Thúc đẩy xuất khẩu mặt hàng chè của việt nam trong điều kiện gia nhập wto (lấy ví dụ công ty đầu tư phát triển chè nghệ an)

LV ThS 2560 DHKTQD THUE DBY XUUT KM MAT V Err EN lilt A ri «l « (LAY Vf DU CdNG TY DAU TIT PHAT TRlizN CHE NGHf AN) 'mtfdw BAI HOC KIHHH TC QUOC dJlT a* Pl se «r NGUYEN TUAN ANH THUC BAY XUAT KHAU MAT HANG CHE CUA VIET NAM TRUNG BIEU KIEN GIA NHAP WTO (LAY Vi DU CftNG TY DAU TIT PHAT THIEN CHE NGHE AN) ChuySn ngdnh: KINH T O6l NGOA1 LUAN VAN THAC ST KINH TE i Ngudi hudng dan khoa hoc: PGS TS NGUYEN THUdNG LANG BA Xni - boot MUC LUC e • DANH MVC CHU VIET TAT DANH MVC BANG BIEU, HINH VA HQP TOM TAT LUAN VAN LCH MO DAU CHlfONG 1: NHLfNG VAN DE LY LUAN CHUNG VE HOAT DQNG THUC DAY XUAT KHAU HANG HOA VA KINH NGHIEM THUC DAY XUAT KHAU MAT HANG CHE CUA MQT SO NIJOC 1.1 Khai quat ve hoat dong xuat khau 1.1.1 Khai niem va vai tro 1.1.1.1 Khai niem ve hoat dong xuat khau .5 1.1.1.2 Vai tro cua hoat dong xuat khau 1.1.2 Mot so ly thuyet lien quan den xuat khau 1.1.2.1 Ly thuyet truyen thong 1.1.2.1 Ly thuyet moi 1.1.3 Cac yeu to anh huong den hoat dong thuc day xuat khau 14 1.2 Mot so chinh sach thuc day xuat khau 15 1.2.1 Chinh sach ti gia hoi doai 15 1.2.2 Chinh sach xuc tien xuat khau 15 1.2.3 Chinh sach tro cap xuat khau 16 1.2.4 Chinh sach tin dung xuat khau 17 1.2.4.1 Nha nuoc bao lanh tin dung xuat khau 17 1.2.4.2 Bao hiem tin dung 18 1.2.4.3 Nha nuoc cap tin dung xuat khau 18 1.3 Dac diem cua hoat dong san xuat va kinh doanh mat hang che 19 1.3.1 Dac diem san xuat, kinh doanh 19 1.3.2 Tam quan cua hoat dong xuat khau che 22 1.3.3 Nhung yeu to chu yeu anh huong den hoat dong thuc day xuat khau che 24 1.3.3.1 Cac yeu to thuoc ve san xuat 24 r r r 1.3.3.2 Chat lirgng che bien, cong nghe sau thu hoach 25 r r ? 1.3.3.3 Nghien curu thi truong, xuc tien xuat khau va to chuc phan phoi 27 1.3.3.4 Cac chinh sach khac 27 1.3.3.5 Moi truong thuong mai toan cau .28 1.4 Cac nguyen tac va mot so hiep dinh cua WTO 29 1.4.1 Cac nguyen tac cua WTO 29 1.4.2 Mot so hiep dinh cua WTO 30 1.4.2.1 Hiep dinh SPS 30 1.4.2.2 Hiep dinh ve nong nghiep cua WTO 33 1.5 Kinh nghiem thuc day xuat khau che cua mot so nuoc va bai hoc doi voi Viet Nam 38 1.5.1 An Do 38 1.5.2 Kenya 39 1.5.3 Bai hoc doi voi Viet Nam 40 CHtfONG 2: THl/C TRANG HOAT DQNG THUC DAY XUAT KHAU MAT HANG CHE CUA VIET NAM TRONG GIAI DOAN HIEN NAY (TRICING HOP CONG TY DAU TU PHAT TRIEN CHE NGHE AN) 41 2.1 Dac diem nganh che Viet Nam giai doan hien 41 2.1.1 Tong quan ve nganh che Viet Nam 41 2.1.1.1 Quy hoach vung san xuat 41 2.1.1.2 Chat hrcrng san pham va cac san pham che 43 2.1.1.3 Nang luc san xuat va che bien 44 2.1.2 Tinh hinh xuat khau che cua Viet Nam 46 2.1.2.1 Kim ngach xuat khau 46 2.1.2.2 Co cau mat hang xuat khau 48 2.1.2.3 Thi truong xuat khau 49 2.1.2.4 Gia ca, chat hrong san pham xuat khau 52 2.1.2.5 Hinh thuc va phuong phap xuat khau 55 2.1.3 Mot so chinh sach thuc d4y xuat khau mat hang che cua Viet Nam 56 2.1.3.1 Chinh sach dau tu va tin dung 56 2.1.3.2 Ho tro ve khoa hoc - cong nghe - moi trucmg 57 2.1.3.3 Ho tro to chuc san xuat 58 2.1.3.4 Chinh sach thuc day xuat khau cua mot so tinh 59 62 2.1.4 Danh gia 2.1.4.1 Thanh cong 62 2.1.4.2 Han chS 63 2.2 Hoat dong thuc day xuat khau mat hang che tai Cong ty Dau tuPhat trien che Nghe An 65 2.2.1 Cong ty Dau tu Phat trien che Nghe An (Nghe An Tea Development Investment Company) 65 2.2.1.1 Dat dai 65 2.2.1.2 Lao dong 65 67 2.2.1.3 V6n 2.2.1.4 Tinh hinh phat trien san xuat cua cong ty thoi gian qua 67 _ r 2.2.2 Hoat dong san xuat cua Cong ty 68 r r r r 2.2.2.1 Tinh hinh san xuat cung cap che bup tuoi cho che bien 68 2.2.2.2 Tinh hinh che bien 70 2.2.2.3 Ve gia San pham 71 2.2.3 Hoat dong xuat khau cua Cong ty 75 2.2.3.1 Kim ngach xuat khau 76 2.2.3.2 Thi trucmg xuat khau 77 2.2.3.3 Hinh thuc va phuong phap xuat khau 79 2.2.3.4 Gia ca va san pham xuat khau cua Cong ty 79 2.2.3.5 Van de thucmg hieu, quang cao va khuyen khich tieu thu 81 2.2.4 Danh gia tinh hinh thuc day