THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
NG DAI HOC KINH TE QliOC DAN I* sjc -fc * PHAM THI MINH HAI DAIJ TUTRUC I IEP CUA NHAT BAN VAC) • • CONG NGHIEP DIEN H VIET NAM DEN NAM 2020 LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • ■J LOI CAM DOAN Toi cam doan rang, luan van Thac sy kinh te chuyen nganh Kinh te the gioi va Quan he kinh te quoc te (Kinh te doi ngoai) vdi de tai “Dau tir true tiep cua Nhat Ban vao cong nghiep dien tir Viet Nam den nam 2020" la cong trinh nghien ciru cua rieng toi Nhtrng so lieu dirge sir dung dirge chi rd nguon trich dan danh muc tai lieu tham khao Ket qua nghien cuu luan van la trung thirc va ehira dirge cong bo bat ky cong trinh nghien cuu nao tir trirdc den Tac gia luan van Pham Thi Minh Hai MUC LUC • • DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG VA BlEU DO TOM TAT LUAN VAN LOI MO DAU CHUONG MOT SO VAN DE CO BAN VE DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUO’C NGOAI VAO NGANH CONG NGHIEP DIEN TU 1.1 Mot so van de chung ve cong nghiep dien tu va vai tro cua FDI Nhat Ban ddi vdi cong nghiep dien tu Viet Nam 1.1.1 Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao nganh cong nghiep dien tu 1.1.2 Cac nhan to anh hurdng den dau tu true tiep nude ngoai linh virc cong nghiep dien hr 1.1.3 Loi the cua Viet Nam viec thu hut FDI cua Nhat Ban vao nganh CN-DT 12 1.1.4 Tam quan cua viec thu hut dau tu true tiep cua Nhat Ban vao cong nghiep dien tu Viet Nam .13 1.2 Kinh nghiem thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao nganh CN-DT d mot so nude va hai hoc cho Viet Nam 21 1.2.1 Kinh nghiem ve thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai vao nganh CNDT d Malaysia va Thai Lan 21 1.2.2 Bai hoc kinh nghiem ddi vdi Viet Nam 27 CHUONG TINH HINH DAU TU TRUC TIEP CUA NHAT BAN VAO CONG NGHIEP DIEN TU VIET NAM 32 2.1.1 inh hinh chung ve dau tu true tiep cua Nhat Ban tai Viet Nam 32 2.1.1 Dau tu true tiep cua Nhat Ban theo nganh 33 2.1.2 Dau tu true tiep cua Nhat Ban theo viing lanh tho 34 2.1.3 Qui mo va hinh tlnic dau tu 36 2.2 Thue trang dau tu true tiep cua Nhat Ban vao cong nghiep dien tu Viet Nam 39 2.2.1 Dae diem ve nganh CN-DT Viet Nam va Nhat Ban 39 2.2.2 Qui mo va hinh thuc dau tu cua Nhat Ban vao CN-DT Viet Nam 44 2.2.3 Co can dau tu theo lanh tho 48 2.2.4 Co cau cac mat hang san xuat 50 2.3.4.Mot so doanh nghiep FDI tieu bieu cua Nhat Ban linh vuc CN- DT b Viet Nam 56 2.3 Danh gia khai quat boat dong dau tu true tiep cua Nhat Ban nganh CN-DT b Viet Nam thbi gian qua 58 2.3.1 Nhtrng ket qua dat dirge 58 2.3.2 Mot so han che va nguyen nhan 60 CHUONG PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP THU HUT FDI CUA NHAT BAN VAO CONG NGHIEP BIEN TU VIET NAM DEN NAM 2020.67 3.1 Phirong huong va trien vong phat trien CN-DT Viet Nam den nam 2020 67 3.1.1 Phirong huong phat trien cong nghiep dien tu Viet Nam den nam 2020 67 3.1.2 Trien vong thu hut FDI Nhat Ban nham phat trien nganh CN-DT Viet Nam den nam 2020 69 3.2 Giai phap thu hut FDI cua Nhat Ban vao CN-DT Viet Nam den nam 2020.73 3.2.1 Cai thien moi trirbng phap ly .73 3.2.2 Tang cubng dau tu xay dung phat trien co sb tang, dac biet la b cac khu cong nghiep khu che xuat 75 3.2.3 Dao tao ngubn nhan lire co chat lirong cao cho nganh CN-DT .77 3.2.4 Phat trien nganh cong nghiep ho tro cho nganh CN-DT 78 2.5 Thue hien tot cong tac xue tien quang ba va xav dung chien luge thu hut dau tu 81 3.3 Mot so kien nghi nham phat trien cong nghiep dien tu Viet Nam den nam 2020 .82 3.3.1 Doi vbi hiep hoi doanh nghiep dien tu Viet Nam (VEIA) 82 3.3.2 Doi vbi Bo ke hoach va dau tu 83 3.3.3 Doi vbi cac Doanh nghiep Dien tu Viet Nam 85 KET LUAN 87 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 89 ANH MUC CAC TU VIET TAT r r r Cac tir viet tat tieng Anh STT Nghia day du Ky hieu Tieng Viet Tieng Anh AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations Khu vuc mau dich tir ASEAN Hiep hoi cac Quoc gia Ddng Nam A FDI Foreign direct investment Dau tir true tiep nude ngoai J ETRO Japanese External Trade Organization Hiep hoi xue tien thirong mai Nhat Ban ODA Official Development Assistance Ho try phat trien chinh there R& D VEIA WTO Research and development Vietnam