Thu hút đầu tư trực tiếp từ nhật bản vào ngành công nghiệp hải phòng

/ r • \ TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN *&* DAO THANH TRUNG hoc k.t.q.d it thong tin thij'vien £>ai PHOXGLCAXAV-TCLIEI : -— THU HUT DAU TIT TRU“C TIEP Tl NHAT BAN • • VAO NGANH CONG NGHIEP HAI PHONG CHUYEN NGANH: KINH TE QUOC TE LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE • • NGUO’l HUONG DAN KHOA HOC: PGS TS NGO THI TUYET MAI HA NOI, NAM 2015 L J LOI CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan toan bo luan van la cong trinh nghien cun doc lap cua rieng toi Cac so lieu, trich dan dirge neu luan van co nguon goc ro rang, ket qua cua luan van la trung thuc TAC GIA LUAN VAN Dao Thanh Trung LOI CAM ON Trong suot qua trinh hoc tap va hoan luan van tac gia luan van da nhan duoc su huong dan giup quy bau cua cac thay co; cac anh chi em va cac ban Voi long kinh va biet on sau sac tac gia xin duoc bay to loi cam on chan toi: Ban Giam hieu Vien Dao tao Sau dai hoc Vien Thuong mai va Kinh te quoc te cac thay co giang day tai Truong Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan da tao moi dieu kien thuan loi giup truyen thu nhung kien thuc quy bau cho tac gia suot qua trinh hoc tap va hoan luan van Pho Giao su Tien si Ngo Thi Tuyet Mai da danh nhieu thoi gian nhiet tinh huong dan nghien cuu va giup de tac gia hoan luan van Ha Noi, thang 11 nam 2015 Hoc vien Dao Thanh Trung YEU CAU CUA HOI DONG CHAM LUAN VAN THAC SI VE y Nhung diem can sua chua bo sung trudc nop luan van chinh thuc cho Vien dao tao SDH Chu tich Hoi dong (Ky va ghi rd ho ten) Cam ket cua Hoc vien7 .b/Ch PUlV GS.TS Do Due Binh Hoc vien Dao Thanh Trung Neu hoc vien co trach nhiem chinh sua theo yen cau cua Hoi dong cham luan vSn Trong truong hop khong chinh sua se khong duoc cong nhan ket qua bao ve Hoc vien phai dong ban yeu cau chinh sua vao trudc phan muc luc luan van chinh thuc nop cho Vien DT SDH NHAN XET LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE • • • De tai: “Thu hut dau tu' true tiep tir Nhat Ban vao nganh cong nghiep Hai Phong” Hoc vien: Dao Thanh Trung Chuyen nganh: Kinh te qudc te Ngu'd'i nhan xet: TS Nguyen Thi Thuy Hdng (Phan bien 1) Trud'ng Dai hoc Kinh te qudc dan Qua doc toan bo luan van toi co mot so nhan xet sau day: Tinh cap thiet va y nghia khoa hoc ciia de tai luan van Nhat Ban la doi tac kinhh te chien luge cua Viet Nam nhieu nam qua Thu hut dau tu true tiep tir Nhat Ban vao phat trien cong nghiep la mot chu tnrong Ion va nhat quan cua Dang va Nha nude ta boi canh hoi nhap kinh te qudc te hien Hai phong la mot Thanh Ion co vi tri chien luge tarn giac phat trien kinh te phia bac; co loi the ve dieu kien tu nhien ciing vdi ket can tang kinh te tuong doi dong bo nhu cang hang khong, cang bien va he thong giao thong dudng bo, dudng sat Boi vay thu hut dau tu true tiep tir Nhat Ban vao phat trien cong nghiep cua Hai Phong cd y nglua dac biet quan Chinh vi vay, viec hoc vien Dao Thanh Trung lira chon de tai: “Thu hut dau tu true tiep tir Nhat Ban vao nganh cong nghiep Hai Phong" lam de tai Luan van lhac si la co y nghia thiet thuc ca ve ly luan thuc tien va cd tinh thdi sir cap thiet Nhan xet ve su trung lap ciia de tai va tin cay cua phuong phap nghien cuu: Da cd nhieu de tai nghien cuu ve thu hut dau tu true tiep tir Nhat Ban vao Hai Phong, song nghien cuu ve thu hilt dau tu true tiep tir Nhat Ban vao nganh cong nghiep - ten de tai, so lieu va ket qua nghien cuu khong triing lap vdi cac cong trinh khoa hoc da cong bo ma toi da tirng biet Noi dung de tai phii hop vdi ten de tai va phii hop vdi chuyen nganh Kinh te qudc te Luan van sir dung phuong phap nghien cuu truyen thong, thu thap cac thong tin thir cap tien hanh tong hop so sank phan tich danh gia de giai quyet van de la dam bao tinh khoa hoc va tin cay Trong luan van phan trich dan rd rang, day dii dam bao tinh trung thirc va chuan mire ciia mot luan van Thac si Kinh te, dieu da gop phan the hien cho ngudi doc co tin cay cao ve nhirng gia tri va dong gop moi cua luan van ciing nhu tinh doc lap cua mot cong trinh khoa hoc dirge nghien cuu Nhung ini diem va cong chu yeu cua luan van: Thu nhat: he thong hoa dupe kha rd net mot so van de ly luan co' ban ve thu hut dau tu true tiep nunc ngoai vao mot dia phuong Cu the luan van da cln dac diem, tarn quan trong, xu hirdng dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao nganh cong nghiep treenn the gidi Dong thoi luan van da phan tich cac nhan to ben va ben ngoai dia phuong cd anh hirdng den thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao nganh cong nghiep cua mot dia phuong Luan van da chi dupe nhung noi dung thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao nganh cong nghiep cua mot dia phuong