Rào cản thương mại của mỹ đối với sản phẩm gỗ của việt nam

o > ■ I i- Il TRICING DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN * * * PHAM THI■ HANG ■ DAI HQCKTQD~ TT THdNGTINTHl/VlEN PHONG LUAN AN ■ Tti LIEU RAO CAN THUONG MAI CUA MY DOI V6l SAN PHAM GO CUA VIET NAM CHUYEN NGANH: QUAN TRI KINH DOANH QUOC TE THS STSO LUAN VAN THAC SY QUAN TRI KINH DOANH NGlOl HldNG DAN KHOA HOC: TS NGUYEN ANH MINH HA NOI, 2009 If MUC LUC Trang DANH MUC CAC CHU’ VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG DANH MUC HINH TOM TAT LUAN VAN LOI MO DAU CHU ONG 1: CO Sd LY LUAN VE RAO CAN VA VUOT • • RAO CAN TRONG THUONG MAI QUOC TE 1.1 Tong quan ve rao can thiro’ng mai quoc te 1.1.1 Khai niem rao can thirffng mai 1.1.2 Nguyen nhan hinh thank cac loai rao can thiromg mai 1.1.3 Phan loai rao can thirffng mai 10 1.1.3.1 Rao can thue quan 11 1.1.3.2 Rao can phi thue quan 14 1.2 Nhirng noi dung co* ban cua viec vuot r^o can thiro’ng mai quoc te 18 1.2.1 Quan diem chung vutrt rao can thucmg mai qudc te 18 1.2.2 Nhirng phirffng phap, cong cu chu yeu ma DN co the sir dung de virtft rao can thiromg mai quoc te 20 1.3 Rao can doi voi san pham go TMQT 21 1.3.1 Giiri thieu khai quat thi trirdmg go quoc te 21 1.3.1.1 Tong quan thi tricang go the gicri 21 1.3.1.2 Tinh hinh xuat nhap khau go noi that tren the gicri 22 1.3.2 Nhirng rao can chu yeu doi vcri san pham go TMQT 23 1.3.2.1 Rao can thue quan doi vcri san pham go 23 1.3.2.2 Rao can phi thue quan doi vcri san pham go 24 r r 1.3.3 Nhimg dac thu cua viec currt rao can trongthwumgmai quoc te san pham gd .28 1.4 Sy can thiet cua viec vvurt rao can ddi vol san phhm go VN tren thi truong My 29 1.4.1 Xual khau gd cua VN vao rhi Iruimg My cang gap nhidu rao 29 can 1.4.2 Vwyt rao can se rhuc day xudl khau gd cua VN, mang lai nhieu loi ich doi vdi nen kinh rd vd cac doanh nghiep 30 1.4.3 Cac doanh nghiep gd VN co kha nang vinyl qua cac rao can doi vdi san pham gd tren rhi rrw&ng My 32 CHUONG 2: THUG VUOT • TRANG • • RAO CAN DOI VOI SAN X ô PHAM GO VIET ã NAM TREN THI• TRUONG MY .35 2.1 Khai quat tinh hinh xuat khiu go caa ViCt Nam sang thi truong My 35 2.1.1 Thwc trang nhap khau san pham gd cua My ■ 35 2.1.2 Tinh hinh xual kh&u san pham gd cua ViiCt Nam sang My 37 2.2 Cac rOo cnn thuong mai cha ytu trnn thi truong My doi voi snn pham go ViCt Nam 44 2.2.1 Rao can thud quan cua My 44 2.2.2 Rao can phi thud quan cua My 45 2.3 Thuc trang vuot rOo cnn doi vol snn pham go VN trnn thi troOng My caa cac DN go ViCt Nam 53 2.4 Danh gia chung ve thuc trang vuot rOo cnn thuong mai trnn thi truong My doi voi snn phim go ViCt Nam 58 2.4.1 Nhdng uu diem rrong viCc vuor rao can rren rhi trufrng My cua cac DN gd ViCr Nam 58 2.4.2 Nhung mar ton rai rrong viCc vuor rao can rren rhi triu&ng My cua cac DN gd VN va nguyen nhan 61 2.4.2.1 Nhicng mat ton tai 61 2.4.2.2 Nguyen nhan cua nhicng ton tai 63 CHUONG 3: GIAI PHAP DAY MANH CONG TAC VUOT • • RAO CAN DOI VOI SAN PHAM GO VIET • NAM TREN THI• TRUONG MY 66 3.1 Dinh hiring xuat khau go cua Viet Nam vao thi trirdug My 66 3.1.1 Chien Iwere phat trien cua nganh go Viet Nam den nam 2020 66 3.1.2 Muc tieu cua nganh go Viet Nam 68 3.1.2.1 Muc tieu tong quat 68 3.1.2.2 Muc tieu cu the 68 3.1.3 