xuat khau mat hang che tai cong ty 83 2.2.4.1 Thanh cong 83 2.2.4.2 Han che 85 2.2.4.3 Nguyen nhan han che 87 CHLONG 3: GIAI PHAP THUC DAY XUAT KHAU MAT HANG CHE CUA VIET NAM TRONG DIEU KIEN GIA NHAP WTO 88 3.1 Du- bao thi truong che the gidi 88 3.1.1 Ve san kromg va nhu cau 88 3.1.2 Ve kim ngach xuat khau va nhap khau chinh 90 3.1.3 Ve gia ca 92 3.2 Chien liroc phat trien Nganh che den nam 2010 93 3.2.1 Nhung quan diem chu yeu de phat trien san xuat va xuat khau che Viet Nam 93 3.2.2 Mot so muc tieu co ban phat trien san xuat va xuat khau nganh che Viet Nam den nam 2010-2015 94 3.2.2.1 Muc tieu chung 94 3.2.2.2 Muc tieu tren tung khu vuc thi truong 96 3.3 Mot so cam ket cua Viet Nam WTO lien quan den thuc day xuat khau che 99 3.4 Nhung giai phap thuc day xuat khau mat hang che 100 3.4.1 Ve cor cau mat hang che xuat khau 100 3.4.2 Ve quy hoach vung san xuat va che bien che 101 \ r r •> 3.4.3 Ve chat luomg va quan ly chat luong san pham 105 3.4.4 Ve thi truong xuat khau va xuc tien thuong mai 107 3.4.5 Ve tai chinh va tang kha nang canh tranh 109 3.4.6 Ve nhan sir 110 3.5 Mot so kien nghi 110 3.5.1 Kien nghi doi voi Nha nude 110 3.5.2 Goi y doi voi Cong ty Dau tu Phat trien che Nghe An 113 3.5.3 Kien nghi doi voi Hiep hoi Che Viet Nam 113 KET LUAN 115 DANH MVC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 117 DANH MVC CHLT VIET TAT NghTa day du Ky hieu STT viet tat Tieng Viet Tieng Anh The Association of r r Hiep hoi cac quoc gia Dong Nam A ASEAN CCEA CIS CTC EATTA EU FAO FTA GATT 10 GAP Good Agricultural Practices Quy dinh ve nong nghiep an toan 11 GDP Gross Domestic Product 12 GMO Southeast Asian Nations The Cabinet Committee on r r Uy ban noi cac ve cac van de kinh te a a Economic Affairs The Commonwealth of A f Cong dong cac quoc gia doc lap Independent States Crush-Tear-Curl East African Tea Trade Che vd nat va quan tron Hiep hoi che Dong Phi Association A European Union Food and Agriculture Lien minh Chau Au r •> To chuc Nong luong the giai Organisation Free Trade Agreement Hiep dinh thuong mai tu General Agreement on Hiep dinh chung ve thue quan va Tariffs and Trade thuong mai Genetically Modified Tong san pham quoc noi r San pham bien doi gen Organism 7 Hazand Analysis and 13 HACCP 14 HTX 15 ISO Diem kiem soat tdi han va phan r tich moi nguy hai ve ve sinh e a Critical Control Point Hop tac xa International Standard Organisation r-y-5 /A r rp' A /A r /A r /A To chuc Tieu chuan quoc te Kenya Tea Development 16 KTDA 17 MFN 18 NN&PTNT 19 NT Co quan phat trien che Kenya Association The Most Favoured Nation Doi xu toi hue quoc Nong nghiep va phat trien nong thon National Treatment Doi xu quoc gia r 20 NTR 21 NTQD 22 ODA 23 OTD 24 QDTtg 25 SA 26 SNG 27 SPS 28 SPTF 29 TG 30 UBND 31 USD 32 VITAS 33 XDCB 34 WGTA 35 WTO Normal Trade Relations Quy che quan he thucmg mai binh thucmg Nong trucmg quoc doanh Official Development Assistance Orthodox Ho tro phat trien chinh thuc Che OTD Quyet dinh Thu tuong Social Accountability He thong trach nhiem xa hoi Cong dong cac quoc gia doc lap The Application of Sanitary Hiep dinh ve ap dung cac bien phap and Phytosanitary Measures ve sinh kiem dich dong thuc vat Special Purpose Tea Fund Quy che phuc vu muc dich dac biet rpl F A, • Z • The gicn Uy ban nhan dan Unite States Dollar Do la My Viet Nam Tea Association Hiep hoi che Viet Nam Xay dung co ban World Green Tea Association World Trade Organisation Hiep hoi che the gioi To chuc Thucmg mai the gioi DANH MUC BANG BIEU, HINH VA HQP Danh muc bang z 35 Bang 1.1: Muc giam trg cap va bao ho Bang 2.1: Khdi luong va kim ngach xuat khau che 1994-2006 47 Bang 2.2: Cac chung loai che xuat khau nam 2006 49 Bang 2.3: Thi truong xuat khau chinh mat hang che Viet Nam nam 2006 51 Bang 2.4: Gia che xuat khau cua Viet Nam va the giai 52 Bang 2.5: Thuc hien xuat khau theo phuong thuc xuat khau 56 Bang 2.6: Tinh hinh su dung lao dong dua tren trinh chuyen mon 66 Bang 2.7: Tinh hinh san xuat kinh doanh cua Cong ty