cuoc sdng cua cu dan lang chai sinh sdng tren vinh Long ma co lang chai Cua Van la ddi tuong nghien cuu dien hinh, co the thay mot sd van de cdn ton dong va can duoc khac phuc va giai quyet qua trinh phat trien du lich Quang Ninh noi chung va du lich Vinh Ha Long noi rieng Nhung van de bao gom: Nhung tac dong tieu cuc cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich len cuoc sdng cua cu dan lang chai Cua Van: 86 - Nan ca bac dien a mot bo phan cu dan lang chai co ca nhung ngu dan dang lam viec cac hap tac xa, Trung tam van hoa noi Cua Van gay anh huang xau tai cuoc song, cong viec cua ngu dan lang chai - Hoat dong kinh doanh du lich cung la mot nhung tac nhan gay o nhiem moi truasg vinh, anh huang den cuoc song cua cu dan lang chai: Chat thai tu cac tau du lich khong chi lam anh huang tai moi truang song cua ngu dan ma cdn lam anh huang tai cong viec kiem song cua ho (nguon thuy hai san tu nhien bi giam sut o nhiem moi truang dan den hieu qua danh bat cua ngu dan bi anh huang) - - Hoat dong kinh doanh du lich xuat hien keo theo su xuat hien cua mot so hoat dong tieu cuc khac anh huang den canh quan du lich nhu cac hanh dong cheo keo khach du lich mua hang, ban hang rong tren vinh, an xin Nhung vuang mac de an di dai cac nha be sinh song tren vinh Ha Long len ba: - Van de giai quyet viec lam - Van de bao ton ban sac van hoa dia phuong - Van de ve dia diem cu tru mai cua ngu dan lang chai Tir nhung van de nghi en cuu tren, tac gia xin dua duoc iai molt so kien nghi va giai phap khac phuc nhung tac dong tieu cuc cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich den cong dong cu dan lang chai Cua Van nhu sau: 4.1 Co nhung quyho acu rh ranh ye knu vu c hin h doanh cuog hhu sin h ho ng cua cu dan tren vink Cung vai la shung quy hoach lien quan den cac van de ve quan ly, bao ton, dau tu va phat trien du lich tren v^h Ha Long Han che hnuhg dau tu mang tinh thue^ng mai hoa cao, ah6hg dam bao yeu to ben vusg qua trinh phat trien sham giam thieu nhung tac dong tieu cuc cua shung hoat dong dau tu du lich den vai moi truasg tu shien cung shu xa hoi cua cong dong dan cu dia phuong dang sish song tai day 87 4.2 Co nhung de an phat trien du lich ben vung tren vinh Ha Long vdi muc tieu dinh vi thuang hieu vinh Ha Long tren ban du lich quoc gia va the gidi Phat trien san pham du lich theo hudng doc dao hap dan khai thac hieu qua gan lien vdi bao ve moi trudng ton tao vinh Ha Long 4.3 Giai quyet mot so vudng mac cua ngudi dan qua trinh thuc hien de an di ddi nha be len bd - Giai quyet cong an viec lam cho ngudi dan sau ho tai dinh cu tren dat lien Day la van de quan va la diem mau chot ton tai thuc hien de an Trinh dan tri cua ho cOn thap hau nhu ngoai nghe chai ludi truyen thong cua cha ong ho khong cOn nghe gi khac de kiem song Khong co trinh cung nhu tay nghe chuyen mon thi van de kiem dugc cong an viec lam len bd gap rat nhieu kho khan Mac du nghe muu sinh chinh cua ngu dan d day la danh bat va nuoi thuy hai san co su on dinh cung rat thap nhung yeu to nhu thdi tiet moi trudng benh dich co tac