© ISO 2016 Non destructive testing of welds — Acceptance levels for radiographic testing — Part 1 Steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys Essais non destructifs des assemblages soudés — Niveaux d’acc[.]
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10675-1 Second edition 2016-12-15 Non-destructive testing of welds — Acceptance levels for radiographic testing — Part 1: Steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys Essais non destructifs des assemblages soudés — Niveaux d’acceptation pour évaluation par radiographie — Partie 1: Acier, nickel, titane et leurs alliages Reference number ISO 10675-1:2016(E) I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n © ISO 2016 ISO 10675-1:2016(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part o f this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country o f the requester ISO copyright o ffice Ch de Blandonnet • CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyright@iso.org www.iso.org ii I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 10675-1:2016(E) Contents Page Foreword iv Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Radiographic technique Acceptance levels Annex A (informative) Guide to the limitations of radiographic testing Annex B (informative) Examples for determination of area percentage (%) of imperfections Annex C (informative) Calculation of the sum of acceptable areas Bibliography 10 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n iii ISO 10675-1:2016(E) Foreword I SO (the I nternational O rganiz ation for Standardiz ation) is a worldwide federation of national s tandards bodies (ISO member bodies) The work o f preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has b een es tablished has the right to b e represented on that committee I nternational organi zation s , governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with I SO, al so take p ar t in the work ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o f elec trotechnical s tandardi z ation T he procedures used to develop this cument and those intended for its fur ther maintenance are describ ed in the I SO/I E C D irec tives , Par t I n p ar ticu lar the different approval criteria needed for the di fferent types o f ISO documents should be noted This document was dra fted in accordance with the editorial ru les of the I SO/I E C D irec tives , Par t (see www iso org/direc tives) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o f the elements o f this document may be the subject o f patent rights ISO shall not be held responsible for identi fying any or all such patent rights Details o f any patent rights identified during the development o f the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the I SO l is t of p atent declarations received (see www iso org/p atents) Any trade name used in this document is in formation given for the convenience o f users and does not cons titute an endors ement For an explanation on the meaning o f ISO specific terms and expressions related to formity assessment, as well as information about I SO ’s adherence to the World Trade O rganization ( WTO) principles in the Technical B arriers to Trade (TB T ) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword html T he comm ittee res p ons ible for this cument is I SO/ TC 4, SC , Welding and allied processes, Sub committee Testing and inspection of welds This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10675-1:2008), which has been technically revised Requests for o fficial interpretations o f any aspect o f this document should be directed to the Secretariat o f ISO/TC 44/SC via your national standards body A complete listing o f these bodies can be found at www iso org A lis t of al l p ar ts in the I SO 10 675 series can b e found on the I SO web s ite iv I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10675-1:2016(E) Non-destructive testing of welds — Acceptance levels for radiographic testing — Part 1: Steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys Scope T h i s c u ment s p e ci fie s accep tance level s for i nd ic ation s from i mp er fe c tion s i n butt weld s o f s te el, n ickel, tita n iu m a nd thei r a l loys de te c te d by rad io graph ic te s ti ng I f agre e d, the accep ta nce level s c an b e appl ie d to o ther typ e s o f weld s or materi a l s T he accep ta nce level s c an b e rel ate d to weld i ng s ta nda rd s , appl ic ation s tanda rd s , s p e c i fic ation s or codes This document assumes that the radiographic testing has been carried out in accordance with ISO 17636-1 and ISO 17636-2 When as s e s s i ng whe ther