Đầu tư phát triển tại công ty tư vấn và khảo sát thiết kế xây dựng bộ quốc phòng

TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ DAI HOCKTQD TT THONG TIN THUVIEN PHONG LUANAN-TUl/lJE DANG THUY HA DAU TIT PHAT TRIEN TAI CONG TY TIT VAN VA KHAO SAT THIET KE XAY DUNG - BO QUOC PHONG CHUYfiN NGANH: KINH rf dAu TU LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE • • Ngirii hiring dan khoa hoc: TS DINH DAO ANH THUY HA NOI, IMAM 2013 LCXI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan ban luan van la cong trinh nghien cun khoa hoc doc lap cua toi Cac so lieu, ket qua luan van la trung thuc va co nguon goc ro rang TAC GIA LUAN VAN DANG THUY HA MUC LUC • • LOI CAM DOAN MUC LUC DANH MUC CHC VIET TAT DANH MUC SO DO, BANG BIEU TOM TAT LUAN VAN CHUONG TONG QUAN 1.1 Su can thiet cua de tai 1.2 Doi tuong va pham vi nghien ciru 1.3 Phuong phap nghien cuu 1.4 Tinh hinh nghien cun chung Ket cau luan van CHUONG 2: LY LUAN CHUNG VE DAU TU PHAT TRIEN TRONG DOANH NGHIEP • TU VAN XAY DU • NG 2.1 Mot so van de ve dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep tu van xay dung 2.1.1 Khai niem dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep tu van xay dung 2.1.2 Dac diem cua dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep tu van xay dung 2.1.3 Vai tro cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep tu van xay dung 2.2 Noi dung co ban cua dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep tu van xay dung 2.2.1 Dau tu vao hang du tru va tao tai san co dinh 2.2.2 Dau tu phat trien cho tai san huu hinh cua doanh nghiep 14 2.2.3 Dau tu vao nghien cuu doi moi va phat trien KHCN - KT .16 2.2.4 Dau tu phat trien nguon nhan luc 18 2.2.5 Dau tu cho hoat dong marketing va tai san vo hinh khac 21 2.3 Cong tac quan ly hoat dong dau tu phat trien tai doanh nghiep tu- xay dung 23 2.4 Cac yeu to anh huong den hoat dong dau tu phat trien tai doanh nghiep tu van xay dung 24 2.4 Moi truong ben ngoai cua doanh nghiep 24 2.4.2 Cac nhan to thuoc moi truong ben 26 2.5 Cac tieu clii clanh gia ket qua va hieu qua dau tir phat trien doanh nghiep 29 2.5.1 Danh gia ket qua cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien 29 2.5.2 Danh gia hieu qua cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien 30 CHVONG TH UC TRANG DAU TV PHAT TRIEN TAI CONG TY TV VAN VA KHAO SAT THIET KE XAY DVNG - BO QUOC PHONG GIAI DOAN 2009- 2012 33 3.1 GiOi thieu chung ve Cong ty 33 3.1.1 Qua trinh hinh va phat trien 33 3.1.2 Dac diem to chuc bo may quan ly o Cong ty tu van va khao sat thiet ke xay dung - Bo Quoc phong 34 3.1.3 Thuc trang quan ly hoat dong dau tu tai Cong ty tu van va khao sat thiet ke xay dung - Bo Quoc phong 38 3.1.4 Dac diem hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh anh huong den dau tu phat trien 41 3.1.5 Mot so cong trinh chu yeu ma Cong ty da va dang thuc hien 42 3.2 Thuc trang hoat dong dau tu phat trien tai Cong ty tu van va khao sat thiet ke xay dung - Bo Quoc phong giai doan 2009 - 2012 43 3.2.1 Muc tieu phat trien cua Cong ty giai doan 2009 - 2012 43 3.2.2 Von va cor cau nguon von cua Cong ty giai doan 2009 - 2012 .44 3.2.3 Dau tu mua sam va sua chua may moc thiet bi 49 3.2.4 Dau tu phat trien cong nghe moi va hang du tru .52 3.2.5 Dau tu nang cao chat luqng nguon nhan luc 54 3.2.6 Cac hoat dong dau tu khac 56 3.3 Danh gia hoat dong dau tu- phat trien tai Cong ty tu van va khao sat thiet ke xay dung - Bo quoc phdng 57 3.3.1 Ket qua cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien 57 3.3.2 Hieu qua cua hoat dong dau tu phat trien 61 3.3.3 Han che va nguyen nhan hoat dong dau tu- phat trien cua Cong ty tu van va khao sat thiet ke xay dung - Bo Quoc phong 64 CHVONG MOT SO GIAI PHAP NHAM HOAN THIEN HOAT DONG DAU TV PHAT TRIEN TAI CONG TY TV VAN VA KHAO SAT THIET KE XAY DUNG - BO QUOC PHONG DEN NAM 2020 69 4.1 Dinh hhrong pPat trien cCa Conn ty giai doon 2203 - 2202 69 1.1 Muc tieu tong quat 69 1.2 Muc tieu cu the 70 r a •> 4.2 Mot ts giai phap hoon tliien hoot tlong dau tir phat trien tat Cong ty tu van va khao sat thiet ke xay dung - Bt Quoc phdng 73 4.2 Giai phap ve thu hut von 73 4.2.2 Giai phap ve su dung von 74 4.2.3 Mot so Oe xuat kien nghi 