dong rat ldn den nghe cuoc song cua ngu dan rat gap nhieu kho khan nhung day van la nghe truyen thong da gan bo lau ddi vdi cuoc song cua ngu dan Do cung la mot net van hoa noi bat cuoc song cua ngu dan lang chai Theo toi ben canh viec chinh quyen dia phuang nen tao dieu kien md cac lop day nghe ca ban cho ngu dan lang chai de ho co the tim them nhung cong viec mdi len bd ma nghe truyen thong cua ho van can dugc tran va giu gin Cong viec mdi se dong gop phan nao vao viec tang them thu nhap cho ngudi dan cung vdi nguon thu nhap tu nghe chinh nhung ngu dan d day se de dang co cuoc song on dinh han Viec dao tao tay nghe cho ngudi dan cung phan nao gop phan nang cao trinh nhan thuc cho ho ma ben canh muc tieu chuyen doi ca cau nghe nghiep cua cong dong cu dan lang chai mdi co the thuc hien dugc va ngudi dan cung de dang thich nghi va hoa nhap vdi cuoc song mdi tren dat lien mot cach tot han - Ye van de dia diem cu tru mdi: Phan ldn ngu dan lang chai deu sinh song va lam viec tren dia ban phudng Hung Thang tu nhieu nam chinh vi vay ma ho da quen thuoc va gan bo vdi nep song tai day Ben canh do.theo nhu y kien ngudi 88 dan thi tu nhieu ddi nay, phan mo to tien cua ho deu dupe chon cat tren dia ban phuong Hung Thang, vi vay ma de an di ddi cac nha be tren vinh dua giai phap dua nhung ngu dan d day den noi d moi tai cac phudng Ha Phong, Ha Khau va Hai Yen da vap phai su phan doi cua ngu dan lang chai Vi vay, chinh quyen dia phuong cung nhu cac sd ban nganh co lien quan can xem xet va dua nhung huong giai quyet thoa dang hon cho van de - ve van de bao tdn ban sac van hoa doc dao cua lang chai tren vinh Ha Long Lang chai tren vinh Ha Long von la mot net van hoa dac sac rieng co va la diem thu hut hap dan du -khach den voi vinh Ha Long Du khach den voi Ha Long khong chi bdi ve dep thien nhien ban tang ma bdi 'suc hut tu net van hoa doc dao cua cong dong cu dan lang chai sinh song tren vinh Tuv nhien, de an di ddi cac nha be tren vinh Ha Long dupc thuc hien thi hinh anh lang chai sinh song tren vinh bi xoa bd Dieu se lam mat di net doc dao van hoa cua vinh Ha Long Theo toi, chinh quyen dia phuong sau di ddi cac nha be tren vinh len bd nen cho phuc dung lai mo hinh cua mot so nha be tieu bieu bang cac chat lieu khong gay o nhiem moi trudng, bien nhung nha be khu bao tang van hoa tren bien, luu giu tat ca nhung net dac sac cuoc song cua ngu dan, giup cho du khach den voi Ha Long se van cam nhan dupc net van hoa doc dao Ben canh do, cung nen phuc dung lai mot so nhung dieu hat dan gian von da bi mai mot cua lang chai (hat giao duyen) de bieu dien cho du khach toi tham quan Hoat dong vua giup bao ton nhung net van hoa truyen thong ma giup quang ba chung toi du khach quoc te, nang cao hinh anh du lich Ha Long tren ban du lich the gioi 4.4 Cac so ban ng anh cc> lien cu an c uqg nhu ca c cap cli inh qchen cqng n en co nhung lop huan luyen, dao tao cho ngu dan dia phuong nhieu hon nua nham nang cao y thuc, nhan thuc cua ngudi dan doi voi cac van de ve moi trudng, xa hoi va phat trien du lich ben vung Quan ly sat