Giải pháp hoàn thiện quản trị nhân sự của tổng công ty lương thực miềm bắc

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN - *&* -/n' K /N TRINH NGOC GIAI PHAP HOAN THIEN QUAN TRI NHAN SU CUA TONG CONG TY LUONG THUC MIEN BAC Loan van Thac sy Quan tri kinh doanh Chuyen nganh : QT KD Thuong mai Giao vien huang dan: PGS.TS Hoang Minh Duong Hd Noi, 2003 MUC LUC —- o— Trang Md dau Chuang 1: Mot so van de li luan ve quan tri nhan sy doanh nghiep ludng thyc 1.1 Su can thiet phai hoan thien quan tri nhan su doanh nghiep luong thuc 1.1.1 Mot so khCi niem co ban 1.1.2 Doanh nghiep luong thuc Nha nuic nen kinh te thi truOng hien 1.1.3 Vai tro va dac diem cua quan tri nhhn sudoi vdis upPat t rien cac doanh nghiep luong thuc 13 1.2 Noi dung cua quan tri nhan su doanh nghiep luong thuc 18 1.2.1 Churc nang cua quan tri nhnn su 18 1.2.2 Noi dung co ban cua quan tri nhnn su 19 1.2.3 Phuong phCp quan tri nhnn su va cCc chi tieu dCnh giC hieu qua quan tri nhnn su 1.2.4 CCc nghe thuat quan tri nhnn su 34 39 1.3 Nhung nhan to co ban anh hudng den quan tr i nhan su 40 1.4 Mot so kinh nghiem QTNS Nhat Ban 43 ChUdnq 2: 47 Phan tich thyc trang quan tri nhan sy cua Tong cong ty ludng thyc Mien Bac 2.1 Tong quan ve Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bac 2.1.1 QuC trinh hinh va phCt then cua Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bac 2.1.2 Churc nang, nhiem vu va co cau, to chuc bo mCy cua Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bac 47 47 49 2.1.3 Hoat dong kinh doanh cua Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien bac nhung nam qua 55 2.1.4 Ket cau to chuc mang lui kinh doanh cua Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bac 58 2.1.5 Moi quan he giua phong To churc lao dong cua Tong cong ty vii cCc Cong ty vien 66 2.2 Thuc trang quan tri nhan su cua Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac 72 2.2.1 Quan tri nhnn su cua Tong cong ty Luong thuc thoi ky bao cap 72 2.2.2 Quan tri nhnn su cua Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac thou 73 ky mo cua nen kinh te 2.2.3 Phan tihh thnc trang quan tri nnan sir cL along cong ty Luong there Mien Bac nhung nam gan dCy 78 2.3 Danh gia khai quat ve qiran tri nhan sir cua Tong cong ty Lu’ong thuc Mien Bde 88 2.3.1 Nhung tutu da dut dhoc 88 2.3.2 Nhung van de ton tui va nguyen nhCn 90 ChUdnq 3: 92 Giai phap hoan thien quan tri nhan sa cua Tonq conq ty ludnq thac Mien Bac 3.1 Mue hieu, phunng huong phth hrien eaa Tnng eOng hy lunng hhue Mien Bae 92 3.2 Quan diem en bnn hoan hhien qunn hri nhnn su Tnng eOng hy lunng hhue Mien Bae 95 3.2.1 Viec hoan thien runn tri nhCn sn phni tuo dieu kien cho sn phat trien toan dien cng moi vien Tong cong ty 95 3.2.2 Viec hoan thien qunn tri nhCn sn phni nhdm vao viec khai thac va phat huy cao nhat nhCn to nghdi hout dong kinh doanh 96 3.2.3 Viec hoan thien qunn tri nhCn sn phni ke tuc va phat huy dhpc nhung phdm chat va truyen thong tot dep cna nghdi Viet Nam, ket hop vdi yeu cau phat trien nen kinh te thi trhdng dinh hhdng XHCN va vdi xu the hoi nhap vao sn phat trien kinh te va thhong mui the gidi 3.3 Gini phtp hoan hhien qunn hri nhnn su eaa Tnng eOng hy lunng hhue Mien Bae gy 99 3.3.1 Doi mdi va nCng cao chat lhong tuyen dung nhCn sn 99 3.3.2 Bo tri va sU dung hop ly nhCn sn 103 3.3.3 Dai ngo thon dang nghdi lao dong 104 3.3.4 Hien dui hoa dieu kien lam viec 104 3.3.5 Su dung tong hop cac phhong phap qunn tri nhCn sn, dac biet chu ap dung cac phhong phap hien dui 105 3.3.6 Houch dinh chien lhoc phat trien nghdi va quy houch doi ngu nhCn sn 107 3.3.7 To chute tot viec huan luyen va phat trien nhCn sn 108 3.3.8 Doi mdi viec phCn loui nhCn sn 111 3.3.9 Tieu chuan hoa nhCn sn 112 3.3.10 Cac gini phap khac 114 Keh luan 119 Tai lieu hham hhno 121 DANH MUC CAC CHtT VIET TAT Tir viet tat QTNS Viet day du Quan tri nhan str DANH MUC CAC HINH VE Hinh 1.1: Qua trinh hoach dinh nguon nhan su 21 Hinh 1.2: Trinh tu xay dung chuong trinh dao tao va phat trien 32 Hinh 2.1: Su to chuc bo may Tong Cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac 54 Hinh 2.2: Co cau to chuc va chuc nang hoat dong cua phong To chuc Lao dong Tong Cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac 70 Hinh 2.3: Bien dong tong so nhan su cua Tong Cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac 1997-2002 79 Hinh 2.4: Bien dong nhan su cua Tong Cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac giai doan 1997-2002 theo trinh ngoai ngu 81 Hinh 2.5: Ty le lao dong theo tuoi tai thoi diem nam 2002 84 DANH MUC CAC BANG BIEU Bang 2.1: Ket qua hoat dong kinh doanh cua Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mi6n