Vdi nhung bai hoc kinh nghiem tong ket dupe rut tir tinh Bae Ninh va Binh Duong - Day la hai tinh co nhieu cong thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao cac khu cong nghiep tac gia da gpi md mot so bai hoc hiru ich co the ap dung cho Hai Phong thu hut dau tu true tiep vao nganh cong nghiep thoi gian tdi Thu hai: Vdi nhirng tu lieu, so lieu kha phong phu, dupe cap nhat va tin cay luan van da phan tich cac nhan to anh hirdng chu yeu den thu hut dau tu true tiep cua Nhat Ban vao nganh cong nghiep Hai Phong Tren co so do, luan van da di sau phan tich va danh gia toan dien thuc trang thu hut dau tu true tiep cua Nhat Ban vao nganh cong nghiep Hai Phong thoi gian qua - Day la tien de co so de xuat cho he thong cac giai phap chuong cua luan van Thu ba, tren co so nghien cuu nhirng dinh hirdng phat trien nganh cong nghiep va dinh hudng thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao Hai Phong, luan van da de xuat nhom giai phap vdi kien nghi nham tang cirdng thu hut dau tu true tiep tir Nhat Ban vao nganh cong nghiep Hai Phong thoi gian tdi Cac giai phap, kien nghi dua luan van la kha dong bo mot so giai phap theo tdi la co quan diem moi va cd gia tri dot pha nhu giai phap "Nang cao hieu qua xue tien dau tu tir Nhat Ban" - bang each chu dong tiep can cac tap doan kinh te Ion cua Nhat Ban de thu hut dau tu true tiep Ve ket cau cua luan van: Luan van cd ket cau truyen thong vdi chuong ciing cac muc, tieu muc dirge trinh bay nhin chung la phii hop, dam bao kha can doi Noi dung nghien cuu duoc trinh bay cd tinh logic, cac chuong, muc kha can doi va bam sat dirge doi tirgng va pham vi nghien cuu cua de tai luan van Van phong, cac chuang muc bang bieu, hinh ve each trich dan tai lieu tham khao dupe trinh bay luan van la ro rang, de hieu va theo dung qui dinh Mot so trao doi them Luan van se co gia tri cao han neu khac phuc duoc mot so han che sau: • Bai viet se co chat lupng tot hon neu tac gia phan tich nhung yeu cau dat cua Nhat Ban dau tir true tiep nude ngoai va giai phap thu hut FDI co ban sac rieng vdi doi tac Nhat Ban • Can bo sung va lam rd han van de canh tranh vdi doanh nghiep nude trang 57 lieu muc b 2.4.2.1 Nhung han che va ton tai • Bo sung chuang nhung yeu cau cua Nhat Ban dau tir true tiep nude ngoai • Can cap nhat nhung thong tin thuc lien, VE) trang 47 54 ve van de dudng cao toe Ha Noi - Hai Phong da thong xe 5.12.2015 chu khong la du kien ntia • Can khac phuc loi chinh ta (TSO, Ten chuang - T62, ); Ten chuang 2: bo hai tu "nude ngoai” - vi de Nhat Ban da the hien du noi dung) Ket luan: Luan van la mot cong trinh khoa hoc doc lap, nghiem tuc, khong trung lap vdi cac cong trinh, luan van da cong bo, co gia tri ve ly luan va thuc tien Luan van da dap ung du nhung yeu can ve noi dung va hinh thuc cua mot luan van Thac si kinh te Tac gia du dieu kien nhan hoc vi Thac sT Kinh te quoc te neu bao ve cong trade Hoi dong Hci Noi, 29 dicing 12 nam 2015 NGU’O’I NHAN XET TS Nguyen Thi Thuy Hong Truong Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan CONG HOA XA HOI HOI NGHIA VIET NAM Doc lap - Tu - Hanh phuc *** _ NHAN XET LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • • r _ •x \ r De tai: Thu hut von dau tir true tiep tir Nhat ban vao nganh cong nghiep Hai phong Chuyen nganh: Kinh te - quoc te Cua hoc vien: Dao Thanh Trung Ngudi nhan xet: TS Hoang Thi Minh Chau r r w a Tinh cap thiet, thoi sir, y nghia khoa hoc va thuc tien cua de tai luan van: Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cang dong vai tro quan doi vdi kinh t£ xa hoi Viet nam No khong chi gop phan khoi day dau tu nude ma edn giup kinh td Viet nam hoi nhap sau rong vdi nen kinh te the gidi Trong bdi canh tich luy khong dap ung nhu cau ve dau tu, nguon von FDI thuc su la nguon von bo sung quan cho dau tu phat trien Ben canh no gop phan dang ke vao thu NSNN va chuydn dich co cau kinh te cung nhu nang cao nang luc san xuat cong nghiep, tao viec lam, tang ' 9 nang suat lao dong, doi moi va chuyen giao cong nghe Tuy nhien hien hoat dong thu hut von dau tu cung nhu quan ly cac doanh nghiep FDI d mot s6 dia phuong mot so bat cap nhu: dau tu cong nghe tien tien it, co cau dau tu chua can d6i Trong dieu kien viec tac gia lua chon de tai: “Thu hut von dau tir true tiep tir Nhat ban vao nganh cong nghiep Hai phong” la can thiet, co y nghia ca vT ly luan va thuc tien Su phu hop voi noi dung, tinh khong trung lap cua de tai luan van - Ten de tai va noi dung nghien cuu phu hop voi yeu cau va muc tieu nghien cuu cua luan van thac sy chuyen nganh: Kinh te quoc te " - Cach tiep can van de nghien cuu, gidi han pham vi nghien cuu va ket qua nghien cuu cua tac gia cho thay luan van khong hoan toan trung lap voi cac cong trinh 73 diem