83 KET LUAN 87 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 88 DANH MUC CHI'" VIET TAT BQP : Bo quoc phong CNXH : Chu nghia xa hoi CNV : Cong nhan vien CBKT : Can bo ki thuat DNNN : Doanh nghiep nha nudc KH&CN : Khoa hoc va Cong nghe NSNN : Ngan sach nha nudc R&D TV - KSTK : Nghien cuu va phat trien r : Tu van va khao sat thiet ke XD : Xay dung r r DANH MUC SO DO, BANG BIEU SO DO Sa 3.1: Mo hinh to chuc cua cong ty 35 BANG Bang 3.1: Von va co cau von cua Cong ty giai doan 2009 - 2012 45 Bang 3.2: Tinh hinh phat trien cua cac nguon von 45 Bang 3.3: Co cau von dau tu theo noi dung cua Cong ty giai doan 2009 - 2012 47 Bang 3.4: Tinh hinh hoat dong dau tu phat trien cua Cong ty tu van va khao sat thiet ke xay dung - Bo quoc phong 48 Bang 3.5: Tinh hinh dau tu mua sam va sua chua may moc thiet bi cua Cong ty tu van va khao sat thiet ke xay dung - Bo Qudc phdng giai doan 2009 - 2012 50 Bang 3.6: Danh muc thiet bi moi cua Cong ty tu van va khao sat thiet ke xay dung - Bo Quoc phong tinh tu nam 2009 den nam 2012 52 Bang 3.7: Ket qua dau tu giai doan 2009 - 2012 cua Cong ty 58 Bang 3.8: Co cau lao dong theo trinh cua Cong ty tu van va khao sat thiet ke xay dung - Bo Quoc phong 60 Bang 3.9: Muc thu nhap trung binh cua nguai lao dong Cong ty tu van va khao sat thiet ke xay dung - Bo Quoc phong 61 Bang 3.10: Doanh thu va lai nhuan tang them/Von dau tu 62 Bang 3.11: Muc nop ngan sach tang them va von dau tu 63 Bang 3.12: Thu nhap tang them/Von dau tu 64 , •X II' fl' TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ BOKjCJcaGS ■ DANG THUY HA zC_ r fi fi' - a \ f DAU TIT PHAT TRIEN TAI CONG TY TIT VAN VA KHAO SAT THIET KE XAY DUNG - BO QUOC PHONG CHUYfiN NGANH: KINH t£ dAu TU TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SI • • HA NOI, NAM 2013 £S i CHVONG TONG QUAN 1.1 Sy can thiet cua de tai 1.2 Doi tuong va pham vi nghien cuu 1.3 Phiro’ng phap nghien cuu 1.4 Tinh hinh nghien ciru chung Hoat dong dau tu phat trien la hoat dong can thiet va quan can duqc tien hanh thuong xuyen tai moi doanh nghiep, nhien hoat dong doi hoi phai co ke hoach, chien luqc dau tu phu hop va co cac giai phap dau tu phat trien hieu qua Nghien cuu ve hoat dong dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep da co rat nhieu cac bai viet, cong trinh tap trung giai quyet Ve ly thuyet, hoat dong dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep da duqc nghien cuu mot each tong quan va phan anh day du giao trinh “Kinh te dau tu” cua PGS.TS Nguyen Bach Nguyet va PGS.TS Tu Quang Phuong Ngoai cac bai giang cua TS Pham Van Hung ve van de cung cung cap mot each chi tiet cac van de co lien quan Mot each cu the hon, nghien cuu ve hoat dong dau tu phat trien gan vdi tirng doanh nghiep, da co nhieu nghien cuu, phan tich cua cac tac gia 1.5 Ket cau luan van Luan van gom chuong, cu the: Chuang Tong quan Chuong Ly luan chung ve dau tu- phat trien doanh nghiep tir van va khao sat thiet ke xay dyng Chuong Thye trang dau tir phat trien tai Cong ty tir van va khao sat thiet ke xay dyng - Bo Quoc phong Chuong MQt so giai phap nham hoan thien hoat dong dau tir phat trien tai Cong ty tir van va khao sat thiet ke xay dyng - Bo Quoc phong 1i CHUONG 2: LY LUAN CHUNG VE DAU TU PHAT TRIEN TRONG DOANH NGHIEP TU VAN VA KHAO SAT THIET KE XAY DUNG 2.1 Mot so van de ve dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep tu van va khao sat thiet ke xay dyng A n •> r 2.2 Noi dung co1 ban cua dau tu phat trien doanh nghiep tu van va khao sat thiet ke - xay dyng 2.3 Cong tac quan ly hoat dong dau tu phat trien tai doanh nghiep tu van va khao sat thiet ke xay dyng 2.4 Cac yeu to anh huong den hoat dong dau tu phat trien tai doanh nghiep tu­ van va khao sat thiet ke xay dyng 2.4.1 Moi trunng ben ngoai cua doanh nghiep 2.4.1.1 Moi truong phap ly 2.4.1.2 Moi truong kinh te 2.4.1.3 Moi truong khoa hoc cdng nghe 2.4.1.4 Khach hang 2.4.2 Cac c nhn to thudc moitrirdng bbn trtrog 2.4.2.1 Nang lyc tai chinh cua doanh nghiep 2.4.2.2 Dinh huong phat trien cua doanh nghiep 2.4.2.3 Chat luong nguon nhan lyc 2.5 Cac tieu chi danh gia ket qqa va hieu qqa dau tir phat trien troog doanh nghiep 2.5.1 Danh gia ket qua cua hoat dCng dau tuphat