Die bao nhu cau tieu thu san pham go cua thi truirng My den nam 2020 70 3.2 Co’ hoi va thach thirc doi voi cac DN go VN xuat khau vao thi trirong My 72 3.2.1 Cor hoi doi vori cac DN go VN xuat khau vao thi trud’ng My 72 3.2.2 Thach thirc doi vdi cac DNgo VN khixuat khau vao thi tru'img My24 3.3 Dinh hird’ng co" ban viec vuot rao can doi voi san pham go VN tren thi trirong My 78 3.4 Nhirng giai phap chu yeu nham day manh vuot rao can doi vd*i san pham go VN tren thi tru-erng My 80 3.4.1 Giaiphap tirphia doanh nghiep go Viet Nam 80 3.4.1.1 Doi veri rao can ve thu tuc hai quan 80 r \ r i 3.4.1.3 Doi vdi rao can ve He thong tieu chuan cua My 83 r 3.4.1.4 Doi voi nguy ccr bi kien ban pha gid 84 3.4.1.5 Doi vdi rao can ve bao ve moi trud’ng 90 3.4.2 Kien nglii doi vdi Nha nude 92 3.4.2.1 Day manh cai each, tich eye van dong cac vien WTO cong nhan Viet Nam la nude co nen kinh te thi trudng 92 3.4.2.2 Hoan thien he thong van ban quy pham phap luat va cac van ban dudi luat lien quan den viec vuyt qua cac rao can doi vdi san pham go 93 3.4.2.3 Chu dong va san sang ho try doanh nghiep doi vdi cac rao can thuemg mai cua My 95 3.4.2.4 Nha nude can chu nang cao nang luc damphan vdi My 97 3.4.3 Kien nghi doi vdi Hiep hoi go va lam san Viet Nam Vifores 98 3.4.3.1 Nang cao nang luc thu thap va xu ly thong tin ve thi trudng, rao can thuemg mai 98 3.4.3.2 Nang cao vai trd cua Hiep hoi Vifores viec xue tien tim thi trudng mdi cho san pham go tren thi trudng My 99 3.4.3.3 Nang cao vai trd cua Hiep hoi Vifores viec chu dong phdng chong cac vu kien thuemg mai tren thi trudng My 99 3.4.3.4 Day manh quan he hyp tac giua Hiep hoi go Viet Nam Vifores va Hiep hoi go cua nude My 100 3.4.3.5 Tieu chuan hoa Quoc te Nhan sinh thai 101 KET LUAN 102 DANH MUC • TAI LIEU • THAM KHAO 104 DANH MUC CAC CH L VIET TAT DN : Doanh nghiep DNVN : Doanh nghiep Viet Nam CN : Cdng nghiep NST : Nhan sinh thai XK : Xuat khau XNK : Xuat nhap khau COC : Chain of Custody - ChuSi hanh trinh san pham DOC : Department of Commerce - Bo Thuong mai Hoa Ky FDI : Foreign Direct Investment - Dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai FSC : Forest Stewardship Council - Hoi dong quan ly rung quoc te GAP : Good Agricultural Practice - Tieu chuan thue hanh nong nghiep HAWA: Handicraft and Wood Industry Association Hiep hoi go va my nghe TP.HCM TBT : Technical Barrier to trade - Rao can ky thuat TMQT: Thuong mai quoc te WTO : World Trade Organization - To chuc thuong mai the gidi WWF : World Wildlife Fund - To chuc Bao ton Doi sOng Hoang da DANH MUC BANG Trang Bang 2.1: Tdng kim ngach nhap khau san pham go cua My 2001 - 2008, (trieu USD) 35 Bang 2.2: Kim ngach nhap khau san pham gd cua My tu mot so nunc xuat khau chinh, (trieu USD) 36 Bang 2.3: Kim ngach Viet Nam xuat khau san pham gd sang My 2001 -2008, (trieu USD) 38 Bang 2.4: Thi trubng xudt khau gd cua Viet Nam (6 thang dau nam 2009) 41 Bang 2.5 So sanh muc luong lao dong nganh noi thdt cua cac nude 2005 51 Bang 3.1: Muc tieu tang trirong nganh gd (2010 - 2020) 69 Bang 3.2: Du bao toe tang trudng xudt khdu gd sang Hoa Ky (2009-2020) 71 DANH MUC HINH Trang Hinh 2.1: Thi ph&n san ph^m gd tai My nam 2008 (% tinh theo tri gia) 37 Hinh 2.2: Giay