Electronic Industries Association World Trade Organization Nghien cuu va phat trien liep hoi doanh nghiep dien tii' Viet Nam To chirc thucrng mai The gioi Cac tii- viet tat tieng Viet NghTa day du Ky hieu STT CN Cong nghiep CN-DT Cong nghiep dien tir DA Dir an DT Dau tir KCN Khu cong nghiep DANH MUC BANG BIEG,7 HOP • • Bang bieu Bang 2.1 Danh sach 10 quoc gia co von FDI Ion nhat tai Viet Nam 33 Bang 2.2 Dau tir true tiep cua Nhat Ban theo dia phuong giai doan 2005-2012 35 Bang 2.3 Qui mo von FDI Nhat Ban ITnh vuc CN-DT (giai doan 2000-2011) 45 Bang 2.4 Hinh there FDI cua doanh nghiep Nhat Ban nganh CN-DT 46 Bang 2.5 FDI Nhat Ban ITnh vuc CN-DT theo dia phuong (giai doan 2006- 2010) 49 Bang 2.6 Kim ngach xuat khau cac san pham dien tu cua doanh nghiep Nhat Ban51 Bang 2.7 Thi trirong nhap khau linh kien chinh cua Viet Nam (giai doan 2006- 201 I) 52 Bieu Bieu 1.1 Xu hudng san xuat cua nganh cong nghiep dientu Malaysia 24 Bieu 1.2 Dau tu cua Nhat Ban vao CN-DT cua Thai Lan 25 Bieu 2.1 Co cau qui mo von FDI cua Nhat Ban 36 Bieu 3.1 Giai phap thu hut FDI cua Nhat Ban vao CN -DT Viet Nam .81 Hop Hop 1.1 Thanh tun cua Sony 16 Hop 1.2 Khai niem cong nghiep ho tro 19 11 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN PHAM THI MINH HAI DAU TIT TRUC TIEP CUA NHAT BAN VAO • • CONG NGHIEP DIEN TUT VIET NAM DEN NAM 2020 Chuyen nganh: KINH TE DOI NGOAI TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY H A NOI-2013 CHUONG1 MOT SO VAN DE CO BAN VE DAU TU TRUC T1EP NUOC • • NGOAI VAO NGANH CONG NGHIEP DIEN TU • • r r a 1.1 Mot so van de chung ve cong nghiep dien tir va vai tro ciia FDI Nhat Ban doi voi cong nghiep dien tii’ Viet Nam Cac nganh cong nghiep dien tir tren toan the gidi la khu vuc phat trien nhat va rat da dang, no la sir tong quat bao gom cac nha san xuat nha cung cap thiet bi, cac phan ho tro (nhu linh kien dien tir may tinh thiet bi van phong thiet bi dien tir vien thong, cac thiet bi tieu dung va cong nghiep) cac vat lieu dien tir cho den cac nha ban buon ban le cac san pham dien tir Dae trirng cua nganh cong nghiep dien tir la rat phan tail, da dang, san pham cua nganh CN-DT la ket qua cua viec tich hop tuu khoa hoc cua nhieu linh vuc cong nghe cao Do vay da phan cac dir an linh vuc thirdng la cac du an dau tir co nguon von dau Hr ldn vbi cong nghe san xuat hien dai Mot nht'rng dac diem cd ban cua nganh CN-DT the gidi la tinh chuven mon hoa va toan can hoa: thay doi co cau san xuat va phirong there san xuat Theo cac cong ty va tap doan ldn chi tap trung san xuat vao mot so khau cd gia tri gia tang cao lai ho se thue cac cong ty khac san xuat Qua trinh san xuat mot san pham gom nhieu cong doan moi cong doan dupe thuc hien d mot qudc gia khac nhan theo lung veu cau va dieu kien cu the Dau tir linh vuc cong nghiep dien tir dang la xu hudng thu hut dau tu tuong lai vi cac san pham cua nganh deu cd gia tri gia tang cao Chu ky song cua san pham rat ngan qua trinh san xuat cac san pham dien tir sir dung it nguyen lieu tir nhien va nang lupng giam thieu dupe chi phi san xuat va it anh hudng den moi trubng Cd rat nhieu cac nhan to anh hudng den dau tu true tiep nude ngoai linh vuc cong nghiep dien tir va la cd the phan chia lam cac nhom nhu sau: 11 • Nhom nhan to thuoc moi trudng quoc te: nhu tinh hinh kinh te chinh tri xa hoi toan cam xu lurdng tieu dung san pham dien tu tuomg lai • Nhom nhan to lien quan den nude tiep nhan dau tu: nhu khung chinh sach phap luat lien quan den dau tu chinh sach xuat nhap khau san pham cua cong nghiep dien tu Viet Nam dupe cac chuyen gia the gidi danh gia cao ve cac loi the viec thu hut FDI cua Nhat Ban vao nganh CN-DT nhu: - Chinh tri on dinh loi the ve vi tri dia ly va moi quan he tot dep cua Viet Nam va Nhat Ban thdi gian qua - Nguon nhan lire ddi dao va chi phi re - Nganh CN-DT cua Viet Nam kern phat trien Nganh cong nghiep dien tu cua Nhat Ban la mot nhung nganh cong nghiep Idn va tien tien nhat tren the gidi vi vay viec thu hut nguon von FDI cua Nhat Ban dong mot vai tro quan vdi Viet Nam Cd the ke mot so vai tro nhu sau: • Tiep nhan dupe cong nghe tien tien kinh nghiem quan ly mang phong each Nhat Ban • Giai quyet van de viec lam va xay dung nguon nhan luc chat