Bac 56 Bang 2.2: Mang ludi kinh doanh cua Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac tai thdi diem nam 2002 58 Bang 2.3 : Ket cau hoat dong kinh doanh cua mang ludi kinh doanh luong thuc cua Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac tai thdi diem nam 2002 60 Bang 2.4: Co cau va chat luong lao dong cua Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac tai thdi diem nam 2002 63 Bang 2.5: Cac hoat dong quan tri nhan su chu yeu Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac 68 Bang 2.6 : Su bien dong lao dong theo trinh chuyen mon cua Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac 80 Bang 2.7: Su bien dong lao dong cua Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac theo hinh thuc tuyen dung 83 Bang 2.8: Su bien dong lao dong cua Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac theo gicti tfnh va tuoi 84 Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh LO’I CAM ON Trong qua trinh nghien chu va hoan luan van, tac gia da nhan duqc su giup quf bau, nhiet tinh cua cac thay, co giao, cac can bo o Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bac va cac ban dong nghiep Tac gia cua luan van xin chan cam on cac thay, co giao khoa kinh te thuong mai, cac can bo cua phong To chuc lao dong cua Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bac cung cac ban dong nghiep va dac biet la thay giao hudng din da nhiet tinh giup qua trinh thuc hien Do QTNS la mot van de dang noi com nhieu doanh nghiep, ban, nganh; hieu biet cua tac gia ve van de han che, cho nen luan van khong tranh khdi nhung thieu sot Rat mong nhan duqc su dong gop y kien cua cac thay, co va cac doc gia quan tarn Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh Md DAU 1/ Tinh cap thiet cua de tai Tu dat nude ta chuyen sang nen kinh te thi trudng co su quan ly cua Nha nude, doanh nghiep thuong mai cang dong vai tro quan trong su phat trien cua dat nude, dac biet la cac doanh nghiep chuyen kinh doanh luong thuc Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bdc la mot nhung doanh nghiep thuong mai- dong vai tro viec binh on luong thuc tren thi trudng- vai tro cua don vi cang duqc khang dinh dieu kien nude ta la nude cd nen san xuat nong nghiep la chu yeu Trong ba yeu to co ban dau vao cua doanh nghiep thuong mai noi chung va cua Tong cong ty luong thuc Midn Bdc noi rieng: ngudi, von, tai san thi yeu to ngudi cd y nghia quan hang dau doi vdi moi hoat dong kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep thuong mai va cua Tong cong ty Quan tri nhan su cd hieu qua khong chi la mot nhiem vu cua quan tri doanh nghiep ma nd la didu kien cd y nghia quyet dinh de tao dung cong cua doanh nghiep thuong mai noi chung va cua Tong cong ty noi rieng Chinh vi vay quan tri nhan su cua Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bdc da tro mot nhung van de cap bach ma Tong cong ty dat qua trinh phat trien cua minh Xet cho cung, su cong cua Tong cong ty la ngudi quyet dinh, bdi vay quan tri nhan su duqc hoan thien la yeu to' tien quyet de cho Tong cong ty ton tai va phat trien Trude yeu cau cap bach tren, toi da lua chon de tai: “Giai phap hoan thien quan tri nhan sir cua Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bdc” lam luan van thac sy 21 Muc dich nghien cum cua luan van: + Luan van tap trung nghien cuu he thong If luan cd lien quan den quan tri nhan su doanh nghiep luong thuc + Danh gia thuc trang quan tri nhan su cua Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bdc + Tren co so If luan va thuc tidn de giai phap hoan thien quan tri nhan su cua Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bdc Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh 3/ Doi tirong va pham vi nghien curu + Doi tuqng nghien cuu cua luan van la quan tri nhan su cua Tong Cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac + Pham vi nghien cu’u cua luan van la nhung van de co lien quan den quan tri nhan su cua Tong cong ty luong thuc Midn Bac; thoi gian tir nam 1997 den 4/ Phtrdng phap nghien curu Cac phu’ong phap nghien cuu se dupe sir dung qua trinh viet luan van la: ❖ Phuong phap logic, lich su, thong ke, ❖ Phuong phap phan tich tong hop 5/ Nhurng dong gop cua luan van Mot la: He thong hoa ve mat If luan van de quan tri nhan str doanh nghiep luong thuc va lam ro vai tro ngudi su phat trien cua doanh nghiep Hai la: Phan tich thuc trang quan tri nhan su cua Tong cong ty Luong thuc Midn Bdc Ba la: Neu len cac ket luan danh gia co he thong ve thuc trang cong tac quan tri nhan su Bon la: Tren co so cac phan tich danh gia, xac dinh mot so giai phap nhdm hoan thien quan tri nhan su