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DHKTQD L V T hS 7122 JJ — TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN *** nguy£n thi huyen DAI HOC KTQD TT THONG TIN TH WIEN PHONG LUAN AN • TV LIEU TAC DONG CUA DAU TUTRUC TIEP NU’6C NGOAI • • DEN KINH Tfi - XA HOl CUA TiNH HAI DUONG Chuyen nganh: KINH TE HOI NGOAI LUlN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • WX fate Ngtfcti htfdng dan khoa hoc: TS NGO CONG THANH HA NOI, NAM 2013 LCH CAM DOAN Toi xin cam doan day la cong trinh nghien cuu doc lap cua toi So lieu duoc neu luan van la trung thuc va co trich nguon Ket qua nghien cuu luan van la trung thuc va chua duoc cong bo bat ky cong trinh nghien cuu nao khac TAC GIA LUAN VAN Nguyen Thi Huyen MUC LUC • • DANH MUC CH U VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG, BIEU DO TOM TAT LUAN VAN LOT MODAl CHUONG 1: TAC DONG CUA FDI DEN KINH TE - XA HOI • • CAC MOC DANG PHAT TRIEN VA VIET NAM r \ a r A 1.1 Nhung van de chung ve dau tu true tiep nude ngoai F A 1.1.2 Khai niem dau tu true tiep nude ngoai .5 a r 1.1.2 Dae diem cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 1.1.3 Cac hinh thuc cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 1.2 Tac dong cua FDI den kinh te doi vdi nude tiep nhan dau tu 1.2.1 Tac dong tich cue cua FDI den kinh te doi vdi nude tiep nhan dau tu 1.2.2 Tac dong tieu cue cua FDI den kinh te doi vdi nude tiep nhan dau tu 18 1.2.3 Mot so chi tieu danh gia tac dong cua FDI den kinh te doi vdi nude tiep nhan dau tu 23 1.3.Tac dong cua FDI den xa hoi doi vdi nude tiep nhan dau tu 25 1.3.1 Tac dong tich cue cua FDI den xa hoi doi vdi nude tiep nhan dau tu 25 1.3.2 Tac dong tieu cue cua FDI den xa hoi doi vdi nude tiep nhan dau tu 27 1.3.3 Mot so chi tieu danh gia tac dong cua FDI den xa hoi doi vdi nude tiep nhan dau tu 29 CHlTONG 2: DANH GIA TAC DONG CUA FDI DEN KINH TE - XA HOI • CUA TINH HAI DU*0NG GIAI DOAN • 2001 - 2011 31 2.1 Tinh hinh thu hut FDI tai Hai Duong 31 2.1.1 Lpi the cua tinh Hai Duong viec thu hut FDI 31 2.1.2 Tinh hinh thu hut FDI tai tinh Hai Duong 32 2.2 Danh gia tac dong cua FDI den kinh te cua tinh Hai Duong 33 2.2.1 FDI tac dong den tang trudng kinh te 33 2.2.2 FDI tac dong den chuyen dich co cau kinh te 36 2.2.3 FDI tac dong den chuyen giao cong nghe 40 2.2.4 FDI tac dong den xuat nhap khau va md rong thi trudng 40 2.2.5 Mot so chi tieu danh gia tac dong cua FDI den kinh te cua tinh Hai Duong 43 A 2.3 Danh gia tac dong cua FDI den xa hoi cua tinh Hai Duong 48 X A A 2.3.1 FDI gop phan giai quyet viec lam va phat trien nguon nhan lire 48 X 2.3.2 FDI gop phan lam tang thu nhap cho ngudi lao dong 49 A X 2.3.3 Van de dinh cong cua ngudi lao dong 50 2.3.4 Mot so chi tieu danh gia tac dong cua FDI den xa hoi cua tinh Hai Duong 52 X A A _ 2.4 Danh gia chung ve tac dong cua FDI den kinh te - xa hoi cua tinh Hai Duong54 2.4.1 Tac dong tfch cue cua FDI den kinh te - xa hoi cua tinh Hai Duong 54 2.4.2 Tac dong tieu cue cua FDI den kinh te - xa hoi cua tinh Hai Duong 55 ~ A A A 2.4.3 Nguyen nhan dan den tac dong tieu cue cua FDI den kinh te - xa hoi cua tinh Hai Duong 57 CHlTONG 3: PHlTONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP THU HUT, SU* DUNG FDI DE PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI TINH HAI DIONG TRONG GIAI DOAN 2011 - 2020 60 AAA 3.1 Boi canh quoc te va nude vdi viec thu hut FDI vao Hai Duong 60 3.1.1 Boi canh quoc te 60 3.1.2 Boi canh nude 64 3.2 Muc tieu va dinh hudng thu hut FDI de phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tai Hai Duong giai doan 2011- 2020 67 3.2.1 Muc tieu thu hut FDI tai Hai Duong giai doan 2011-2020 67 3.2.2 Dinh hudng thu hut FDI tai Hai Duong giai doan 2011-2020 68 e A * A AX 3.3 Kien nghi mot so giai phap chu yeu nham phat huy tac dong tfch cue va A han che tac dong tieu cue cua FDI tren dia ban tinh Hai Duong 72 3.3.1 Kien nghi vdi Chinh Phu 72 3.3.2 Kien nghi vdi chinh quyen tinh Hai Duong 77 3.3.3 Kien nghi vdi nha dau tu 82 KET LUAN 86 DANH MUC TAI LIEUTHAMKHAO 88 DANH MUC • CHE VIET TAT BANG TIENG VIET • STT ChU viet tat Nghia Tieng