thu hut Tren thuc te viec xay dung quy hoach dau tu tai Hai Phdng cap thiet nhung khong phai la qua kho khan, cac yeu to co ban nhu quy che dinh huong each thuc de xay dung quy hoach da duoc ban hanh hoac co san Sau da co quy hoach can tiep tuc nghien cuu ky dac trung dac diem cua tung nganh tung ddi tac tiem nang de de xuat xay dung cac uu dai dau tu cho phu hop Ngoai cac chinh sach uu dai can dupe theo ddi giant sat thudng xuyen de cd nhung sua ddi bo sung hoac thay the cho phu hop vdi dieu kien thuc te 3.3.3 Day manh cai each hanh chinh hoat dong quan ly dau tir Ke tu ap dung co che “mot cua lien thong”, hoat dong cap phep dau tu d Hai Phdng da cd nhieu cai thien tich cue nhien co che van can phai dupe sua ddi hoan thien cho phu hop vdi thuc te Hien nay, hai cdng viec quan nhat cdng tac quan ly FDI la cap phep dau tu va xuc tien dau tu deu dupe ca hai co quan la Sd Ke hoach va Dau tu va Ban quan Khu kinh te Hai Phong Tuy da cd phan cap kha rd rang nhung ve lau dai phd van nen tach bach hai cdng viec tap trung thong nhat toan bo cdng tac quan ly cap phep cho Sd Ke hoach va Dau tu dong thdi cdng tac quan ly xuc tien dau tu dupe giao han cho Ban quan ly Khu kinh te Hai Phdng Dong thdi, UBND va Sd Ke hoach va Dau tu can chu vao cdng tac hudng dan kiem tra giam sat viec thuc hien chinh sach FDI d cac dia ban dac biet la nhung noi cd cac cum khu cdng nghiep; dao tao va boi dudng can bo quan ly hoat dong FDI Ngoai phd cung nen tiep tuc day manh viec ung dung cdng nghe thong tin vao cdng tac quan ly hanh chinh noi chung va thu tuc tham dinh cac du an dau tu noi rieng nham nang cao hieu qua dieu hanh hoat dong dau tu nude ngoai Hien nay, cac co quan quan ly Nha nude cua phd deu cd website rieng, cd lien ket den cdng thong tin true tuyen cua phd nhung thong tin cua nhieu trang chua cap nhap Cai each thu tuc hanh chinh lien quan den hoat dong FDI mot each dong bo cung la mot bien phap tich cue nham cai thien mdi trudng dau tu tang cudng thu 74 hut FDI vao De thuc hien tot hon nua cong tac cai each thu tuc hanh chinh thdi gian tdi can thuc hien mot so cong viec cu the nhu sau: - Tang cudng cac bien phap giam sat tir noi bo co quan hanh chinh; lanh dao Thanh va cac cap quan tarn chi dao kiem tra thudng xuyen la dieu kien quyet dinh; cac co quan tham muu ve cai each thu tuc hanh chinh phai chuan bi chu dao; cong tac tuyen truyen phai dupe quan tarn Muon dat dupe hieu qua cao viec ket qua mot each doc lap, chuyen trach hoac co co quan giam sat chat che (vi du nhu ISO hanh chinh) Gan cai each hanh chinh vdi thuc hien co che dan chu d co sd va edng tac to chtrc can bp Tao dieu kien de cac to chtrc va edng nhan thuc hien giam sat hoat dong ciia co quan hanh chinh nha nude thdng qua viec thu gop y, tham du luan de danh gia khach quan - Tang cudng quan ly va ho tro cac doanh nghiep FDI sau cap giay phep hoat dong, nang cao hieu luc hieu qua va chu dong cong tac phoi hop giua cac ban nganh chtrc nang cua doi vdi viec ho tro giai quyet khd khan, vudng mac cua cac doanh nghiep FDI - Tiep tuc day nhanh cac cai each thu tuc hanh chinh linh vuc dau tu dac biet la hoat dong xet duyet du an dau tu de cd the giam thdi gian cho dpi cap phep cho cac nha dau tu tren dia ban r a 3.3.4 Hoan thien he thdng co' so' tdng Trudc mat, nam 2015 va 2016 Hai Phdng se co mot loat cac cong trinh diem dupe dua vao khai thac va str dung, nhien viec hoan thien co sd tang van se la mot giai phap can thiet va lau dai de tiep tuc thu hut FDI tir Nhat Ban noi rieng va cac qudc gia khac noi chung Ngoai viec can tiep tuc dau tu nang cap md rong va hoan thien co sd tang giao thdng, ky thuat de phuc vu cho hoat dong thu hut dau tu nude ngoai; UBND va cac sd ban nganh dau tu quan tarn hon den viec xay dung mot sd cong trinh phuc vu cac nhu cau co ban cua nha dau tu nude ngoai tai dia phuong nhu: can ho, khu vui choi giai tri co sd kham chua benh hoc tap cho ngudi nude ngoai 75 Sau day la mot so giai phap ma cac cap chinh quyen co the ap dung de bien co sd tang cua trd nen hap dan mat cac nha dau tu nude ngoai: - Thuc hien chuong trinh uu tien dau tu ket cau tang ben ngoai hang rao cdng nghiep, trudc het vung kinh te diem phia Nam pho, tao dieu kien cho nha dau tu de dang giao luu hang hoa vdi cac vung lan can nhu Ha Noi, Quang Ninh Hai Duong - Day nhanh tien cac md rong khu cdng nghiep khu che xuat cua phd Hien d Hai Phong, cac cum khu cdng nghiep thuc su la noi thu hut nguon von FDI quan cho chien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua phd.Viec phat trien cac khu cum cdng nghiep cd co sd tang ky thuat hoan chinh tren dia ban phd mot each hop ly, co tinh den qua trinh thi hoa, chuyen dich co cau kinh te vung, dieu kien tu nhien gop phan quan thuc day va tao dung