cua Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bac 6/ Ket cau cua luan van Ngoai phan mo dau, ket luan, luan gom chuong: ChiTcinq 1: Mot so van de li luan ve quan tri nhan su doanh nghiep luctng thuc ChiTcinq 2: Phan tich thuc trang quan tri nhan sucua Tong cong ty luctng thuc Mien Bac ChiTcinq 3: Gz’Jz phap hoan thien quan tri nhan sucua Tong cong ty luung thuc Mien Bac Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh CHUONG MOT SO VAN BE LI LUAN VE QUAN TRI NHAN SU TRONG DOANH NGHIEP LUONG THUC 1.1 Su can thiet phai hoan thien quan tri nhan sir doanh nghiep luong thuc 1.1.1 Mot so khdi niem co1 ban 1.1.1.1 Doanh nghiep luong thuc Nha nude * Khai quat ve luong thuc Luong thuc luon duqc coi la mot nhung van de thu hut su quan tarn cua moi che do, moi thdi dai Hang nam, tren hanh tinh cua chung ta, cuoc song cua hang ti ngudi phu thuoc vao ket qua san xuat va luu thong luong thuc vi luong thuc la nguon cung cap calo quan cho ngudi Khong phai ngSu nhien ma to chuc Nong nghiep va Luong thuc cua Lien hiep quoc ( FAO ) lay 16 thang 10 hang nam lam “ Ngay luong thuc the gidi” de nhde nhd va keu goi cac quoc gia tren the gidi cung hop sue lai, bang nhung bien phap huu hieu, phat trien san xuat va tieu dung hop ly de chong nan doi va suy dinh duong Luong thuc bao gom lua mi, gao, ngo, khoai sdn Tuy theo dieu kien tu nhien va tap quan san xuat, tieu dung khac ma co cau cung cd sir khac tren cac quoc gia va chau luc Song hien co cau luong thuc cua the gidi nhu sau: lua mi: 30,5%; lua gao: 26,5%; ngo : 24%; cac loai khac : 19% Can cd theo co cau ma cac doanh nghiep chuyen kinh doanh luong thuc se co nhung dinh hudng chien luqc kinh doanh cua minh * Doanh nghiep luong thuc Nha nude Trong cong cuoc doi mdi co che quan ly kinh te d nude ta, cac doanh nghiep san xuat kinh doanh noi chung va cac doanh nghiep luong thuc noi rieng duqc xac lap phu hop vdi co che kinh doanh mdi Tham gia vao thi trudng kinh doanh luong thuc, hien cd nhieu phan kinh te khac nhung pham vi nghien cuu luan van chi de cap den loai hinh doanh nghiep luong thuc Nha nude La don vi kinh doanh, doanh nghiep luong thuc Nha nude la Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh nhung don vi hach toan kinh te doc lap co tir each phap nhan, co tai khoan rieng d Ngan hang va chiu trach nhiem lam tron nghia vu vdi ngan sach Nha nude Xet theo quan diem vi mo, doanh nghiep luong thuc Nha nude la nhung to chu’c kinh te cd tu each phap nhan thuc hien viec kinh doanh hang hoa luong thuc tren thi tru’dng theo nguyen tac toi da hoa lqi fch cua doi tuqng tieu dung va thu loi nhuan Xet theo quan diem vi mo doanh nghiep luong thuc la mot cong dong lqi ich cua mot to chu’c cd ngudi lanh dao, cd muc tieu kinh doanh va gom hai bo phan gdn vdi mot each huu co: Nha nude va ngudi lao dong Theo quan diem phap ly, doanh nghiep luong thuc Nha nude la nhung to chuc kinh te cua Nha nude, kinh doanh theo co che lay thu bit chi va cd lqi nhuan, thuc hien kinh doanh thu lqi nhuan khuon kho cua luat phap quy dinh Nhiem vu chii yeu cua doanh nghiep luong thuc Nha nude giai doan kinh doanh mdi la to chu’c kinh doanh mua ban hang hoa luong thuc, vat tu va hang hoa phuc vu cho su phat trien va dudng loi khuyen nong cua Dang va Nha nude Dae diem cua hang hoa ma doanh nghiep luong thuc kinh doanh khac vdi cac loai hang hoa khac Cac mat hang luong thuc thoc, gao, ngo, khoai sdn, vat tu nong nghiep va hang hoa khac la nhung mat hang thiet yeu phuc vu cho ddi song cua dan cu va nhu cau phat trien nganh san xuat che bien Su anh hu’dng cua san xuat nong nghiep cd tinh thdi vu keo theo viec kinh doanh cd tinh chat thdi vu cua kinh doanh hang hoa luong thuc Mat khac co che kinh doanh hien cho phep cac phan kinh te binh dang kinh doanh, canh tranh tren thi tru’dng nen cac doanh nghiep luong thuc Nha nude cung phai phan dau khong ngu’ng de dat hieu qua cao nhat Phu hop vdi tinh hinh phat trien nen kinh te thuc hien chinh sach da phuong hoa quan he ddi ngoai cua Dang va Nha nude, doanh nghiep luong thuc Nha nu’dc phai khong ngu’ng phan dau dam bao hang hoa kinh doanh nude va xuat khau hang hoa luong thuc Trong may nam qua, viec xuat khau hang hoa luong thuc nude ta da cd nhung trien vong tot, hang nam cd hang trieu tan luong thuc duqc xuat khau Do la nguon thu ngoai te dang ke de phat trien kinh te nganh va gop phan phat trien kinh te quoc dan Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh -Phuong phap kinh te: phuong phap kinh te dung lpi fch de tac dong kich thich ngudi lao dong lam viec tich cue va co hieu qua Don day kinh te ma phuong phap kinh te thudng sir dung la tien luong, tien thudng va cac hinh thiic dai ngo khac dupc thuc