lupng cao • Gia tang gia tri kim ngach xuat khau va lam can bang can can toan quoc te • Gdp phan thuc day su phat trien cua nganh cong nghiep lid trp • Thay ddi co can nganh kinh te theo hudng cong nghiep hoa nude 1.2 Kinh nghiem thu hut dau tu- true tiep nude ngoai vao nganh CN-DT o’ mot • so nude va bai hoc • cho Viet • Nam Ben canh nhung phan tich tren tac gia xin dua nhung kinh nghiem cua Malaysia va Thai Lan vice thu hut FDI cua Nhat Ban vao nganh CN-DT thdi gian vua qua 76 cung cap nang lupng va chat lupng; so lirong cac cdng thdng tin dien tu ket noi quoc te; cac co so dao tao ky su nha quan ly kha nang cung cap lao dong cua dia phuong Theo khao sat cua Dien dan doanh nghiep Viet Nam co 89,2% doanh nghiep nudc ngoai va 83% doanh nghiep nirdc tong so 376 doanh nghiep dupe hoi deu danh gia co so tang cua Viet Nam d muc kern va rat kern Trong bao cao nang luc canh tranh quoc gia nam 2010 cua Dien dan kinh te the gidi co sd tang bi xep hang thap nhat bo chi so canh tranh cua Viet Nam Ngan hang hop tac quoc te Nhat Ban (JBIC) cho biet 600 doanh nghiep Nhat Ban dupe khao sat thi co sd tang cua Viet Nam van la trd ngai hang dau ho quyet dinh dau tu vao day Da so cac doanh nghiep Nhat Ban ITnh vuc CN-DT cho rang Viet Nam can cai thien he thong dudng xa sau la dien nang ben bai cang bien va cudi cung la he thong cap thoat nudc Hien Viet Nam nhan dupe nguon von vay ldn de phat trien tang giao thong tir nhieu to chuc nhu Ngan hang The gidi Ngan hang phat trien Chau A (ADB) va ngudn von ODA cua Nhat Ban Tuy nhien viec sir dung ngudn von lai bi han che bdi tinh hieu qua va nan tham nhung cac cdng trinh tang Day la thach thuc ldn cua Viet Nam va la mdi quan ngai hang dau cua cac nha tai tro Trong giai doan trudc mat, Viet Nam nen chu phat trien he thdng cac dudng cao toe noi giua cac khu cdng nghiep va san bay cang bien He thdng dudng bo xuyen quoc gia dudng bo noi giua Viet Nam va Thai Lan Trung Quoc Da phan cac doanh nghiep dien tu cua Nhat Ban tai Viet Nam la cac doanh nghiep cd qui md vua lao dong it nhung su dung may moc linh kien hien dai de tao cac san pham co gia tri gia tang cao Ho thudng dau tu va cac Khu CN- noi cd dieu kien co so vat chat hoan thien vay dieu kien quan de thu hut dau tu tu cac doanh nghiep Nhat Ban la phai xay dung va hoan thien cac khu cdng nghiep thi tien tdi quan ly nhd cd day du tang xa hoi khu CN gan lien vdi tieu cdng vien sinh thai Vi tri cua cac KCN phai thuan tien giao thdng tir ben bai den cang bien chinh sach khuyen khich uu dai doi vdi cac doanh nghiep Nhat Ban 77 dau tu vao cac KCN thuoc dia ban kho khan phai nhat quan xay dung dong bo tang va ngoai KCN Hien mo hinh xay dung khu CN chuyen sau duoc de xuat va nhan duoc nhieu y kien ung ho cua cac nha dau tu Nhat Ban Viet Nam nen tiep tuc thuc hien tot mo hinh Khu CN chuyen sau co nghia la KCN gan lien vbi cac dich vu tien ich gom: tang cung ( khu vuc san xuat.ho tro san xuat : dich vu kho bai ), tang mem (noi cung ung cac dich vu vbi gia ca minh bach nhu dich - vu phap ly hai quan logistics dich thuat ) Ben canh tang vien thong cung can phai duoc cai thien: nhu giam cubc vien thong nang cao anh ninh mang 3.2.3 Dao tao nguon nhan luc co chat luong cao cho nganh CN-DT Nganh CN-DT la mot nganh kha quan trong, la nganh co ham luong chat xam cao nen can co mot doi ngu nguon nhan luc xung tam vi vay nguon nhan luc phai di trubc mot bubc thi nganh dien tu mbi co the phat trien Mac du Viet Nam duoc danh gia la nubc co nguon lao dong doi dao nhan cong re nhung trinh hoc quan ly tay nghe cua ngubi lao dong lai thap Chinh phu can co cong tac soat va du bao nhu cau su dung nguon lao dong cac nganh de chu dong cong tac dao tao dac biet la cac nganh toan hoc may tinh che tao Tai Viet Nam diem yeu cua mot so linh vuc nganh cong nghiep thubng la thieu tai chinh nguon luc de mua trang thiet bi hien dai Tuv nhien theo quan diem cua da so cac nha dau tu Nhat Ban thi nguon nhan luc chat luong cao quan hon nhieu so vbi may moc cong nghe cao Mot cong ty co doi ngu lao dong tot nhung may moc cong nghe b muc trung binh van duoc danh gia cao vuot troi so vbi mot cong ty co may moc thuong hieu cao nhung cong nhan kem lanh nghe Cac chuyen gia Nhat