TRVONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN & BAI HOC KTQD TRUNG TAM TWCNC TIN ma VIEN THI TRIONG LAO dong ha NOI • • •9 a *? r r TH P C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP PHAT • • TRIEN DEN NAM 2010 Chuyen nganh Kinh te lao don[.]
TRVONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN & BAI HOC KTQD TRUNG TAM TWCNC TIN ma VIEN THI• TRIONG LAO dong NOI: • • TH P C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN DEN NAM 2010 _ r *? a • • Chuyen nganh: Kinh te lao dong LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • _ /V TS VU HOANG NGAN daj hoc ktqd TRUNG T^Ji, thong tin thH/to Ha Noi, 2006 r MUC LUC Trang Danh muc cac chu viet tat Danh muc bang bieu, hinh ve M(j DAU CHU0NG 1: CO S0 LY LU AN CHUNG VE THITRUING LAO DONG 1.1 Khai mem, dac diem, va phan loai thi trubng lao dong 1.1.1 Khai niem 1.1.2 Dac diem cua thi trubng lao dong 1.1.3 Phan loai thi trubng lao dong 12 1.2 Cac yeu to cua thi trubng lao dong 13 1.2.1 Cung lao dong 13 1.2.2 Cau lao dong .21 1.2.3 Moi quan he cung - cau lao dong 27 1.3 Dieu kien hinh va phat trien thi truong lao dong 33 1.3.1 Dieu kien hinh 33 1.3.2 Dieu kien phat trien thi truong lao dong 34 1.4 Su can thiet phai phat trien thi trubng lao dong 35 CHUONG 2: PHAN TICH THU’C TRANG THI TRUdNG LAO DONG HA NOI 36 2.1 Dac diem kinh te - xa hoi cua Ha Noi anh hubng den thi trubng lao dong 36 2.1.1 Dac diem ve vi tri dia ly 36 2.1.2 Dac diem ve kinh te - chinh tri .37 2.1.3 Dac diem ve van hoa xa hoi 41 2.1.4 Dac diem ve lao dong 43 2.2 Thue trang thi trubng lao dong b Ha Noi thbi gian vua qua 45 2.2.1 Thue trang cung lao dong Ha Noi 45 2.2.2 Thue trang cau lao dong 60 2.2.3 Moi quan he giira cung va cau lao dong 74 2.3 Danh gia chung ve thi trubng lao dong Ha Noi 85 CHUTING 3: MOT SO GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN THI TRUING LAO DONG HA NOI DEN NAM 2010 86 3.1 Quan diem, dinh hubng, muc tieu va chi tieu phat trien thi trubng lao dong Ha Noi den nam 2010 86 3.1.1 Boi canh xa hoi anh hubng den su phat trien cua thi trubng lao dong Ha Noi giai doan tbi 86 3.1.2 Du bao cung va cau lao dong den nam 2010 87 3.1.3 Muc tieu va chi tieu chu yeu phat trien thi trubng lao dong Ha Noi 89 3.2 Cac giai phap phat trien thi trubng lao dong den 2010 90 3.2.1 Giai phap ve cung lao dong 90 3.2.2 Giai phap ve cau lao dong 99 3.2.3 Giai phao ve moi quan he giua cung va cau lao dong 103 KET LUAN 110 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 112 DANH MUC CAC CHU" VIET TAT CMKT : Chuyen mon ky thuat PTTH : Pho thong trung hoc THCS : Trung hoc Co so FDI : Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai GDP : Tong san pham quoc noi DVVL : Dich vu viec lam DNVVN : Doanh nghiep vua va nhd DS - KHHGD: Dan so Ke hoach hoa gia dinh DANH MUC BANG BIEU, HINH VE Trang Bang Bang 2.1: Quy mo, mat dan so Ha Noi nam 2004 44 Bang 2.2: Quy mo lire luong lao dong chia theo khu vuc nong thon - thi d Ha noi tir 2001 - 2005 47 Bang 2.3: Dan tir du 15 tuoi trd len hoat dong kinh te chia theo trinh hoc van d Ha Noi tir 2001 - 2005 50 Bang 2.4: So ngudi tir du 15 tuoi trd len hoat dong kinh te chia theo trinh chuyen mon ky thuat .52 Bang 2.5: Quy mo va ty le tang dan so d Ha Noi tir 2001 - 2004 56 Bang 2.6: Bien dong co hoc dan so Ha Noi giai doan tir 2001-2004.57 Bang 2.7: So lao dong co viec lam d Ha Noi phan theo phan kinh te63 Bang 2.8: Lire luong lao dong co viec lam d Ha Noi phan theo nhom nganh kinh te 65 Bang 2.9: So lao dong co viec lam thuimg xuyen d Ha Noi phan theo nong thon - thi 67 10 Bang 2:10: Co cau tong san pham noi dia (gia thuc te) d Ha Noi 70 11 Bang 2.11: Ty le thdi gian duoc sir dung d khu vuc nong thon