chung nhan FSC cua Cong ty AA (2 trang) 55 JJ TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN * * * PHAM THI HANG RAO CAN THUONG MAI CUA MY DOI V6l SAN PHAM GO CUA VIET NAM CHUYEN NGANH: QUAN TRI KINH DOANH QUOC TE TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY HA NOI, 2009 i TOM TAT LUAN VAN Mat hang gd la mot mat hang chu lire cua Viet Nam, san phdm go co gia tri rat cao, dem lai nhieu lqi nhuan Trong do, My la thi trudng xuat khau go ldn nhat cua Viet Nam nhirng nam gan day Tuy nhien, My lai dat rat nhieu rao can thuong mai nhim bao ho nen san xuat go nude cung nhu han chd xudt khau gd cua cac nude khac vao Tren co sd nay, de tai “Rao can thuong mai cua My doi vdi san phdm gd cua Viet Nam” duoc lira chon Hien nay, co mot sd luan van thac sy, tien sy cung da thue hien cac nghien cun vd rao can thuong mai nhirng chua cd de tai nao nghien cun rao can doi vdi san pham gd Viet Nam tren thi trudng My Muc dich nghien cun cua de tai la de xuat cac bien phap vuot rao can thuong mai cua My doi vdi san pham gd Viet Nam ddn nam 2020 Ddi tuong nghien cun cua dd tai la cac rao can thuong mai cua My ddi vdi san pham gd Viet Nam va cac bien phap vuot cac rao can thuong mai quoc td Dd tai dd cap ddn van de vuot rao can thuong mai ddi vdi san pham gd cua Viet Nam tren thi trudng My tren giac cac doanh nghiep gd Viet Nam la chu ydu Dd tai tap trang nghien cuu giai doan tu nam 2001 - tuc la tu Hiep dinh thuong mai song phuong Viet - My duoc ky ket va cd hieu lire, ddn het nam 2008 va dd xuat cac giai phap ddn hdt nam 2020 Ket cau de tai gom chircmg: - Chuong 1: Co sd ly luan ve rao can va vuot rao can thuong mai quoc td - Chuong 2: Thue trang vuot rao can ddi vdi san phdm gd Viet Nam tren thi trudng My 93 truong cua Viet Nam vdi My de ho cong nhan quy che thi trudng Viet Nam trudc nam 2018 de loai bo nguy co bi kien ban pha gia ddi vdi san pham gd xuat khau sang thi trudng My 3.4.2.2 Hoan thi$n he thong van ban quy pham phap luat ua cac van ban dudi luat lien quaq den vien vuqt qua nan rVo nap doi vdi sap phdm gdCac quy dinh he thdng phap luat nudc ve xuat khau va vuot rao can ddi vdi san pham gd phai phu hop vdi cac quy dinh Hiep dinh cua WTO va duoc cu the chi tidt cho cac loai san pham gd khac nhau, can co nhung quy dinh ro rang va cu the he thdng phap luat nudc de buoc cac doanh nghiep phai thuc hien Cu the cdn hoan thien he thdng cac van ban luat va van ban dudi luat dudi cac khia canh sau: Ban hanh nhung quy dinh xu ly nghiem nhung doanh nghiep nhap khau gd nguydn lieu tu cac nudc khac ma khong co nguon gdc xuat xu go Tidu chuan vd nguon gdc, xuat xu gd duoc cac nudc tren thd gidi dang rat coi va xu phat rat nghiem Vi thd tu ddu Nha nudc phai ban hanh quy dinh vd xu phat gd nhap lau de tranh viec doanh nghiep su dung gd co nguon gdc khong ■> r os t •> r ro rang de san xuat san pham gd xuat khau sang cac nudc khac, dac biet la My Ban hanh cac quy dinh vd tidu chuan moi trudng ap dung ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep san xuat va xuat khau gd, dac biet la cac doanh nghiep su dung hoa chat tay rua, xu ly san pham gd khong theo cac quy dinh cua WTO r ot r r cung nhu cac nudc tren thd gidi, dan ddn du luong hoa chat lai