Dau tu Phat trien che Nghe An 67 _ z z z Bang 2.8: San luong che blip tuai cung cap cho nha may che bien 69 z z z z Bang 2.9: co cau che blip tuai cung cap cho nha may che bien 69 Bang 2.10: Gia san xuat mot tan che CTC nam 2007 72 Bang 2.11: Co cau mat hang che CTC pham: 73 Bang 2.12: Gia san xuat mot tan che xanh nam 2007 73 Z Bang 2.13: Co cau mat hang che xanh pham 74 Bang 2.14: Kim ngach xuat khau 76 Bang 2.15: Kim ngach xuat khau tai mot so thi truong chinh 78 Bang 2.16: San luong xuat khau cua Cong ty 79 Bang 2.17: Gia ban mot so loai che xuat khau 80 Bang 2.18: Lai nhuan cua Cong ty 81 Bang 3.1: Ve cung cap che the gidi theo thi truong 89 Bang 3.2: Nhu cau che the gidi theo thi trudng 91 Bang 3.3: Mot so chi tieu tir nam 2000 den 2010 95 £ Danh muc bieu Bieu 2.1: Co cau che xuat khau mot so nam cua Viet Nam 48 Bieu 2.2: Bieu ve trinh bac thg cua cong ty: 66 Bieu 3.1: Du bao xu hudng gia che (binh quan) tren thi truong the gioi 92 Danh muc hinh Hinh 1.1: Cac dieu kien quyet dinh loi the canh tranh 10 Danh muc hop Hop 2.1: Danh gia mat hang che xuat khau cua Viet Nam 55 Hop 3.1: Trien vong thi truong che the gioi 90 141 Chi tieu ngan sdeh (hodc phan thu ngan sdeh bj bd qua) cd lien quan ddn tich trtt vd dy trtt cdc sdn phdm Id myt phan cua chuong trinh an ninh luong thyc dd dugc xdc djnh lu$t phdp quoc gia Chi tidu dd cd the bao gom cd trg cap cua chinh phu cho vide dy trtt sdn pham cua tu nhan nhu Id mgt bg phan chuong trinh dd Khdi lugng tich trtt dy trtt phdi tuong ung vdi cdc chi tidu dd dinh trudc chi vi myc dich an ninh luong thyc Qud trinh tich trtt vd ly phdi rd rdng ve mdt tdi chinh Chinh phu mua luong thyc vdi gid thu mua Id gid thi trudng tai thdi diem thu mua, vd ly dy trtt an ninh luong thyc vdi gid khdng thdp hon gid thj trudng hidn hdnh doi vdi loai ndng sdn vd khoi lugng tuong ung Trg cdp luong thyc nudc6 Chi tidu ngan sdeh (hodc phan thu ngan sdeh dugc bd qua khdng thu) cd lien quan den vi§c trg cdp luong thyc nudc cho mgt bg phan ddn chung cd nhu cau Quyln dugc hudng trg cdp luong thyc phdi dugc xay dung vdi nhttng tieu chi rd rdng, cd lien quan ddn myc tidu dinh duttng Trg cdp phdi dugc cung cdp dudi dyng cung cdp thuc phdm tryc tiip cho ngudi cd nhu cdu hodc cung cap cdc phuong tiyn khdc de ngudi dugc hudng mua luong thyc vdi gid thi trudng hodc gid trg cap Chinh phu mua luong thyc vdi gid thj trudng hiyn hdnh, vd qud trinh chi tidu mua bdn vd qudn ly trg cap phdi minh bach Thanh todn tryc tiep cho ngudi sdn xuat Try cdp dugc cung cdp thong qua todn tryc tiep (hodc phan thu ngdn sdeh bi bd qua, kd cd todn bdng hiyn vyt) cho ngudi san xudt muon dugc hudng mien trtt cam ket cat giam phdi thoa mdn cdc tidu chi co bdn tai khodn tren day, cgng vdi cdc tidu chi cy the dp dyng cho tung loai todn tryc tiep dugc quy dinh tyi khoan den 13 dudi day Ndu mgt loyi todn tryc tiep mdi hodc hiyn hdnh, khdc vdi cdc loai ndu tai khoan den 13, cd yeu cau dugc mien trir cat gidm, loai chi tra dd phdi phu hgp vdi cdc tidu chi (b) ddn (e) tai khodn 6, cung vdi cdc tidu chi dinh tyi khodn Ho trg thu nhyp bdc tdch khdi sdn xuat (a) Quyen dugc hudng todn loyi ndy phdi dugc xay dyng vdi nhttng tieu chi rd rdng nhu muc thu nhyp, cho ngudi sdn xudt hay chu dat, mttc stt dyng tu liyu sdn xuit ho$c sdn lugng myt giai doan co sd co djnh da dugc xdc dinh (b) Tri gid todn mgt ndm cy the sd khdng lien quan den hodc dya tren loai hinh hay sdn lugng (ke ca so gia sue) nhd sdn xuat ddm nhiym bat ky ndm ndo sau giai doyn co sd (c) Tri gid todn myt ndm cy the sd khdng lien quan ddn hodc dya tren gid nudc hoac gid qudc td dp dyng cho sdn xudt bdt ky ndm ndo sau giai doyn co sd (d) Tri gid todn myt n3m cy the sd khdng lien quan ddn hodc dya tren nhttng nhan to sdn xudt duoc stt dyng bdt ky ndm ndo sau giai doan co sd (e) Khdng cd yeu cau ve sdn xuat de duyc nhyn todn loyi ndy Ddng gdp tdi chinh cua chinh phu cdc chuong trinh bdo hiem thu nhap vd mang ludi ddm bdo thu nhap (a) Quydn dugc hudng todn