INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6405-1 Third edition 2017-02 Earth-moving machinery — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1: Common symbols Engins de terrassement — Symboles pour les commandes de l’opérateur et autres indicateurs — Partie 1: Symboles communs Reference number ISO 6405-1:2017(E) © ISO 2017 ISO 6405-1:2017(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part o f this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country o f the requester ISO copyright o ffice Ch de Blandonnet • CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyright@iso.org www.iso.org ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Contents Page Foreword iv 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Scope Normative references Terms and definitions General Colour Development of new symbols Adaptation of symbols as digital display icons Base symbols General symbols Engine symbols 39 Transmission symbols 49 Hydraulic system symbols 53 Brake symbols 57 Fuel symbols 59 Lighting symbols 62 Window and visibility symbols 66 Climate control symbols 73 Seat symbols 76 Tyre, wheel, axle and suspension symbols 79 Steering symbols 85 Annex A (informative) Guidelines for the development and evaluation of graphical symbols 87 Bibliography 90 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved iii ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies) The work o f preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o f electrotechnical standardization The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part In particular the different approval criteria needed for the di fferent types o f ISO documents should be noted This document was dra fted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part (see www.iso org/directives) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o f the elements o f this document may be the subject o f patent rights ISO shall not be held responsible for identi fying any or all such patent rights Details o f any patent rights identified during the development o f the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso org/patents) Any trade name used in this document is in formation given for the convenience o f users and does not constitute an endorsement For an explanation on the meaning o f ISO specific terms and expressions related to formity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee SC 3, Machine characteristics, electrical and electronic systems, operation and maintenance This third edition of ISO 6405-1 cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6405-1:2004), which has been technically revised with many new symbols added It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 6405-1:2004/Amd 1:2010 A list of all parts in the ISO 6405 series can be found on the ISO website iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Earth-moving machinery — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1: Common symbols IMPORTANT — The electronic file o f this document contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of the document Users should therefore consider printing this document using a colour printer Scope This document standardizes symbols for use on operator controls and other displays applicable to multiple types o f earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165 NOTE ISO 6405-2 covers symbols for specific types o f earth-moving machines, equipment, and accessories NOTE ISO 7000 and IEC 60417 can be consulted for additional internationally standardized symbols o f potential relevance to earth-moving machinery Normative references The following documents are re ferred to in the text in such a way that some or all o f their content constitutes requirements o f this document For dated re ferences, only the edition cited applies For undated re ferences, the latest edition o f the re ferenced document (including any amendments) applies ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions IEC 80416-1, Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment — Part 1: Creation of graphical symbols for registration ISO 80416-2, Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment — Part 2: Form and use ofarrows IEC 80416-3, Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment — Part 3: Guidelines for the application of graphical symbols Terms and definitions For the purposes o f this document, the following terms and definitions apply ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: — ISO Online browsing platform: available at www.iso org/obp — IEC Electropedia: available at www.electropedia org 3.1 symbol graphical symbol visually perceptible figure used to transmit in formation independent o f language Note to entry: It may be produced by drawing, printing, or other means Letters, numerals, and mathematical symbols may be used as symbols or symbol elements For some specific applications, groups o f letters (for example, AUTO, STOP) are used as symbols or symbol elements © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Note to entry: Letters and numerals are not registered by ISO/TC 145/SC or published in ISO 7000 unless they are symbol elements embedded in graphical symbols 3.2 icon digital display icon digitized (pixelated) representation o f a graphical symbol (3.1), usually used on a reconfigurable electronic display screen or graphical user inter face (GUI) Note to entry: A single symbol can be represented by multiple icons, each o f a di fferent size, pixel count, or colourization General 4.1 Except as indicated in subsequent clauses, symbols shall be used as shown in this document Selected symbols, which are shown in outline form in this document, may be filled in actual use for enhanced clarity o f reproduction and improved visual perception by the operator, except as otherwise specified for individual symbols, and in accordance with IEC 80416-3 4.2 Limitations inherent in some reproduction and display technologies can require increased line width or other minor modifications o f symbols Such modifications are allowed, provided that the symbol remains conceptually unchanged in its basic graphical elements and is easily discernible by the operator 4.3 To improve the appearance and perceptibility o f a graphical symbol, or to coordinate with the design o f the equipment to which it is applied, it can be necessary to modi fy the symbol as indicated in IEC 80416-3 (for example, to change the line width or to round the corners o f the symbol) Such modifications are allowed, provided that the essential perceptible characteristics o f the symbol are 4.4 maintained For actual use, all symbols shall be reproduced large enough to be easily discernible by the operator Follow IEC 80416-3 for the proper sizing o f symbols Symbols grouped together in a display or on a set o f controls should be scaled to the same degree relative to the corner marks o f the symbol original as shown in this document in order to maintain the correct visual relationship among the symbols Symbols shall be used in the orientation shown in this document, unless rotation or mirror imaging is specifically allowed for individual symbols 4.5 Most symbols are constructed using a building block approach in which various symbols and symbol elements are combined in a logical manner to produce a new symbol 4.6 In some cases, symbols may be used in