tren san pham vuot qua muc cho phep xuat khau san pham gd sang cac nudc khac, co hai cho moi trudng noi chung va suc khoe cua ngudi tieu dung noi rieng va xuat khau san pham sang cac nudc khac thi nguy co bi phat va tich thu san pham rat cao, anh hudng ddn uy tin, loi nhuan cua doanh nghiep do, cung nhu cac doanh nghiep khac 94 Hien nay, chi mot so it doanh nghiep ap dung cac tieu chuan ve moi truong qua trinh san xuat san pham, rat nhieu doanh nghiep khong coi tieu chuan nay, ho dat loi nhuan len tren het cac tieu chu£n vi moi truong, Trong viec ap dung cac tieu chuan chua dong bo, gay anh huong chung den thuong hieu san pham go Viet Nam Trong che tai xu ly long leo, chi mang tinh chat hanh chinh, chua anh huong ldn den cac doanh nghiep bi vi pham Ddi vdi cac co quan truyln thong cln day manh tuyen truyln hon nua yr r r r su can thiet phai xay dung cac he thong quan ly chat luong, boi chat luong nam o moi nguoi, moi bo phan mot to chuc o moi linh vuc Ban hanh cac quy dinh cu the ve vai tro, nhiem vu cua Hiep hoi go va lam san Trong nghi dinh ND88/2003 cua Chinh phu ve viec lap cac Hiep hoi thi vai tro va nhiem vu cua Hiep hoi noi chung va Hiep hoi gd va lam san nOi rieng chi duoc quy dinh mot cach khai quat Do do, vai tro cua Hiep hoi chua duoc phat huy tdt de hd tro cho doanh nghiep xuat khau san pham nudc ngoai, cac doanh nghiep lai rat can den Hiep Hiep hoi cac van ban luat va dudi luat de hd tro cho cac doanh nghiep vuot qua cac rao can thuong mai Chinh phu can ho tro kip thoi ve mat chinh sach Do hien cach giao rung cho dan qua manh mun nen rat kho ap dung tieu chuan FSC Trung binh moi ho dan chi duoc giao - 4ha rung vdi kich thudc chilu ngang 10m, chieu mot dien tich rung kha di co the lam chung nhan FSC duoc Vi vay, neu khong co bien phap cai thien, thi mong muon co 30% rung duoc chung nhan vao nam 2020 la kho kha thi Do do, trudc mat, cac DN vin phai tiep tuc nhap 95 do, can co su hd tro kip thdi vd mat chinh sach cua Chinh phu, bang each day manh dien tich rung trdng thong qua ngudn chinh: Nha nudc ddu tu rung, huy dong rung trong nhan dan va DN tu trdng rung dd chu dong ngudn nguyen lieu Ben canh do, Chinh phu cung phai tidn hanh chi dao viec soan thao cac luat va cac van ban dudi luat lien quan ddn tieu chudn, chit luong san pham cua Viet Nam qua trinh hoi nhap Tao hanh lang phap ly tot nhat cho cac doanh nghiep, co sd dd ho co the dap ung duoc cac yeu cau vd mat nang cao chat luong, uy tin cua san pham Them vao la dao tao, tao didu kien hd tro de dao tao ngudn lire cho linh vuc tieu chuan chat luong Lam dupe didu dd se giup chung ta tidn den xay dung dupe mot he thong cac tieu chuan san pham cua Viet Nam dd san xuat cung nhu vuon thi trudng thd gidi 3.4.2.3 Chu dong vd san sang ho tror doanh nghiep ddi vdi cac rao cdn thuong mai cua My Can phai xac dinh ro viec ddi va tim each vuot rao can cua cac nudc nhap khdu la viec ma cac doanh nghiep phai chu dong, kd ca viec khdi kien cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai ban pha gia tai nudc ta hoac dd xuat vdi cac co quan quan ly Nha nudc de xay dung cac rao can hay hd tro dd doanh nghiep vuot rao can Cac co quan quan ly Nha nudc can co sir hau thudn vd moi mat cho doanh