trien Ket qua duu tu Oannh hghiUh duoc the h^n qua cac chi tiuu co ban sau: r r y - Khoi luong von dau tu thuc hien - Tai san co dinh huy dong va nang luc phuc vu tang them: 2.5.2 Danh gia hieu qua cua hoat dCng dau tuphat trien a) Hieu qua tai chinh: 74 Hai la: Phai da dang hoa cac hinh thuc huy dong von cua Cong ty: Cong ty can ket hop nhieu nguon von khac de dat hieu qua su dung cao nhat Mdi nguon von co uu nhuoc diem va chi phi su dung rieng Tuy thuoc vao muc dich dau tu va tinh hinh cu the tai Cong ty ( kha nang tai chinh, uy tin va hieu qua kinh doanh ), ngudi dung dau cong ty se lua chon cho minh nguon von thich hop nhat Phuong huong chung la cung mot luc su dung nhieu nguon von mot cach hai hoa de tan dung toi da uu diem va han che bot diem bat loi cua cac nguon von Doi voi mdi luong von huy dong, cong ty phai co mot phuong an thu hut rieng nhu cai thien quan he voi cac to chuc tin dung de giam bot chi phi va thu tuc giao dich vay von, dua cac hinh thuc phat hanh va muc lai suat hap dan neu muon huy dong von bang co phieu, trai phieu, day manh cdng tac tuyen truyen thuyet phuc de vay von Can bo cong nhan vien chuc Tuy nhien, du cong ty huy dong nguon von nao thi uy tin va hieu qua kinh doanh van la yeu to quyet dinh den kha nang cong cua phuong an huy dong Tren day la mot so giai phap tang cudng thu hut von cho Cong ty thdi gian toi Cac giai phap phai duoc van dung linh hoat moi thdi diem va cung voi su quan tam cua Nha nuoc, Cong ty phai xac dinh rang tao lap von dau tu truoc het la vi loi ich cua ban than Cong ty va Cong ty khong the chd vao bat ky khac ngoai su tu van dong bang noi luc cua chinh minh 4.2.2 Giai phap ve sir dung von Dung truoc nhung kho khan ve moi trudng canh tranh va thu hut von tu cac nguon ben ngoai, thi Cong ty can phai chu dau tu vao nhung du an mang tinh kha thi cao Ben canh do, Cong ty can loai bo tam ly la cong ty hang nam van duoc cap mot so von nhat dinh de phuc vu hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua minh Voi so von duoc cap Cong ty cung can dau tu vao cac du an kha thi mang lai hieu qua cao de tranh tinh trang lang phi that thoat von cua nha nuoc 4.2.2.1 Nang cao chat lucmg cong tac xay dung chien lucre dau tu va ke hoach hoa dau tu Xay dung chien luoc dau tu va ke hoach hoa dau tu nham cac muc tieu: Xoa a r y r r bo tinh trang “ ngau hung” dau tu Cac quyet dinh dau tu voi vang thieu ke 75 hoach, vi pham cac quy trinh dau tu, khac phuc hien tuong vua thiet ke vua thi cong, de nang cao chat luong du an, chat luong thiet ke dam bao dau tu co hieu qua Xoa bo tinh trang dau tu dan trai, dan den du an thieu von phai thi cong keo dai, lang phi, that thoat von dau tu va lam mat thoi co kinh doanh Xoa bo co che xincho, nguyen nhan phat sinh tieu cu, lam that thoat von dau tu, lam hu hOng can bo tham nhung thoai hoa Ban chat cua ke hoach hoa dau tu la dua tren chien luoc phat trien kinh te, xa hoi cua dat nuoc; tren quy hoach dai han va ngan han cua doanh nghiep; du bao thi ? 7 \ truong tieu thu va ngoai nuoc de dinh mot “ buc tranh tong the” cho dau tu cua doanh nghiep Tren co so dinh ke hoach dau tu nam va dau tu hang nam Cac ke hoach xac dinh thoi gian cho viec nghien cuu du an linh vuc nao do, neu thay dau tu se dan den mat can doi tieu thu san pham, hoac canh tranh khong lanh manh thi doanh nghiep khong nen dau tu doi voi bat ky ngudn von nao Dieu khong chi co loi cho Cong ty ma co loi cho toan xa hoi 4.2.2.2 Tiep tuc doi moi may moc thiet bi va cong nghe Dau tu doi moi may moc thiet bi- cong nghe la mot nhung giai phap quan nhat tang hieu qua hoat dong dau tu phat trien cua cong ty Dau tu cho may moc, thiet bi- cong nghe cua Tong cong ty thoi gian toi can tap trung theo nhung huong sau: Mot la: Phai thuong xuyen doi moi thiet bi- cong nghe, dua nhung tien bo khoa hoc ky thuat vao san xuat cong ty Day la su song dam bao thang thau co che dau thau hien Hien tai dau tu vao hai nganh nghe xay dung cau va duong nhu: khoan coc nhoi duong kinh lon, cau day vang, dam Prebeam, duc hang can bang khau lon, thi cong duong theo qui trinh AASHTO co thiet bi hien dai nhu tram be tong at- phan, may rai, dam rung Hai la: Quan diem dau tu lay ngan nuoi dai, manh