hoat dong dau tu, kinh doanh cd hieu qua cung nhu giai quyet mot phan nhung yeu kern va thieu dong bo ve co sd tang tren dia ban phd dac biet la co sd tang ki thuat cdng nghiep Hoat dong cua cac khu cdng nghiep khu che xuat tao dieu kien thuan loi ve co sd tang cho cac nganh cdng nghiep dich vu phat trien gop phan thu hut von dau tu nude ngoai thuc hien gop phan thuc hien chien luge kinh te xa hoi cua phd Dong thdi viec xay dung ket cau co sd tang phuc vu ngoai khu cdng nghiep cung can dugc quan tam va khuyen khich tap trung cu the vao cac du an dau tu xay dung nha d khu vui choi giai tri, trudng hgc benh vien, dap ung tieu chuan, nhu cau cua ngudi nude ngoai theo hudng cang hien dai va tien ich cao - Cung vdi viec xay dung va hoan thien co sd tang, viec tang cudng hieu qua hoat dong cua cac khu cdng nghiep, khu che xuat hien cd cua Hai Phdng cung la vo cung can thiet thdi gian tdi, cac giai phap can dugc thuc hien la: - Can phai coi trgng khong dugc bo qua quy trinh tham dinh danh gia tinh kha thi cua du an cac doanh nghiep xin thue dat tai khu cdng nghiep Tranh tinh trang nha nude dau tu von xay dung co sd tang va den bu giai phdng mat bang rat ton kem nhung sau viec xem xet cap dat cho cac du an de dai, tien, chua 76 dung doi tuong de xay nhung hau qua dang tiec neu nha dau tu va du an dau tir khong co chat luong cao - Sau quy hoach cum cong nghiep duoc phe duyet can sdm thuc hien viec cong bo cong khai ve quy hoach sir dung dat, tieu chuan, doi tuong doanh nghiep nganh nghe san xuat kinh doanh co che chinh sach uu dai duoc ap dung cho cac cum cong nghiep - Can mot co che ho tro, tac dong tir phia d mot muc nhat dinh de tao da va thu hut cac nguon von khac cung tham gia xay dung tang ky thuat cac khu, cum cong nghiep Cac bien phap ho tro co the ke den la ho tro kinh phi chuan bi dau tu cua du an xay dung co so tang cac khu cong nghiep: chi phi lap du an chi phi lap ho so giao dat chi phi hanh chinh cho cong tac den bu giai phong mat bang (day la van de dang gay nhieu kho khan, tro ngai cho viec quy hoach phat trien cac khu cong nghiep dia ban hien nay) Ngoai ra, can xay dung cac co so tang su dung chung cac khu edng nghiep khu che xuat bao gom: true dudng giao thong su dung chung he thong thoat nude, tram xu ly nude thai trung tam hao ky thuat de lap dat dudng cap nude, dien dien thoai ; he thong cay xanh tuong rao bao quanh khu cum cong nghiep Lira chon va quyet dinh ban quan ly du an, cac dem vi co du nang lire de tham gia xay dung co sd tang khu cong nghiep de quan ly viec dau tu xay dung cac cong trinh tang ky thuat theo quy che quan ly dau tu va xay dung hien hanh - Xay dung them cac tuyen giao thong, tao vanh dai noi lien cac vung cac khu kinh te Dinh Vu - Cat Hai vdi cac khu cong nghiep Nomura Do Son VTnh Niem De thuc hien tot cac giai phap nay, phd cang can phai sdm co cac quy hoach da de cap d phan tren, ngoai boi canh ngan sach nha nude han hep hien nay, kinh phi thuc hien viec hoan thien co sd tang cung la mot bai toan dau dau ddi vdi cac cap quan ly Thanh phd can phan bo hop ly ngan sach va huy dong tdi da nguon lire tu khu vuc ca nhan va nude ngoai de phuc vu qua trinh xay dung va phat trien 77 r r 3.3.5 Nang cao chat luong lao dong tren dia ban Vdi thurc te la chat luong va so luong lao dong lanh nghe tai Hai Phdng la khong cao se rat kho de dat duoc muc tieu thu hut ddng von vao cac nganh cd cong nghe hien dai neu nhu thieu cac giai phap nang cao chat luong lao dong tren dia ban Viec dao tao nguon nhan lyc d Hai Phdng hien vua cd y nglna cap bach trudc mat vua cd y nghTa chien lupc lau dai Trong nhung nam qua Hai Phdng da quan tarn tdi viec xay dung nguon nhan luc phuc vu cho nhu cau phat trien kinh te, xa hoi cua dia phuong, nhung chat luong nguon nhan luc dac biet la nhung lao dong lam viec cac doanh nghiep FDI va mot bo phan can bo quan ly hoat dong khu vuc van chua dap ung duoc nhu cau ma thuc te dat Trong thdi gian tdi can chu cong tac dinh hudng nghe nghiep tir cap bac trung hoc co sd; tang cudng cac co sd chuong trinh dao tao cong nhan ky thuat, cong nhan cd tay nghe cao, cd kha nang tiep thu cong nghe tien tien mat khac cung can dao tao can bo quan ly de cd the dap ung duoc nhu cau cua nha dau tu nude ngoai ddng thdi du nang lire de bao ve quyen loi cua ben Viet Nam doanh nghiep lien doanh Cung vdi la bien cac chuong trinh dao tao ngoai ngu tieng Nhat, cac khoa hoc ky nang mem va cac khoa hoc ve van hoa cua Nhat Ban De lam duoc nhung dieu can phai dau tu thich dang va cd cai each triet de he thdng giao due dao tao Can doi mdi phuong phap dao tao theo tieu chuan the gidi lien ket vdi cac co sd giao due - dao tao tai Nhat Ban va tai cac qudc gia cd nen giao due phat trien khac Can cd ke hoach thudng