nghiep dd chu dong va sin sang ddi mot each hieu qua vdi cac rao can thuong mai phi ly nhu xay dung, su dung va van dung cac bien phap co thd de bao ve loi Ich chinh dang cua doanh nghiep va ngudi tieu dung 96 Ddi vdi cac rao can vd ngudn gdc xudt xu gd thi Chinh phu can cd chd tai xu phat nghiem khac de tranh tinh trang nhap khau nguydn lieu gd lau tran lan, anh hudng ddn uy tin, chdt luong san pham gd xuat khau Ddi vdi nguy co bi kien ban pha gia thi bo Cong nghiep cdn chu dong nghien cuu va xay dung cac tidu chuan va bien phap ky thuat phu hop vdi r r thong le qudc td, chu cong tac du bao thi trudng de tranh nguy co bi kien Cong tac hd tro cua Nha nudc ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep san xudt san phdm gd xudt khdu nhidu han chd Nha nudc ddng vai trd rdt quan trong viec chuan bi ddi vdi nguy co san phdm xudt khdu cua nganh gd VN bi luat chong ban pha gia cua My va cac nudc khac de doa Do do, nha nudc cdn tidp tuc nghien cuu thuc hien cac bien phap hd tro hieu qua vd von, thdng tin, cho cac DN chd bidn gd Trong tuong lai gdn, Nha nudc nen td chuc nhom nghien cuu mot each nghiem tuc va sau ky vdn dd chdng ban pha gia mot du an uu tidn nghien cuu vd canh tranh vdi su tham gia cua cac nha quan ly, cac hiep hoi doanh nghiep va dac biet la cac luat su va ngoai nudc dd giam thieu nguy co bi kien ban pha gia, ddng thdi chuan bi tot de ddi ndu viec bi kien xay Ben canh phai cung co nang luc vd tai chinh cung nhu mat nhan sir va cac co quan nha nudc khau chuan bi cac so lieu can thiet de kip ddi phia My de cap den van de xuat khau gd Viet Nam Phia Viet X X Nam cung can phai chuan bi va chung minh rang ho khong ban pha gia phia cac doanh nghiep My kien ho va cdn phai luon luon chuan bi sin Bo Thuong mai va cac doanh nghiep dd gd phai kiem soat rdt chat nhung hop ddng tarn nhap va tai xuat dd gd tir nudc thu sang My dd tranh viec cac nudc xudt khau vao My gdp kho khan, muon xuat xu Viet Nam dd xudt khdu 97 Doi voi rao can vd mdi trudng thi chinh phu can ho tro cac doanh nghiep sir dung nhan mac sinh thai dd vupt qua rao can Hien nay, thi trudng My dang canh tranh rat quydt liet khung hoang kinh te do yeu to moi r a trudng cang dupc de cao hon bao gid het va se la cac rao can ky thuat kinh doanh qudc td hien Tang cudng cac diem hoi dap vd rao can ky thuat, can bo tu van can co trinh chuyen mon tdt, nam ro dupc nhung quy dinh, thdng tin vd rao can thuong mai dd tu vdn cho cac doanh nghiep thdng tin kip thdi, chinh xac Trong mot vu kien vd chong ban pha gia, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam bi kien thuong phai tra loi mot bang cau hoi lien quan ddn cac chi phi qua trinh san xuat nhu chi phi nguyen vat lieu, chi phi luong, chi phi quan ly, chi phi luu thdng, Cac bang cau hoi thuong co yeu cau kha nghiem ngat vd chi tiet va thdi gian hoan Chinh dieu da gay cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam kha nhidu lung tung Vi thd cac doanh nghiep rat can ddn su tro giup cua can bo tu vdn de tranh nhung sai sot cd thd xay va ? < t r •> co thd anh hudng ddn san pham xuat khau Tuy nhien, Chinh phu Viet Nam cdn chu dong va tidn lieu trudc nhung phan tich cua DOC va xac dinh cac loai hinh tro cap cd thd bi