dan dau tu nhung phai khai thac triet de Ba la: Viec dau tu phai dong bo, dung thu tuc, co hieu qua Viec mua sam dau 76 tu thiet bi phai co luan chung kinh te ky thuat duoc duyet qua de thong nhat dong bo toan cong ty, tranh chong cheo Han che viec mua thiet bi cu, kern chat luong, khong dung yeu cau chat luong ma du an dang can Dau tu phai gan lien voi du an, cong trinh de hach toan, khau hao thu hoi von Bon la: Day manh viec ung dung cong nghe thong tin san xuat kinh doanh Trong thoi gian qua Cong ty da ung dung cong nghe thong tin vao san xuat dieu hanh nhu : thiet ke ky thuat, tinh toan ket cau, tinh toan gia thanh, thong ke bao > a < cao, truyen tin dieu hanh chi huy san xuat Song nhin chung, thiet bi da cu, chua xay dung dupe mot mang toan Cong ty, chua ung dung cong nghe thong tin vao quan ly Vi vay, thoi gian tdi Cdng ty phai day manh ung dung cong nghe thong tin san xuat kinh doanh nhu: - Dau tu mot mang de lam nen tang cho viec xay dung co sd du lieu chung cua cdng ty - Day manh viec ung dung Internet - Manh dan ung dung cac chuong trinh quan ly chuyen nganh - Ket hop xay dung cac phan mem theo dac thu Cdng ty ( quan ly nhan su, quan ly cdng van, quan ly thiet bi, quan ly tien luong ) Nam la: Phai xac dinh chien luoc dau tu hop ly Chien luoc dau tu nang cao nang luc may moc thiet bi, doi mdi cdng nghe la mot bo phan cua chien luoc kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep Muc dau tu nhu the nao, cdng nghe sao? doi hoi phai tinh toan, can nhac cho phu hop Khi xay dung chien luoc phai can cu tu nhu cau thi trudng, phai nam bat dupe chieu hudng phat trien va du doan muc canh tranh tren thi trudng de dua dupe chien luoc cu the, dam bao hop ly budc di tung giai doan Hien nay, ty le tai san cd dinh chiem tu 70- 75% tong tai san cua Cdng ty Vi vay, ke hoach dau tu may moc thiet bi, trudc het can soat xet lai may moc thiet bi san co, vach ke hoach sua chua, nang cap, nang cao tinh nang su dung va giam cac chi phi van hanh cua may moc cu, ly cac may moc lac hau, khong dap ung dupe vdi yeu cau canh tranh cua Tong cdng ty 77 Mat khac, tren ca sd tinh toan nang cap cac may moc thiet bi san co cong ty phai co ke hoach dau tu mua sam mdi cac thiet bi quan trong, dac chung ca ve so luqng va chat luqng Day la co sd nang cao vi tri va uy tin, tang sue canh tranh, tao nen phong each xay dung rieng cho nha thau, va han nua tao su tin cay cua cac chu dau tu va cac khach hang tiem nang Khi dau tu mua sam may moc thiet bi phai tinh toan den cac yeu to anh hudng true tiep tdi hieu qua cua viec dau tu nhu: Khoa hoc ky thuat phat trien, may moc thiet bi duqc san xuat nhieu han, tinh nang ky thuat cao han, chung loai da dang han, mat khac cac quy trinh cdng nghe xay lap cung duqc doi mdi, nhung dieu deu lam tang hao mon vo hinh cua may moc thiet bi Viec dau tu bang ngudn vdn vay se lam tang them khoan du nq cho cdng ty, dong nghia vdi viec giam ty vdn chu sd huu tong ngudn vdn va nhu vay cung lam giam tinh chu dong cua Cdng ty Mot van de quan la phai gan ket ke hoach dau tu vdi ke hoach san xuat kinh doanh, lien ket lien doanh cua cdng ty, tranh tinh trang dau tu may moc xong thieu viec lam Doi vdi nhung cdng trinh cd tinh dac chung ve ky thuat, neu dau tu may moc de dap ung yeu cau xay dung cdng trinh se dan tdi thi cdng xong cdng trinh thi may moc thieu viec lam va u dong vdn Sau la: Phai lua chon phuong thuc dau tu phu hqp Khi dau tu tang nang luc thiet bi de nang cao sue canh tranh dau thau xay dung, cdng ty can phai can cu vao ngudn vdn, may moc thiet bi hien cd, ke hoach san xuat kinh doanh va nghien cuu thi trudng de lua chon mot cac hinh thuc mua sam sau: - Tin dung thue mua - Thue true tiep cua cac cdng ty khac - Mua mdi thiet bi - Lien danh dau thau De mua sam thiet bi vdi muc dich cd duqc thiet bi tot, gia ca hqp ly, cdng ty can nghien cuu lua chon phuong thuc mua sam cu the; cd the lua chon mot hai hinh thuc la mua true tiep hoac mua sam thong qua dau thau Nhin chung vdi r \ r \ r nhung thiet bi cd gia tri ldn, tinh nang ky thuat phuc tap can phai dau thau mua sam 78 bao dam ti'nh canh tranh cong bang va minh bach qua trinh dau thau de lua chon nha thau phu hop, dat hieu qua kinh