hon ddi song sinh hoat cua ngu dan dia phuong, ngan chan va dep bd cac hinh thuc ban hang rong tren tau, cheo keo LCCcC du lich gay mat CucC anh du lich cua Ha Long bac cong tac tuyen truyen, 89 giao due ve moi trudng cho ngu dan lang chai can duoc to chuc mot cach thudng xuyen vdi nhieu noi dung, de tai phong phu da dang Cung cap cac thiet bi, cong cu ho tro cong tac bao ve moi trudng (thung rac, gie rua bat ) va hudng dan ho su dung mot cach hieu qua nhat, giam thieu toi da nhung tac dong tieu cuc den moi trudng 4.5 Giao duc y thuc bao ve mdi trudng tu nhien, moi trudng nhan van cho can bo du lich, du khach va cong ddng dia phuong Hoat dong du lich chi ton tai va phat trien moi trudng du lich duoc bao ve dung cach Nhu vay, viec bao ve moi trudng du lich la het sue- quan va can thiet Do khong chi la nhiem vu cua rieng ca nhan, to chuc nao ma hoat dong doi hoi phai co su chung tay gop suc cua ca cong ddng Hon het, cac to chuc bao ve moi trudng, cac to chuc phat trien du lich phai la ngudi di dau cong tac bao ve moi trudng du lich Ho chinh la ngudi dua nhung chinh sach, luat dinh ve y thuc bao ve moi trudng du lich cho moi ngudi, bao gdm ca can bo nhan vien du lich, du khach va cu dan dia phuong 4.6 Long ghep cac noi dung giao duc ve vinh Ha Long vao cac chuong trinh giao duc tai cac trudng hoc tren dia ban tinh Quang Ninh Viec lam nham hudng tdi viec xay dung mot the he mdi co y thuc va trinh hon ve van de phat trien du lich noi chung va phat trien du lich ben vung tren vinh Ha Long noi rieng Trong qua tinh nghien cuu tac gia nhan thay nhung tac dong ve mat tich cuc cua hoat dong kinh doanh du lich tdi cuoc song cua ngu dan lang chai sinh song tren vinh Ha Long co phan noi troi hon so vdi nhung tac dong tieu cuc Dieu phan anh nhung budc di dung hudng cua chinh quyen dia phuong quy hoach va dinh hudng kinh doanh du lich tren dia ban vinh Ha Long Day la viec phai duoc phat huy hon nua nham dem lai nhung ket qua tot hon tuong lai Ben canh do, nhung tac dong tieu cuc can duoc dieu chinh va giam thieu mot cach toi da, gia tang nhung loi ich cho cong ddng dia phuong Hoat dong du lich dien la mot dieu kien het suc quan giup cho cuoc song cua ngudi dan lang chai phat trien Neu khong co su phat trien cua cac hoat dong kinh doanh du lich thi viec thu hut su 90 dau tu ve co sd vat chat, tai chinh giao duc ve lang chai se gap rat nhieu kho khan Cuoc song cua ngudi dan d day co the khang dinh la se khdng the phat trien nhanh va tich cue den vay Vi vay, du cd mang lai mot sd nhung tac dong tieu cue ddi vdi cuoc sdng cua ngudi dan lang chai noi day thi viec phat trien cac hoat dong du lich tren vinh Ha Long la dung dan va can thiet bdi nhung lgi ich ma nd mang lai se phan nao giai quyet nhung tac dong tieu cue noi tren 91 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [ ].Truang Quang Hoc Phat trien ben vung - Chien lucre phat trien toan cau thi ky XXI r a > [2] , Tac gia Phan Huy Xu Bai viet “Vai suy nghi ve phat trien du Ijch ben vung ” [3] Nguyen Ba Lam (2007), Tong quan ve du lich vaphat trien du