kien 3.4.2.4 Chu nang cao nang lye dam phan vdi My Day manh dam phan vdi My nham tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho hang hoa Viet Nam dd cd mat hang go, tham nhap vao thi trudng My Day cung la co hoi de dd bo cac rao can thuong mai qudc te, giup cac doanh Viet Nam can nhanh chong dam phan vdi My, sdm gianh quy chd uu dai thud quan cap (GSP) dd hang hoa Viet Nam tidp can thi trudng My tdt 98 hon Khi do, Viet Nam dupc hudng mure thue quan giam dang kd, co the tu muc 50% xuong 0% 3.4.3 Kien nghi doi vdi Hiep hoi go va lam san Viet Nam Vifores 3.4.3.1 Nang cao nang luc thu thap va xu ly thdng tin ve thi trudng, rao cdn thuerng mai Hiep hoi phai lap hoac cung cd bo phan thong tin cua Hiep hoi dd thu thap va xu ly thong tin co tinh chat chuyen nganh n'q cac thi trudng noi chung va thi trudng My noi rieng Vi muon cho cac doanh nghiep gd vuot qua duoc cac rao can thuong mai qudc td thi phai bidt duoc rao can la gi, r r r nhu thd nao va bien phap khac phuc hay ddi sao? Tuy nhien phan ldn cac thdng tin thu thap dupe chi la thdng tin vd thi trudng nudc va cac chinh sach thuong mai noi dia chu chua tidp can dupc cac thdng tin chuyen sau phuc vu cho viec xuat khau san pham thi trudng cac nudc tren thd gidi Ben canh dd, Hiep hoi dai dien cho doanh nghiep xuat khau phai chu dong tham gia cac cuoc hop cua Uy ban Chdng ban pha gia WTO, vi hang nam ho ddu cd thao luan ve tinh hinh thi trudng tung nudc, dua cac bao cao danh gia va khuydn nghi Nhung thdng tin rat can cho doanh nghiep Hien nay, chung ta cdn chua dupc cong nhan la mot nudc co nen kinh te thi trudng ma chi dupc cong nhan la mot nudc dang phat tridn d trinh thap Hiep hoi Vifores cdn phai chu dong thu thap vd tinh hinh thi trudng va gia ca d mot nudc thu ba, co trinh tuong duong vdi chung ta dd co thd chu dong viec hau kien vdi cac vu kien chdng ban pha gia va chdng tro cap cho cd loi cho doanh nghiep gd Viet Nam Dong thdi, can thu thap ddy du thdng tin dd dau tranh ddi hudng chd GSP ddi vdi cac nudc dang phat tridn 99 d trinh thdp Do cdn nang cao tinh chuyen nghiep viec thu thap va xu ly thong tin vd san pham go va thi truong gd tren thi trudng My noi rieng r 3.4.3.2 Nang cao vai trd cua Hiep hoi Vifores viec xuc tien tim thi truong mdi cho san phdm go tren thi trudng My Hoi tro, tridn lam la kenh tidp thi, tim doi tac quan vdi ngudi mua va ngudi ban Hoi tro, tridn lam thudng mang lai hieu qua rd rang va true tiep nhdt San pham dd gd Viet Nam hien co mat tai 120 qudc gia tren thd gidi, My chiem ty nhap khdu cao nhat Do do, Hiep hoi gd Viet Nam cdn nang cao hieu qua cong tac xuc tidn XK, day manh xuc tidn thuong mai cap cao, thu hut dau tu cua cac tap doan da qudc gia vao cac linh vuc san xudt hang XK nhieu tidm nang Ddi mdi cong tac td chuc cac chuong trinh xuc tidn thuong mai theo hudng chu khdu td chuc va cung cap thdng tin thi trudng, giam bdt cac chuong trinh khao sat thi trudng nho le Cdn cd co chd phoi hop giua cac Bo, nganh quan ly va cac Hiep hoi nganh hang dd tao su thdng nhdt chi dao dieu hanh Nha nudc cdn cd su hd tro nhdt vd tai chinh cho hoat dong cua Hiep hoi Cac Bo, nganh va Hiep hoi cdn phdi hop td chuc mang ludi thdng tin du bao tinh hinh thi trudng, gia ca, cung