Viet CN Cong nghiep CNH Cong nghiep hoa CGCN Chuyen giao cong nghe DN Doanh nghiep DTNN Dau tu nudc ngoai HDH Hien dai hoa KCN Khu cong nghiep KCNC Khu cong nghe cao KCX Khu che xuat 10 KKT Khu kinh te 11 KT-XH Kinh te - Xa hoi 12 KTNN Kinh te nha nudc 13 KTNNN Kinh te ngoai nha nudc 14 UBND Uy ban nhan dan DANH MUC CHU* VIET TAT BANG TIENG ANII STT Chu viet tat Nghia day du Tieng Anh Tieng Viet Asia-Pacific Economic Dien dan Hop tac Kinh te chau Cooperation A - Thai Binh Duong Association of Southeast Hiep hoi cac Quoc gia Dong Asian Nations Nam A ASEM The Asia-Europe Meeting Dien dan hop tac A-Au BOT Build-Operation-Transfer Xay dung - Kinh doanh - APEC r ASEAN r zx Chuyen giao Build -Transfer-Operation Xay dung- Chuyen giao- Kinh BTO BT Build -Transfer Xay dung- Chuyen giao EU European Union Lien minh chau Au FDI Foreign Direct Investment Dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai GDP Gross Domestic Product 10 M&A Mergers and Acquisitions Sap nhap va mua lai 11 TNCs Trans-National Companies Cac cong ty xuyen quoc gia 12 TFP Total Factor Productivity Nhan to nang suat tOng hop UNCTAD United Nations Conference Co quan thuong mai va phat on Trade And Development trien Lien Hiep Quoc doanh r-j-i ZX * Tong san pham quoc noi 13 14 USD United States Dollar Dong la My 15 WTO World Trade Organization TO chuc Thuong mai The gidi DANH MUC BANG, BIEU Danh muc bang r Bang 1.1 Toc tang trudng cong nghiep - xay dung (%) 11 Bang 2.1: Dong gop cho ngan sach cua khu vuc FDI giai doan 2001-21011 36 r •> Bang 2.2 Kim ngach xuat nhap khau tinh Hai Duong 42 Bang 2.3: Hieu qua su dung von cua khu vuc FDI tai tinh Hai Duong giai doan 2001-2011 43 Bang 2.4: NSNN/VDT cua khu vuc FDI giai doan 2001- 2011 45 Bang 2.5 Nang suat lao dong khu vuc FDI giai doan 2001-2011 .46 Bang 2.6: Dong gop cua khu vuc FDI vao tang trudng GDP cua nen kinh te 47 Bang 2.7 Chi tieu LRd khu vuc FDI giai doan 2001 -2011 52 Bang -2.8 Chi tieu TN/VDT khu vuc FDI giai doan 2001-2011 53 Danh muc bieu Bieu 1.1 Toc tang GDP cua cac phan kinh te d VN thdi ki 2001 -2010 Bieu 2.1 Dong gop vao GDP tinh Hai Duong cua khu vuc FDI 34 Bieu 2.2 Dong gop vao GDP tinh Hai Duong cua cac phan kinh te 35 Bieu 2.3 Dong gop cua cac khu vuc vao GDP doi vdi nganh cong nghiep - 37 xay dung tinh Hai Duong giai doan 2001-2011 37 Bieu 2.4 Toc tang san luqng dich vu theo khu vuc kinh te d tinh Hai Duong giai doan 2001 -2011 38 Bieu 2.5 Ty xuat khau cua cac khu vuc tai tinh Hai Duong giai doan 2001-2011 41 Bieu 2.6 Co cau XK tinh Hai Duong giai doan 2001 -2011 41 Bieu 2.7 Hieu qua su dung von theo khu vuc kinh te tai tinh Hai Duong giai doan 2001-2011 44 Bieu 2.8 Ty le lao dong theo khu vuc kinh te d tinh Hai Duong giai doan 2001 -2011 48 Bieu 2.9 Thu nhap/VDT theo khu vuc cua tinh Hai Duong giai doan 2001-2011 54 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN *** nguyTn thi huy£n TAC DONG CUA DAU TUTRUC TIEP NU'Oc NGOAI • • ~ 9 _ DEN KINH TE - XA HOI CUA TINH HAI DUONG Chuyen nganh: KINH TE DOI NGOAI TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • HA NOI, NAM 2013 • i L()I Md DAU Ti'nh cap thiet cua de tai Trong nen kinh te thi trudng hien co the khang dinh cac hoat dong dau tu co dau tu true tiep nude ngoai (FDI) la mot nhan to quan de phat trien kinh te r r r Hai Duong la tinh co vi tri thuan loi va mot so the manh nhat dinh thu hut FDI, nhu dpi ngu lao dong tre dong dao, dieu kien tu nhien, dia ly thuan loi, nam giua hai Ion (hai trung tarn kinh te cua ca nude) la Ha Noi va Hai Phong Tinh den het nam 2011, Hai Duong da thu hut dupe 216 du an FDI den tu 23 quoc gia va vung lanh tho vdi tong von dau tu / A dang ki 5,107 ty USD, tong von dau tu thuc hien cua cac doanh nghiep FDI udc dat ty 895,3 trieu USD, dat 36,7% tong von dau tu dang ky, thu hut tren 98 nghin lao dong true tiep tai cac doanh nghiep cung hang chuc nghin lao dong gian tiep khac r r • ' • Mac du da dat dupe nhung ket qua nhat dinh, nhien thuc te doi hoi phai danh gia dung tac dong cua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai den cac mat kinh te - xa hoi tai