dugc xdc djnh bdng sy ton that thu nhap, dd chi tinh den thu nhap tir ndng nghidp, vugt qud 30% tong thu nhyp binh qudn hodc tuong duong tinh bdng thu nhdp rdng (loyi trir cdc khodn dd todn cung myt chuong trinh hodc theo cdc chuong trinh tuong ty) ndm trudc dd, hodc trung binh cua ndm ndm trudc dd, trir mttc thu nhyp cao nhat vd thdp nhdt Bdt ky ngudi sdn xuat ndo dat dieu kiyn ndi tren diu cd quyen duyc hudng todn (b) Tri g'a todn nhu the sS boi thudng thiyt hyi d mttc thap hon 70% ton that thu nhap bi mdt cua ngudi san xudt ndm ngudi sdn xuat bdt dau cd quyln duyc hudng loyi try giup nhu vay Vi muc (Tich cua khodn vd cua Phu luc ndy, vide cung cdp luong thuc v&i gid trg cdp nhdm ddp irng nhu cdu cua ngudi nghdo thdnh thj vd ndng thdn d cdc nude dang phdt tridn trdn co sd thudng xuydn vd vdi gid hgp ly sd dupe coi Id phu hgp vdi quy djnh tqi khodn ndy 142 (c) Tri gia bat cu cdc khodn todn ndo chi cd lien quan den thu nhap; khong lien quan den loai hinh ho^c sdn lugng (ke cd so gia suc) ngudi sdn xuat thgc hign; hodc lien quan den gid nudc hodc qudc te dp dung vdi sdn xuAt dd; hodc lien quan den den tu ligu sdn xuat dugc su dgng (d) Neu ngudi sdn xuat nhan dugc khodn todn cung ndm dd theo khodn ndy vd khodn (gidm nhe thiet hai thien tai gay ra), tong cdc todn dd phdi thap 100% tong muc thigt hai cua ngudi sdn xuat Thanh todn (trgc tidp hodc thgc hign bdng viec ddng gdp tdi chinh cua chinh phu cdc chuong trinh bdo hidm mua vu) bu ddp thiet hai thien tai gay (a) Quyen dugc hudng trg cdp bu ddp thiet hai chi thgc hign sau cd sg xdc nhan chinh thuc cua co quan cd thdm quyen cua chinh phu ld thien tai hodc tai hoa tuong tg (bao gom bgnh dich lan trdn, gay hai cua sau bgnh, thdm hoa hat nhan, vd chidn tranh trdn ldnh tho cua Thdnh vien lien quan) dd hodc dang xdy ra; vd dugc xdc dinh vdi muc thigt hai sdn xuat vugt qud 30% sdn lugng binh quan ndm trudc dd, hodc sdn lugng binh quan cua ndm ndm trudc dd, loai tru ndm cd muc cao nhat vd thap nhat (b) Thanh todn sau tai hoa xdy chi dugc dp dgng doi vdi nhttng thigt hai ve thu nhap, gia suc (kd cd todn cd lien quan den vigc dieu tri thu y), dat dai hodc cdc nhan to san xuat khdc, thien tai gdy (c) Khodn todn bOi thudng thigt hai d mttc khong vugt qud tOng chi phi bu ddp thigt hai, vd khong ddi hoi hodc cd quy dinh cy the ve loai hlnh hodc sdn lugng sdn xuat uong tuong lai (d) Thanh todn tai hoa xdy khong dugc vugt qud mttc cdn thiet nhdm trdnh hodc gidm nhe thigt hai tiep theo nhu dugc quy dinh tai (b) tren day (e) Neu cung mgt ndm ngudi sdn xuat dugc nhan todn theo khodn ndy vd khodn (bdo hiem thu nhap vd chuong trinh an todn thu nhap), tong mttc todn phdi thap hon 100% tOng thigt hai cua ngudi sdn xuat Trg cap didu chinh co ciu thong qua cdc chuong trinh ho trg vd huu cho ngudi sdn xuat (a) Quyen dugc hudng trg cap loai ndy phdi dugc xdc dinh dga tren nhttng tieu chi rd rdng nhttng chuong trinh nhdm tao dieu kign cho ngudi sdn xuat hdng nong sdn dd ve huu, hodc chuydn sang cdc hoat dong phi nong nghigp khdc (b) Dieu kign dd dugc nhan Ug cap ld ngudi sdn xuat da rdi bo hodn todn vd vinh vien khoi vigc sdn xuat hdng nong sdn 10 Trg cap dieu chinh co cAu thong qua cdc chuong trinh gidi phdng nguOn lgc (a) Quyln dugc hudng todn loai ndy dugc xdc dinh dga tren cdc tieu chi rd rdng cdc chuong trinh trg cap cho vigc chuyen dat dai vd cdc nguOn lgc sdn xuat khdc, ke cd vat nuoi, khdi sdn xuat nong nghigp thuong mai (b) Thanh todn dugc thgc hign vdi dieu kign dat chuyen khoi myc dich sdn xuat nong nghigp thuong mai it nhat ld ndm, vd trang trudng hgp vdt nuoi bi giet hodc ly vmh vien (c) Thanh todn khong yeu cdu hodc quy dinh cy the ve thay doi hlnh thttc su dyng dat dai hodc cdc nguOn lgc khdc lien quan den sdn xuat nong nghigp thuong mai (d) Thanh todn khong lien quan tdi hlnh thuc hodc so lugng sdn xuat, hodc tdi gid nudc hodc gid qudc te dp dung ddi vdi vigc stt dyng dat dai, hodc cdc nguOn lgc khdc sdn xuat 11 Ho trg dieu chinh co cau thong qua