d Ha Noi 76 12 Bang 2.12: Ty le that nghiep cua lire luong lao dong d thi Ha Noi phan theo bang cap cao nhat 77 So 13 So 2.1: Quy mo lire luong lao dong tir 2001 - 2005 45 14 So 2.2: Luc luong lao dong co viec lam d Ha Noi tir 2001 - 2005 61 15 Sa 2.3: Ca cau lire lirang lao dong co viec lam chia theo nhom nganh kinh te a Ha Noi 66 16 Sa 2.4: GDP binh quan dau ngirdi a Ha Noi 68 17 Sa 2.5: Ty le that nghiep cua lire lirang lao dong tuoi a khu vtre thi, 2001 - 2005 75 Hinh ve 18 Hinh 1.1: Do thoa dung toi iru 17 19 Hinh 1.2: Cung thai gian lao dong 18 TRUING DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN Le Thi• Mai Lan THI TRLTCJNG LAO DONG HA NOI: THIC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN DEN NAM 2010 r Chuyen nganh: Kinh te lao dong LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • • Ha Noi, 2006 CHUONG I: CO SO' LY LUAN CHUNG VE ■ THI• TRUdNG LAO DONG • 1.1 KHAI NIEM, DAC DIEM, VA PHAN EOAI THI TRUING LAO DONG 1.1.1 Khai niem Hien van ton tai nhieu khai niem, nhieu each giai thich khac ve thi truong lao dong, nhung cac khai niem lai thong nhat ve nhung noi dung co ban cua thi truong lao dong Do la: - Co so trao doi giua mot ben la nguoi su dung lao dong va mot ben la nguoi lao dong tren co so thoa thuan ve hop dong lao dong - Co so tac dong, quan he qua lai girra cung va cau lao dong - Noi dung trao doi, thoa thuan la cac quan he lao dong (nhat la tien cong); - Chi gioi han o khu voc co quan he thue muon lao cong (co quan he lao dong); - Ket qua cua trao doi, thoa thuan la viec lam cho nguoi lao dong Va tu nhung noi dung co ban cua thi truong lao dong noi tren, ta co the hieu ve thi truong lao dong voi mot y nghia tuong doi day du va hoan chinh nhu sau: Thi truang lao dong la nai thuc hien cac quan he xa hoi giua ngudi ban su-c lao dong va nguoi mua sue lao dong thdng qua cac hinh thuc thoa thuan ve gia ca suc lao dong;, viec lam va cac dieu kien lam viec khac, tren ca sd mot hup dong lao dong bang van ban hoac bang mieng 1.1.2 Dac diem cua t hi truonn ao donn 1.1.2.1 II oat dong theo cac quy luat kinh te khach quan cua n£n kinh te thi truong Cung giong nhu thi truong hang hoa dich- vu va cac thi truong khac la no cung hoat dong theo cac quy luat kinh te khach quan cua nen kinh te thi truong nhu: Quy luat gia tri, quy luat cung - cau, quy luat canh tranh, quy luat luu thong tien te 1.1.2.2 Hang hoa tren thi tru'dng lao dong la hang hoa dac biet - Hang hoa suc lao dong gan chat voi chu the mang no - Hang hoa suc lao dong la hang hoa truu tuong, vo hinh - Doi voi hang hoa thong thuong ket thuc sau cuoc mua ban, nguoi ban lay tien, nguoi mua lay hang Cdn doi voi hang hoa suc lao dong thi no moi chi bat dau - Tinh chat dac biet cua hang hoa suc lao dong the hien o su khac biet cach xac dinh ve gia tri va gia tri su dung Neu gia tri su dung cua hang hoa thong thuong bieu hien o cong dung cua hang hoa tieu dung no, thi gia tri su dung cua hang hoa suc lao dong bieu hien o cho no duoc su dung nhu mot yeu to dau vao cua qua trinh san xuat tieu dung suc lao dong Hang hoa thong thuong qua trinh su dung thi dan mat het gia tri va gia tri su dung, doi voi hang hoa suc lao dong thi su dung no lai tao mot gia tri moi la gia tri thang du - Con mot diem dac biet cua hang hoa suc lao dong la tinh khong dong nhat tren thi truong lao dong 1.1.2.3 Chiu su quan ly, dieu tiet cua Nha nu'oc Ben canh viec tuan theo cac quy luat kinh te khach quan thi thi truong lao dong cung chiu su tac dong cua phap luat, cac the che, quy che duoc luat hoa 1.2 CAC YEU TO CUA THI• TRU’O’NG UAO DONG • 1.2.1.Cung lao dong 99 + Ban hanh quy dinh ve trach nhiem, nghia vu va quyen loi cua doanh nghiep, ngudi