Hai Duong thdi gian qua de dua cac giai phap dieu chinh luong FDI cho phu hop vdi Chien luoc phat trien kinh te - xa hoi giai doan 2011 - 2020 Viec nghien cuu danh gia tac dong cua FDI den kinh te - xa hoi d tinh Hai Duong la thuc su can thiet, phu hop ca ve ly luan va thuc tien, giup A cho chinh quyen tinh Hai Duong va cac co quan chuc nang co the nhin nhan r r r dung dan hon doi vdi dong von nay, tir co cac giai phap thu hut, quan ly, su dung hieu qua hon doi vdi von FDI Vi ly do, dS tai “TAC DONG CUA DAU TU TRUC TIEP MOC NGOAI DEN KINH TE - XA HOI CUA TINH HAI DUONG” dupe chon de nghien cuu Muc cuu • dich va nhiem • vu• nghien “ * Muc dich:Nham danh gia mot each sat thuc ve tac dong cua dau tu A / A r A r true tiep nude ngoai den kinh te - xa hoi cua tinh Hai Duong.Qua do, cung 75 r Nam thuong la 50 nam, co the keo dai den 70 nam trudng hop dac biet r y Tuy nhien, thuc te co nhung du an, cac doanh nghiep dau tu phat trien 5 KCN va KCX thdi gian den bu, giai phong mat bang va xay dung co sd tang thudng chiem rat nhieu, co den 5-10 nam Do do, nen cho phep gia Z han thdi gian thue dat, cd nhu vay mdi bao dam thdi gian thuc su kinh doanh, dem lai hieu qua cho ca hai ben Can tien toi cd cac van ban phap ly cho phep cac to chuc cho vay nudc ngoai dupe nhan the chap quyen su dung dat de tao y z y dieu kien cho cac nguon vdn vao Viet Nam r z \ r \ Ngoai ra, doi vdi chinh sach dat dai can tiep tuc hoan chinh: ve gia thue Z y y y Z y dat, den bu, giai phong mat bang; loai bo hinh thuc gop vdn bang quyen su Z Z dung dat cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam, chuyen sang che nha nudc cho z z z z thue dat; nghien cuu, xay dung co che cho thue dat dai han den 99 nam theo thong le quoc te, thu tien mot lan, cac nha DTNN cd quyen su dung, cho thue, z z z z y the chap thdi han thue dat; nghien cuu giam muc tien thue dat cho phu y y hop vdi dinh hudng thu hut dau tu d cac dia phuong, bao dam muc tien thue dat khong cao hon cac nudc khu vuc Giam gia thue dat cac KCN va KCX (phu hop vdi chi phi xay dung co sd tang) ❖ Bo Luat Lao dong Hoan thien van ban quy pham phap luat ve lao dong, dac biet la quy trinh tuyen dung, lira chon lao dong, chuc nang cua co quan quan ly nha nudc ve lao dong, ve dao tao, sa thai ngudi lao dong, tranh chap ve lao dong; xem xet viec lap phan toa lao dong de xu ly tranh chap ve lao dong y y z Chinh phu can kip thdi dieu chinh muc luong toi thieu theo dinh ky, phu hop vdi chi so tang gia; ban hanh van ban hudng dan cu the hon ve xay z y dung va ap dung quy che tien thudng cho cac doanh nghiep FDI can cu vao z z ket qua san xuat, kinh doanh va muc hoan cua ngudi lao dong phu 76 # > r a hop voi truyen thong va phap luat cua nuoc ta nham bao dam dupe lpi ich cho AZ ngudi lao dong, vira tang tinh canh tranh cua nen kinh te ♦♦♦ Luat chuyen giao cong nghe va quy dinh ve san pham, du an cong nghe cao Sua doi phap luat ve cong nghe cao bao dam phu hpp voi dieu kien thuc te ' cua Viet Nam; sua Luat Chuyen giao cong nghe theo hudng khuyen khich va tao thuan lpi cho hoat dong CGCN, nang cao hieu qua quan ly nha nudc, khac phuc chuyen gia; hinh va phat trien mot so trung tam R&D tai cac vung kinh te diem vdi su tham gia cua cac TNCs dang co mat tai Viet Nam, doanh nghiep, Vien nghien cuu, Trudng dai hoc nudc; ban hanh van ban hudng dan danh gia trinh cong nghe; xay dung tieu chi xac dinh cong nghe khuyen khich chuyen giao, han che chuyen giao va cam chuyen giao; dinh ky to chuc danh gia trinh cong nghe cua cac nganh, linh vuc, tir xac dinh linh vuc uu tien thu hut FDI; xem xet bo sung quy dinh ve viec kiem z z tra may moc, thiet bi doi vdi cac du an FDI dang hoat dong, cung nhu thdi han phai thay doi cong nghe; tang cudng sir dung cac cong cu giam dinh de han che viec nhap khau may moc, thiet bi lac hau lam anh hudng den mdi trudng ♦♦♦ Ve quan ly ngoai hoi Xem xet, dieu chinh, bo sung cac quy dinh , dieu kien vay vdn cua cac doanh AZ nghiep, co doanh nghiep FDI nham khac phuc tinh trang cac doanh z nghiep FDI vay vdn cua cac ngan hang thuong mai nha nudc, nhung hoat dong khong