te cua du an Trong dieu kien thi truong thiet bi da dang, viec lua chon chinh xac thiet bi thi cong du an dau tu mua sam thiet bi nham tiet kiem chi phi dau tu va nang cao hieu qua su dung Co the su dung phuong phap danh gia Ho so du thau thdng qua he thong cham diem van dung kinh nghiem the thuc dau thau cua Hiep hoi Kinh td cac ky su tu van tren co so thuc tien thi truong Viet Nam Hieu qua cua phuong phap la dap ung duoc nhieu chi tieu dat ra, co y nghia thuc tien giup cho Tong cong ty mua duoc thiet bi can thiet voi tinh nang ky thuat, chat luong va hieu qua kinh te cao Theo quy dinh ve phan cap phe duyet, quyet dinh cac du an dau tu, cac cong ty Nha nuoc duoc phep quyet dinh dau tu cac du an quy mo nhom A Vi vay, Cong ty tren quan diem hieu qua cua viec dau tu can phai trien khai tO chuc hoat dong tham dinh gia thiet bi doanh nghiep minh Viec tham dinh gia phai co cac chuyen gia gioi ve thi truong, ve ky thuat cong nghe cung nhu ve kinh te Trong qua trinh trien khai can tham khao y kien cac Bo nganh chuc nang nhu: Bo Giao thong Van tai, Bo tai chinh, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu To chuc va xac dinh noi dung, phuong phap, quy trinh tham dinh hop ly, phu hop voi dieu kien cua doanh nghiep Bo may tham dinh phai gon nhe, linh hoat, khong lam anh huong den bien che, tien dau tu mua sam va tiet kiem chi phi tham dinh Tom lai, de nang cao nang luc dau thau cua cong ty, van de dau tu may moc thiet bi dong bp, hien dai, doi moi cong nghe thi cong la giai phap vua co tinh cap bach vi ddi hoi cua thuc te, vua co tinh chien luoc cho viec phat trien cua Cong ty 4.2.23 Dau tu phat trien nguon nhan luc Con nguoi la mot chu the, la mot nhan to dac biet so cac nhan to dau vao cua moi hoat dong kinh te No khac biet so voi cac nhan to khac vi no vua la nhan to dong luc dam bao cho su cong hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua cong ty noi rieng va cua ca nen kinh te noi chung, song dong thoi cung la muc tieu phuc vu ma Cong ty va ca xa hoi phai huong toi Nang luc canh tranh cua mot Cong 79 ty chiu tac dong boi nhieu yeu to song cong bang ma noi thi ngudn nhan luc la nguon luc co ban quyet dinh- chat luong ngudn nhan luc co y nghia quan doi voi co cau san xuat, kha nang canh tranh, den hoat dong khoa hoc cong nghe, den quan ly va dau tu do quyet dinh toc tang truong cua doanh nghiep Do vay, thoi gian toi, Tong cong ty can nhin nhan nghiem tuc va dau tu dung muc cho phat trien ngudn nhan luc theo cac huong sau: Thu- nhaf Khong ngung tao dieu kien cho nguoi lao dong ( bao gom ca cong nhan lao dong truc tiep lan doi ngu quan ly o moi cap) duoc hoc tap, duoc dao tao va dao tao lai Trong xa hoi thong tin, viec khong ngung nang cao cap nhat kien thuc la mot \ r r nhu cau tat yeu, dac biet la giai doan hien ma su phat trien cua moi qudc gia deu huong toi nen kinh te tri thuc- mot xa hoi cua tinh than khong ngung hoc hoi, ren luyen va nang cao kien thuc De nang cao suc canh tranh thi viec dao tao chuyen sau la vo cung can thiet, vi co dao tao chuyen sau moi tao duoc mot doi ngu quan ly gioi Ong cha ta da tung e \ noi “ Mot nguffi lo bang mot kho nguffi lam ” Mot co nha lanh dao gioi, ho la nguoi am hieu, nam bat duoc thuc chat cua van de thi ho moi dat duoc nhung yeu cau can phai thuc hien de nang cao suc canh tranh cua cong ty, dong thoi tao dieu kien de thuc hien duoc cac yeu cau dat Trong thuc te chung ta thay khong it truong hop co nhieu Cong ty duoc dau tu co so vat chat va ngudn von kha lon song van hoat dong khong hieu qua, tai nhieu Cong ty dung tren bo vuc pha san xong mot chon duoc giam doc gioi thi ho da xoay chuyen duoc tinh the tren Phai chang loi giai o day chinh la yeu to nguoi Chinh vi vay, viec dao tao khong the chi duoc thuc hien mot cach hinh thuc, chay theo so luong ma luon ^phai can chu y den chat luong dao tao De dao tao chuyen sau, cung can phai chon dung nguoi de dao tao va phai dao tao dung nhung nganh co nhu cau Nguoi duoc cu di hoc phai la nhung nguoi co kha nang tiep thu va la nhung nguoi ham hoc, co tinh than trach nhiem cao hoc tap 80 Viec dao tao chuyen mon cung can gan lien vdi viec giao due pham chat, dao due va ren luyen the luc Mot co the