sir dung lao dong va nguoi lao dong doi voi dao tao nghe, xay dung co che phoi hop giua co so nghe vdi doanh nghiep theo hudng doanh nghiep tao dieu kien de hoc sinh hoc nghe tiep can, thuc tap tren thiet bi san xuat thirc te 3.2.2 Giai phap ve cau lao dong 3.2.2.1 Chuyen dich co’ cau kinh td ndng thdn Doi vdi khu vuc nong thdn, can phai phat trien manh kinh te theo hudng san xuat hang hoa, phat trien cac nganh nghe phi nong nghiep bang each phat trien cong nghiep nong thon, cac nganh tieu thu cong nghiep Khoi phuc va phat trien cac nganh nghe, lang nghe truyen thong, hinh cac khu cong nghiep nho, day manh dich vu d cac quan huyen ngoai Ha Noi nhu Dong Anh, Gia Lam, Tir Lien, Thanh tri, Soc Son Thirc hien nhieu chinh sach nham tao dieu kien de phat trien kinh te ho gia dinh, thuc day qua trinh thi hoa ndng thdn nham mot mat tao viec lam cho lao dong ndng thon ngoai Ha Noi, mot mat han che lirong lao dong di chuyen len thi de tim viec lam, tir gay sire ep ve viec lam, an ninh d khu virc thi De chuyen dich co can kinh te ndng thdn theo hirdng can phai: - Tao dieu kien thuan loi cho cac chu ho, tieu thii cong dang ky san xuat - Tao mdi truong binh dang thirc sir giira cac ho gia dinh, cac thdn, xa nhu: vay von tin dung, bao lanh tin dung, xuat khau true ticp - Khuyen khich hinh thirc hiep tac, phan cong san xuat cd he thong va chuyen mon hoa cimg mot mat hang nhu: ho chuyen lo nguyen lieu, lid chuyen tieu thu san pham, ho chuyen san xuat de cd the bao ve lan canh tranh 100 - Khac phuc va phat trien cac lang nghe truyen thdng, cung vai giai quyet van de moi trudng, doi mdi cong nghe, boi dudng nghe nhan, dao tao the he tre - Xay dung mdi va phat trien cac lang nghe theo quy hoach va gan vdi quy hoach ndng thon - Tiep can thi trudng nudc cung nhu ngoai nudc bang viec: iru tien quang cao, cung cap thdng tin thi trirdng, cho quyen dang ky xuat khau true tiep don gian hoa cac thu tuc hanh chinh - Khuyen khich nha dau tu pho, hoac tir nirdc ngoai vao ndng thon bang each mien thue 3-5 nam dau - Tang cirdng ngan sach nha nudc cho khu virc ndng thon va ngoai Ha Noi viec cai thien cu sd tang, vay von kinh doanh 3.2.2.2 Khuyen khich phat trien doanh nghiep tu' nhan, doanh nghiep viva va nho Kinh te tu nhan va cac phan kinh te cd sir giup dd cua nha nudc, can cu vao nhu cau san xuat tieu dung tai cho va xuat khau, vdi kha nang ve von, trinh quan ly va ky thuat co the phat trien cac doanh nghiep vira va nho (DNVVN) thuoc cac nganh cong nghiep, tieu thu cong nghiep, dich vu, du lich, van hoa, y te, giao due Doanh nghiep md nhieu ca hoi tim viec lam ddi vdi nhung ngudi that nghiep va thieu viec lam a khu vuc thi va ndng thon Theo thdng ke nam 2001 d nudc ta DNVVN chiem ty le 80% tong sd cac doanh nghiep toan quoc Cac doanh nghiep DNVVN nav la mot nhirng nguon dong lire manh me tao len sir tang trudng lien tuc cua nen kinh te, phat trien cac nganh cong nghiep bo tra doi vdi cac nganh cong nghiep mui nhon nhir che tao may dien tu va mot sd nganh khac gop phan cai thien can can toan nhd viec tang xuat khau hang hoa pham thay 101 the hang hoa nhap khau bang hang hoa nudc va tao viec lam chu yeu hon 80% lire luong lao dong d cac vung nong thon va thi Khi DNVVN phat trien se tao duoc nhieu viec lam, DNVVN lam diroc nhu vay la do: - Day la hinh thirc to chuc kinh te md co hoi tao nhieu viec lam tir nguon von nhan dan nhan dan tir lo la chinh - Doanh nghiep vira va nho sir dung chu yeu la lao dong chan tay - Doanh nghiep vira va nhd da so ca nhan hay so it ngirdi dau tu lap, nhirng ngudi bat chap kho khan gian kho, vi ho cd dong co gay dung mot sir nghiep va thu diroc nhieu loi nhuan - Do tinh nang dong, nhay ben lira