trg cap ddu tu (a) Quyen dugc hudng todn loai ndy phdi dugc xdc dinh bdng cdc tieu chi rd rdng cdc chuong trinh cua chinh phu nhdm hS trg vigc dieu chinh co cttu tdi chinh hodc co sd vat chat cua ngudi sdn xuat de gidi quyet nhttng bat lgi ve co cau dugc neu myc tieu chuong trinh (b) Mttc todn bat ky ndm ndo khdng lien quan den hodc dga tren loai hinh sdn xuat hodc khdi lugng (ke cd sd gia suc) dugc thgc hign Uong bat ky ndm ndo sau giai doan co sd, khdc vdi nhu quy dinh tai tieu chi (e) dudi day (c) Muc todn bat ky mgt ndm ndo khong lien quan den hodc tren co sd gid nudc hodc qudc te dp dyng cho bat ky loai hlnh sdn xuat dugc thgc hign bat ky ndm ndo sau giai doan co sd 143 (d) Chi todn khodn ho trg ndy thdi gian can thiet de thyc hijn dau tu (e) Viec todn khong bdt buQC hodc an dinh ndo ddi vdi ngudi sdn xuat san pham nong ng^i^jp, tru viec yeu cdu khong dugc sdn xuat mgt loai sdn phdm cy the (f) Thanh todn chi gidi han d muc can thiet de bu ddp bat lgi vd co cau 12 Thanh todn theo cdc chuong trinh moi trudng (a) Quyen dugc hudng todn loai ndy dugc xdc dinh nhu ld mgt phdn chuong trinh moi trudng hodc giG gin mdi trudng cua chinh phu, vd phy thugc vdo vijc hodn thdnh cdc didu kijn cy the cua chuong trinh, ke cd cdc dieu kijn lien quan ddn phuong phdp hodc dau vdo cua sdn xuat (b) Tri gid todn chi gidi han muc chi phi phy them hodc ton that thu nhap phdi thyc hijn cdc chuong trinh cua Chinh phu 13 Thanh todn cdc chuong trinh ho trg vung (a) Quydn dugc hudng todn chi gidi han cho nhGng ngudi sdn xuat d cdc vung bat lgi Moi vung nhu vay phdi dugc xdc dinh ld mgt khu vyc dia ly tidp gidp rd rdng, vdi ddc thu kinh te vd hdnh chinh xdc dinh dugc, dugc coi ld bit lgi tren co sd cdc tieu chi khdch quan rd rdng, dugc quy dinh cy the theo luat phdp hodc quy chd, vd chi dugc rdng khd khdn cua vung d6 khong chi ld trudng hgp tam thdi (b) Muc todn mgt ndm khdng lien quan ddn, hodc dya tren, loai hinh hodc khoi lugng sdn xuat (ke cd sd gia suc) dugc thyc hijn bat ky ndm ndo sau giai doyn co sd, khdc vdi vijc gidm sdn xuat dd (c) Lugng todn mgt ndm khong lien quan den, hodc dya tren, gid nudc hodc qudc td dp dyng cho sdn xuat dugc thyc hijn bat ky ndm ndo sau giai doan co sd (d) Thanh todn chi ddnh cho ngudi sdn xuat vung dugc hudng, vd n6i chung tat cd ngudi sdn xuat vung ddu dugc huong (e) Neu c6 lien quan den ngudi qudn ly sdn xuit, todn sS dugc thyc hijn vdi muc gidm tren muc ban ddu cua ngudi qudn ly lien quan (f) Thanh todn chi gidi han phdn chi phi them hodc thijt hai vd thu nhap thyc hijn sdn xuat nong nghijp khu vyc dd neu Phy lyc C Ho trg nudc: Cdch tinh lugng ho trg tinh ggp Tuy thugc vdo cdc quy djnh tai Dieu 6, Lugng ho trg tinh ggp (AMS) sS dugc tinh tren co sd mgt sdn phdm cy the doi vdi moi loai sdn phdm nong nghijp co bdn dugc nh£n ho trg gid thi trudng, cdc loai todn tryc tiep khong thugc dijn miein tru, hodc bat ky trg cap khdc khong thugc dijn mien tru cam ket cdt gidm ("cdc chinh sdch khong thugc dijn mien tru khdc") Cdc khodn ho trg khong cho sdn phdm cy thi sS dugc tinh vdo tOng sd tidn cua AMS khong cho sdn pham cy the Cdc loai trg cap tai khodn sS bao gdm cd chi tieu ngan sdch vd phan thu ngan sdch dugc bO qua khong thu chinh phu hodc cdc co quan chinh phu thyc hijn H§ trg dugc tinh bao gdm cd cap Nhd nudc vd dia phuong Cdc khodn thu thue vd phi nong nghijp chi tiet ddnh vdo ngudi sdn xuat sS dugc tru di tinh todn theo AMS AMS dugc tinh todn bdng cdch dudi ddy cho giai doyn co sd sS dugc coi ld muc co sd cho vijc thyc hijn cam ket cdt gidm ho frg nudc Doi vdi mdi sdn phdm nong nghijp co bdn, AMS chi tiet sS dugc tinh bdng tOng tri gid tidn AMS sS dugc tinh todn sdt nhat vdi diem bdn dau tien cua sdn phdm nong nghijp co bdn c6 lien quan Cdc bijn phdp tryc tiep doi vdi ngudi che bien nong sdn sS dugc tinh den vdi muc dg lgi ich md cdc bijn phdp dd mang lai cho ngudi sdn xuat sdn phdm nong nghijp co bdn 144 Hd trg gid thi truing: Ho trig gid thi trudng sS dugc tinh bdng chenh