a weld me e ts the re qu i rements s p e c i fie d for a weld qua l ity level, the s i z e s o f i mp er fe c tion s p erm itte d b y s tandard s are comp a re d with the d i men s ion s o f i nd ic ation s reve a le d b y a radiograph made of the weld Normative references T he fol lowi ng c u ments are re ferre d to i n the tex t i n s uch a way th at s ome or a l l o f thei r content s titute s re qu i rements o f th i s c u ment For date d re ference s , on ly the e d ition cite d app l ie s For u ndate d re ference s , the late s t e d ition o f the re ference d c ument (i nclud i ng a ny amend ments) appl ie s ISO 5817, Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections ISO 6520-1, Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic ISO 17636-1, Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing — Part 1: X- and gamma-ray materials — Part : Fusion welding techniques with film ISO 17636-2, Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing — Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with digital detectors ISO 17637, Non-destructive testing of welds — Visual testing of fusion-welded joints Terms and definitions No term s and defi nition s a re l i s te d i n th i s c u ment ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: — IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/ — ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 10675-1:2016(E) Radiographic technique Welded joints shall be visually tested and evaluated in accordance with ISO 17637 be fore radiographic tes ting Depending on the weld quality level, radiographic technique A or B in accordance with ISO 17636-1 or I SO 1763 -2 shal l b e used, as shown in Table Table — Radiographic testing Quality levels in accordance with ISO 5817 Testing techniques and classes in accordance with ISO 17636-1 and ISO 17636-2 Acceptance levels in accordance with this document B B C Ba D A a However, the minimum number o f exposure for circum ferential weld testing may correspond to the re qu i rements o f cl a s s A o f I S O 176 -1 o r I S O 176 -2 When quantification o f undercut and/or excessive penetration by radiographic testing is required, specific procedures using test exposures may be applied in order to establish a basis for approximate quantification in accordance with the requirements o f ISO 5817 This shall be specified in the adopted specification/procedure Acceptance levels The acceptance levels o f this document are basically valid for evaluation o f imper fections which cannot be detected and evaluated by visual testing Sur face imper fections (such as undercut and excessive penetration, sur face damage, weld spatter, etc.) which, due to object geometry, cannot be evaluated, but where the interpreter suspects the ISO 5817 quality levels are not fulfilled, shall be subject to more specific testing T he accep tance level s for indications are shown in Table and Table selected from ISO 5817 and defined in ISO 6520-1 The types o f imper fections are The symbols used in Table and Table are the fol lowing: — l length of indication, in mi l l imetres; — s nominal butt weld thicknes s , in mi l l imetres; — t b ase material thicknes s , in mi l limetres; — L any 100 mm testing length; — wp width of the weld, in mi l l imetres; — h width of indication, the width or height of s urface imp erfec tion, in mi l l imetres; — d diameter of p ore, in mi l limetres; — dA diameter of p ore envelop e area; I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 10675-1:2016(E) — — — b A width of excess penetration of weld, in millimetres; sum o f projected areas o f indications related to each L × wp , in % (see Annex B); Σ l summary length o f imper fections within L , in millimetres (indications shall not be divided into different ranges L) Table — Acceptance levels for internal indications in butt welds No a Type of internal imperfections in accordance with ISO 6520-1 Acceptance level a Cracks (100) Not permitted 2a Porosity and gas pores A ≤ 2,5 % (2012, 2011) d ≤ 0,4 s, max mm Single layer L = 100 mm 2b Porosity and gas pores A ≤ % (2012, 2011) d ≤ 0,4 s, max mm Multilayer L = 100 mm b Clustered (localized) dA ≤ wp , max 25 mm porosity (2013) L = 100 mm Linear porosity (2014) l ≤ s, max 75 mm d ≤ 0,4 s, max mm L = 100 mm d Elongated cavities h < 0,4 s, max mm (2015) and wormholes Σ l ≤ s, max 75 mm (2016) L = 100 mm e Shrinkage cavity (202) h < 0,4 s, max mm (other than crater pipes) l ≤ 25 mm Crater pipe (2024) h ≤ 0,2 t, max mm l ≤ 0,2 t, max mm d Slag inclusions (301), h < 0,4 s, max mm flux inclusions (302) Σ l ≤ s, max 75 mm and oxide inclusions L = 100 mm (303) Metallic