hien bang nguon tai chinh doanh nghiep nhu td chiic di tham quan, nghi mat va ngoai nudc Doanh nghiep co the dung miic tien luong de bo tri lao dong hoac dieu chinh co cau lao dong Dung muc luong cao de khuyen khfch ngudi lao dong nhan cong tac d cac dia ban xa, hoac d cac khau lao dong nang nhoc, doc hai, thu hut cac chuyen gia gidi, cac thp tay nghe cao vao doanh nghiep Neu tien luong la mot khoan thu nhap on dinh theo dinh muc lao dong theo thdi gian hoac san pham ddi vdi tung cong viec, thi tien thudng lai la mot khoan linh hoat hon de kich thich ngudi lao dong phat huy sang kien, cai tien ky thuat, tiet kiem chi phi Quan tri nhan su bang may vi tinh: nay, viec lap hd so, thong ke theo doi hoat dong ciia nhan sir da dupc thuc hien nhd may tinh Nhd vay, giup cho cong tac quan ly nhan su chinh xac, kip thdi va hieu qua Mdi phuong phap quan tri nhan su noi tren deu cd nhung tru the rieng va nhung han che rieng Tuy tung dieu kien cu the tung thdi ky ma nhan manh phuong phap Do dd khong the sir dung chung mot each biet lap ma thong thudng ngudi ta thudng sir dung mot each tong hop mdi cd hieu qua 3.3.6 Hoqch dinh chien litoc phat trien ngudi vd quy hoach doi ngu nhan su: Chien lupc phat trien nhan su xac dinh, muc tieu, phuong hudng co ban va cac bien phap tong quat ve phat trien ngudi lao dong ciia doanh nghiep cho mot thdi ky dai Noi dung chien lupc ngudi thudng de cap den cac du bao: ♦♦♦ Nganh nghe va co cau lao dong ♦♦♦ Tuoi nghe trung binh 107 Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh ❖ Trinh chuyen mon va van hoa( nghiep vu, chuyen mon, ngoai ngu, tin hoc cac linh vuc kien thiic mdi se lien quan can phai tiep can) ♦♦♦ Phuong huong dao tao ❖ Stic khoe ( cac chi tieu the luc ) Dieu kien lam viec ung vdi sir tien bo khoa hoc, cong nghe ❖ Mire song (thu nhap ) De du bao duqc cac noi dung tren, phai can cur vao: - Chien luqc phat trien cua Tong cong ty - Chien luqc phat trien thi trudng- thuong mai Viet nam - Chien luqc phat trien kinh te- xa hoi - Du bao phat trien thuong mai the gidi va khu vuc - Du bao phat trien khoa hoc va cong nghe Tren co so chien luqc phat trien nhan su, Tong cong ty tien hanh lap quy hoach nhan sir xac dinh cu the hon su phat trien doi ngu nhan su: du kien can bo ke can cap Tong cong ty, cap lanh dao cac don vi vien, va doi ngu chuyen gia, tho ky thuat bac cao de cd ke hoach dao tao, boi dudng 3.3.7 To chi'tc tot viec huan luyen va phat trien nhan sit + Huan luyen nhan su Huan luyen nhan su la net noi bat cua khoa hoc quan tri nhan su hien dai, tao dieu kien cho ho tinh thong nghe nghiep, thich ung vdi sir thay doi sir phat trien san xuat kinh doanh ddi hoi Viec chuyen tir co che ke hoach hoa tap trung sang co che thi trudng thdi gian qua da buoc Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac phai dao tao lai cac kien thu’c quan ly kinh doanh theo ly thuyet cua kinh te thi trudng Mat khac, sir phat trien nhanh chong cua khoa hoc- cong nghe, siic ep cua canh tranh cung 108 Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh la nhtrng nhan to thuc day Tong cong ty coi huan luyen va phat trien nhan sir Cong tac huan luyen nhan sir ddi hoi phai de cap va giai quyet tot cac van de sau: Trudc het, phai xac dinh duoc muc dich huan luyen de lam gi? Khong xac dinh ro muc dich huan luyen thi kho xac dinh dung noi dung huan luyen Hai la, xac dinh yeu cau huan luyen ? Ba la, noi dung huan luyen: huan luyen cai gi ? the la phai xac dinh nhung kien thirc, nhung ky nang can trang bi Bon la, xac dinh ddi tuong huan luyen ? Huan luyen gi ? Nam la, xac dinh hinh thirc va phuong phap huan luyen ? Huan luyen nhu the nao? Sau la, thdi gian huan luyen : Huan luyen bao lau? De cong tac huan luyen dat dupe hieu qua cao Tong cong ty can ap dung cac hinh thu’e huan luyen sau day: Huan luyen noi bp: doanh nghiep hoac bo phan cong tac thuc hien mot each thudng xuyen va linh hoat Hinh thirc huan luyen cd uu diem la: cac kien thuc thu dupe cu the, chinh xac, noi dung huan luyen cd tinh thuc tiPn sau sac va sat vdi cong viec chuyen mon cua ddi tupng huan luyen, hinh thirc linh hoat va dp to chuc, tiet kiem chi phi, cd the tien hanh dong loat hay ca biet 109 Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh Huan luyen chinh quy tir ben ngoai: doanh nghiep cir ngudi di hoc theo chuong trinh huan luyen cua cac co so dao tao chuyen nghiep U’u diem cua hinh thiic la: kien thiic trang bi co he thong va tam khai quat cao Cach nhin va tiep can van de mdi me, co phuong tien hoc tap chuyen dung, doi ngu giao vien chuyen nghiep nen chat luqng cd kha nang tot hon Ngoai doanh nghiep cd the td chiic cho nhan su di tap huan hoac