xuyen dua can bo bo may quan ly Nha nude di dao tao, boi dudng de cd duoc mot doi ngu can bo thuc su cd du pham chat va nang lire Cd bien phap tich cue phdng chong tham nhung bo may quan ly Ben canh can quy hoach dao tao tai cho nguon nhan lire phuc vu cho nhu cau phat trien cac nganh nghe ma phia Nhat Ban nhu cau ldn nhu lap rap dien tu, co khi, san xuat vat lieu xay dung Khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep tir tuyen dung, dao tao nguon nhan lyc theo tieu chuan nganh nghe rieng cua doanh nghiep minh 78 Hien nay, da co mot so doanh nghiep FDI tren dia ban Hai Phdng tuyen dung theo hinh thuc ho tuyen dung ca nhung lao dong khong co chuyen mon ky thuat sau dao tao ho de co tay nghe du kha nang lam viec doanh nghiep Ngoai Hai Phdng cd the hoc tap Binh Duong - mot nhung tinh dan dau thu hut FDI cua ca nude chinh sach " trai tham do" thu hut nhan tai khuyen khich lao dong cd tay nghe phu hop vdi nganh nghe dang phat trien cua Hai Phdng vao lam viec tai cac doanh nghiep cd von FDI tren dia ban phd Trong sd cac giai phap tren viec cur can bo ngudi lao dong di hoc tap, tu nghiep va trai tham thu hut nhan tai la nhung giai phap mang tinh tuc thdi, cd hieu qua tuc thi ma phd cd the thuc hien Con viec ddi mdi phuong phap giao due - dao tao dinh hudng nghe nghiep tir cac cap phd thong va quy hoach dao tao nghe tai cho la nhung giai phap ve mat lau dai, ton nhieu thdi gian, kinh phi va nghien cuu de trien trai Tuy nhien day la nhung can thiet va dam bao phat trien ben vung nguon nhan luc cua dia phuong Cac giai phap can thuc hien nghiem tuc, hieu qua va cd tam nhin dai han r a 3.3.6 Nang cao hieu qua xuc tien dau tir tic Nhat Ban So vdi nhieu dia phuong khac khu vuc va tren ca nude, hinh anh cua phd Hai Phdng mat cac nha dau tu nude ngoai rat md nhat, it duoc chu y Nguyen nhan chinh la cac hoat dong xuc tien dau tu chua duoc thuc hien mot each hieu qua Mac du lanh dao phd cung nhu cac co quan cua phd da cd nhieu nd luc hoat dong xuc tien dau tu nhung nhung ket qua mang lai chua dap ung dupe muc tieu, yeu cau ve thu hut FDI Viec gap gof, xuc tien thong qua cac can bo tham tan thuong mai hay can bo ngoai giao Viet Nam thudng khong mang lai hieu qua ma ddi chi mang tinh chat hinh thuc Cac hoat dong hoi thao cung chi mang tinh chat tuyen truyen la chinh va ddi khong true tiep den duoc vdi nha dau tu nude ngoai Vi vay, ngoai cac bien phap da thuc hien phd can ddi mdi hoat dong xuc tien dau tu theo hudng true tiep hon de thong tin de dang den vdi cac nha dau tu Nhat Ban va cac giai phap nen duoc trien khai nhanh chong vdi muc bao phu rong 79 Hai Phdng co the hoc hoi Binh Duong viec chu dong tint den vdi cac nha dau tu nude ngoai dac diet la cac tap doan ldn Md cac van phdng dai dien tai cd phd ket nghla tai Nhat Ban to chuc cac chuyen vieng tham cua lanh dao nude ngoai can huy dong doi ngu doanh nhan dai dien cac doanh nghiep theo thap tung Xay dung hinh anh dep ve dia phuong mat cac tap doan doanh nghiep nude ngoai, dam bao rang den Hai Phong dau tu ho se cam thay hai long va thoai mai Cung vdi phd can tao dieu kien cho cac cong ty, doanh nghiep tham gia cac hoi cho trien lam qudc te, cac chuong trinh xue tien dau tu d va ngoai nude True tiep gui thong tin gidi thieu ve mdi trudng dau tu cua Hai Phdng den cac nha dau tu nude ngoai tiem nang thong qua ngudi dai dien hoac thu dien tu, gian tiep thong qua trang web cua UBND phd va Sd Ke hoach dau tu Hai Phong Thong qua mdi quan he ca nhan de true tiep gap go mdi goi cac nha dau tu thong qua cac dy an cu the phu hop vdi linh vuc cua ho Muon thuc hien dieu Hai Phong trudc het van phai xay dung duoc quy hoach thu hut FDI lap danh muc cac dy an keu goi dau tu danh muc ddi tac tiem nang Ngoai phd phai chuan bi thong tin chi tiet day du ve cac cac linh vyc va cac chinh sach uu dai cu the cd sue hap dan ddi vdi nha dau tu Nhat Ban Dong thdi Hai Phong cung can phai co mot doi ngu can bo du trinh nang luc chuyen nghien cuu tinh hinh kinh te thi trudng dau tu, chinh sach dau tu nude ngoai cua Chinh phu Nhat Ban, cua cac tap doan va cong ty ldn de cd chinh sach phu hop, nham keu goi dau tu co hieu qua hon Mat khac, cung can nghien cuu chinh sach, phap luat ve dau tu nude ngoai cua cac nude khu vyc va cac dia phuong lan can de hoc tap va co ddi sach thi'ch hop nham danh the chu dong cuoc canh tranh ve thu hut FDI 80 3.4.1 Tiep tuc soat, hoan thien phap luat hoat dong thu hut, quan X ly dau tir nuoc ngoai Vdi dac thu cua FDI la ddng von chiu anh hudng cua ca cac yeu to ben va ngoai qudc gia viec theo doi sua doi thudng xuyen kip thdi cac chinh sach quan ly hoat dong FDI la vd cung can thiet Do vay, Chinh phu can thudng xuyen lien tuc nghien cuu sua doi Luat dau tu Luat doanh nghiep phu