inclusions l ≤ 0,4 s, max mm (304) (other than copper) 10 Copper inclusions Not permitted (3042) 11e Lack of fusion (401) Permitted, but only intermittently and not breaking the surface Σ l ≤ 25 mm, L = 100 mm e 12 Lack of penetration Σ l ≤ 25 mm, L = 100 mm (402) Acceptance level a Not permitted Acceptance level Not permitted A ≤ 1,5 % d ≤ 0,3 s L A≤1% d ≤ 0,2 s L A≤3% d ≤ 0,3 s L A≤2% d ≤ 0,2 s L , max mm = 100 mm , max mm = 100 mm , max mm = 100 mm dA ≤ wp , max 20 mm L = 100 mm l ≤ s, max 50 mm d ≤ 0,3 s, max mm L = 100 mm h < 0,3 s, max mm Σ l ≤ s, max 50 mm L = 100 mm Not permitted , max mm = 100 mm dA ≤ wp/2, max 15 mm L = 100 mm l ≤ s, max 25 mm d ≤ 0,2 s, max mm L = 100 mm h < 0,2 s, max mm Σ l ≤ s, max 25 mm L = 100 mm Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted < 0,3 s, max mm L = 100 mm < 0,2 s, max mm L = 100 mm h Σ l ≤ s, max 50 mm l≤ 0,3 s, max mm h Σ l ≤ s, max 25 mm l≤ 0,2 s, max mm Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted Acceptance levels and may be specified with su ffix X, which denotes that all indications over 25 mm are unacceptable b See Figure C.1 and Figure C.2 (normative) c See Figure C.3 and Figure C.4 (normative) d See Figure C.5 and Figure C.6 (normative) e If the length of the weld is below 100 mm, then the maximum length of indications shall not exceed 25 % of that weld © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 10675-1:2016(E) Table — Surface imperfections No 13 14a 14b Type of surface imperfections in accordance with ISO 6520-1 Acceptance level a No t p erm itted No t p erm itted No t p erm itted Undercut, conti nues and Smo o th tran s ition i s Smo o th tran s ition i s Smo o th tran s ition i s i nterm ittent (5 01 , 01 ) requi red requi red requi red t> h h h mm ≤ 0,2 t, ma x m m Undercut, conti nues and Smo o th tran s ition i s i nterm ittent (5 01 , 01 ) requi red l≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,2 t ≤ 0,1 t, ma x , m m ≤ 0,05 t, m a x , m m Smo o th tran s ition i s Smo o th tran s ition i s requi red requi red l≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1 t No t p erm itted S h ri n kage gro ove (ro o t Smo o th tran s ition i s Smo o th tran s ition i s Smo o th tran s ition i s u ndercut 01 ) requi red requi red requi red t> 15b Acceptance level a C rater cracks (10 4) 0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ mm 15a Acceptance level 3 mm l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,2 t, ma x mm l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1 t, ma x mm l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,05 t, m a x S h ri n kage gro ove (ro o t Smo o th tran s ition i s Smo o th tran s ition i s Smo o th tran s ition u ndercut 01 ) requi red requi red requi red 0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ mm 16 a E xces s p ene tration (5 4) ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,1 t h ≤ mm + 0,6 b 16b E xces s p ene tration (5 4) h t> ma x m m ma x m m ma x m m Perm itted, i f the prop - No t p erm itted No t p erm itted 17 0, mm 0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ mm mm Stray arc (601) h ≤ mm + 1,0 b, l≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1 t h ≤ mm + 0,3 b h ≤ mm + 0,6 b, No t p erm itted h ≤ mm + 0,1 b h ≤ mm + 0,2 b, er ties of the p arent me ta l a re no t affec ted 18 19 a 19 b Sp atter (6 02 ) Root concavity (515) 0,5 mm ≤ s ≤ mm Root concavity (515) s> 20 mm Po or res tar t (517 ) s≥ 0,5 mm Accep tance dep end s on appl ication, e g material, corros ion pro tec tion h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,1 t l≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,2 t, l≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1 t l≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1 t, No t p erm itted l≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,05 t, ma x m m ma x m m ma x , m m Perm itted, No t p erm itted No t p erm itted 25 mm, h ≤ 0,25 t l≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1 t No t p erm itted ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,25 t, l≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1 t, T he li m it dep end s on the type o f imper fection (s e e I S O 817 ) 21a S aggi ng (5 9) Incompletely filled groove l≤ (511) 0,5 mm ≤ s ≤ mm 21b S aggi ng (5 9) Incompletely filled groove L ma x m m ma x m m l≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,05 t, ma x , m m (511) s> 22a mm Li near m i s a l ign ment h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,25 t h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,15 t h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,1 