chon, thay ddi mat hang hoa va hudng di kinh doanh nen co cac DNVVN co kha nang dap irng nhu can ciia thi trudng, tao sir song dong phat trien kinh te - DNVVN la trudng dao tao luc luong lao dong va can bo quan ly san xuat kinh doanh tir thirc tien - Hoat dong mdi trudng canh tranh khong tranh khoi sir pha san d mot sd DNVVN nhung khong it doanh nghiep da tru vung va vtron len Nhu vay, DNVVN la rat quan trong sir nghiep phat trien kinh te dat nudc tien trinh hoi nhap Nd tao diroc nhieu viec lam cho ngudi lao dong Vi vay, viec md rong va phat trien hon nira cac DNVVN la rat can thiet De lam cho dung dieu nay, chung ta can: - Cu the hoa luat doanh nghiep, luat cong ty, luat khuyen khich dau tir nirdc cho sat thirc vdi thirc te de tao hanh lang phap ly cho ngirdi dan tir kinh doanh Trong do, da biet can don gian hoa thu tuc hanh chinh, giam le phi lap doanh nghiep va dang ky kinh doanh - Thirc hien chinh sach khuyen khich va tro giiip cac doanh nghiep vira va nho, cac ho gia dinh cd co sd san xuat kinh doanh bang each mien hoac 102 giam thue loi tuc, cho vay von voi lai suat uu dai (tir qui quoc gia giai quyet viec lam) ho co phirong an md rong san xuat kinh doanh - Phat trien hon nira viec dao tao cac chu doanh nghiep vira va nhd, cac chu ho kinh doanh ve kien thirc quan ly doanh nghiep theo co che thi truong (maketting, quan tri doanh nghiep, hach toan doanh nghiep ) - Mo rong thi truong xuat khau hang hoa va da dang hoa san pham - Phai lam cho cac chu dau tu nhan thirc diroc canh tranh la van de hire xue ho gia nhap nen kinh te thi truong, tir ma chu nang cao chat lirong san pham va nang cao nang suat Van de cap thiet doi voi cac doanh nghiep hien la phai giai quyet nhung kho khan( may moc, thiet bi lac hau, chat luong doi ngu can bo, nhan vien chua dap ung diroc nhu cau ) sinh tir chinh ban than minh, tire la phai tir doi moi may moc, thiet bi, dao tao moi va dao tao lai ngudn nhan lire, xay dung thirc thi chien liroc ton tai va phat trien lau ben cua doanh nghiep, thay diroc tinh cap bach phai hoi nhap vao cac to chirc tir hoa thirong mai quoc te ma nha nuoc ta da va se cam ket thirc hien de co sir chuanr bi va nang cao sire canh tranh ciia doanh nghiep 3.2.2.3 Day manh hoat dong thu hut dau tu’ nuoc ngoai nham thu hut viec lam De day manh hoat dong thu hut dau tu nuoc ngoai nham tao viec lam, thoi gian toi, Nha nuoc cung nhu cac co quan co tham quyen d I la Noi can thirc hien mot so bien phap sau: - Doi mdi cong tac van dong dau tir true tiep nudc ngoai bang each Chuyen phuong thirc van dong dau tu nudc ngoai tir bi dong sang chu dong hirdng cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai tap trung dau tu theo dinh hudng phat trien kinh te xa hoi ciia Ha Noi tao nen mot nen kinh te phat trien ben virng 103 Nang cao chat lirong cac tai lieu van dong dau tu, sir dung trang web dau tir nirdc ngoai tren mang internet de gidi thieu danh muc cac dir an keu goi dau tir va chinh sach uu dai cua dau tir cua Ha Noi - Cai each hanh chinh Cac nha dau tir nudc ngoai duoc cung cap thong tin chi tiet, mien phi ve cac van de lien quan den viec dau tu d Ha Noi Thong bao cong khai va hudng dan cu the cac quy dinh ve nop va tiep nhan ho so doi vdi cac dir an dau tu nudc ngoai Rut ngan thdi gian xet duyet, tham dinh cap giay phep dau tu doi vdi cac dir an phan cap - Tao co che uu dai dau tu Mien thue thue dat thdi gian dai doi vdi du an khuyen khich va dac biet khuyen khich dau tu vao cac linh vuc Ha Noi dang can de tao nen nhirng biroc dot pha lam dong lire cho phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Thu 3.2.3 Giai phap ve moi quan he giua cung va cau lao dong 3.2.3.1 Nhom gidi phap lien quan