hieu qua, phai ngimg hoat dong, co trudng hpp, nha dau tu nudc ngoai da bo ve nudc ❖ Luat Chung Khoan ngoai ho dau tu theo hinh thuc gop vdn, mua cd phan 77 c Siva doi chinh sach uu dai dau tu y r y Sua doi chinh sach uu dai dau tu theo huong dieu chinh giam muc thue thu nhap doanh nghiep tu 25% xuong 20%, uu dai suot doi du an thay vi chi 30 nam nhu quy dinh hien hanh; ap dung uu dai theo du an; cho phep uu dai tuong hudng uu dai dau tu giua Luat dau tu va Luat thue thu nhap doanh nghiep va ve danh muc linh vuc, dia ban uu dai dau tu giua cac van ban quy pham phap luat; xem xet viec thudng uu dai 3.3.1.2 Cac cong trinh tang cap quoc gia r r y r \ Xay dung va phat trien ddng bo he thong ket cau tang dam bao tinh ddng bo va di trudc mot buoc: giao thong, dien, nudc, buu chinh vien thong, cac nganh cong nghiep phu tro va tang xa hoi, dich vu nham dap ung nhu cau cua cac doanh nghiep Bo tri, sap xep du an theo quy hoach ve dat dai cung nhu quy hoach nganh; qua trinh lap quy hoach cac KCN, CCN dac Z y y Z biet chu y cac van de ve moi trudng, cap thoat nudc , cai thien moi trudng r y dau tu tai cac khu vuc thi tran, huyen thi va nong thon r 3.3.2 Kien nghi voi chinh quyen tinh Hai Duong y 3.3.2.1 Nang cao hieu qua hoat dong xuc tien dau tu Tao moi trudng dau tu thong thoang, hap dan de keu goi cac nha dau tu y r y va ngoai nudc vao dau tu san xuat tinh Tao dieu kien de bo phan z y z y xuc tien dau tu cua tinh thudng xuyen dupe tiep xuc vdi cac tap doan dau tu, z y cac to chuc xuc tien dau tu va ngoai nudc, thong qua cac hoat dong cua cac Nha lanh dao Dang, Nha nudc d TW, dia phuong va cac Dai sir, Tham tan ngoai giao d nudc ngoai Can chu dong xay dung mot co che van dong va xuc tien dau tu tu EU, Nhat Ban, Hoa Ky, Han Quoc va bo tri kinh phi hop ly de thuc hien chuong trinh 78 Noi dung xuc tien dau tu thdi gian tdi can tap trung cung cap thong Z X XX tin cu the ve dir an, cung cap thong tin ve tang ky thuat (dubng, dien, tang xa hoi, dich vir ho tro, lao dong, uu dai, nguon nhan luc ) r r x x x Can chu den vi$c cung cap nguon thong tin cho cac nha dau tu r r x qua mang Internet, day la mot cong cu rat tot, cho phep nha dau tu co duoc thong tin ma lai ton it thdi gian Tuyen truyen xuc tien dau tu nudc ngoai thong qua phat hanh cac an pham dudi cac hinh thuc nhu: Tap chi, dTa CD, xx z x trang Web ve dau tu nudc ngoai bang tieng Anh, Phap, Tay Ban Nha v.v Tien hanh lap mot bo phan xuc tien dau tu nudc ngoai tai Sd Ke hoach va Dau tu Bo phan chiu trach nhiem thuc hien cac cong viec lien quan,den xuc tien dau tu nudc va ngoai nudc Tai nudc ngoai, bo phan co the ctr dai dien lam viec tai cac co quan dai dien ngoai giao de tien Z X e x hanh cac hoat dong xuc tien dau tu Can chu hon vao viec dao tao Z X o e chuyen mon, ky nang xuc tien dau tu cho doi ngu can bo tham gia vao hoat dong xuc tien dau tu Can phai co mot nguon kinh phi co dinh tu ngan sach cua tinh danh cho Z X Z X X * Z X hoat dong xuc tien dau tu Tien hanh dong bo cac hoat dong ve xuc tien dau tu Z Z tong the chung cua tinh tranh tao nen sir mat can doi giua cac nganh, vung < X 3.3.2.2 Quy hoach va dinh hudng dau tu Bo tri, sap xep du an theo quy hoach ve dat dai cung nhu quy hoach nganh; qua trinh lap quy hoach cac KCN, CCN dac biet chu y cac van de ve mdi trudng, cap thoat nudc , cai thien mdi trudng dau tu tai cac khu z vuc thi tran, huyen thi va nong thon _ ' ' ' Tap trung thu hut dau tu de sdm lap day cac khu cong nghiep, cum cong nghiep da duoc quy hoach chi tiet Ngoai cac khu cong nghiep, cum cong nghiep da nam quy hoach, chua quy hoach phat trien them cac khu cong nghiep va cum cong nghiep mdi Khi ty le lap day chung dat tir 70% trd 79 len moi nghien cuu de bo sung them Khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep xay dung nha xudng 2-3 tang de nang cao hieu qua su dung dat Hoan thien viec xay dung cang noi dia ICD Hai Duong voi chuc nang nhu mot tong kho trung chuyen va la mot dau moi xuat nhap khau hang hoa co qui mo lon va hien dai Khan truong hoan chinh Quy hoach khu vuc phia nam cau Lo Cuong nham tiep nhan cac du an