Ban cho rang lap rap don gian hoac may moc hoat dong thubng xuyen se khong tao kha nang canh tranh quoc te vi bat cu mot quoc gia nao cung cO the lam duoc dieu Cac dang ky nang cua ngubi lao dong linh vuc dien tu duoc cac chuyen gia Nhat Ban danh gia cao gom: • Dong cac nha lanh dao ngubi co the quan ly va cai thien duoc toan bo qua trinh san xuat mot nha may 78 • Ky sir co kinh nghiem viec thiet ke san xuat va dieu chinh khuon mau cho hoan hao • Cong nhan lap rap san xuat tir minh lap rap duoc mot san pham hoan chinh hoac de xuat cac de cai thien thiet ke cac bo phan rieng le de qua trinh lap rap co hieu qua Mot thuc te rang hien cac doanh nghiep dien tu cua Viet Nam va doanh nghiep Nhat Ban chua co bat ky khoa dao tao nao ve thiet ke san pham dien tu va ban than cac trudng Dai hoc d Viet Nam cung chua co nganh Khong nhung can phai chu trong cong tac dao tao ma chung ta phai co chinh sach thu hut nhan tai tu ben ngoai, co chinh sach dai ngo rieng doi voi cac nha khoa hoc va ngoai nudc de tap trung nghien cuu che tao cac san pham mdi 3.2.4 Phat trien nganh cong nghiep ho tro’ cho nganh CN-DT Bai toan ve cac nganh ho tro ciia cong nghiep dien tu da duoc cac nha nghien cuu kinh te dua kha lau xong tren thuc te van dang rat dang Dai sir Nhat ong Mitsuo Sakaba nhan xet rang: Hien nay, 70-80% san pham phu tro ciia cac doanh nghiep san xuat lap rap van phai nhap khau, chi phi linh kien chiem 70-90% gia nhan cong lao dong chi chiem dudi 10% Nganh cong nghiep phu tro ciia Viet Nam chua cd gi, vua thieu vua yeu nhieu mat Day la dieu can trd cac doanh nghiep Nhat dau tu vao Viet Nam Trong suot mot thdi gian dai nen cong nghiep Viet Nam van phat trien dua tren khai thac tai nguyen va lao dong gia re chu chua chu y den ham luong gia tri gia tang ma cong nghiep ho tro mang lai Nha nude ta da chinh thirc ban hanh mot sd van ban nham day manh phat trien nganh cong nghiep ho tro nhu: Quyet dinh sd 34/2007/QD-BCN ve viec phe duvet Quy hoach phat trien cong nghiep lid tro giai doan den nam 2010, tam nhin den nam 2020 ciia Bo Cong Nghiep (nay la Bo Cong Thuong) Quyet dinh 12/2011/QD-TTg 24/02/2011 cua Thu Tudng Chinh Phu ve chinh sach phat trien mot sd nganh cong nghiep ho tro Trong nhtrng nam vira qua chung ta cung cd 79 nganh cdng nghiep hd tro nhung nhin chung van nhieu yeu kem manh mun va chua dap irng duoc nhu cau cua cac doanh nghiep dien tir nirdc De co the phat trien manh nganh cdng nghiep hd tro thdi gian tdi chung ta can tap trung vao mot sd bien phap sau: - I loan thien quy hoach tong the phat trien cdng nghiep hd tro: Thdi gian qua mac du chung ta da cd nhirng quy hoach tong the vdi cac muc tieu chung nhung khdng cd don vi nao chiu trach nhiem to chuc thuc hien, cac muc tieu de dan trai Nha nudc can phai cd sir dau tu ve tai chinh cdng nghe, nhan luc de tung budc hoan cac muc lieu da de - Cd cac chinh sach nham khuyen khich cac nha dau tu dau tu vao phat trien cdng nghiep hd tro: Cac chinh sach chinh can phai tap trung thay doi la: chinh sach ve dat dai, Chinh sach tin dung, Chinh sach thue va Chinh sach cho cac doanh nghiep nganh cdng nghiep - Nang cao chat lirong dao tao ngudn nhan luc cac nganh Muon dat muc tieu phat trien mot nganh cdng nghiep hd tro manh va hoat dong cd hieu qua tuong lai thi van de can ban nhat can dat phai la mot nganh CN cd thiet bi cdng nghe tien tien hien dai Muon vay, chat luong ngudn nhan luc phai khdng ngirng dupe nang cao De thuc hien dupe dieu nganh giao due va cac ban nganh cd lien quan phai dao tao dupe nhirng ky su cd du trinh ve ky thuat thuc hanh va thuc tien trang bi cho ho nhung kien thuc can biet ve cdng nghe hien dai; md rong lien ket dao tao giua cac trudng dai hoc nude va cac trudng dai hoc uy tin tren the gidi Dong thdi can cd sir nang cap co sd dao tao tir cac trudng dai hoc cho den cac trudng dao tao nghe de tirng budc nang cao chat lupng cua nguoi lao dong tuong lai Ngoai nha nude can danh mot phan ngan sach thda dang de cu nguoi di dao tao nirdc ngoai d nhirng quoc gia cd truyen thdng phat trien nganh CN hd tro nham tao ngudn nhan lire chat lupng cao cho viec phat trien cdng nghiep hd tro cua nirdc ta nhirng nam tiep theo - Tang cuong sir lien ket giua cac doanh