cdu hang hoa d thi trudng nudc va nudc ngoai cung cap cho cac hoi vien va doanh nghiep 3.4.3.3 Nang cao vai trd cua Hiep hoi Vifores viec chu dong phong chong cac vu kien thuong mai tren thi trudng My De phong chong cac vu kien thuong mai tren thi trudng My thi cdn phai hieu chinh sach thud cua thi trudng My Day la mot nhung buoc quan de tu ve trudc nguy co bi kien pha gia Ddi vdi thi trudng tu (free market) va thi trudng md (open market), net khac co ban la thi trudng tu khong kem theo bdt cu quy tic nao, nhung thi trudng md thudng 100 kem theo nhirng quy tic nhit dinh Vdi thi trudng md la My, can lun y quy tic chdng ban pha gia Hiep hoi va doanh nghiep cin phdi hop cac vu kien chdng ban pha gia va luon phai dat cong thuc “phong hon chdng” len hang dau Bdi da bi dinh vao kien thi kho gianh dirge phan thang Thirdng thi, da bi My kien \ r \ pha gia la ta thua vi hau nhir 95% ket luan tir nguyen don deu dirge Bo Thirong mai My cong nhan Trong Viet Nam bo hang trieu USD de theo duoi vu kien va 2,3 nam do, chung ta khong dam tiep tuc xuit khau va bi mat nhidu khach hang Do do, tirong lai doanh nghiep nen phai dua nhieu vao Hiep hoi chuyen gia gidi giup thiet ke each van hanh dd chdng lai cac vu kien thirong mai tir thi trirdng My Ddng thdi can tang cirdng ngudn nhan luc cd trinh cho Hiep hoi cho tuong xung vdi sir phat trien san xudt kinh doanh va xuat khau cua nganh gd Dd cd thd xu ly vdn de ban pha gia hieu qua va phu hgp vdi thdng le qudc td, edn phai rdt coi trgng viec dao tao mot doi ngu can bo chuyen trach cd trinh cao, ddng thdi tuyen truydn cho cac doanh nghiep cd nhirng hidu biet nhat dinh vd quyen cua ho ddi vdi viec tidn hanh dieu tra ap dung thud chdng ban pha gia, nghTa vu cua ho qua trinh tham gia dieu tra 3.4.3.4 Day manh quan he hap tdc giica Hiep hoi go Viet Nam Vifores vd Hiep hoi go cua nuac My Hiep hoi gd Viet Nam edn tham gia vao cac td chuc hoSc hiep hoi nganh gd qudc td nham thu thap dugc nhung thdng tin edn thiet cho nganh 101 hang vd chinh sach thue, hoi tro, cac vu kien thirong mai, cac quy dinh, quy chd mdi ddi vdi nganh gd, ddng thdi hoc hoi duoc nhung kinh nghiem quan ly, chdng ban pha gia, cua cac Hiep hoi khac tren thd gidi, dac biet la nudc My Tu do, phat huy dupe sue manh cua Hiep hoi gd Viet Nam, tao dupc uy tin tren thi trudng qudc te bang viec ddng gop nhung y kien, de xuat ddi vdi viec phat trien cua Hiep hoi Do do, nganh go nudc bi vudng phai vu kien thuong mai vd gd thi se cd su giup cua cac Hiep hoi gd tren the gidi nhu: thdng tin, kinh nghiem cua cac Hiep hoi, 3.4.3.5 Tieu chuan hoa Qudc te Nhan sinh thdi Nhan sinh thai la mot nhung bidu tupng vd bao ve mdi trudng Hien nay, sir canh tranh toan cau cang trd nen gay gat, cac yeu td mdi trudng da va dang cd nguy co bi lpi dung de lam cac rao can ky thuat thuong mai qudc td Nhidu thi trudng xuat khau ldn cua Viet Nam, cd My da yeu cau cd nhan sinh thai ddi vdi hang nhap khau, nhan sinh thai dang gay phien toai va da thuc sir trd cac rao can ky thuat cho thuong mai Khi ap dung cac tieu chuan nhan sinh thai thi duong nhien cac DNVN cd thd tidn vao cac nudc San pham cd NST phai dam bao khong huy hoai mdi trudng va anh hudng tdt doi vdi sue khoe ngudi Tuy nhien, mot