tham quan hoc tap kinh nghiem ciia cac cong ty, tap doan tien tien ngoai nudc +Phat trien nhan sit Trai qua qua trinh lam viec tai Tong cong ty, nhin chung doi ngu cong nhan vien deu trudng ve nghiep vu chuyen mon, nang luc to chiic quan ly kinh doanh va kinh nghiem thuc tidn Tong cong ty can cd quy hoach nhan su va can bo de tao nhung co hoi thuc su cho tung ca nhan cd kha nang thu siic, tu boc lo nang luc ciia minh va co hoi thang tien Thong qua dd de thang tien, bo nhiem nhan su vao cac chiic vu quan tri ttr cap thap den cap cao + Danh gid vd xit ly nhan sit Danh gia va xii ly nhan su la mot cong viec he trong, vi nd lien quan den lqi ich kinh te, chinh tri va danh du ciia mdi ngudi va cd ca mot tap the Cd danh gia nhan su mdi thay duqc diem manh, diem yeu de cd bien phap phat huy hoac khac phuc, dong vien kip thdi cac nhan to tich cue De danh gia nhan sir mot each chinh xac, quan tri nhan su phai cd quan diem toan dien, quan diem lich sir quan diem phat trien va thai trung thuc khach quan Viec danh gia nhan su Tong cong ty chu yeu ngudi quan ly true tiep thuc hien: bdi vi, ngudi quan ly true tiep la ngudi giao viec, dong thdi cung la ngudi to chuc chi dao thuc hien va cd dam nhan ca viec nghiem thu ket qua Khi danh gia nhan su chu yeu can cu vao ket qua thuc hien nhiem vu duqc giao gdn vdi cac dieu kien lam viec hien cd cua doanh nghiep Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh Viec danh gia nhan su can duqc cong khai Sau danh gia nhan su, van de cuoi cung la xu ly nhan su dua vao ket qua danh gia de: de bat, tang luong, to chu’c boi ren luyen bo tri lai cong viec, thudng, phat 3.3.8 Boi moi viec phan loai nhan sit Mot nha quan tri nhan su d mot doanh nghiep, trudc het phai ndm duqc doanh nghiep minh co cac loai chu’c danh nhan su nao? Quan tri doanh nghiep thuong mai Nha nudc bao gom nhieu mat: quan tri hang hoa, quan tri tai san, quan tri tai chinh, quan tri nhan su, Quan tri tat ca cac mat ddu ngudi thu’c hien va mdi mat quan tri ddu cac chuc danh nhat dinh dam nhan Trudc day, cac doanh nghiep Nha nudc d nudc ta, thudng phan loai nhan su theo cac tieu thu’c cua nen kinh te ke hoach, la san xuat vat chat va phi san xuat vat chat Khi chuyen sang nen kinh te thi trudng, each phan loai khong thich ho’p nua Vi vay can phai ap dung each phan loai nhan su hien dai vao doanh nghiep Trong cac tai lieu ve quan tri nhan su doanh nghiep d cac nudc cd nen kinh te thi trudng, ngu’di ta thudng phan loai nhan su theo cac tieu thu’c sau: * Theo cap cua qua trinh quan tri, ngudi ta chia loai can bo quan tri: cap thap, cap trung gian va cap cao - Nha quan tri cap thap: nhiem vu cua nha quan tri cap thap la true tiep thu’c hien cac cong viec cu the duqc giao Cac nha quan tri cap thap chinh la nhung cong nhan, nhan vien thira hanh, ho lam viec dudi sir chi huy cua cac nha quan tri cap trung gian -Nha quan tri cap trung gian gom cac to trudng, trudng phong ban vi tri cua cac nha quan tri cap trung gian ndm giua nha quan tri cap thap va cap cao Ho vira tru’e tiep thu’c hien cac cong viec cu the nhu cong nhan, nhan vien nhung lai vira thuc hien chu’c nang chi huy nhung ngudi thira hanh Nha quan tri cap trung gian nhan menh lenh cua cac nha quan tri cap cao va to chu’c thuc hien cac Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh menh lenh Do vay ho phai gidi ve chuyen mon dong thdi lai phai co dau oc to chu’c quan ly Hieu qua cong tac cua nha quan tri cap trung gian the hien d ket qua cong tac cua toan bo phan ho phu trach -Nha quan tri cap cao: Day la cac nha quan tri dung d vi tri cao nhat qua trinh quan tri, ho co trach nhiem nang ne nhat, cd mang ludi hoat dong va tac dong qua lai rong nhat Chu’c nang chinh cua cac nha quan tri cap cao la cac quyet dinh quan ly va chiu trach nhiem cuoi cung ve toan bo hoat dong cua minh Ho phai gianh phan ldn thdi gian de du’ong dau va giai quyet cong viec vdi nhung ngudi dai dien cho cac to chu’c khac va vdi cac nha quan tri cap cao nhat cua cac to chu’c * Theo noi dung cong viec cd loai quan tri vien - Cac nha quan tri chu’c nang la nhung nha quan tri cac cong viec duqc chuyen mon hoa theo tung linh vuc nhat dinh, vi du kinh doanh, tai chinh, lao dong nen cdn goi la cac nha quan tri tung bo phan Trong qua trinh thuc hien nhiem vu cua minh, cac nha quan tri chu’c nang cd quan he doc (quan he vdi cac nha quan tri cung cap d linh vuc khac) va quan he cheo - Cac nha quan tri tong hop, trach nhiem cua cac nha quan tri tong hop rat nang nd, phuc tap Cong viec cua ho mang tinh chat tong hop va dung tren pham vi toan doanh nghiep 3.3.9 Tien chuan hod nhan su Tieu chuan hoa nhan su la viec xac dinh cac yeu cau