thuoc linh vuc dich vu, nhu: cac truong dai hoc, r •> r benh vien quoc te, khu van hoa-the thao Ket hop dan xen khu cOng nghiep, khu che xuat, khu cOng nghe cao de nang cao hieu qua hoat dong cua cac doanh nghiep va su dung hieu qua he thong ket cau tang Hien nay, Quy hoach tong the bao ton va phat huy gia tri khu di tich va danh thang COn Son - Kiep Bac den nam 2020 chuan bi duoc Thu tuong Chinh phu phe duyet voi tong dien tich quy hoach len toi 8300 ha; Quy hoach Quoc lo 18 moi cung dang duoc nghien cuu, xay dung V'l vay, viec tiep nhan r x cac du an dau tu noi chung, nhat la DTNN vao khu vuc huyen Chi Linh phai X ' dac biet chu y va can co su trao doi, tham khao y kien rong rai cua cac nganh va dia phuong co lien quan truoc trinh cap co tham quyen quyet dinh cho phep dau tu Chu y nhung tac dong mOi truong cua du an den khu vuc, khOng duoc lam anh hudng den khu di tich, nhat la khu vuc quy hoach bao ton va X XX khai thac dac biet, nham gop phan bao ton va phat huy gia tri khu di tich dac biet cua Quoc gia 3.3.2.3 Chuan bi nguon nhan luc Truoc mat can phai co su phoi hop giua Sd Lao dong - Thuong binh - Xa hoi voi cac co sd dao tao, cac trung tam dich vu tuyen dung lao dong, voi cac nha dau tu, chu dong nam nhu cau ve lao dong sau 80 cap giay phep de co ke hoach dao tao dap ung nhu cau ca ve so luong va chat luong A Ve lau dai, phai chuan bi dao tao can bo va cong nhan cho 10-15 nam sau de co mot doi ngu lao dong co ky nang, tri thuc cao moi co the don duoc nhung dong chay dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai, vi loi the so sanh se chuyen tu nhung nganh can nhieu lao dong gian don sang nhung nganh co ham luong cong nghe cao A /W A Quy hoach dao tao tai cho nguon nhan luc phuc vu nhu cau phat trien cua cac doanh nghiep tren dia ban nhu: det may, lap rap, dien tu, co khi, san xuat vat lieu xay dung khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep tu tuyen dung, dao tao nguon nhan luc theo tieu chuan quy dinh va yeu cau cua doanh nghiep Tap trung dau tu bang nguon ngan sach nha nuoc, goi von dan doanh de phat trien cac trung tam dao tao lao dong co ky nang phu hop voi yeu cau A Z Z tuyen dung cua cac doanh nghiep Ket hop cac phan kinh te de mo rong A Z Z mang luoi dao tao nghe, co ke hoach lien ket giua dao tao nuoc voi nuoc ngoai nham cung cap cho cac nha doanh nghiep lao dong, chuyen gia co A tay nghe, trinh cao 3.3.2.4 Cai each thu tuc hanh chinh Can day manh cai cach thu tuc hanh chinh cac nghiep vu lien quan Z Z A den viec thu hut von dau tu nuoc ngoai, xoa bo cac thu tuc rudm ra, tao moi trudng thuan loi va thong thoang cho cac nha dau tu nuoc ngoai Quy dinh ro rang, cong khai, minh bach cac thu tuc hanh chinh; Ra soat va bai bo cac quy dinh ve thu tuc dang can tro hoat dong dau tu nuoc ngoai, giam bot cac thu tuc r r z az khong can thiet; thuc hien che mot cua.Viec tham dinh va cap giay phep dau tu phai theo dung quy dinh cua nha nuoc, tranh phien ha, gay tro ngai cho AZ A Z cac nha dau tu, khac phuc tinh trang tra, kiem tra khong can thiet gay • A J • X ZA.X Z W phien nhieu cua mot so co quan chuc nang 81 3.3.2.5 Tang cuong giam sat va ho tro nha dau tu trien khai du an Phat trien cac nganh cong nghiep bo tro co thi truong co loi the canh tranh de tang gia tri gia tang cua san pham, tang sue canh tranh va hieu qua hoi nhap: cac nganh cu khi, che tao thiet bi va phu tung nhu cac thiet bi cho san xuat to, xe may, san xuat thiet bi dien va linh kien dien tu, san xuat dong cu no, dong co dien ( nhat la dong co dien co cong suat ldn), nham tiep nhan chuyen giao cong nghe, tung budc vuun len san xuat linh kien phu tung va tien toi san xuat hoan chinh mot so thiet bi, san xuat cua cong nghe cao tai dia phuung, tao nen nhung san pham cong nghiep mdi hien dai va tien tien mang thuong hieu Hai Duong Tap trung vao su dung cd hieu qua nguon vdn FDI lmh vuc phat trien cong nghe phu tro De phat trien nganh cong nghiep phu tro can phai: xay dung quy hoach tdng the, xay dung trung tam dao tao kinh doanh va cong nghe, xay dung KCN rieng cho cong nghiep phu tro / A A Cam ket