khoe manh, giau sue song ca ve sue luc, tri tue ' A va tinh than se la mdi trudng thuan loi de hinh va nudi dudng ngudn tri thuc tot Nhung hanh dong, quyet dinh cua ngudi thong qua tri thuc se gop phan cai tao, thuc day cdng ty phat trien hoac kirn ham doanh nghiep phat trien Do vay, neu ngudi duoc dao tao va ren luyen vdi nhung pham chat tot thi nhung hanh dong cua ho se mang tinh nhan ban hon va se tich cue thuc day cdng ty phat trien Thu hai: Mot van de cung khong kern phan quan trong viec nang cao sue canh tranh thong qua yeu td ngudi la tao mdi trudng thuan loi de ngudi lao dong duoc phat huy moi tiem nang sue sang tao cua minh, duoc cdng hien nhieu hon cho su phat trien cua Cdng ty Day la yeu td cue ky quan trong, vi ngudi cd duoc dao tao tot, song neu khong cd mdi trudng de phat huy thi chang khac nao la mot mon hang chi de trung bay va roi nd se mai mot theo thdi gian, song neu nguoc lai, neu cd mdi trudng lam viec tot thi nhung nhan td se duoc phat huy va cdng hien nhieu hon Do vay, de cd the cdng hien duoc thi ngudi phai cd mdi trudng lam viec phu hop va duoc dat vao dung vi tri theo kha nang cua minh Mat khac, thong thudng nhung ngudi cd tri thuc la nhung ngudi ham hoc hoi thi d mot khia canh khac ho lai la nhung ngudi mong duoc cdng hien va khong chu y nhieu den van de danh loi Van de dat la phai lam the nao de ho cd the phat huy kha nang dem nhung tri thuc cua minh cdng hien cho doanh nghiep, tao duoc nhieu sang kien gop phan nang cao sue canh tranh Cd the noi, sue sang tao cua ngudi la ngudn sue manh vo tan da giup ngudi chinh phuc, chien thang thien nhien va lam nen nhung ky tich to ldn de ton tai va phat trien Van de la lam giai phong duoc nhung tiem nang va sue sang tao nay, dung vi nhung suy nghi hep hoi, ganh dua ma triet tieu dong luc sang tao va sue cdng hien cua ho Thu ba: Phai giai quyet thoa dang che tien luong cho ngudi lao dong Van de duqc dat d khia canh khong phai chi la de tao dieu kien cho ho an tam lam viec ma duoc xet den d khia canh kinh te nham nang cao sue canh tranh 81 Thu tu: Tang cuang cong tac giao duc nham nang cao y thuc to chuc ky luat va trach nhiem cua nguai lao dong truoc ca nhan va tap the, tu ho co the hoan tot cong viec duoc giao mot cach tu giac, khong can phai thuc giuc, lenh Thu nam: Khuyen khich va to chuc lam viec theo to, doi nham ren luyen cho nguai lao dong tinh than lam viec hop tac, qua phat huy tinh nang dong, sang tao cua ca nhan va tap the nguai lao dong Thu sau: Kien tao van hoa to chuc dua tren co so ton lan Mot duoc ton trong, nguai lao dong co dong luc de ren luyen, hoc tap va phat huy toi da kha nang cua minh, san sang vuot qua thu thach, tro ngai gop phan vao viec thuc hien cong cac chien luoc cua cong ty Ben canh nhung no luc cua Cong ty viec nang cao chat luong nguon nhan luc tai don vi minh, ddi hoi phai co su ho tro ve phi Nha nuoc nham tao mot nguon nhan luc co chat luong xa hoi de tren co so cac doanh nghiep co dieu kien tuyen dung nguon nhan luc co chat luong phu hop voi yeu cau cua minh 4.2.2.4 Daututhuc day hoat dong im.a^lci^(it kien n^^hi Kho khan doi vdi hau het cac cong ty hien la thieu von nghiem Nhu cau dau tu phat trien la rat ldn nguon von lai eo hep Chinh vi dieu ma khong it cong ty dang phai doi mat vdi tinh trang san xuat kinh doanh thua lo thieu von Vi vay, thdi gian tdi, Nha nudc can co nhung giai phap thich hop nham ho tro von cho cac cong ty cu the la: - Doi mdi che vay tin dung cua Nha nudc de DNNN co dieu kien tang von dau tu, giai quyet tinh trang thieu von trien mien, phai vay von ngan han cua ngan hang de dau tu dai han DNNN hien ve phia ngan hang, phai lai suat cho vay, giup cac cong ty co dieu kien md rong san xuat tang nhanh vong quay cua von Hien nay, co nhieu DNNN khong du von de dam bao san xuat kinh doanh Nha nudc can co co che de nam bat duoc day du thuc trang su dung von, tin dung, viec r y r > bao toan von va cung can co cac co che, cac chinh sach cu the tao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep tu huy dong von va ngoai nudc, dac biet la nguon von nhan roi dan cu, can chu cong tac kiem toan noi bo va kiem toan Nha nudc thong qua che bao cao tai chinh doanh nghiep - Md rong