ddn cong cu, chinh sach cua Nha nude va a) Hoan thien he thdng thdng tin, thdng ke thi trudng lao dong He thdng thdng tin thdng ke thi trudng lao dong la mot he thdng phuc tap khong chi ve mat ky thuat nghiep vu va cong nghe ma ca ve sir phoi hop nghien ciru, chi dao va td chirc thirc hien giua cac cap, cac nganh, cac co quan, don vi cd lien quan Do vay, de co the hoan thien he thdng thdng tin thdng ke thi trudng lao dong nham phuc vu cho ngudi lao dong vice dinh hirdng nghe nghiep cho tuong lai, phuc vu cho cac co quan Nha nudc viec kip thdi dieu chinh hoac dira nhung chinh sach nham dieu tiet thi trudng lao dong thi nhung nam tdi, can phai thirc hien nhirng giai phap sau: 104 - Hoan thien cac phuong phap khao sat thu thap thong tin ve thi trirong lao dong de co diroc mot he thong thong tin chinh xac + Tien hanh nghien ciru, khao sat danh gia thirc trang he thong thdng tin thi trirong lao dong + Nghien cuu xac dinh he thong chi tieu dau vao, dau cho cac cap quan ly, cac co quan va cac doi tuong co lien quan den thi trubng lao dong + Nghien cuu xac dinh hinh thuc, phuong phap va che thu thap thdng tin goc, thong tin thu cap, lira chon cong nghe phan mem va he thdng trang thiet bi can thiet phuc vu yeu cau cap nhap, xir ly tong hop, cung cap, chuyen giao va luu giir thong tin thi trirong lao dong, cung nhu nguon lire tai chinh, can bo de dam bao sir hoat dong ciia toan bo he thdng mot each thudng xuyen - Viec thu thap cac sd lieu thdng ke ve thi trirong lao dong phai dam bao cung cap day du cac chi tieu ve thi trudng lao dong Ngoai cac cln tieu duoc thu thap hang nam thi can bo sung them mot sd chi tieu nhir: + Cac chi tieu ve tien luong, thu nhap b mdi nganh, nghe cu the, o mdi loai hinh doanh nghiep, b khu vuc nong thon thi + Cac chi tieu ve nhu cau lao dong ciia mbi nhom nganh, mbi nghe, mbi hinh thirc doanh nghiep + Chi tieu ve trinh lao dong b mbi nganh, nghe, b mbi quan, huyen va muc dap img vdi nhu cau cua doanh nghiep + Va nhieu chi tieu khac - Bo tri va dao tao nang cao nang lire cho doi ngu can bo lam cong tac thu thap thong tin thi trubng lao dong To chirc cac lop tap huan va cac doan tham gia khao sat hoc tap va ngoai nudc - He thong thong tin ve thi trubng lao dong phai duoc cap nhap hang thang hoac hang quy, va cac thong tin khong chi phuc vu cho cac co quan 105 co tham quyen viec hoach dinh, dieu tiet thi truong lao dong, ma no phai diroc bien rong rai cho tat ca cac doi tuong co nhu cau tham gia thi truong lao dong, dac biet la lire luong nien Viec bien cac thong tin co the thong qua internet, bao, sach b) Tang cud’ng vai trd quan ly cua Nhd nirdc doi voi thi truong lao dong - Tuyen truyen, bien rong rai chu truong, chinh sach cua Dang, luat phap cua Nha nirbc, cac quy dinh cu the ciia ve viec lam, dao tao nghe, va cac van de co lien quan den thi trirbng lao dong - To chirc cac lop tap huan, cac buoi thao luan nham hirdng dan, giai thich cho cac doanh nghiep ve cac bo luat, cac quy dinh, thong tir, cac van ban khac dong thoi cung de giai dap nhung vudng mac ciia cac doanh nghiep thi hanh cac bo luat, cac van ban, thong tu, quyet dinh, de cac doanh nghiep co the thirc hien theo dung phap luat Mat khac, cac co quan co tham quyen thong qua nhirng buoi nhu vay co the dira nhung dieu chinh cho phu hop voi thirc te -Tang cirdng kiem tra, tra viec thirc hien phap luat nham thuc day phat trien thi truong lao dong mot each lanh manh, diing dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia - Tang cirdng quan ly Nha nudc ve tien luong tien cong, gia ca sire lao dong tren thi truong lao dong: + Tren co sd cac van ban phap quy cua Nha nudc, thirc hien dieu tiet va giam sat tien luong, tien