va thuc hien viec giai toa mat bang, ban giao mat bang dung thdi han nhu cam ket vdi nha dau tu nudc ngoai, thuc hien cong tac kiem tra, giam sat tien dau tu va xu ly kip thdi cac vudng mac, phat sinh theo quy dinh Tang cuong giam sat nham ngan chan cd hieu qua nan buon lau, lam hang gia, lam an phi phap cua doanh nghiep FDI Thudng xuyen giam sat tinh hinh chap hanh luat lao dong cua cac chu r r \ a a doanh nghiep Nhat la cac che ve lao dong, tien luong, ky ket thoa udc lao A A dong tap the nham bao ve quyen loi chinh dang cua ngudi lao dong va chu r ~ r r doanh nghiep Theo sat dien bien va giai quyet kip thdi cac tranh chap lao dong, cac vu viec vi pham luat lao dong gay anh hudng den du luan xa hoi va mdi trudng dau tu Viec giai quyet mdi quan he chu tho d khu vuc hop tac a a r r dau tu nudc ngoai dudi nhieu hinh thuc khac la yeu to quan dam bao cho su ton tai va phat trien san xuat 82 Tang cuong cong tac tra, kiem tra cua cac co quan nha nuoc co r r y tham quyen cac doanh nghiep FDI doi voi quy trinh xu ly chat thai; yeu cau doanh nghiep FDI truoc lap phai neu cac phuong an bien phap r r •> khac phuc chat thai moi truong ben ngoai va phai duoc co quan tham quyen phe duyet; tang cuong cong tac kiem tra cua cac co quan nha nuoc doi voi viec nhap khau cac thiet bi day chuyen cong nghe, nham tranh phai nhap r \ khau nhung may moc, thiet bi, day chuyen cong nghe lac hau gay anh hudng den moi truong Trong thoi gian toi can nghien cuu de dua nhung che tai r x ? y xu phat nghiem khac doi voi nha dau tu nuoc ngoai vi pham phap luat ve bao ve moi truong; tang cuong va khuyen khich su dung cac du an FDI doi voi y y hoat dong bao ve moi truong nhu: rung, dau tu vao xu ly rac thai va r chat thai cong nghe r y 3.3.3 Kien nghi vdi nha Vdu Vtr 3.3.3 Nghiem tuc thuc hien dung lien Vd vam Vkt r r r Trong boi canh kinh te kho khan hien nay, viec thuc hien dung tien x r X r r r * cam ket cua cac nha dau tu la het suc can thiet va then chot Voi viec lam phat tang cao, nen kinh te thi truong am dam dan den viec cac nha dau tu chua r r r •> thuc hien dung tien cam ket, co dong thai tri hoan hoac keo dai tien de y z z cho thoi co Dieu anh hudng tieu cuc den muc tieu cam ket da dat thu hut FDI tai Viet Nam noi chung va tinh Hai Duong noi rieng Chinh vi vay, cac doanh nghiep FDI can tin tudng vao dinh huong chinh sach cua y nha nuoc va chinh phu Viet Nam, tin tudng vao tiem nang phat trien cua thi truong Viet Nam dai han, tu nghiem tuc thuc hien dung tien da z cam ket y z 3.3.32 Co kt hoaah dao tao nguon nhan lea Thuc te da cho thay nguon nhan luc tai Viet Nam la tai san quy bau Z Z nhat, quan nhat qua trinh phat trien cua cac doanh nghiep FDI Da 83 den luc cac doanh nghiep FDI can xay dung cu the mot ke hoach dao tao r \ r \ nguon nhan luc co chat luong cao, tac phong cong nghiep gan vdi cac yeu cau vi tri, cong viec, song song vdi su phat trien cua Khoa hoc cong nghe mdi Cu the nhu: - Can xay dung chien luge phat trien cua minh, tao co sd de xac dinh dung nhu cau nhan luc, tu phat trien chien luge dao tao va phat trien nhan A / luc dap ung nhu cau chien luge cua cong ty - Chien luge dao tao va phat trien nhan luc can dat tong the chien luge nguon nhan luc cua doanh nghiep: Thu hut, hap dan, dong vien, danh gia, dao tao va phat trien, va phat trien su nghiep r A - Chien luge dao tao va phat trien nhan lire can chuyen chu tir dao tao, huan luyen sang viec chu vao viec hgc tap thudng xuyen lien tuc cua ngudi lao dong A - Ben canh cac ky nang ky thuat, can chu phat trien cac nang luc cua ngudi lao dong hien dai: Tac phong lam viec chuyen nghiep, giai quyet van de sang tao, truyen dat, dam phan, quan ly xung dot, lam viec dong dpi, thich ung - Doi mdi cac hoat dong quan ly viec thuc hien nhiem vu qua khuyen khich ap dung nhung dieu hoc dugc vao cong viec, tao mdi trudng thuan lgi de ap dung nhung dieu da hpc vao cong viec - Ky nang nhan luc phai trd nang lire cua tat ca cac cap quan ly vi vay can nhanh chong dao tao cho cac cap quan ly nhung ky nang nhan luc: phong van, danh gia viec thuc hien, kem cap va phat trien