lech gitta gid tham khdo an dinh cua thi truong nudc ngodi vd gid qudn ly dp dyng, nhan vdi so lugng sdn pham dugc hudng gid qudn ly dp dyng dd Cdc khodn todn ttt ngdn sdch de tri chenh lech dd, nhu ld chi phi mua vdo hodc dy trtt, se khdng dugc tinh vdo AMS Gid tham khdo in dinh cua thi trudng nudc ngodi sS dugc xdc dinh tren ca sd cdc ndm 1986 din 1988 vd thdng thudng ld tri gid FOB binh quan cua sdn pham ndng nghiep ca bdn cd lien quan tyi nudc xuit khdu, vd ld tri gid CIF binh qudn cua sdn pham ndng nghiep ca bdn cd lien quan tyi nudc nhyp khau giai doan ca sd Gid tham khdo an dinh cd the dugc dieu chinh theo sy khdc vi chit lugng, ld cdn thiit 10 Cdc khoan todn tryc tiip khdng thugc dien mien trtt: cdc khoan todn tryc tiip khdng thugc dien mien trtt dya tren chenh lech gid sS dugc tinh todn hodc dya tren chenh lech gitta gid tham khdo an dinh vd gid qudn ly dp dyng nhdn vdi lugng sdn pham dugc hudng gid qudn ly, hodc bdng viec stt dyng chi tieu ngdn sdch 11 Gid tham khdo in dinh sS dya tren cdc ndm ttt 1986'din 1988, vd thdng thudng sS ld gid thyc ti dugc stt dyng di xdc dinh tri gid todn 12 Nhttng todn tryc tiip khdng dugc mien trtt dya tren cdc yiu td khdc ngodi gid se dugc tinh bdng viec stt dyng chi tieu ngdn sdch 13 Cdc bien phdp khdng thugc dien mien trtt khdc, ki cd trg cip dau vdo vd cdc bien phdp khdc, nhu ld cdc bien phdp gidm chi phi tiip thi: tri gid cua cdc bien phdp nhu vyy sS dugc tinh bdng viec stt dyng chi tieu ngdn sdch chinh phu, hodc, niu viec stt dyng chi tieu ngdn sdch khdng phdn dnh ddy du muc dg loai trg cip cd lien quan, ca sd cho tinh todn loai trg cip dd sS ld chenh lech gitta gid cua hdng hod hodc dich vy dugc trg cip vd gid thi trudng tieu biiu cua mgt loyi hdng hod hodc dich vy tuang ty nhdn vdi si lugng hdng hod hodc dich vy Phy lyc D Ho trg nudc: Tinh todn lugng ho trg tuang duang Tuy thugc vdo cdc quy dinh tai Dieu 6, lugng ho trg tuang duang sS dugc tinh todn doi vdi tit cd sdn phim ndng nghiep ca bdn dugc ho trg gid thi trudng nhu dinh nghia tyi Phy lyc nhung viec tinh todn phdn trg cip dd AMS khdng thyc hien ti Ddi vdi cdc sdn pham nhu vyy, mttc ca sd cho viec thyc hien cam kit cdt gidm ho trg nudc sS bao gdm thdnh phdn trg gid thi trudng tinh bdng lugng trg cip tuang duang theo khodn dudi ddy, vd mgi khodn todn tryc tiip khdng thugc dien miin trtt vd cdc loyi ho Ug khdng thugc dien miin trtt khdc, sS dugc ddnh gid theo quy dinh tyi khodn dudi ddy Ho trg dugc tinh bao gdm cd cip Nhd nudc vd dia phuang Lugng hi trg tuang duang dugc quy dinh tyi khodn tren ddy sS dugc tinh todn tren ca sd mgt sdn pham cy thi cho tit cd cdc sdn pham ndng nghiep ca bdn, sdt nhit vdi diim bdn ddu tien md sdn pham dd dugc nhan trg gid thi trudng, vd cdch tinh todn thdnh phdn ho trg gid thi trudng cua AMS khdng thyc ti Ddi vdi loyi sdn pham ndng nghiep ca bdn dd, ho trg gid thitrudng tuang duang sS dugc tinh todn bdng cdch stt dyng gid qudn ly dp dyng vd sd lugng sdn pham dugc hudng gid dd, hodc,niu diiu ndy khdng thyc ti thi stt dung khodn chi tieu ngdn sdch dung di tri gid cua ngudi sdn xuit Ddi vdi cdc sdn pham ndng nghiep ca bdn thugc dien khodn ld ddi tugng cua cdc khodn todn tryc tiip khdng thugc dien mien trtt hodc bit ky ttg cip cho sdn pham cy thi khdc khdng dugc mien trtt cam kit cdt gidm, ca sd tinh todn lugng ho trg tuang duang cua cdc bien phdp ndy sS ld cdc hgp phdn AMS tuang ung (quy dinh cy thi tyi khodn 10 din 13, Phy lyc 3) Lugng ho trg tuang duang sS dugc tinh todn tren ca sd lugng trg cip sdt nhit vdi diim bdn ddu tien cua sdn pham ndng nghiep ca bdn cd lien quan Cdc bien phdp tryc tiip cho ngudi che biin ndng sdn sS dugc tinh din vdi mUc dg lgi ich md cdc bien phdp dd mang lyi cho ngudi sdn xuit sdn pham ndng nghiep ca bdn Cdc khodn thu thui hodc phi chi tiit ddnh vdo ngudi sdn xuit sS dugc khiu trtt ttt lugng ho trg tuang duang bdng tri gid tuang Ung 145 Phy lyc E Doi xu ddc biyt theo khodn 2, dieu Muc A Cdc quy dinh tai khoan 2, Dieu sS khong