hoat dong cua thi trudng von de lam phong phu va nang cao tiem luc tham gia thi trudng von Trong do, hoan thien co che hoat dong cua thi trudng chung khoan tao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep viec huy dong von - Tao dieu kien thuan loi khuyen khich doanh nghiep thu hut von dau tu thong qua kenh tin dung uu dai cua Nha nudc va Nha nudc gian tiep ho tro cong ty thong qua ho tro lai suat sau dau tu doi vdi cac du an dau tu co hieu qua - Hoan thien chinh sach ho tro tai chinh doi vdi doanh nghiep Nha nudc thong qua cac Quy ho tro xuat khau va Quy bao hiem xuat khau theo hiep hoi nganh hang, Quy ho tro sap xep va co phan hoa doanh nghiep Nha nudc, Quy ho tro doanh nghiep vua va nho Dong thdi thuc hien chinh sach bao ho hop ly, co thdi han hang san xuat nudc phu hop vdi cac hoat dong va tieu chuan quoc te - Tang cudng va lap mdi cac to chuc dich vu tai chinh hd tro cac cong ty thuc hien lanh manh hoa tai chinh cua minh va tao dieu kien cho ho phat trien, nhu 84 cung co va doi moi he thong tin dung, tang cuang cac dich vu kiem toan, thong tin tu van tai chinh, lap cac Cong ty mua ban ng va tai san ly cua cong ty, Cong ty moi gioi chung khoan, Cong ty dau tu tai chinh Nha nuoc Doi moi cong nghe chinh la mot nhung yeu to song cua doanh nghiep Nha nuoc can tap trung giup cac doanh nghiep viec huy dong von dau tu doi moi cong nghe de tang suc canh tranh cua minh, dong thai cung can dua cac yeu cau kiem tra, kiem soat viec doi moi trang thiet bi va cong nghe cua DNNN thong qua mot he thong cac giai phap sau: Mot la: tiep tuc fidi mdi va hoan thien mot truang the che, chinh sach, ca che quan ly cho hoat fiong fiOi mdi cong nghe a cac doanh nghiep hudng vao: - Mot mat tang cuang quan ly chat che hon nua ( ke ca viec quy dinh nghiem ngat hon va xu ly nghiem minh hon doi voi cac vi pham) hoat dong dau tu doi moi cong nghe a cac doanh nghiep, mat khac tao dieu kien rong rai hon nua cho cac DNNN chu dong nhieu hon hoat dong doi moi cong nghe Nhung ach tac can tra cac qui dinh chinh sach va co che quan ly Nha nuoc doi voi hoat dong cua doanh nghiep can dugc som thao go va xoa bo Vi du nhu che khau hao, r a r \ mot so quy dinh ve thue, ve tin dung cho doi moi cong nghe - Tao nhung ap luc, suc ep can thiet, tham chi gay gat hon nua doi voi cac DNNN nhanh chong tiep can va doi moi cong nghe de nang cao nang luc canh tranh •» A cua san pham Viet Nam Cac nghien cuu va ngoai nuoc deu chi rang hien tai ap luc, suc ep chua du lon bai van nhung ho trg, uu dai khdng can thiet doi voi cac DNNN ( ve tin dung, ve gia, ve thi truang ) vay tao tam ly y lai, cha vao Nha nuoc cua cac DNNN Mot nghien cuu gan day cung chi rang cac DNNN van chiu anh huang nhieu hon cua quan ly hanh chinh ( Bo, nganh, UBND tinh) so voi nhung ap luc cua thi truang - Khuyen khich va huong manh cac dong dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai vao chuyen giao cong nghe moi, tien tien, nham nhanh chong doi moi cong nghe cac lien doanh voi DNNN Theo phuong huong can tiep tuc cai thien moi truang thuong mai va moi truang dau tu ma y kien cua cac nha dau tu nuoc ngoai den van cho rang la kho khan Dieu co lien quan truoc het toi viec thay doi 85 he thong phe duyet dau tu phuc tap bang mot quy trinh dang ky dau tu don gian hon, it lat leo, vong va khong phan biet hinh thuc so huu cung nhu cac quy dinh quan he vdi doi tac dau tu nudc ngoai Hai la: tao dung he thong dich vu ho tra viec chuyen giao, tiep thu va doi mdi cdng nghe cho cac doanh nghiep Su yeu kern cac dich vu ho tro la mot can trd ldn, tham chi nhieu trudng hop cdn gay thiet hai ve kinh te ldn cho cac doanh nghiep hoat dong dau tu doi mdi cdng nghe, can sdm duoc khac phuc Viec tao dung dich vu ho tro trudc het nham tao dung: - Mang ludi cung cap cac thong tin du, kip thoi ve cdng nghe - He thong tu van ve cdng nghe - He thong tham dinh ve cdng nghe - Dao tao can bo - He thong nghien cuu va trien khai ve cdng nghe - He thong tai chinh- tin dung va ngan hang phuc vu hoat dong doi mdi cdng nghe ( cac loai quy va ngan hang chuyen dung ) - Mang ludi xuc tien dau tu nudc ngoai Doi mdi manh me co cau DNNN thong qua cac bien phap dieu chinh co cau dau tu va lap mdi