didu nua can phai noi rang mdi nudc cd mot tieu chuan NST rieng, vi thd phai cd mot td chuc Tieu chuan Qudc td dua tieu chuan NST chung nhat Hiep hoi gd Viet Nam se phai tang cudng tuyen truyen vd viec ap dung nhan sinh thai ddi vdi cac san pham ma doanh nghiep san xudt nham bao ve mdi trudng, bao ve sue khoe ngudi tieu dung 102 KET LUAN Hien nay, nganh go la mot nhirng nganh xuat khau chu lire cua Viet Nam Doi voi go xuat khau Viet Nam, My la thi trucmg Ion, toc tang truong nhanh, dac biet tir sau thai didm Hiep dinh Thuong mai Viet - My co hieu luc (ngay 10/12/2001) Dac biet la sau Viet Nam da la vien cua to chuc thd giai WTO (ngay 11/01/2007) Theo thdng ke thi ngudi tieu dung My tieu thu khoang 75 ty USD cho go mdi nam Tuy nhien, day cung la mot thi trudng kho tinh va co rat nhieu rao can thuong mai gay anh hudng hoi phai nghien cuu thi trudng My va cac rao can thuong mai My dung ldn dd day manh viec xudt khau san phdm gd sang My Tuy nhien, cong tac vuot rao can cdn nhidu han che De ddi va chu dong vuot qua rao can thi cac doanh nghiep gd Viet Nam da neu len mot sd giai phap nham vuot rao can thuong mai cua My nhu: tuan thu chinh xac x r \ r va cap nhat thdng tin vd thu tuc hai quan; chu den nguon gdc nguyen lieu gd; xay dung he thdng quan ly chdt luong theo tieu chuan qudc td; nang cao gia tri gia tang cho san phdm gd xudt khdu; ndm vung quy dinh vd phap 103 luat chong ban pha gia cua My; tang cuong hoat dong nghien curu thi truong, xuc tien thuong mai, xay dung thuong mai; lien doanh vdi cac doi tac chien luoc; hoan thien bo may td chuc doanh nghiep; hudng den yeu to bao ve moi truong Ben canh cac bien phap vuot rao can cua doanh nghiep go Viet Nam thi Nha nudc va Hiep hoi gd Vifores cdn phai ho tro doanh nghiep gd Viet Nam Nhung kien nghi doi vdi Nha nudc nhu ddy manh cai cach, tich cuc van dong cong nhan Viet Nam la nen kinh te thi truong; hoan thien he thong van ban phap luat; hd tro doanh nghiep doi vdi cac rao can thuong mai cua My; day manh nang luc dam phan vdi My Nhung kien nghi doi vdi Hiep hoi gd Vifores nhu nang cao nang luc thu thap va xu ly thong tin vd thi truong, rao can thuong mai, nang cao vai tro cua Hiep hoi Vifores viec xuc tien tim thi truong mdi cho san pham gd tren thi truong My; nang cao vai tro cua Hiep hoi Vifores viec chu dong phong chdng cac vu kien thuong mai tren thi truong My; day manh quan he hop tac vdi cac Hiep hoi gd cua nudc My; tieu chuan hoa quoc te nhan sinh thai Nhung giai phap tu phia Doanh nghiep xuit khau san pham gd Viet Nam cung nhu nhung kien nghi doi vdi Chinh phu, hiep hoi gd Vifores nham giup cac doanh nghiep xuit khiu gd Viet Nam vuot qua cac rao can thuong mai cua My Tuy nhien, cac rao can doi vdi san pham gd d thi truong My cang phuc tap va kho nhan biet nen viec nghien cuu rao can phai duoc tien hanh lien tuc de co thd dua duoc cac bien phap kip thoi 104 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • Tieng Viet Dd Due Binh, Nguyen Thuong Lang (2002), Kinh te qudc te, NXB Lao dong - Xa hoi, Ha Noi Nguyen Thi Huong (2001), Giao trinh kinh doanh qudc te, tap 1, NXB Thdng ke, Ha Noi Nguyen Thi Hudng (2003), Giao trinh kinh doanh qudc te, tap 2, NXB Lao dong - Xa hoi, Ha Noi Dinh V