nghiep nganh Can day manh sir lien ket giua doanh nghiep nudc vdi va giua cac doanh nghiep nudc 80 ngoai viec cung ling va san xuat cac san pham ho tro Can to chiic cac budi hoi thao ve phat trien cac san pham ho tro cua tung nganh tung linh vuc; to chtrc hoi cho trien lam ve san pham Thong qua lam cau noi giua doanh nghiep nudc va nudc ngoai lien ket vdi Day la hinh there rat hieu qua ma thong qua cac doanh nghiep nudc cd the tao them ban hang mdi md rong thi trudng tiep can duoc cong nghe hien dai de nang cao chat luong san pham ho tro cua minh Cac doanh nghiep nudc ngoai cung qua giam duoc gia san pham va giam bdt su phu thuoc vao thi trudng nudc ngoai - Hien dai hoa ket cau co sd tang phuc vu cho viec phat trien cac nganh cong nghiep ho tro cd lien quan Hien dai hda ket cau tang la mot nhung giai phap het sue quan trong viec day manh thu hut FDI de san xuat san pham ho trp Viec hien dai hda ket cau tang se gop phan giam bdt chi phi cho cac nha dau tu giup hang hda cua ho ( linh kien vat tu phu tung ) thuan loi hon viec luu thong ca thi trudng va ngoai nudc Do nguon von dau tu nang cap he thong co sd tang thuong rat ldn nen Nha nude can lua chon dau tu nhirng dir an cd the phat huy dupe hieu qua cao dua vao su dung nhu: xay dung mot so tuyen dirdng cao toe ket noi giua cac trung tam kinh te diem, hien dai hda mot so ben cang va san bay quan hien dai hda he thong vien thong va nang cap ludi dien Ngoai cung nen khuyen khich hinh mot so KCN hop tac vdi nudc ngoai d nhung viing kinh te diem nhu mo hinh KCN Viet Nam - Singapore de tao thuan loi cho cac doanh nghiep ho trp cua cac nudc dau tu tai Viet Nam - Nha nude can to chiic bo phan chiu trach nhiem theo ddi chi dao viec thuc hien quy hoach phat trien CN ho trp Bo phan nav chiu trach nhiem theo doi viec trien khai ke hoach phat trien cac san pham ho trp cho cac nganh cac linh vuc kinh te De bo hoat dong cd hieu qua can bo tri nhirng can bo chuyen trach cd nang luc de kiem tra don doc viec thuc hien quy hoach cung nhu cac ke hoac phat trien nganh CN ho trp Theo dinh ky bo phan se hop vdi cac dai dien cua cac nganh de nam chac dupe tinh hinh thuc hien qua gop phan giai quyet nhirng virdng 81 mac cho doanh nghiep qua trinh thuc hien; dong thdi tham muu de xuat cac kien nghi giai phap cho lanh dao Bo va Chinh phu de viec to chuc thirc hien theo dung Io trinh ma quy hoach tong the va ke hoach phat trien cong nghiep da de Hau het cac dir an linh vuc dien tir tai d Viet Nam deu tap trung vao viec san xuat cac linh kien phu kien dieu gop phan vao viec thuc day sir phat trien cua nganh cong nghiep ho trg nirdc Trong thdi gian tdi, hy vong vdi nhung chien luge mdi va cu the cua Chinh phu thi nganh cong nghiep ho trg se co nhieu khdi sac Theo mot cugc dieu tra cua JETR.O nam 2010 doi vdi 50 cac doanh nghiep dien tu Nhat Ban tai Viet Nam ve lua chon giai phap quan nhat khuyen khich thu hut EDI cua Nhat Ban vao CN-DT Viet Nam thi nhom giai phap ve phat trien cong nghiep ho trg dugc lua chon nhieu nhat so vdi giai phap chong tham nhung va don gian hda thu tuc hanh chinh Bieu 3.1 Giai phap thu hut FDI cua Nhat Ban vao CN -DT Viet Nam Nguon: Jetro Viet Nam r r r 3.2.5 Thuc hien tot cong tac xue tien, quit ng bd vd xay dung chien luq’c thu hut diiu tir De cai thien va thu hut dugc nguon von FDI cua Nhat Ban thi yeu to quan la diet dirge nhu can cua cac nha dau tu tiem nang va nang cao dich vu phuc 82 vu cho cac nha dau tu hien tai Viet Nam can phai tiep tuc tang cuong cac hoat dong xuc tien dau tu Nhat Ban thong qua cac to chuc xuc tien thuong mai nhu JETRO, cuc xuc tien thuong mai Viet Nam tai Nhat Ban va hiep hoi doanh nghiep dien tu Viet Nam VEIA To chuc thuong mai Nhat ban - JETRO la mot to chuc cua Chinh phu duoc lap de ho tro cac doanh nghiep Nhat Ban linh vuc thuong mai va dau tu tren toan the gidi Hien nay, JETRO ho tro cho cac nha dau tu Nhat Ban bang cach to chuc cac doan xuc tien dau tu nudc ngoai, cung cap cac thong tin ve thi truong dau tu: to chuc cac cuoc hoi thao, tham quan, khao gat co hoi tim kiem dau tu JETRO la cau noi quan de Viet Nam co the quang ba hinh anh va tiem nang den cac nha dau tu Nhat Ban Ben canh Chinh phu can ket hop vdi Hiep hoi doanh