cong, cd tien luong toi thieu tren tin truong lao dong Kien quyet xir ly nhung truong hop tra lirong trai vdi cac van ban phap luat, nhu tra luong dirdi muc toi thieu + To chi'rc dieu tra khao sat, cap nhap thong tin gia ca thi trirdng lao dong doi vdi cac loai hinh lao dong bien hien d Ha Noi, thirc hien 106 viec bao gia cac loai lao dQng theo dinh ky tren cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung + Huong dan cac to chuc, doanh nghiep tra luong cho nguoi lao dong tuan thu cac chinh sach che quy dinh ve tien luong cua Nha nirdc, dong thdi tiep can vdi thi trudng lao dong de dieu chinh cac quan he lao dong, quan he tien luong, tien cong phu hop + To chirc soat, danh gia cac van ban cua Nha nirdc, ciia Thanh linh virc tien lirong, tien cong de loai bo cac van ban khong phu hop, chong cheo, xay dung va bo sung cac van ban mdi, nhat la cac van ban lien quan den chinh sach thu hut, dung lao dong cd trinh cao tir cac nguon - Nang cao trinh chuyen mon va nang lire quan ly nha nirdc ciia co quan lao dong cac cap - Tang cirdng vai trd cua cac to chirc doan the viec dieu tiet thi trudng lao dong va bao ve quyen loi ciia cac ben cd lien quan - Thirc hien tot viec phan cap quan ly lao dong cho cac cap 2.2.3.2 Nhom gidi phap tac dong den su' gap go' cung, can lao dong a) Phat trien he thong trung tam gidi thieu viec lam Phat trien he thdng giao dich cua thi trudng lao dong la dieu kien quan de thi trirdng lao dong hoat dong binh thudng, khach quan, thuc hien diroc chirc nang, nhiem vu cau noi giira cung - cau lao dong Cac giai phap chu yeu la: - Dau tir hien dai hoa mot trung tam giao dich tren thi trudng lao dong dat tieu chuan cac nudc khu vuc Trung tam cd thiet bi hien dai, sir dung cong nghe thdng tin tien tien (Internet, Website ) de thirc hien giao dich mua ban lanh manh, cd hieu qua, mang tinh chuyen nghiep 107 - Phat trien da dang cac loai kenh giao dich tren thi trirong lao dong (thong tin, quang cao, trang tim viec lam, trang day nghe tren cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung nhu: Dai phat thanh, truyen hinh, bao, to chirc cac hoi cho viec lam, cho phien, sieu thi viec lam ) nham da dang, phong phu, soi dong, linh hoat cac giao dich giua nguoi mua va ngirbi ban tren thi trubng - Thanh lap cac tram (diem) gibi thieu viec lam, cung cap viec lam tam thbi tai nhung dia diem thuan loi nham gibi thieu, cung irng mien phi viec lam khong tron ngay, viec lam tam thbi cho lao dong nong thon, lao dong ngoai tinh de khac phuc tinh tir phat cua cac “cho” lao dong hien - Cung co sap xep he thong gibi thieu viec lam de hoat dong co hieu qua, lam tot vai tro cau noi giira cung - cau lao dong tren thi trubng + Quy hoach lai mang lirbi dich vu viec lam phii hop vbi thi trirong lao dong ciia Cu the: > To chirc danh gia cu the ket qua hoat dong cua Trung tam Dich vu viec lam, de xuat viec cung co, lap lai va hoat dong he thong Trung tam Dich vu viec lam theo Bo luat Cac don vi se true tiep tir van che chinh sach lien quan den quan he lao dong, tien toi thiet lap he thong thdng tin thdng nhat b tat ca cac Trung tam gibi thieu viec lam tren dia ban tao dieu kien thuan loi cho ngirbi lao dong va nguoi su dung lao dong tham gia vao thi trubng lao dong > Ddi vbi cac doanh nghiep khong du dieu kien thi nen xem xet lai chirc nang gibi thieu viec lam cua cac doanh nghiep Con doanh nghiep nao dam bao dti dieu kien, du tieu chuan quy dinh tai thi diroc bo sung chirc nang Dich vu viec lam + Chu phat trien mang lirbi Dich vu viec lam o cac vung ngoai dac biet la vung thi hoa cac khu Cong nghiep, cum cong nghiep co nhu cau lao dong lbn 108 + Thirc hien vai trd quan ly nha nude doi vdi tat ca cac