DNNN, dong thoi sap xep lai DNNN hi?n cd Tien hanh kiem ke phan loai DNNN de lam co sd cho viec sap xep Xuat phat tir quy hoach nganh va lanh tho, cung cd to chuc va ho tro cho cac doanh nghiep quan trong, chuyen hudng kinh doanh doi vdi nhung doanh nghiep khong quy hoach nganh nghe hoac chinh sach bao ve mdi trudng, phap luat, hop nhat nhung doanh nghiep qua nho vao cac doanh nghiep khac hoac cac Tong cong ty cd lien quan ve cdng nghe hoac thi trudng, day manh cd phan hoa, ban dau gia cho nguoi lao dong doanh nghiep, chuyen doanh nghiep tap the hoac cho dau thau quan ly doi vdi doanh nghiep vira va nho Cung vdi viec khan truong giam sd luong cac DNNN lam an kern hieu qua, can day manh viec hinh Tong cdng ty la nhung tap doan kinh te manh, la xuong song cho nen kinh te Nha nudc can tien 86 hanh tong ket danh gia mot each he thong thuc trang hoat dong cua cac DNNN de lam co so cho phan loai cho doanh nghiep hoat dong cdng ich, doanh nghiep hoat dong kinh doanh, doanh nghiep gitr 100% von, doanh nghiep chi giu co phan chi nghiep nho hoat dong kem hieu qua cuong quyet thuc hien bien phap giai the, sap nhap hoac thuc hien theo luat Pha san doanh nghiep On dinh va hoan thien to chuc Tong cong ty: Kip thoi chan chinh nhung mat chua hoan thien, bo sung du can bo lanh dao va phan cap trach nhiem cho hoi dong quan tri theo dung quy dinh hien hanh dong thoi nghien cuu de ngi cua Chinh phu sua doi nhung quy dinh chua phu hop Hoi dong quan tri khong phai la chu so huu ma duoc Nha nudc giao mot so quyen dai dien sd huu d DNNN tuong doi ldn de phat huy tri tue tap the va chiu trach nhiem tap the ve bao toan va phat trien von cua Nha nudc giao Tang cuong hon ntra vai trd cua Tong cdng ty viec xay dung chien luoc, ke hoach phat trien, to chuc phoi hop tren co sd phat huy tinh chu dong sang tao cua cac don vi vien 87 KET LUA N Trong xu the hoi nhap va toan cau hoa, Viet Nam da tich cuc chu dong tham ' r ' r gia hoi nhap voi nhieu nudc khu vuc va tren the gidi Hoi nhap quoc te da tao co hoi thuan loi de Viet Nam phat huy cac the manh md rong thi trudng, tranh thu nam bat duoc cong nghe va tien bo ky thuat hien dai cua the gidi de phat trien nhanh va ben vung, tao the manh ve chat luong va gia san pham thuc hien canh tranh Hoi nhap quoc te cung la thach thuc doi vdi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam ve kha nang canh tranh, trinh tay nghe ngudi lao dong, trinh can bo quan ly Do vay, doanh nghiep cua ta phai du manh de canh tranh thang doi thu tren “ san choi chung” binh dang Thuc te da khang dinh vai tro va tam quan cua viec nang cao hoat dong cua cac doanh nghiep viet Nam Cong ty TV va KSTK xay dung - Bo Quoc phong la mot nhung doanh nghiep Xay dung cau dudng ldn d Viet Nam Nhan thuc duoc tam quan do, nhung nam qua, cong ty da no luc nang cao hoat dong dau tu phat trien thong qua cac hoat dong dau tu va dat duoc nhieu tuu quan nhu da phan tich d tren Tuy nhien, viec dau tu nhu the nao de dat hieu qua cao la mot viec lam khong don gian chut nao Vi vay, mac du co nhieu co gang song, hoat dong dau tu cua cong ty cung khong tranh khoi nhung ton tai yeu kem can khac phuc Hy vong rang vdi cac giai phap de se giup cong ty cang khang dinh duoc vi the va uy tin cua minh tren thi trudng 88 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguyen Bach Nguyet va Tir Quang Phuong (2007) - Giao trinh Kinh te dau tu, NXB Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan, Ha Noi, 2007 Tir Quang Phuong va Pham Van Hung - Bai giang Kinh te dau tu Nguyen Bach Nguyet (2005) - Giao trinh Lap du an dau tu, NXB Thong ke Mai Quoc Chanh va Tran Xuan Cau (2000) - Giao trinh Kinh te lao dong, NXB Lao dong - Xa hoi, Ha Noi Truong Doan The (2007) - Giao trinh Quan tri San xuat va Tac nghiep, NXB Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan, Ha Noi Bao cac ket qua san xuat kinh doanh va bao cac quyet toan cac nam 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 cua Cong ty TV va KSTK xay dung - Bo Quoc phdng http://mod.gov.vn Cong thong tin dien tu cua Bo Quo phong Ngo Thi Anh (2002) “Nang cao chat luong nguon nhan luc, nen tang cho su cong cua doanh nghiep”, Tap chi Phat trien kinh te, thang 11/2002