hop vdi yeu cau phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tao khung phap ly thuan loi minh bach thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai: Ra soat tdng the he thdng phap luat hien hanh trudc het la cac luat lien quan den hoat dong dau tu kinh doanh nhu Luat Dat dai Luat Xay dung, Luat Bao ve mdi trudng, Luat Chuyen giao cong nghe Chinh phu nen thudng xuyen td chuc cac cuoc gap go trao doi, tiep xue giua cac co quan quan ly vdi cac doanh nghiep de tim hieu khd khan ma ho gap phai thuc te san xuat kinh doanh tir dua cac bien phap thao go va ho tro cac doanh nghiep tiep tuc dau tu md rong hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh Ddng thdi Chinh phu can sua doi chinh sach uu dai dau tu bao dam tinh he thdng tir uu dai thue (Luat Thue thu nhap doanh nghiep Luat Thue xuat nhap khau), uu dai tai chinh den uu dai phi tai chinh; thdng nhat giua chinh sach thue va chinh sach dau tu nham gop phan nang cao tinh canh tranh vdi cac nude khu vuc ve thu hut FDI Ben canh dieu chinh doi tupng hudng uu dai ve thue theo hudng gan uu dai theo nganh linh vuc uu tien theo vung lanh tho de thuc day su phan cong lao dong giua cac dia phuong; thuc hien uu dai dau tu cd chon loc phu hop vdi dinh hudng mdi doi vdi thu hut FDI; nghien cuu bo sung uu dai doi vdi cac du an dau tu Khu cong nghiep Dong thdi soat bo bdt cac han che khong can thiet va cho phep tham gia nhieu lion vao cac thi trudng von, thi trudng tai chinh tren nguyen tac hieu qua, nhung chat che Ngoai can cu xet uu dai theo linh vuc va dia ban can nghien cuu bo sung tieu chi de xet uu dai dau tu nhu: Du an thuoc linh vuc 81 cong nghiep ho trp, du an co gia tri gia tang cao, dir an sir dung nhieu nguyen lieu, vat tu nude va du an cam ket chuyen giao cong nghe tien tien Ngoai nhung giai phap dupe neu tren Chinh phu yeu cau tiep tuc dieu chinh bo sung co che chinh sach nham khuyen khich nha dau tu tu nhan nude va nude ngoai dau tu vao linh vuc ket cau tang; Hoan thien co che, chinh sach thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao cdng nghiep ho trp, du an cdng nghe cao 3.4.2 Tiep tuc day manh cai each hanh chinh linh vuc dau tir Mot cac giai phap khac nham nang cao hieu qua thu hut, su dung va quan ly FDI thdi gian tdi la dieu chinh mot sd nguyen tac quan ly va phan cap dau tu Cu the khan truong xay dung co che phoi hop cdng tac quan ly Nha nude ve dau tu nude ngoai nham tang cudng su phoi hpp giua Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu vdi cac Bo, nganh va UBND cac tinh phd true thuoc Trung uong Tiep tuc hoan thien co che phan cap viec cap giay chung nhan dau tu nham phat huy tinh nang dong, sang tao, chiu trach nhiem cua dia phuong, dong thdi dam bao quan lv thong nhat cua Trung uong bo sung quy trinh tham dinh doi vdi du an thuoc tham quyen quyet dinh chu truong dau tu cua Thu tuong Chinh phu, bao gom ca cac du an quy md ldn cd sue lan toa cd tac dong manh den sir phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua ca vung va qudc gia du an sir dung dien tich dat ldn Cac cai each phai dam bao giam thu tuc, thdi gian hoan cac thu tuc ddi vdi cac nha tu de tao mot co che thuc su thong thoang edi md Tang cudng cdng tac tra, kiem tra giam sat ddi vdi cac du an cd von dau tu nude ngoai da dupe cap, dieu chinh giay chung nhan dau tu Kien quyet dinh chi doi vdi nhung du an da dupe cap hoac dieu chinh giay chung nhan dau tu ma khong phu hpp vdi quy hoach quy trinh thu tuc Ddi vdi du an cd quy md ldn, cd tac dong ldn ve kinh te, xa hoi co quan cap giay chung nhan dau tu can chu xem xet danh gia ve kha nang huy dong von cua nha dau tu cd cac che tai hoac yeu cau dat coc de bao dam thuc hien nghia vu trien khai du an dung tien 82 r \ 3.4.3 Ddi moi hoot dong xuc tien dau tir Hoat dong xuc tien FDI cua Chinh phu can gan vdi muc tieu nhiem vu phat trien kinh te - xa hoi qudc gia: cd str dieu phoi chung thong nhat cua Trung ddi vdi cac hoat dong xuc tien dau tir ca nude ve noi dung, thdi gian dia diem: dupe thuc hien theo dinh hudng va ke hoach thu hut dau tu nude ngoai nham tang cudng hieu qua hoat dong xuc tien dau tu Theo hang nant va tung thdi ky, tren co sd nhu cau phat trien kinh te-xa hoi cua ca nude va dac thu lpi the cua tung vung, dia phuong cung nhu xu hudng cua dong vdn dau tu nude ngoai Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu tong hop y kien cac Bo nganh ban hanh tieu chi hudng dan cac Bo, nganh dia phuong xay dung ke hoach xuc tien dau tu Cac Bo, nganh dia phuong tren co sd tieu chi Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu ban hanh de xay dung ke hoach xuc tien dau tu theo tirng nam guri Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu de tong hop, thong nhat, dieu phoi chung (ve