nghiep dien tu Viet Nam (VEIA) de day manh xuc tien dau tu thong qua viec to chuc cac dien dan cong nghiep dien tu de tim kiem co hoi thu hut dau tu qua cac hinh thuc lien doanh, lien ket nham dua doanh nghiep Viet Nam tro cac ve tinh cho nhung thuong hieu dien tu hang dau the gidi 3.3 Mot so kien nghi nham phat trien cong nghiep dien tu Viet Nam den nam 2020 3.3.1 Doi vdi hiep hoi doanh nghiep dien tie Viet Nam (VEIA) Khi ma hudng di cua nen kinh te toan cau chua ro net, nganh CN-DT noi chung va doanh nghiep dien tu Viet Nam noi rieng khong the tu minh cai tien duoc VEIA can dong vai trd ho tro cho cac doanh nghiep va la cau noi giua doanh nghiep vdi nha nudc de cac doanh nghiep di theo dung duong loi ma Nha nudc da de Dg thuc hien dieu do, hiep hoi doanh nghiep dien tu Viet Nam can phai lam tot mot go cong tac sau day: - Ket hop vdi cac ban nganh nha nudc day manh cong tac xuc tien thuong mai nhu to chuc cac hoi cho, trien lam dien dan vdi cac nudc co nen CN-DT phat trien tren the gidi de gidi thieu cac doanh nghiep nudc va dong thoi cung giup cac doanh nghiep nudc tao co hoi kinh doanh - La tieng noi cua doanh nghiep viec dua nhung kho khan vudng mac cua doanh nghiep len Chinh phu de co nhung thao gd kip thoi 83 - 116 tro cac doanh nghiep nudc viec tim kiem thong tin cac doi tac nirdc ngoai xu hudng san pham va thong tin cong nghe - Ngoai lliep hoi cung nen ho tro cac doanh nghiep van de toan vdi cac to chi'rc tin dung ldn hay mot co che tin dung tai tro toan hop ly cung gop phan giiip doanh nghiep dien tir sdm virot qua nhung khd khan giai doan nen kinh the gidi dang suy thoai va nganh CN-DT cua ta cdn non tre, - Ho tro cac doanh nghiep dac biet la doanh nghiep nho va vira cdng tac nghien cuu phat trien va ung dung cong nghe mdi: chuyen giao cong nghe, xay dung doi ngu nghien thiet ke san pham mdi 3.3.2 Ddi vdi Bo ke hoach va dau tir Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam dang d giai doan khd khan va vong luan quan giua vdn-cong nghe -san pham, nen chang Nha nudc can phai cd nhung quyet sach kip thdi de giiip cac doanh nghiep dien tu Viet Nam nham bat dau xay dung nen CN-DT thdi gian tdi Chien luoc phat trien CN-DT Viet Nam giai doan 2010-2020 da duoc trien khai vdi nhung muc tieu mang tinh chat chung chung nhu “xay dung mot nen CN-DT vung manh” "chu phat trien cong nghiep ho tro” ma chua xay dung duoc mot de an cu the cho tung bien phap giai doan - Nha nudc can dua dinh hudng va chien luoc chung cho cac doanh nghiep dien tu Viet Nam nhu dong san pham phuong hudng san xuat va thi trudng rieng cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam Viet Nam nen di theo hudng tap trung phat trien cong nghiep ho tro trudc sau la lap rap va tien tdi thiet ke san pham - Ho tro cac doanh nghiep ve mat tai chinh de ho cd the vay vdi lai suat uu dai thong qua nguon von ODA hon nira de phat trien nganh cong nghiep ho tro thi cac doanh nghiep can phai co nguon von tap trung va dai han can mat bang san xuat Nhung thuc te cac doanh nghiep vira va nhd rat khd cd the tiep can duoc nguon von uu dai ciia Chinh phu Hien tai chinh phu chua he cd mot chinh sach dot pha nao ve khuyen khich thu hut cac doanh nghiep tham gia dau tu phat trien nganh cong nghiep dient tu - Nha nudc can co sir dau tu dung mire ddi vdi nganh CN-DT ( chinh sach 84 thue va noi dia hoa chua hgp ly) Ngoai viec moi goi cac nha dau tu ldn co thuong hieu phai chao moi cac nha san xuat theo hgp dong cho linh vuc lap rap va cac nha san xuat phu tung linh kien, Gan phai nhan manh vao viec san xuat cac san pham ho trg Viec phat trien cac san pham ho trg khong chi phuc vu dac luc cho phat trien CN-DT noi rieng ma co tac dung manh viec thu hut FDI - Can phai co qui dau tu cho khoa hoc de nghien cuu va phat trien, ung dung cac san- pham mdi Ben canh can phai xay dung cac chien lugc cong tac xay dung nguon nhan luc chat lugng cao, ket hgp chat che vdi cac doanh nghiep dien tu de co the thuc hien trudc mat cac bien phap sau day: • Tan dung het cac co hoi dao tao, lien ket vdi nudc ngoai hien co Hien chuong trinh dao tao dugc to chuc bdi Hiep hoi ky thuat Nhat Ban dang dugc cac nha may Nhat Ban toan khu vuc ASEAN danh gia cao cac cong nhan dugc