ve chuyen mon nghiep vu, dao dire va su’c khoe can cd cua tung chiic danh lao dong phu hop vdi yeu cdu va nhiem vu cong viec ma nhan su phai dam nhan tung thdi ky nhat dinh Tieu chuan hoa nhan su la can cii de tuyen dung, dao tao, bdi dudng, bo tri sir dung, dd bat danh gia nhan su, 112 Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh Hien nay, nhieu doanh nghiep thuong mai Nha nudc, cong tac tieu chuan hoa nhan sir bi xem nhe, chua xay dung duoc tieu chuan hoa, cung co nhieu doanh nghiep da xay dung tieu chuan nhung chua day du va so sai Dieu da gay nen tinh trang tien viec tuyen dung, dao tao, bo tri, danh gia nhan su Vi vay, dua cong tac tieu chuan hoa nhan su vao Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bac va doi mdi noi dung tieu chuan hoa cho phu hop vdi yeu cau nhiem vu quan ly kinh doanh theo co che thi trudng la het sire can thiet De lam tot cong tac tieu chuan hoa nhan su, can luu y mot so diem sau - Can nam vung yeu cau va can cu tieu chuan hoa nhan su Tieu chuan hoa nhan sir phai can cu vao: +Can cu vao dac diem va tmh chat lao dong Hoat dong kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep thuong mai la mot qua trinh khep kin, bao gom nhieu khau ( cong doan) cd quan he mat thiet vdi Mdi loai lao dong cd dac diem va tmh chat khac nhau, yeu cau chuyen mon nghiep vu ky thuat va sue khoe khong giong nhau, nen tieu chuan dat cung khac +Can cd vao chdc nang, nhiem vu cua timg chdc danh Cac cong doan ciia qua trinh kinh doanh duqc bo tri cac chuc danh khac Mdi chdc danh thuc hien mot hoac mot vai chdc nang nhiem vu nhat dinh Tuy theo chdc nang, nhiem vu chdc danh dam nhan ma xac dinh tieu chuan cho chdc danh dd +Can cd vao dieu kien trang thiet bi va cong nghe cua qua trinh kinh doanh - Khi xay dung tieu chuan nhan su can tiep can vdi kien thde ve khoa hoc va quan ly kinh doanh hien dai, cac dinh mdc kinh te- ky thuat tien tien Su tien bo nhanh chong cua khoa hoc- cong nghe va quan ly, vdi nhung thiet bi va phuong tien lam viec hien dai ddi hoi nhan su phai am hieu va su dung thao Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh - Tieu chuan nhan sir bao gom nhieu mat Tieu chuan chuyen mon nghiep vu, tieu chuan ngoai ngu, tieu chuan tin hoc, tieu chuan sire khoe, tieu chuan dao dire, tieu chuan giao tiep trng xu, - Ngudi lam quan tri nhan su cung phai dam bao cac tieu chuan nhat dinh mdi co the lam tot cong tac nhan sir 3.3.10 Cac gidi phap khac Viec hoan thien quan tri nhan su cua Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bdc phai phu hop vdi dudng loi cua Dang ve phat trien doanh nghiep Nha nudc, phu hop vdi boi canh chuyen doi doanh nghiep quoc doanh tir nen kinh te ke hoach sang nen kinh te thi trudng phai dua duqc cac tu tudng quan tri nhan su hien dai vao Tong cong ty va cuoi cung la chung minh duqc tinh hieu qua viec hoan thien nhan sir dem lai Chinh vi vay, can cd cac giai phap d tarn vi md de nhdm tao dieu kien tien dd cho viec doi mdi hoat dong d Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bdc, hoan thien nhan su va cong tac quan tri nhan su Mot nhung giai phap can phai ke den la : 8.1 Hoan thien mdi tru’dng kinh doanh nham tao dieu kien thuan lai cho Tong cong ty hoat dong Hoan thien mdi trudng kinh doanh thuc chat la thuc day su phat trien va hoan thien cac bien phap hop mdi trudng kinh doanh Hoat dong kinh doanh luong thuc cua Tong cOng ty Luong thuc Midn Bdc mdi chuyen tir moi trudng bao cap sang mdi trudng kinh doanh theo co che thi trudng Thi trudng va cac yeu to cua mdi trudng kinh doanh mdi hinh thanh, chua dong bo va kem phat trien Hon nua bi anh hudng boi mdi trudng cu kha nang ne d day, yeu to canh tranh, binh ddng, ky cuong va cong bang cua luat choi rat han che Vi the chua tao didu kien thuan lqi cho Tong cong ty va ngudi lao dong khai thac day du tiem nang va hieu qua kinh doanh Do do, viec hoan thien mdi trudng kinh doanh la giai phap co ban cd y nghia quyet dinh, tao dieu kien de Tong cong ty va ngudi lao dong phat huy day du tiem nang kinh doanh cua minh 114 Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh Viec hoan thien he thong luat le cung vdi chinh sach kinh te la noi dung quan cua viec hoan thien mdi tru’dng kinh doanh He thong luat phap cua ta hien chira du, thieu cu the, chua hoan thien va chua theo kip yeu cau phat trien kinh te- xa hoi thdi ky chuyen sang co che thi trudng Song tinh trang thieu ky cuong, trat tu chii yeu khong phai vi thieu luat phap ma la khong nghiem chinh thi hanh phap luat De khdc phuc tinh trang dd can sira doi, bo sung va hoan thien he thong luat phap cho phu hop vdi yeu cau xay dung nen kinh te thi trudng, dinh hudng XHCN