ngudi dudi quyen - Dao tao dpi ngu quan ly cd nang luc chien luge de xay dung Tam nhin, Su mang, van hoa, va cac chien luge phat trien cua doanh nghiep - Dao tao cac nha quan ly nhan luc vdi kien thuc va nang luc hien dai, A chu vao quan ly tai nang va nhan von 84 - Dao tao cac chuyen gia huan luyen tai doanh nghiep ve cac nang luc dao tao dac biet la nhung phuong phap hien dai huan luyen r > ? x 3.3.3.3 Cdn gidi quyet vdn de xung dot vdn hoa Trong nhung nam gan day, tinh trang xung dot van hoa tai cac doanh nghiep FDI co xu hudng tang nhanh, nhieu vu viec quy md ldn, phuc tap, tac dong khong nhd toi hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep Cd rat nhieu nguyen nhan, xong phan ldn la xung dot van hoa, khong hieu ngon ngu va quan diem mdi ca nhan khac nhau, nhat la d nhung cong ty cd nhieu nguon nhan luc Muon giai quyet van de nay, cac doanh nghiep FDI can phai : - Tim hieu phong tuc tap quan dia phuong, cua ngudi Viet Nam nham muc dich tao cho ngudi lao dong mdi trudng lam viec hai hoa, de thich nghi vdi van hoa cua cac doanh nghiep FDI - Phat huy vai trd Cac to chuc cong doan, to chuc sinh hoat Dang DN FDI can cd vi tri doc lap tuong doi vdi ngudi su dung lao dong, thuc sir A A X dau tranh vi quyen loi cua ngudi lao dong Dong thdi, nang luc dai dien cua to chuc cong doan DN, trudc tien la su hieu biet ve luat phap, ngon ngu r r va tiep la nang luc dam phan, thuong luong va thoa thuan de ky ket thoa udc lao dong tap the, nang luc tham gia giai quyet xung dot, nang luc to chuc cham lo doi song ngudi lao dong, van dong ngudi lao dong chap hanh phap luat lao dong, an toan - ve sinh lao dong DN theo van hoa doanh nghiep, theo tac phong chuyen nghiep cua cac doanh nghiep FDI 3.3.3.4 Quan tam den dai song cua ngirai lao dong va dau tirphuc lai cong cong r x r r t Day la van de rat quan doi vdi cac doanh nghiep FDI thdi diem kinh te kho khan nhu hien Viec quan tam den doi song ngudi lao dong, dau tu phuc loi cong cong thong qua cac hoat dong nhu : - Xay dung che luong, thi dua thi thudng nham khuyen khich dong vien ngudi lao dong 85 ' ' ' ~ - Xay dung van hoa doanh nghiep, dau tu co sd vat chat day du, cho an ngu nghi sinh hoat cho ngudi lao dong, giup ho yen tam cong tac tot - To chuc cac chuyen tham quan, du lich 1- lan nam, nang cao tinh than doan ket, khich le tinh than lam viec cua ngudi lao dong, gop phan tang nang suat lao dong - Gay dung cac quy tu thien, cac to chuc Cong Doan dai dien cho quyen lpi cua ngudi lao dong - Tich cue tham gia cac phong trao ung ho cac chuong trinh phat dong cua dia phuong, cua nha nudc ve phuc lpi cong cong, gay dung uy tin thuong hieu cho doanh nghiep 86 KET LUAN FDI co vai tro quan doi viec phat trien kinh te cua mot quoc gia, dac biet la cac nude dang phat trien No gop phan nang cao nang luc san xuat cua quoc gia thong qua cung cap ve von, cong nghe san xuat tien tien, ky nang va trinh quan ly, tang kha nang canh tranh cua nen kinh te va ma rong quan he hop tac quoc te Tuy nhien sir tac dong cua FDI khong chi la chieu thuan vdi su phat trien KT-XH ma doi no cung co tac dong nghich Viec su dung co hieu qua FDI, phat huy nhung tac dong tich cue, han che / X nhung tac dong tieu cue phu thuoc rat nhieu vao chinh sach thu hut va nang luc quan ly, dieu hanh nen KT-XH cua nudc tiep nhan dau tu Hon 10 nam qua tinh Hai Duong da tung buoc dat dupc nhung cong nhat dinh qua trinh thu hut va sir dung co hieu qua von FDI, phuc vu cho qua trinh phat trien KT-XH FDI da co nhung tac dong tich cue qua trinh xay dung va phat trien KT-XH; bo sung nguon von cho phat trien KT-XH gop phan thuc day tang trudng kinh te, vdi ddng gop vao GDP vdi ty le cao hon 15%; thuc day qua trinh chuyen giao cong nghe, va chuyen dich co cau kinh te theo hudng CNH, HDH; giai quyet viec lam, nang cao thu nhap cho ngudi lao dong; nang cao chat luong lao dong, phat trien nguon nhan luc / X 9 Dong thdi kinh te phat trien cung lam thay doi nhanh chong bo mat co so tang, thuc day qua trinh thi hoa, dem lai cuoc song sung tuc hon cho ngudi dan dia phuong De phat huy nhung tuu da dat dupc thu