cu di hoc cac lop dao tao thuoc cung mot nhom ky thuat d cac qudc gia khac se dugc dao tao cung giup ho co the hoi kinh nghiem va canh tranh lan • Chinh phu can ho trg cac chuong trinh dao tao cua cac cong ty Cac nha san xuat linh phu kien de xuat Nha nudc ho trg 50% cac chi phi lien quan den hoat dong dao tao cua cac cong ty, day la mdi quan tam cua nhieu doanh nghiep Nhat Ban dang kinh doanh tai Viet Nam Nhat Ban co kinh nghiem chuyen gia gioi va ho san sang giup Viet Nam cong tac dao tao lao dong linh vuc • Thu ba Viet Nam cung nen thiet lap he thdng chung nhan Meister - chung nhan lao dong ky thuat cao nganh che tao Nhat Ban co Meister he thong cap qudc gia quan va cong ty de khuyen khich cac ky su lam tdt hon va dugc xa hoi cong nhan Vi du mot cong ty dien tu hang dau cua Nhat Ban Meister ung vien dugc de cu bdi tung bo phan nhung nguoi dugc phan loai ba cap A B va c Cong ty sau se gui len co quan cap phep Meister cho chinh quyen dia phuong hoac Trung uong Neu ho dat dugc chung nhan Meister tu Chinh phu thi cong ty se trao them cho 85 ho Meister noi bo va mot khoan tien thirong • Thu- tir cac chirong trinh dao tao hop tac giua cac doanh nghiep EDI va cac nha cung cap dia phuong nen dupe khuyen khich Cac chirong trinh thuc day chuyen giao ky thuat co cac cong ty dia phirong va tao co hoi cho hai ben lam viec cung neu thirc hien dupe thi viec dao tao thuc hanh nghe se tang, tao ngudn cung cap cong nhan lanh nghe ldn Cac doanh nghiep Nhat Ban bay to mong muon dupe tham gia vao chirong trinh giong nhu mot chirong trinh hop tac dao tao rat cdng tai Malaysia Cac doanh nghiep cua Nhat Ban cho biet ho se gui cac ky su giau kinh nghiem de hudng dan hoac bo tri cac thiet bi de san sang cho nhung dao tao 3.3.3 Doi vdi cac Doanh nghiep Dien tic Viet Nam Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam da va dang cd nhung chuyen bien tich cue vice dieu chinh phuong hudng kinh doanh va co cau san pham de cd the ton tai va hoi nhap chung vdi nghanh CN-DT nudc va the gidi Tac gia xin kien nghi mot vai y kien cua minh nham thu hut dau tu va phat trien san xuat cac doanh nghiep dien tu nhu sau: - Vi dac trung cua nganh CN-DT la chuyen mon hoa va toan cau hoa cac cdng ty va tap doan nudc ngoai luon muon sir dung mang ludi cac nha cung ling dich vu nudc de cd the giam tdi da chi phi van chuyen nhap khau cac linh phu kien tir nudc ngoai cac doanh nghiep dien tu Viet Nam nen tan dung dieu de tham gia vao mang ludi san xuat toan cau Can phai xac dinh rd nhung cdng doan nao san pham gia tri gia tang nao minh cd the lam tot Trude mat can xac dinh dau tu theo chieu sau thay vi chieu rong nhir hau het cac doanh nghiep dang lam nen chon mot chuyen nganh va tap trung vao mot linh vuc - Thu hai la nen cung phoi hpp vdi VEIA va Bo ke hoach dau tu viec quang ba hinh anh doanh nghiep ngoai the gidi chu dong tim kiem doi tac dau tu d nudc cd nen CN-DT phat trien de tim kiem co hoi dau tu lien doanh lien ket, chuyen giao cdng nghe hpp tac san xuat Ban than doanh nghiep can phai da dang hoa lien ket lien doanh vdi cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai dudi dang ddi tac chien 86 luge, nhat la cac doanh nghiep vira va nhd cua Nhat Ban Do la nhirng cong ty co trinh ky thuat cao co be day kinh nghiem - Thu ba, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam cung can phai tap trung vao viec nghien cuu va thiet ke phat trien san pham mdi ciia rieng minh Theo dieu tra cua VE1A thi hon 10 nam qua cac doanh nghiep dau tu nudc ngoai hau nhu khdng dao tao doi ngu thiet ke ngudi Viet Nam ho chi dao tao lao dong coi day chuyen san xuat hoan thien san pham va bao hanh Ban than cac trudng Dai hoc cua Viet Nam cung khdng cd dao tao ve thiet ke san pham Neu cac doanh nghiep cd kha nang thiet ke tot biet cac nha san xuat cung cap linh kien nao dinh hudng thiet ke dat hang va chu dong mua ve lap rap thi day se la nhung mo hinh va la san pham cua Viet Nam se dem lai gia tri gia tang cao 87 KET LUAN • Nhat Ban la mot nirdc co nen kinh te phat trien nganh cong nghiep dien tir cua Nhat Ban duoc danh gia la mot nhung nganh ldn nhat va tien tien nhat tren the gidi Trong nganh CN-DT cua Viet Nam van dang d giai doan so khai cua