hoat dong Gidi thieu viec lam thuoc loai hinh tren dia ban Ra soat lai chuc nang nhiem vu cua cac Trung tam Gidi thieu viec lam theo hudng tang cudng chuc nang tu van va gidi thieu viec lam, cung ung lao dong, thu thap, cung cap cung - cau lao dong, thong tin va phan tich thi trudng lao dong nham tro gitip nhirng ngudi that nghiep va thieu viec lam + Tuyen truyen rong rai he thong Gidi thieu viec lam tren dia ban de ngudi lao dong va ngirdi sir dung lao dong biet va lien he nham han che tinh trang Ion xon, tir phat viec tuyen lao dong hien va tao dieu kien cho cac Trung tam Gidi thieu viec lam hoat dong dimg chirc nang, nhiem vu diroc phap luat quy dinh + Dao tao, tap huan nang cao trinh chuyen mon, nghiep vu, kv nang gidi thieu viec lam cho doi ngu can bo - nhan vien true tiep thirc hien chirc nang tir van, cung cap dich gidi thieu viec lam ciia cac trung tam gidi thieu viec lam nham dam bao chat lirong doi ngu can bo ciia trung tam gidi thieu viec lam theo yeu cau mdi va phu hop vdi yeu cau cua thi trirdng lao dong + Thirdng xuyen to chirc kiem tra hoat dong ciia he thong gidi thieu viec lam tren dia ban Thanh nham phat hien va uon nan kip thdi cac sai pham hoat dong Gidi thieu viec lam va ngan chan cac hanh vi lira dao ngudi lao dong Cling co, chan chinh hoat dong ciia cac don vi, doanh nghiep cd chirc nang dich vu viec lam To chirc tham dinh, cap phep boat dong gidi thieu viec lam doi vdi cac doanh nghiep hoat dong theo Luat doanh nghiep Xem xet, de nghi cac bo, nganh, doan the trung irong cimg co cac Trung tam dich vu viec lam hien co tren dia ban Thanh + Tao hanh lang phap ly cho cac don vi co chirc nang gidi thieu vice lam ciia moi phan kinh te hoat dong binh dang, canh tranh lanh manh 109 hoat dong dung quy dinh cua phap luat, bam sat thuc tien phat trien kinh te xa hoi va khoa hoc cong nghe nude va quoc te r h) Nang cao chat luong hoat dong Hoi cho’ viec lam De viec to chuc hoi cho viec lam dat hieu qua cao, Ha Noi can thuc hien tot viec dieu tra, nam bat tinh trang that nghiep, thieu viec lam, tirng khu virc, tirng nganh nghe Tiep den, ben canh viec giri thu mdi tdi cac doanh nghiep, trung tam dich vu viec lam tham gia hoi cho, can tien hanh hop lanh dao cac don vi, bien yeu cau, quy dinh ve noi dung thdng tin, hinh thirc the hien, thdi gian dia diem to chirc va cung cap thdng tin ve tuyen dung, dao tao nghe cho Ban td chirc tong hop Can phai co chien liroc thdng tin, quang cao ve hoi cho, noi dien ra, dia diem qua cac phuong tien nhu bang ron, bao, truyen hinh, phat td roi dac biet d cac trudng Can bao trirdc cho nhung ngudi muon tham gia hoi cho de tim viec phai chuan bi nhung giay td gi de co the tham gia phong van true tiep vdi cac doanh nghiep tai hoi cho Mien thu phi ddi vdi ngudi lao dong muon tham gia hoi cho de tim kiem viec lam 110 KET LUAN Cung vdi viec phat trien cac loai thi trirdng khac, phat trien thi trudng lao dong hien dang la mot hirdng di khong the thieu de phat trien nen kinh te Phat trien thi trirdng lao dong Ha Noi cung la mot hirdng di khong the thieu xuat phat tir thirc trang thi trirdng lao dong Ha Noi, cung nlnr tam quan cua viec phat trien thi trirdng lao dong Ha Noi Trong khuon kho ciia luan van ve de tai: “Thi trudng lao dong: Thuc trang va giai phap phat trien den nam 2010”, luan van da dat diroc nhirng yeu cau sau: - Phan tich, tiep can nhirng nhan thirc cd tinh ly thuyet ve thi trirdng lao dong Noi dung diroc trinh bay d phan vdi viec lam rd cac khai niem thi trudng lao dong, cung, cau lao dong, cac nhan to tac dong den cung, cau va mdi quan he cung cau lao dong, sir can thiet phai phat trien thi trirdng lao dong - Danh gia thirc trang ciia thi trudng lao