hut va su dung von FDI thdi gian qua, Hai Duong se phai dieu chinh dinh hudng thu hut FDI: md rong thu hut cac doi tac co cong nghe hien dai, tien tien nham nang cao sue canh tranh lau dai cua san pham cong nghiep tren dia ban, tranh gay d nhiem mdi trudng, dac biet la doi vdi nguon nudc Sau mot qua trinh phat trien kinh r r r r \ te vdi toc cao, Hai Duong cung phai doi mat vdi cac van de xa hoi mdi 87 r r x * sinh nhu: van de lao dong nhap cu, tranh chap lao dong, dinh cong, nhiem moi trudng tu san xuat cong nghiep De phat huy nhung tac dong tich cue va han che nhung tac dong tieu < r * e < > cue cua FDI den phat trien kinh te - xa hoi d tinh Hai Duong, trudc mat can phai coi cac giai phap nhu: cong tac tiep thi xuc tien dau tu, hoan thien mdi trudng dau tu, dao tao nguon nhan luc, nang cao hieu luc quan ly nha nudc, xay dung ket cau tang Ve lau dai can phai quan tam den cac giai phap sau: lira chon dung doi tac, bao ve mdi trudng Hai Duong vdi nhieu loi the, neu tan dung tot se la dieu kien thuan lpi < ' , day nhanh toc phat trien KT-XH, se kich thich mat tich cue, han che tieu cue cua FDI, gop phan tich cue day nhanh qua trinh phat trien cua pho, phan dau trd mot nhung thi ldn cua ca nudc, la trung tam cong nghiep, thuong mai du lich va dich vu phan dau de trd mot nhung dia phuong di dau su nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa va co ban trd tinh cong nghiep trudc nam 2020 88 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO _ z a Le Xuan Ba (2006), Tac dong cua dau tu- true tiep nudc ngoai toi tdng r trudng kinh te d Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hoc ky thuat Do Due Binh - Nguyen Thuong Lang, (2008) “Kink te quoc te" NXB Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan Ha Noi, Ha Noi Bo ke hoach va Dau tu, De an: "Dinh hudng nang cao hieu qua thu yr f hut, su dung va quan ly dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai den nam 2020", thang 8/2012 Bo ke hoach va Dau tu, De an: “Xay dung bo chi tieu dcinh gid hieu qua dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai d Viet Nam ", thang 5/2012 Bo ke hoach va Dau tu, De an: "Danh gid thuc trang dau tu true tiep r nudc ngoai va dinh hudng den nam 2020", thang 8/2012 Nguyen Huu Chien (2009), Thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai o' r rv r r \ Da Nang, Luan van thac si Kinh te, Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh, Ha Noi Cue Thong ke Hai Duong (2004), Nien Giam thong ke tinh Hai Duomg, Hai Duong Cue Thong ke Hai Duong (2005), Nien Giam thong ke tinh Hai Duong, Hai Duong Cue Thong ke Hai Duong (2011), Nien Giam thong ke tinh Hai Duong, Hai Duong 10 An Nhu Hai - Tran Quang Lam, (2006), Kinh te co vdn dau tu nudc r ngoai d Viet Nam hien nay, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 11 So Lao dong - Thuong Binh va xa hoi tinh Hai Duong (2010), Bao cao A ve tinh hinh lao dong tai khu vuc FDI tren dia ban tinh Hai Duong, Hai Duong 89 12 So Tai nguyen - Moi truong tinh Hai Duong (2010), Bao cao ve tinh hinh moi truong tai cac KCN, cum cong nghiep tren dia ban Hai Duong, Hai Duong 13 Tong cue thong ke (2011), Nien Giam thong ke 14 Nguyen Anh Tuan (2005), Dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai vo'i phat trien kinh te d Viet Nam, Nxb Tu phap, Ha Noi 15 Tran Xuan Tung (2005), Dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai d Viet Nam , thuc trang va giaiphap, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 16 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Hai Duong (2011), Quy hoach phat trien kinh r te - xa hoi tinh Hai Duong giai doan 2011-2020, Hai Duong 17 Uy ban nhan dan tinh Hai Duong (2011), Danh gia tinh hinh dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai tren dia ban tinh Hai Duong giai doan 1988-2012, Hai Duong Cae trang Web Cue Dau tu nuoc ngoai - Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu,( 12/12/2011), “Tinh hinh dau tu nuoc ngoai nam 2011”, htt^p://’www.vidgroup.com.vn/c-tintuc/ b-tm-dau-tu/tinh-hinh-11 lau-tu-tru
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