noi dung, thdi gian, dia diem ) va hudng dan phoi hop; khac phuc tinh trang chong cheo, kern hieu qua Ben canh tang cudng xuc tien dau tu ddi vdi cac tap doan ldn da qudc gia; dong thdi chu xuc tien dau tu ddi vdi doanh nghiep nho va vira dac biet la linh vuc cong nghiep ho tro; Thudng xuyen cap nhat nghien ciru xu hudng dong dau tu nude ngoai va cac ddi tac tiem nang de chu dong tiep can va xuc tien gidi thieu cac du an dau tu Khi tien hanh xuc tien dau tu d nude ngoai nhung trudng hop can thiet (nhu: dia ban xuc tien dau tu cd nhieu nha dau tu nude ngoai quan tam ddi tac quan trong, quy md hoat dong xuc tien dau tu ldn hoac cd nhieu dia phuong ciing di xuc tien dau tud nude ngoai vao ciing thdi gian va dia diem ) thi Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu se to chuc doan hoac tham gia de ho tro va trinh bay ve cac chinh sach chung, cac Bo, nganh, dia phuong se trinh bay ve lpi the, dac thu, tiem nang va su ho tro cua nganh, dia phuong minh Coi xuc tien dau tu tai cho theo do, can tang cudng ho tro cac du an da dupe cap giay chung nhan dau tu de cac du an trien khai hoat dong mot each thuan lpi cd hieu qua; tang cudng ddi thoai vdi cac nha dau tu giai quyet kip thdi 83 nhung kien nghi hop ly cua doanh nghiep dau hr nude ngoai nham thao go khd khan, vudng mac Phai coi viec xue tien dau tir tai cho la kenh quan va thong qua cac nha dau tir da cong tai Viet Nam de trinh bay ve kinh nghiem dau tir tai Viet Nam va gidi thieu ve mdi trirdng dau tir tai Viet Nam ? 3.4.4 Tang cudng kiem tra, giam sat boat dong dau tw De dam bao tinh hieu qua cho cac dir an da trien khai va tang cirdng thu hut FDI tai cho Chinh phu cung nen tang cudng cong tac kiem tra giam sat tinh hinh hoat dong cua cac dir an FDI nude Cu the Chinh phu can soat, phan loai cac dir an FDI dinh ky hang quy, hang nam de cd hudng xu ly thich hop doi vdi nhung du an cd khd khan Ben canh do, cac co quan cap phep dau tu phai tang cudng kiem tra, giam sat cac du an tren dia ban de kip thdi phat hien khd khan, vudng mac ciia doanh nghiep de tim giai phap ho tro va thao go khd khan; don doc cac du an cham tien do, chain trien khai hoac chua tuan thu cac cam ket; ddng thdi, xu ly cac trudng hop vi pham phap luat Cung vdi la tang cudng kiem tra giam sat qua trinh cap phep va quan ly du an dau tu nude ngoai ciia cac co quan cap giay chung nhan dau tu de chan chinh cong tac cap phep va quan ly sau cap phep tap trung vao cac noi dung: Viec tuan thu cac quy trinh quy dinh ciia phap luat qua trinh tiep nhan ho so tham tra, cap phep; viec quy dinh cac uu dai doi vdi cac du an; viec thuc hien trach nhiem kiem tra, giam sat sau cap phep Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu va cac Bo quan ly chuyen nganh cung cac co quan cap giay chung nhan dau tu tang cudng phoi hop soat can thiet thi tien hanh kiem tra doi vdi cac du an dau tu nude ngoai dac biet luu y cac du an thuoc cac nhom: cd quy md ldn; chiem dien tich dat ldn; du an cd nguy co d nhiem mdi trudng; dir an tieu ton nang luong; cac du an nhay cam khac Trong qua trinh kiem tra giam sat phat hien sai pham thi theo muc cd the kien nghi co quan cap giay chung nhan dau tu thu hoi Giay chung nhan dau tu doi vdi cac du an chain trien khai vi pham quy dinh cua phap luat hoac kien nghi Thu tudng Chinh phu bai bo Quyet dinh cap Giay chung nhan dau tu 84 3.4.5 Phat trien nganh cdng nghiep ho tro' Hien nganh cong nghiep ho tro Viet Nam rat yeu kem phan ldn cac nha cung cap linh kien phu tung cho cac cdng ty nude ngoai chu yeu la cac doanh nghiep cd von dau tu nude ngoai Khoang each ve tieu chuan chat luong giua cac doanh nghiep va ngoai nude kha ldn Doanh nghiep nude cd quy md nho va vua nen kha nang dap ung ve yeu cau chat lupng kem Trong cac ddi tac Nhat Ban dau tu vao nganh cdng nghiep luon rat quan tam den su phat trien cua nganh va kha nang cung cap linh kien tai cho Do vay de tang cudng thu hut FDI tu Nhat Ban noi rieng va cac nude phat trien noi chung vao nganh cdng nghiep, Chinh phu can nhanh chong cd nhung bien phap cu the de thuc day phat trien nganh cdng nghiep ho trp tai Viet Nam Trude het Chinh phu can xay dung va hoan thien cac chinh sach phat trien cdng nghiep ho trp tao co sd phap ly de thuc hien cac hoat dong phat trien nganh Cac chinh sach thuc day nganh cdng nghiep ho trp bao gom cac uu dai ve thue, cac bien phap ho trp kinh doanh vv can dupe xay dung tren co sd khong phan biet cac doanh nghiep nude va cac doanh nghiep nude ngoai Ngoai can cd cac chinh sach khuyen khich dau tu khuyen khich chuyen giao cdng nghe bao ho quyen sd huu tri tue ddi vdi cac du an dau tu nude va nude ngoai vao nganh Chinh phu cung can tang cudng dao tao can bo ky thuat cac nganh ho trp de lam chu cac cdng nghe dupe