duyc dp dyng ke tu ngdy Hiyp djnh WTO cd hiyu lyc ddi vdi bdt ky mdt sdn phdm nong nghiyp chu yeu ndo vd cdc sdn phdm duyc Idm vd/hodc duyc che bidn tu sdn phdm co bdn dd ("san phdm ddc dinh") ndu cdc didu kiyn sau ddy duyc tuan thu (sau ddy duyc gyi Id "doi xu ddc biyt"): (a) Luyng nhap khau cdc sdn phdm ddc dinh thap hon 3% muc tidu thy nudc tuong ung giai doan co so 1986-1988 ("giai doan co sd") (b) Cdc sdn phdm ddc dinh ndy chua duyc try cdp xudt khdu ke tu ddu giai doan co sd (c) Cdc biyn phdp han chd sdn xuat cd kdt qud duyc dp dyng doi vdi sdn phdm nong nghiyp chu yeu dd (d) Cdc sdn phdm ndy duyc ddnh dau bdng ky hiyu "ST-Annex 5" Myc I-B, Phdn I, Danh myc cua myt Thdnh vidn duyc dinh kdm vdi Nghi dinh thu Marrakesh, cd nghTa Id sdn phdm dd Id ddi tuyng ddi xu ddc biyt the hiyn yeu to phi thuong mai nhu an ninh luong thyc, bdo vy moi trudng; vd (e) Co hyi hep cdn thi trudng tdi thieu ddi vdi cdc sdn phdm ddc -dinh, nhu dd duyc ghi cy the tai Myc I-B, Phdn I, Danh myc cua Thdnh vidn cd lidn quan, ldn den 4% muc tidu thy nudc cua cdc sdn phdm ddc dinh dd giai doan co sd ke tu ddu giai doan thyc hiyn ndm, vd tdng 0,8% moi ndm cdc ndm cdn lai cua giai doyn thyc hiyn so vdi muc tidu thy nudc tuong ung giai doan co sd dd Vdo dau bdt ky ndm ndo giai doan thyc hiyn, moi Thdnh vidn ddu cd the ngung dp dyng biyn phdp ddi xu ddc biyt ddi vdi cdc sdn phdm ddc dinh bdng cdch thyc hiyn cdc quy dinh tai khodn Trong trudng hyp dd, Thdnh vidn cd lidn quan sd tri co hyi tiep can thj trudng tdi thieu cd hiyu lyc tai thdi diem dd, vd tdng co hyi tiep can thi trudng tdi thieu bdng 0,4% so vdi muc tidu thy nudc tuong ung giai doan co sd cho phdn cdn lai cua giai doan thyc hiyn Sau dd, mux co hyi tiep can thi trudng tdi thieu duyc tinh bdng cong thuc ndy tai ndm cudi cua giai doan thyc hiyn sd duyc gift nguydn Danh myc cua Thdnh vidn tuong ung Viyc ddm phdn cd tiep tyc ddi xu ddc biyt nhu quy dinh tai khodn hay khong sau giai doan thyc hiyn ket thuc cdn phdi duyc hodn thdnh thdi gian giai doan thyc hiyn, vd duyc xem nhu ld myt by phdn cua cdc cuyc ddm phdn nhu quy dinh tai Dieu 20 cua Hiyp dinh ndy, cd tinh den cdc yeu td phi thuong mai Neu ddm phdn nhu dan chieu tai khodn dat duyc thod thudn, myt Thdnh vidn cd the tiep tyc dp dyng doi xu ddc biyt, thi Thdnh vien dd sd phdi ddnh nhftng nhan nhuyng bo xung cd the chdp nhan duyc nhu dd duyc xdc dinh tai cuyc ddm phdn dd Neu ddi xu ddc biyt khong duyc Hep tyc vdo cudi giai doan thyc hiyn, Thdnh vidn cd lidn quan sd thyc hiyn theo quy dinh tai khodn Trong trudng hyp dd, sau giai doan thyc hiyn ket thuc, co hyi tiep can thi trudng tdi thieu ddi vdi cdc sdn phdm ddc dinh sd duyc tri Danh myc cua Thdnh vidn cd lidn quan d muc 8% muc tidu thy uong nudc tuong ung giai doan co sd Cdc biyn phdp cua khdu khdc vdi thue quan thong thudng duyc tri ddi vdi cdc sdn phdm ddc dinh sd ld ddi tuyng cua cdc quy dinh tai khodn 2, Didu cd hiyu lyc tu ddu ndm md ddi xu ddc biyt ngung dp dyng Cdc sdn phdm dd sd ld ddi tuyng chju thue quan thong thudng, cdc muc thue quan ndy sd duyc rdng buyc Danh myc cua Thdnh vidn cd lidn quan vd duyc dp dyng tu ddu ndm md ddi xu ddc biyt ngung dp dyng, vd sau dd muc thue duyc dp dyng phdi cdt gidm it nhdt 15% moi ndm giai doan thyc hiyn vdi cdc phdn tuong ung hdng ndm Cdc khodn thue quan ndy sd duyc xay dyng trdn co sd thue quan tuong duong phu hyp vdi hudng dan dinh kdm theo Hiyp dinh ndy 146 Muc B Cac quy dinh tai khoan 2, Dieu cung sS khong dp dyng ke tu ngdy Hiyp dinh WTO cd hiyu lyc doi vdi mpt san pham nong nghiyp chu yeu id sdn pham chu yeu chidm uu thd btta dn truyen thong cua cdc nudc Thdnh vien dang phdt trien vd vdi cdc dieu kiyn sau day, cung vdi cdc dieu kiyn dugc quy dinh tyi cdc khodn 1(a) ddn 1(d) dp dyng ddi vdi cdc sdn phdm cd lien quan phu hgp vdi: (a) Co hoi tidp can thi trudng toi thieu ddi vdi cdc sdn pham cd lien quan, nhu dugc ghi cy thd tyi Myc I-B, Phan I Danh myc cua nudc Thdnh vien dang phdt trien cd lien quan, tuong