lich be vung [4] , International Ecotourism Society, 2004 [5] www.moitruongdulich.vn [6] C.L.Jenkins, Bao cao de dan ve “Tac dongxa hoi cua du lich [7] Denzin & Lincoln (eds.) (2000) Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2ND ed., Sage Publications Inc London 18] Strauss, Corbin (1990) Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques.Sage, Newbury Park [9] TS Vu Thi Phuang Anh, Bai viet “Phuangphap nghien cuu tinh hudng - Case Study ” [10] www.halongbay.com.vn [11] , www.halongtourism.com.vn [12] Nguyen Dinh Hoe (2007), Mdi truong vaphat trien ben vung, NXB Giao due [13] Antonio Machado (2003.), Du lich vdphat trien ben vung (Tourism and Sustainable Development), du an "Xay dung nang luc cho phat trien du lich ben vung a Viet Nam” VNAT va FUNDESO, 92 PHU• LUC • PHU LUC I: Bang hdi A A Phan danh cho ngir dan lang chai Anh (chi) co the ke ve hoat dong hang cua minh de kiem sdng? Anh/chi cd biet den cac hoat dong du lich dang dien d day khdng? Ngoai cong viec chinh anh (chi) cd tham gia vao cong viec nao khac de kiem sdng khdng? Anh (chi) cd thay hai long ve cong viec mdi khdng? Theo anh (chi) hoat dong du lich tai vinh Ha Long dien nhung nam gan day cd anh hudng gi tdi cuoc sdng cua anh (chi) nhu the nao? Anh (chi) cd the dua mot vai vi du khdng? Anh (chi) cd the ke ve nhung thay ddi cuoc sdng cua anh (chi) tir cd hoat dong kinh doanh du lich khdng? (Ve cuoc sdng, cong viec, thdi quen truyen thdng ) Anh/ chi cd biet den de an di ddi nha be len bd khdng? Anh/ chi nghi ve van de nay? Anh chi cd muon hoat dong du lich dien tai day khdng? A B Phan danh cho cac can bo lam viec tai cac ban nganh co lien quan? Hoat dong du lich dien tren dia ban lang chai Cua Van tir bao gid? Anh (chi) cd the ke ve nhung thay doi cuoc sdng cua cu dan lang chai tir cd cac hoat dong du lich khdng? Nhung hoat dong du lich mang lai nhung lgi ich gi cho cong ddng cu dan dia phuong khdng? Nhung lgi ich tir cac hoat dong du lich se dugc phan bd nhu the nao? Anh/ chi cd biet den de an di ddi nha be len bd khdng? Anh/ chi nghi ve van de nay? 93 r r PHU LUC II: Cac van ban chi dao cd lien quan den cuoc song cua cu1 dan lang chai Cua Van Tu nam 2000 den nay, Tinh da ban hanh 24 van ban chi dao cong tac quan ly dan cu va nha be, cd van ban mang tinh phap ly cao vdi cac noi duns cu• the nhu sau: - Thong bao so 08/TB-UBND 15/01/2007 cua UBND tinh Quang Ninh ve Ket luan cua ddng chi Nguyen Hong Quan - Pho chu tich Thudng true UBND tinh tai cuoc hop nghe UBND Ha Long bao cao De an sap xep, quan ly, di chuyen nha be tren vinh Ha Long Quyet dinh so 679/ QD-UBND 07/3/2008 cua UBND tinh Quang Ninh ve viec phe duyet quy hoach cac diem dan cu lang chai (dang nha be) tren vinh Ha Long Quyet dinh so 819/ QD- UBND 21/3/2008 cua UBND tinh Quang Ninh ve viec phe duyet De an sap xep quan ly, di chuyen nha be tren vinh Ha Long Cong van so 1632/UB 05/8/2004 cua UBND Tinh “V/v quan ly hoat dong kinh doanh dich vu ban hai san tren Vinh Ha Long” Thong bao so 119 - TB/UB 18/8/2004 cua UBND Tinh ve viec thuc hien cong tac dam bao mdi