va xu hudng hoi nhap vao ndn kinh te the gidi va vdi thong le quoc te Hoan thien duqc he thong luat phap va cac chinh sach chdc chan se dem lai trat tu ky cuong hoat dong kinh doanh, dua Tong cong ty Luong thuc Midn Bac vao quy dao kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN Nhu vay se tao dieu kien de quan tri nhan sir cong Ngoai ra, moi trudng kinh doanh cung cd anh hudng true tiep den hieu qua hoat dong quan ly cua cac nha quan tri Tir dd anh hudng cong tac quan tri nhan sir Mdi trudng kinh doanh duqc bieu hien d mire tang trudng kinh te, nguon cung cap tien, ty le lam phat, chinh sach tien te, lai suat ngan hang, muc that nghiep Trong hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep thuong mai noi chung va cua Tong cong ty Luong thuc Midn Bac noi rieng, moi trudng kinh doanh cdn duqc quan tarn la hoat dong tai chinh, vi hoat dong tai chinh true tiep anh hudng den hoat dong khac cua doanh nghiep va cua Tong cong ty Da dang hoa nguon von cho hoat dong kinh doanh Bat ky doanh nghiep nao muon hoat dong can phai cd tien vdi “tu each” la von kinh doanh Von cua doanh nghiep ve co ban duqc tao tir cac nguon sau: ❖ Von ngan sach ♦♦♦ Von lien doanh, gop von ❖ Von tai trq ❖ Von vay 115 Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh De co the bao dam diroc nguon von cho hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh, Tong cong ty Luong thu’e Mien Bdc can phai co nhung giai phap thich hop nham thuc day viec huy dong von cho minh nhu": -Tong cong ty can nang cao nang luc giai trinh va phan tich du an kinh doanh -Cac ngan hang can co nhung bien phap chuyen trach hudng din cho Tong cong ty xay dung phuong an giai trinh mang tmh kha thi -Hoat dong tai chinh cua Tong cong ty phai tuan thu theo dung cac qui dinh cua phap luat bao dam va quan ly von -Chuan bi cac dieu kien can thiet de tham gia vao hoat dong cua thi trudng tai chinh - tien te -Sil’ dung co hieu qua nguon von kinh doanh Bao dam su on dinh ciia nen kinh te Tinh on dinh va phat trien cua nen kinh te co vai tro quan trong hoat dong quan ly ciia cac nha quan tri doanh nghiep Mot doanh nghiep chi co the hoat dong co hieu qua ma moi trudng kinh doanh vi mo thuan lqi Do vay, can han che den muc tdi da lam phat; that nghiep va co cac chinh sach tai khoa quoc gia Cd nhu vay, gia tri thuc te hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh mang lai mdi cd hieu qua dich thuc 8.2 Gidi quyet sd lao dong doi dll’ Bu’dc vao giai doan phat trien mdi ciia nen kinh te va dung trudc nhung thach thuc, co? hoi ciia tien trinh hoi nhap, yeu cau day nhanh cai each doanh nghiep nha nudc la mot nhung nhiem vu quan hang dau Tong cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bdc la mot doanh nghiep nha nudc cung khong nSm ngoai guong may Song cai each bao gid cung cd mat trai ciia nd Mot nhung mat trai dd la van dd lao dong ddi du, day thuc su la luc can khong chi tac dong ddi vdi tien trinh cai each doanh nghiep Nha nudc noi chung va ciia Tong cong ty noi rieng ma tac dong den sir phat trien ciia nen kinh te Theo so lieu tir phong lao dong tien luong ciia Tong cong ty thi tong sd lao dong dang lam viec tai 31 doanh nghiep don vi vien ciia Tong cong ty va tai van phong Tong 116 Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh cong ty la 7.163 ngudi Song chat luong lao dong rat thap: ty le lao dong dupe dao tao chi chiem khoang 38 %, so lai la lao dong thong, lao dong tir co che bao cap de lai Neu thuc hien tien trinh cai each thi se co khoang 2.500 lao dong khong co du trinh dap ung cong viec se bi thai loai So lao dong doi dir dang la sue ep doi vdi Tong cong ty Giai quyet van de lao dong ddi du nhu the nao? Day la mot cau hoi khong dd tim dupe cau tra ldi thuyet phuc Van dd lao dong doi du la mot van de mang tinh xa hoi cao va kho co the giai quyet mot sdm mot chidu Giai quyet lao dong doi du khong phai la su khoan trdng cho Tong cong ty lam hay chuyen tra trach nhiem giai quyet cho nha nudc ma phai la nhiem vu va trach nhiem cua ca nudc va doanh nghiep Theo tdi thiet nghi, Tong cong ty la noi quan ly va sir dung lao dong nen khong khac la ngudi cd trach nhiem true tiep dua hudng giai quyet Nha nudc chi la ngudi hd trp, giup dd va phan giai cac mau thuSn giua Tong cong ty va ngudi lao dong Ve phfa Tong cong ty: Phai chii dong xac dinh ke hoach giai quyet lao dong ddi du tren co so de an doi mdi, Tong cong ty cd the xem xet mot so mot noi dung chinh, dd la: ffl Phan loai lao dong de xac dinh so lao dong doi du £Q| Dua hudng giai quyet doi vdi lao dong ddi du Ddi vdi lao dong sSp den tuoi nghi huu ( ngudi lao dong dudi nam cong tac la den tuoi nghi huu, co the