ung vdi 1% mdc tieu thy nudc cua sdn pham cd lien quan giai doan co sd ke tu ndm thyc hiyn ddu tien cua giai doan dd, vd tdng ddu cdc phdn tuong ung hdng ndm tdi 2% muc tieu thy nudc giai doan co sd vdo ddu ndm thu cua giai doyn thyc hiyn Ke tu ddu ndm thu cua giai doan thyc hiyn, muc tidp cdn thi trudng toi thidu ddi vdi cdc sdn phim cd lien quan bdng 2% muc tieu thy nudc tuong dng giai doan co sd vd tdng deu cdc phdn tuong ung hdng ndm den 4%.muc tieu thy nudc giai doan co sd cho tdi ddu ndm thu 10 Sau dd, muc tidp cdn thi trudng tdi thieu tinh theo phuong thuc ndy vdng 10 ndm sS dugc tri tong Danh myc cua nudc Thdnh vien dang phdt then cd lien quan b)Cdc sdn pham khdc cung dugc hudng co hgi tidp can thi trudng tuong ung theo Hiyp dinh ndy Mgi ddm phdn ve viyc cd the t^dp tyc ddi xu ddc biyt nhu quy dinh tai khodn hay khong sau cuoi ndm thu 10 ke tu ddu giai doan thyc hiyn cdn phdi dugc tidn hdnh vd hodn thdnh vdng ndm thu 10 ke tu ddu giai doan thyc hiyn Ndu kdt qua ddm phdn dat dugc nhu d khodn thi Thdnh vien dd cd the t^dp tyc dp dyng ddi xu ddc biyt vd sS ddnh nhung nhan nhugng bo sung vd cd the chap nhyn dugc nhu dd dugc xdc dinh tai cugc ddm phdn dd 10 Trong tiudng hgp ddi xu ddc biyt theo khodn khong dugc tidp tyc sau ndm thu 10 ke tu ddu giai doan thyc hiyn, cdc sdn pham cd lien quan sS Id ddi tugng chju thud quan thong thudng, thud quan ndy dugc xay dyng tren co sd thud quan tuong duong dugc tinh theo hudng din mieu td tai phy lyc dinh kdm Hiyp dinh ndy, vd cdc loai thud quan ndy sS dugc rdng bupc Danh myc cua Thdnh vien cd lien quan Trong cdc trudng hgp khdc, cdc quy dinh tai khodn sS dugc dp dyng, cd dieu chinh theo ddi xu ddc biyt vd khdc biyt tuong ung ddnh cho cdc Thdnh vien dang phdt trien theo Hiyp dinh ndy Dinh kem Phu lyc Hudng dan cach tinh thue quan tuong duong vdi muc dich cu the quy dfnh tyi khoan va 10 cua Phu luc Viyc tinh todn muc thud tuong duong, du ld thud suat theo tri gid hay ld muc cy the, dugc tidn hdnh dya tren muc chenh lych thyc td gitta gid nudc vd gid nudc ngodi bdng mpt phuong thuc rd rdng, so lieu su dyng sS ld sd l^eu cua cdc ndm tu 1986 ddn 1988 Thud quan tuong duong: (a) chu ydu dugc xay dyng d muc sd HS; (b) dugc xdy dyng d muc sd hodc chi tidt hon theo HS d nhttng noi phu hgp; (c) Thong thudng dugc xay dyng cho cdc sdn pham ldm tu vd/hojc chd bidn th sdn pham nong nghiyp chu ydu bdng cdch nhan muc thud tuong duong cy the cua sdn pham ndng nghiyp chu ydu dy vdi ty ly dugc tinh bdng gid tri hodc khdi lugng tuong ung cua sdn pham nong nghiyp chu ydu sdn pham ldm tu vd/hodc chd bidn, vd cd tinh ddn nhttng ydu td b0 xung hiyn hdnh dang bdo hg cho ngdnh cong nghiyp dd, ndu cdn thidt Gid nudc ngodi thong thudng ld binh quan gid CIF thyc td cho tri gid don vj hdng hod tai nudc nhap khau Ndu khong sdn cd binh qudn gid CIF cho trj gid don vj hodc gid dd khong phu hgp thi gid nudc ngodi sS ld: (a) Binh quan gid CIF cho tri gid don vj cua nudc gdn dd, hodc (b) Udc tinh binh quan tri gid FOB don vj cua nudc xudt khau chu ydu tuong ung, dugc dieu chinh bdng cdch cgng them udc tinh chi phi bdo hiem, vdn tdi vd cdc chi phi khdc cd lien quan doi vdi nudc nhap khau 147 Gid nude ngodi thong thudng sS dupe quy doi sang dong npi bdng ty gid chuyen ddi binh qudn theo thi trudng hdng ndm tai thdi diem thu thap sd lipu gid cd Gid npi nude thong thudng ld gid bdn buOn dai dipn chu dao Uen thj trudng nude, hodc ude tinh cua gid dd neu khong cd day du so lipu phu hpp Khi cdn thiet, muc thue tuang duung ban dag ca the dude hipu chinh udng mQt hp so thich hop nhdm tinh den sy khde vd chdt lupng hodc ehung loai Neu muc thud tunng dunng tinh theo hudng dan ndy ld sd O hodc thap hnn muc rdng bupe hipn hdnh, muc thut tunng dunng ban ddu cd the dupe xdy dung d muc thut rdng bupe hipn hdnh hodc tren en sd muc bdn ehdo ddi qudc gia vdi san pham dd Ndu cd su didu chiidi muc thud tuang duung b an ndg bhu audnc dhn tren dan, Tndah vidh c^l< >1».11 Eipton I - lOO%[Katural lea