chuyen giao nghien cuu thiet ke tao cdng nghe nguon va kieu dang san pham rieng cua Viet Nam Thu hut su ho trp cua Chinh phu cac nude phat trien nhu Nhat Ban, EU de dao tao nguon nhan luc, dac biet khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep FDI tham gia vao cdng tac dao tao nguon nhan luc Ngoai ra, tinh trang thieu thong tin giua cac nha lap rap FDI va cac doanh nghiep cung cap linh phu kien noi dia dien rat phd bien Do vay, co sd du lieu ve cdng nghiep ho trp la rat can thiet de giam tinh trang thieu thong tin va md rong giao dich giua nha lap rap FDI va nha cung cap nude 85 KET LUAN Tom lai, viec thu hut von dau tir true tiep nude ngoai co y nghia quan vdi str tang trudng va phat trien cua mot dia phuong Ngoai viec bo sung mot nguon dang ke vao tong vdn phat trien, FDI mang lai nhieu loi ich khac nhu: chuyen giao cong nghe ky thuat quan ly, to chuc nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep nude, giai quyet viec lam Trong boi canh Viet Nam noi chung va Hai Phdng noi rieng, FDI se tiep tuc la dong luc phat trien kinh te thdi gian tdi Sau gan 25 nam thu hut dau tu true tiep tu Nhat Ban Hai Phong da thu duoc mot sd ket qua dang khich le FDI cua Nhat Ban tai Hai Phdng dang dung thur nhat ca ve sd du an va tong vdn dau tu Nguon vdn da gop phan quan giup Hai Phdng giu vu'ng toe tang trudng cua nganh cong nghiep noi rieng va kinh te phd noi chung Ngoai ra, cac du an dong gop nhieu vao viec giai quyet viec lam, chuyen dich co cau kinh te va tang kim ngach xuat nhap khau cua Hai Phdng Viec dat duoc nhung ket qua nhu vay mot phan la nhd phd da tich cue hoan thien co sd tang giao thong, tang cac khu cong nghiep de san sang giao mat bang sach cho cac du an va cac thu tuc cap phep dau tu da duoc thu gon dieu chinh theo hudng don gian khong gay phien nhieu mat thdi gian cho cac nha dau tu nude ngoai Tuy nhien cac giai phap thu hut dau tu nude ngoai noi chung va Nhat Ban noi rieng vao nganh cong nghiep Hai Phdng van cdn nhieu han che muc hap dan chua that su cao Dieu dat yeu cau ddi vdi Hai Phong phai tiep tuc sua ddi, hoan thien chinh sanh khuyen khich dau tu va cac bien phap uu dai dau tu cua minh thdi gian tdi Do thdi gian va nang lire nghien cuu cdn han che, luan van chua dua dupe mot md hinh dinh lupng cu the tac dong cua cac nhan to den viec thu hut FDI cua Nhat Ban vao nganh cong nghiep Hai Phdng phuc vu cho cong tac du bao dau tu tuong lai ngan han va dai han Do cd the la hudng nghien cuu md rong tiep theo cho de tai 86 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Ban Quan ly Khu kinh te Hai Phdng (2010-2015) Bao cao tinh hinh thu hut dau tir true tiep nude ngoai vao cac khu edng nghiep tren dia ban Hai Phdng Chinh phu Viet Nam Quyet dinh sd 110/2007/QD-TTg cua Thu tudng Chinh phu Cue Dau tu nuoc ngoai (2010-2015) Bao cao tinh hinh thu hut FDI cac nam Dan Due Hiep, (2015) 25 nam thu hut von FDI tai Hai Phdng, thuc trang va gidi phap Nha xuat ban Chinh tri Quoc gia Dang Quy Duong (2015), Tac dong cua von dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai tdi cac nganh cong nghiep che tac d Viet Nam luan an tien si kinh te Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan Do Dire Binh Ngo Thi Tuyet Mai (ddng chu bien) (2013) Giao trinh kinh te qudc te Nha xuat ban Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan Do Dire Binh (2013) Dau true tiep nude ngoai tai Viet Nam: Nhung bat cap ve chinh sach vd gidi phap thuc day Tap chi Kinh te phat trien Hiep dinh Doi tac kinh te Viet Nam - Nhat Ban Hiep dinh ve tu xue tien va bao ho dau tu Viet Nam - Nhat Ban 10 Qudc hoi Viet Nam Luat dau tu 2005 11 So Ke hoach va Dau tu Hai Phdng (2010-2014) Bao cao tinh hinh thu hut FDI tai Hai Phdng 12 Tran Kim Dung, Lua chon doi tac dau tu hoqt dong dau tic nude ngoai d Viet Nam (lay vi du tai Hai Phdng) luan an tien si kinh te 13 Tir Quang Phuong, Pham Van Hung (2013), Giao trinh kinh te dau tu, Nha xuat ban Dai hoc Kinh te qudc dan 14 UBND Hai Phdng, Quy hoach phat trien cong nghiep Hai Phdng giai doan 2011 - 2020, tarn nhin den nam 2025 87 15 UBND Hai Phong Quyet dinh so 2523/QD-UBND 23/12/ 2013 ve viec ban hanh Danh muc cac du an cong nghiep khuyen khich dau tu dau tu co dieu kien va khong chap thuan dau tu tren dia ban phd den nam 2020 16 UNCTAD (2013-2015) World Investment Report 17 WTO Hiep dinh ve cac bien phap dau tu lien quan den thuong mai 18 http://fia.mpi.gov.vn/chuvenmuc/172/So-lieu-FDI-hang-thang 19 hltiv^7wi^v^v.hehaz^o\-.vn'P(Pkil l)axp(hoani/;iUonolk^/aZ:MMuII) 4181 &ContentID=3429 20 http://haiphong■gov■vn/Pprtal/Cont/nt■aspx?Orgnnizatioo/doanhnnhiep&MenuI D=3282 21 http://haipho/gdpi.gov.v//gioi-thieu/di/h-huo/g-thu-hut-dau-tu.aspx 22 http://haiphongdpi.gov.v•//tho/g-tin-du-an.aspx