trudng cua cac nha be va Quy che quan ly Vinh Ha Long Thong bao so 966 - TB/TU 04/3/2005 cua Tinh uy Quang Ninh: Ket luan cua Ban thuan vu Tinh uy: V/v tiep tuc thuc hien Nghi Quyet so 09- NQ/TU Thong bao so 247 - TB/TU 25/9/2006 thong bao y kien chi dao cua ddng chi Bi thu Tinh Uy tai Hoi nghi kiem diem thuc hien cong tac quan ly, bao tdn va phat huy gia tri di san Vinh Ha Long Thong bao 180/TB-UBND 29/9/2006: Thong bao y kien ket luan cua ddng chi Nguyen Hong Quan - Pho Chu tich UBND Tinh tai Hoi nghi kiem diem thuc hien cong tac quan ly, bao tdn va phat huy gia tri Di san Vinh Ha Long Thong bao so 395 - TB/TU 02/4/2007: Ket luan cua Ban thudng vu Tinh uy ve viec tiep tuc thuc hien Nghi quyet so 09 - NQ/TU ve cong tac quan ly, 94 bao ton, phat huy gia tri di san Vinh Ha Long va mot sd giai phap quan ly, sap xep nha be tren Vinh Ha Long thai gian tdi 10 Thdng bao sd 111/TB- UBND 03/7/2007 cua UBND tinh Quang Ninh: Ket luan cua ddng chi Nguyen Hong Quan - Pho chu tich Thudng truc UBND tinh tai cuoc hop kiem diem tinh hinh thuc hien Thdng bao so 247 - TB/TU, Thong bao sd 180/ TB-UBND 11 Cdng van sd 4306/UBND-MT 13/11/2006 cua UBND tinh ve viec su dung phao ndi cho cac cdng trinh ndi tren Vinh Han che va ngan chan viec gay d nhiem mdi trudng vinh Ha Long, vinh Bai Tu Long viec su dung phao xop lam cac be noi cua cac cdng trinh ndi tren Vinh 12 Cdng van so 3882/UBND - VX3 30/8/2007 cua UBND tinh Quang Ninh ve viec gia han viec thay the phao xop doi vdi cac cdng trinh ndi tren vinh Ha Long 13 Quydt dinh sd 498/2007/QD - UBND 07/02/2007 cua UBND tinh Quang Ninh ban hanh Quy che quan ly Vinh Ha Long 14 Cdng van sd 2609/UBND - XD 19/6/2008 cua UBND tinh Quang Ninh ve viec td chuc trien khai nhan rong mong nha ndi xi mang ludi thep tren vinh Ha Long 15 Cdng van so 2609/UBND - XD 19/6/2008 cua UBND tinh Quang Ninh ve viec trien khai nhan rong mong nha ndi xi mang ludi thep tren vinh Ha Long 16 Cdng van so 3403/ UBND — XD 28/8/2008 cua UBND tinh ve viec td chuc trien khai nhan rong mong nha ndi bang phao nhua plastic tren vinh Ha Long 95 PHU LUC III: Bang thong ke cac buoi phong van qua trinh nghien cuu Thdi gian Doi twang dwoc So lwong phong van phong van (Ngwdi) 13^6/2012 Ngu dan 08 14/6/2012 Ngu dan 07 15/6/2012 Ngu dan 13 16/6/2012 Ngu dan 04 17/6/2012 Ngu dan 09 Ngu dan 07 04 cuoc phong van Can bo quan ly 02 khong cong Ngu dan 07 Ngu dan 05 Can bo quan ly 01 Ngu dan 07 Ngu dan 05 Can bo quan ly 01 Ngu dan 07 Ngu dan 06 Can bo quan ly 02 Ngu dan 05 STT 18/6/2012 19/6/2012 20/6/2012 10 21/6/2012 22/6/2012 11 23/6/2012 12 24/6/2012 13 Ghi chu 25/6/2012 02 cuoc phong van khong cong 06 cuoc phong van khong cong 03 cuoc phong van khong cong 02 cuoc phong van khong cong 96 Can bo quan ly 01 14 26/6/2012 Ngu dan 05 15 27/6/2012 Ngu dan 09 16 28/6/2012 Ngu dan 04 17 29/6/2012 Ngu dan 05 18 30/6/2012 Ngu dan 09 Ngu dan 05 Can bo quan ly 01 Ngu dan 04 Can bo quan ly 01 Ngu dan 131 24 cuoc phdng van Can bo quan ly khdng cong 19 20 02 cuoc phdng van khong cong 05 cuoc phdng van khdng cong 01/7/2012 02/7/2012 Tong