qua trinh phat trien vdi cong nghe lac hau va van chua co san pham cua rieng minh Vi vay viec thu hut duoc nguon von dau tu true tiep cua Nhat Ban vao cong nghiep dien tu Viet Nam can phai duoc quan tam va thuc hien mot nghiem tuc Luan van da phan tich duoc thuc trang von dau tu true tiep cua Nhat Ban nganh cong nghiep dien tir Viet Nam va dua duoc nhtrng danh gia ve cong va han che cua tinh hinh dau tu Trong cong hoat dong thu hut FDI cua Nhat Ban nganh CN-DT la qui mo von dau tu cang duoc md rong co nhieu doanh nghiep ldn cua Nhat Ban da va dang dau tu md rong san xuat tai Viet Nam ty cac mat hang cong nghe cao cang chiem uu the Ben canh nhung cong luan van cung chi nhung han che cua hoat dong dau tu va nhung rao can lam giam nguon FDI ciia Nhat vao Viet Nam thdi gian vua qua nhu: phan bo du an chua hop ly giua cac vung; nganh cong nghiep phu tro chua phat trien khong dap ung duoc vdi nhu cau phat trien cua nganh CN-DT; chua co doi ngu lao dong ky thuat chat luong cao; co sd tang yeu kern Tir nhung noi dung phan tich ve thuc trang cua cua hoat dong dau tu true tiep cua Nhat Ban vao CN-DT Viet Nam luan van de xuat mot he thong cac giai phap doi vdi Chinh phu hiep hoi doanh nghiep Dien tu Viet Nam de tao mdi trudng dau tu thuan loi thu hut duoc nhieu hon nua nguon von cua cac nha dau tu Nhat Ban Vdi cac nhom giai phap va kien nghi da phan tich luan van cho thay viec thu hut FDI tir Nhat Ban can co mot chien lucre tong the lau dai va can sir phoi hop chat che tir Nha nudc den doanh nghiep Cac doanh nghiep dien tu- Viet Nam rat yeu kern, khong the tu minh phat trien don le nhung han che ve von va cong 88 nghe Do vay, can nhung hanh dong cu the cua Nha nudc de co the giup doanh nghiep dien tu phat trien gop phan vao viec thu hut nguon von FD1 cua Nhat Ban vao Viet Nam Thong qua ket qua nghien cuu, luan van mong muon dua mot cai nhin tong quat ve thuc trang cua nganh CN-DT Viet Nam va dau tu cua Nhat Ban vao nganh cong nghiep Dong thdi luan van cung mong dong gop nhung y kien cua ban than nham tang cudng viec thu hut FDI cua Nhat Ban vao cong nghiep dien tu cua Viet Nam thdi gian tdi Mac du da co gang het suc nhung trinh va kha nang co han nen chac chan luan van co nhieu thieu sot nhat dinh rat mong duoc su gop y cua cac thay co giao va cac ban de luan van hoan chinh hon 89 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Sach tap chi luan van Vu Thuy Anh (2010) Dan tu true tiep cua Nhat Ban a Viet Nam, Luan an Thac sy kinh te - Khoa Kinh te Dai hoc quoc gia Ha Noi TS Le Xuan Ba (2006) Tac Bong cua dau tir true tiep nude ngoai tdi tang truong kinh te d Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc Ky thuat Ha Noi Hisami Mitarai Vu tu van kinh doanh chau A- Vien nghien cuu Nomura (2005) Cac van de nganh cdng nghiep dien va dien tu cua cac nudc ASEAN va bai hoc rut cho Viet Nam Chalongphob Sussangkarn (2011) Foreign direct investment in Asia, Tran Van Tho (2005) Bien dong kinh te Dong A va dudng cdng nghiep hoa Viet Nam Nha xuat ban Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Noi Tran Xuan Tung (2005) Dau tir true tiep nirdc ngoai d Viet Nam Thirc trang va giaiphap Nha xuat ban Chinh tri quoc gia la Noi Yuri Sado (2009): "Japanese skill and knowledge transfer -the case of exporting high-precision production technology' to China and Vietnam" Cac trang website: Trang thong tin Hiep hoi doanh nghiep dien tu Viet Nam: www.veia.org.vn http://www.veia.org.vn/de fault.asp‘.->xt=xt35&page=newsdetail&newsid=8552 To chuc xuc tien thuong mai Nhat Ban : www.ietro.go.jp http ://w w w, j etro.go j p/vietnam/pd f/9 ,pd f 10 Cue xuc tien thuong mai: www.vietrade.gov.vn http://www.victrade.gov.vn/tin-tuc/20-tin-tuc/2498-cong-nghiep-nam-2011thang-loi-toan-dien.html 90 I I Tong cue thong ke: www.gso.gov.vn http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=392&idmid=3&ItemID=13100 12 Bo ke hoach va dau tu: www.mpi.gov.vn http://www.mpi.gov.vn/portal/page/portal/bkhdt/16424/13632327p page id=4 12466&pers id=353637&folder_id=&item id=31118714&P details=l 13 Su that ve Nhat Ban : www.factsanddetails.com/ip http://factsanddetails.com/iapan.php?itemid=916
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