t h ≤ 0,25 t, ma x m m h ≤ 0,15 t, ma x m m h ≤ 0,1 t, ma x m m h ≤ 0,5 t, ma x m m h ≤ 0,5 t, ma x m m h ≤ 0,5 t, ma x m m (5 ) 0,5 mm ≤ s ≤ mm 22b Li ne ar m i s a lignment, longitudi na l weld s (5 ) s> 22c mm Li near m i s a l ign ment, ci rc um ferentia l weld s (5 ) s≥ 0,5 mm NOTE The acceptance levels are those defined for visual testing These de fects are normally evaluated by visual testing Acceptance levels and may be specified with su ffix X, which denotes that all indications over 25 mm are a u naccep tab le I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 10675-1:2016(E) Annex A (informative) Guide to the limitations of radiographic testing A.1 General NOTE The numbers between brackets conform to those used in ISO 6520-1 A.2 Volumetric imperfections in butt welds — Porosities and gas pores (2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017) — Wormholes and elongated cavities (2016 and 2015) — Solid inclusions (300) — Copper inclusions (3042) The above imperfections listed in Table will be readily detected using radiographic technique A or B of ISO 17636-1 or ISO 17636-2 as shown in Table A.3 Cracks in butt welds — — Crater cracks (104) Cracks (100) The detectability o f cracks by radiographic testing depends on the crack height, the ramification (presence o f branching parts), opening width, direction o f the X-ray beam to crack orientation and radiographic technique parameters Reliable detection of all cracks is therefore limited The use of radiographic technique B or better, as specified in ISO 17636-1 or ISO 17636-2, will provide better crack detectability than radiographic technique A A.4 Planar imperfections in butt welds — Lack of fusion (401) — Lack of penetration (402) The detection of lack of fusion and lack of penetration depends on characteristics of imperfections and radiographic technique parameters Lack o f side-wall fusion will probably not be detected (except it is associated with other imper fections such as slag inclusions), unless it is radiographed in the direction of the side-wall © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 10675-1:2016(E) Annex B (informative) Examples for determination of area percentage (%) of imperfections Figure B.1 to Figure B.9 give a presentation of different area percentage (%) of imperfections This should assist the assessment of imperfections on radiographs and fracture surfaces Figure B.1 — A = % Figure B.2 — A = 1,5 % Figure B.3 — A = % Figure B.4 — A = 2,5 % Figure B.5 — A = % I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 0675 -1 : 01 6(E) Figure B — A=4% Figure B — A=5% Figure B — A =8 % Figure B — © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n A = 16 % ISO 10675-1:2016(E) Annex C (informative) Calculation of the sum of acceptable areas C.1 Clustered porosity Figure C.1 — Clustered porosity, D > dA2 Figure C.2 — Clustered porosity, D < dA2 T he s um of the different p ore envelop areas ( A + A ) related to the evaluation area, L × w p (see Figure C 1) , shal l b e calculated If D is les s than d A1 or d A2 , wh atever i s s ma l ler, an envelop e s u rrou nd i ng the p oro s ity are as , shal l b e cons idered as one area of imp erfec tion (see Figure C ) C.2 Linear porosity Figure C.3 — Linear porosity, D > d2 I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n A + A 2, ISO 10675-1:2016(E) Figure C.4 — Linear porosity, D < d2 The sum of the different pore areas related to the evaluation area, × p (see Figure C.3), shall be calculated If is smaller than the smaller diameter of one of the neighbouring pores, the full connected area of the two pores shall be taken into the sum of imperfections (see Figure C.4) L w D C.3 Elongated cavities and wormholes Figure C.5 — Elongated cavities and wormholes, D > l3 Figure C.6 — Elongated cavities and wormholes, D < l3 , shall be determined for each testing length, (see Figure C.5) If is smaller than the shorter length of one of the neighbouring imperfections, the full connection of the two imperfections is to be taken into the sum of imperfections (see Figure C.6) T he s u m o f the leng th o f i nd ic ation s , Σ l L D © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 10675-1:2016(E) Bibliography [1] [2 ] I S O 1763 , I I W Non-destructive testing of welds — General rules for fusion welds in metallic materials Reference radiographs for assessment of weld imperfections according to ISO 5817 [E ngl ish/French/G erman] DVS , D üs seldorf 10 I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 0675 -1 : 01 6(E) ICS 60.40 Price based on 10 pages © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n