dong tren dia ban Ha Noi nhung nam qua, bao gom: cac dieu kien tir nhien anh hudng den phat trien thi trudng lao dong, thirc trang cung, cau, mdi quan he cung cau lao dong, cac nhan to tac dong den cung, cau, mdi quan he cung cau lao dong Tren co sd do, dua diroc nhung ket luan, danh gia, nhan xet chung ve thi trudng lao dong va nguyen nhan dan den thirc trang - Da dira muc tieu, dinh hirdng phat trien thi trirdng lao dong tir den nam 2010 va de xuat mot sd giai phap co ban nham phat trien thi trudng lao dong tir den nam 2010 - Tuy nhien, day la van de co pham vi rong ldn, phirc tap sir am hieu ciia tac gia ve thi trirdng lao dong va phat trien thi trudng lao dong Ha Noi chua nhieu, nen qua trinh nghien cuu khong the tranh khoi nhirng thieu sot nhat dinh, tac gia rat mong nhan diroc nhirng y kien dong gop de luan van diroc hoan thien hon Ill TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bo lao dong thuong binh va xa hoi, De an phat trien thi truang lao dong d Viet Nam den nam 2010 Cue thong ke Ha Noi (2005), Niem giam thong ke Ha Noi 2004 Hoang Thi Ngoc Diep, Mot so giai phap tao viec lam cho ngudi lao dong tren dia ban Ha Noi den nam 2010 TS Nguyen HCru Dung (2005), Thi trudng lao dong va dinh hudng nghe nghiep cho Thanh men, Nha xuat ban Lao dong xa hoi, Ha Noi TS Vu Hoang Ngan (2006), Phan tich cac nhan to anh hudng den that nghiep d Ha Noi, Ha Noi 2006 So lao dong Thuong binh va xa hoi Ha Noi (2006), He thong bieu tong hap dieu tra lao dong - viec lam Ha Noi nam 2001 - 2005, Ha Noi Sb lao dong Thuong binh va xa hoi Ha Noi (2006), De an quy hoach, r r cung co, ndng cao chat luang, hieu qua hoat dong cac trung tam gidi thieu viec lam Sb lao dong Thuong binh va xa hoi Ha Noi (2006), De an phat trien thi trudng lao dong Ha Noi giai doan 2006 2010, dinh hudng den nam 2010 GS.TS Pham Due Thanh, PGS.TS Mai Quoc Chanh (1998), Giao trinh Kinh te lao dong, Nha xuat ban giao due 10 TS Nguyen Thi Thieng va TS Pham Thuy Huong (2006), Do Thi Viet Nam thdi ky qua do, Nha xuat ban The Gibi 11 PGS.TS Pham Quy Tho (2003), 77?/ trudng lao dong Viet Nam: Thuc trang va giai phap phat trien, Nha xuat ban lao dong xa hoi I la Noi 112 12 Tong cue thdng ke (2005), Dieu tra bien dong dan so va ke hoach hod gia dinh 1/4/2004 Nhung ket qua chu yeu, Nha xuat ban thong ke, Ha Noi 13 Tong cue thong ke (2005), Niem giam thong ke 2004, Nha xuat ban thong ke, Ha Noi 14 Trung tam thdng tin va thdng ke lao dong xa hoi, So lieu thong ke lao dong - thuemg binh va xa hoi d Viet Nam 1996 2000, Nha xuat ban lao dong xa hoi 15 Trung tam thdng tin va tu van phat trien (2004), Toan canh kinh te Viet Nam - tap 1, Nha xuat ban chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 16 Trung tam tin hoc Bo lao dong thuong binh xa hoi (2004), Lao dong viec lam d Viet Nam 1996 - 2003, Nha xuat ban lao dong xa hoi, Ha Noi 17 Trung tam tin hoc Bo lao dong thuong binh xa hoi (2004), So lieu thong ke lao dong viec lam d Viet Nam 2003, Nha xuat ban lao dong xa hoi, Ha Noi 18 Trung tam tin hoc Bo lao dong thuong binh xa hoi (2005), So lieu f r thong ke lao dong viec lam d Viet Nam 2004, Nha xuat ban lao dong xa hoi, Ha Noi 19 Trung tam tin hoc Bo lao dong thuong binh xa hoi (2003), So lieu thong ke lao dong viec lam d Viet Nam 2002, Nha xuat ban lao dong xa hoi, Ha Noi 20 Vien khoa hoc lao dong va cac van de xa hoi (1996), Bao cao ket quan nghien cuu xay dung cam nang hudng dan thong ke thong tin thi trudng lao dong d Viet Nam, 113 21 Vien nghien cun quan ly kinh te Trung nong (2003), Mot sd van de ve phat trien thi trudng lao dong a Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban khoa hoc va ky thuat, Ha Noi 22 www V ietnnmworks.com