trp cap de dam bao cac che huu tri cho ho So lao dong lai (chiem da so) cSn hudng giai quyet nhu tai sir dung sau da dao tao, dao tao lai, hd trp chuyen sang nganh nghe mdi ffll Xac dinh nguon von de giai quyet lao dong ddi du Ddi vdi Tong cong ty hien tai cd the lay tir cac nguon von sau: quy khen thudng, phuc loi, quy trp cap mat viec lam, quy trp cap thdi viec, ngoai cd the lay tir quy dao tao cua don vi ( neu cd) Ve phia Nha nudc : Tir nhung kho khan ve nguon von ngan sach Nha nudc, hudng di cua Nha nudc la han che hd trp true tiep, md rang hd trp gian tiep Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh Hd tro true tiep la Nha nudc chi tap trung vao hd tro mot phan kinh phi cho Tong cong ty viec dao tao, dao tao lai nghe nghiep cho ngudi lao dong mot so trudng hop can thiet hd tro bo sung cho ngudi lao dong ngheo tai (khoang tir thang den nam) HO tro gian tiep cua Nha nudc: hd trp ve co che va chinh sach lap nghiep ddi vdi lao dong doi du nhu cac chinh sach uu dai vd von tin dung, ve tien thue dat, ve thue san xuat kinh doanh 118 Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh KET LUAN ii w Doi chieu vdi muc dich nghien ciiu, luan van da hoan cac nhiem vu sau: Thu’ nhat, luan van da he thong cac ly luan co ban lien quan den de tai nghien ciiu, la cac ly luan v& - Quan tri nhan six va doanh nghiep luong thuc Nha Nudc - Noi dung ciia quan tri nhan su doanh nghiep luong thuc - Nhan to' co ban anh hudng den quan tri nhan su Thu’ hai, luan van da phan tich tinh hinh thuc trang quan tri nhan su d Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bac, tir dd rut nhan xet danh gia: * Nhung titu quan tri nhan sit ma Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bac dd dat duqc: + Da cd mot guong may gon nhe + Mdi trudng quan he nhan van Tong cong ty vln giu duqc miic on dinh tuong ddi + Sir bien dong lao dong cd xu hudng tot + Xac dinh ro dinh hudng hinh thirc tuyen dung tuong lai + Phan dinh va xac lap mdi quan he giua cac chu’c danh nhan su la phu hop vdi kinh doanh theo co che thi trudng + Viec uy nhiem, uy quyen, phan quyen Tong cong ty duqc phan dinh rat cu the, ro rang, dat tinh phap ly cao + Cong tac dao tao cung da duqc Tong cong ty chu * Nhung van de ton tai quan tri nhan su cua Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bac +Tfnh nang dong, sang tao cua e kip lam viec d Tong cong ty han che + Mdi quan he giua quan tri gia xo cung, khuon mSu + Cd sir cling nhSc nguon tuyen dung va tuyen dung cd su thien vi, va chu quan * Nguyen nhan cua nhung ton tai tren + Do viec tao dung e kip lam viec d Tong cong ty chua tao duqc nhieu khuOn mat cd nhung quan diem rieng + Do viec xac lap cac mdi quan he giua quan tri gia md nhat Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh + Do nguon tuyen dung la nguon noi bo nen nhan vien mdi diroc tuyen dung chu yeu la nhung ngudi than, em Tong cong ty va cac don vi vien Thir ba, luan van da de xuat mot he thong cac giai phap nham hoan thien quan tri nhan sir cua Tong cong ty luong thuc Mien Bac, bao gom: - Ddi mdi va nang cao chat luqng tuyen dung nhan su - Bo' tri va su dung hqp ly nhan su - Dai ngo thoa dang ngudi lao dong - Hien dai hoa dieu kien lam viec - Su dung tong hqp cac phuong phap quan tri nhan su, dac biet chu ap dung cac phuong phap hien dai - Hoach dinh chien luqc phat trien ngudi va quy hoach doi ngu nhan su - To chuc tot viec huan luyen va phat trien nhan sir - Ddi mdi viec phan loai nhan sir - Tieu chuan hoa nhan su 120 Luan van thac sy quan tri kinh doanh DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO NXB Thong ke /1998 Chu bien PGS.PTS Pham Due Thanh: Giao trinh quan tri nhan str NXB Thong ke/1999 Nguyen Thanh Hoi: Quan tri nhan sir NXB Giao duc/1998 PGS.PTS Hoang Minh Dudng & PTS Nguyen Thira Loe: Giao trinh quan tri doanh nghiep thuong mai NXB Thong ke/1999 TS Nguyen Xuan Quang & TS Nguyen Thira Loe: Giao trinh quan tri doanh nghiep thuong mai NXB Chinh tri quoc gia/1996 PTS Tran Van Timg, Le Lam: Phat trien nguon nhan luc, kinh nghiem the gidi va thuc tidn nudc ta NXB Chinh tri quoc gia/1995 DO Minh Cuong, Vuong Ky Son: Vai trd ngudi quan ly doanh nghiep NXB Chinh tri quoc gia/1996 Van de ngudi su nghiep CNH- HDH dat nudc NXB Thong ke/1997 Nguy6n Hai San: Quan tri hoc NXB Thanh Pho Ho Chi Minh/1992 Tran Kim Dung: Quan tri nhan su 10 NXB Thanh Pho' Ho Chi Minh/1994 NguySn Dinh Hien: QTNS Cong ty Nhat Ban 11 Nha xuat ban Thong ke/1996 TS Nguy6n Thi Lien Diep: Quan tri hoc 12 Nha xuat ban Su that/1993 Mtokazu aoki: Nghe thuat quan ly cua Nhat ban 13 So lieu thong ke cua Tong Cong ty Luong thuc Mien Bac 14 Tap chi thuong mai, thdi bao kinh te 121