conjunction, without being combined into a composite symbol, to convey the same meaning as the composite symbol 4.7 4.8 Symbols are generally intended to replace a word or words with a graphical image that has the same meaning for all operators, regardless of their native language However, the use of a graphical symbol to identi fy a control or display does not preclude the use o f words in conjunction with that control or display I f a symbol shows a machine or parts o f a machine from a side view, a machine moving from right to le ft across the symbol area shall be assumed I f a symbol shows a machine or parts o f a machine from an overhead view, a machine moving from bottom to top across the symbol area shall be assumed 4.9 4.10 Symbols on controls and displays shall have a good contrast to their background A white or light- coloured symbol on a black or dark-coloured background is pre ferred for most controls Displays may use either a white or light-coloured symbol on a black or dark-coloured background or a black or dark2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 6405-1:2017(E) coloured symbol on a white or light-coloured background, depending upon which alternative provides the best visual perception When a symbol image is reversed (for example, from black-on-white to whiteon-black or vice versa) this reversal shall be done for the entire symbol 4.11 I f symbols are cast, moulded, embossed, or stamped into a surface, the symbols shall be visually distinct from that surface without dependence on colour 4.12 Symbols shall be located on or adjacent to the control or display that is being identified Where more than one symbol is required for a control, the symbols shall be located in relation to the control such that movement o f the control towards the symbols shall e ffect the function depicted by that symbol 4.13 Arrows used in symbols shall form to the requirements o f ISO 80416-2 IEC 80416-1 shall be consulted for the general principles for creating symbol originals IEC 80416-3 should be consulted for guidelines for the application o f symbols 4.14 ISO/IEC registration numbers are shown for symbols which are registered in ISO 7000 or IEC 60417 NOTE Symbol originals are approved and registered either by ISO/TC 145/SC and published in ISO 7000 or by IEC/SC 3C and published in IEC 60417 In some cases, modified or application symbols, rather than the registered symbol originals, are standardized in this document 4.15 When letters or numerals are used in a symbol, the font shown shall not be considered definitive Other fonts may be used so long as the letters and numerals remain legible 4.16 Symbols in this part o f ISO 6405 are shown within marks that delimit the corners o f the 75 mm square basic pattern from IEC 80416-1 Corner marks are not part o f the symbol, but are provided to ensure consistent presentation o f all symbol graphics Colour 5.1 When used on illuminated displays, the following colours shall have the meanings indicated: — Red denotes a failure, serious malfunction, or operating condition that requires immediate attention; — Yellow or amber denotes a condition outside normal operating limits; — Green denotes a normal operating condition 5.2 In addition, certain colours shall be used for specific applications: — Blue is used for the high beam; main beam display (see 15.1); — Red is used for the hazard warning display and for the hazard warning control (see 15.6); — Green is used for the turn signal display (see 15.10) 5.3 I f colour is used on or in association with symbols for heating and cooling systems, the colour red shall be used to indicate hot, and the colour blue shall be used to indicate cold Development of new symbols Prior to developing a new symbol, a search should be conducted for previously standardized symbols with the same or similar meaning to what is needed ISO 7000 and IEC 60417 (both available in database form) are compilations o f internationally standardized symbols which can be use ful both for 6.1 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 6405-1:2017(E) finding appropriate symbols that not appear in ISO 6405 and for generating concepts that can be used in the development o f new symbols New symbols shall be developed in accordance with the principles o f Annex A of this document IEC 80416-1 should be consulted for general principles for the creation o f symbols Arrows shall be in 6.2 accordance with ISO 80416-2 Different arrow forms have different meanings according to ISO 804162 Care should be taken to use the correct arrow form Following the guidelines given in Annex A of this document makes possible the development o f symbols appropriate in graphical form and content for international standardization and ISO 7000 registration Symbols proposed for standardization in this document shall include a short explanation o f the unction or expected use o f the symbol 6.3 f NOTE IEC 80416-1 uses the term “description” for this type o f in formation and provides guidelines for writing descriptions for symbols intended for standardization in ISO 7000 or IEC 60417 The descriptions for symbols standardized in this document can serve as examples Adaptation of symbols as digital display icons Symbols can be adapted for use as digital display icons on visual display units, reconfigurable displays, or other electronic displays Such adaptations should follow the principles o f ISO 80416-4 Special care should be taken to ensure that digital display icons preserve the visual impression o f the symbol from which the icon is adapted The same principles regarding use o f colour with symbols apply to the use o f colour with digital display icons Base symbols Graphical symbol 8.1 ISO/IEC registration number Symbol title and description O i l ; f l u i d To indicate oil or other non-water-base fluid Use as a symbol element in combination with other symbols to indicate specified types o f oil This symbol may be used when the type o f oil or fluid is not specified 8.2 W a t e r ; c o o l a n t ; w a t e r - b a s e f l u i d To indicate water, coolant, or other water-base fluid Use as a symbol element in combination with other symbols to indicate specified types o f water-base fluid This symbol may be used when the type o f water-base fluid is not specified 8.3 I n t a k e a i r ; a i r f l o w t h r o u g h To indicate intake air Application of ISO 7000–1056 Application of ISO 7000–0536 Application of ISO 7000–1604 To indicate air flow into or through a tube or pipe This symbol shall be used outline 8.4 Exhaust gas To indicate exhaust gas ISO 7000–1605 To indicate air flow out o f a tube or pipe This symbol shall be used filled © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Graphical symbol 8.5 ISO/IEC registration number Symbol title and description ISO 7000–1701 Pressure To indicate pressure in general Us e a s a s ymb o l element i n co mb i n ation with o ther s ymb ol s to i nd ic ate the typ e o f m ater i a l th at i s u nder pressure T he fi l le d c i rcle m ay b e dele te d a nd a n ap propr i ate s ymb ol i n s er te d b e twe en the a r rows 8.6 Level indicator To identi fy the control th at adj u s ts the a mou nt o f le vel of material in a container To indicate the level of, for example, a liquid in a container Us e a s a s ymb o l element i n co mb i n ation with o ther s ymb ol s to i nd ic ate the typ e o f m ater i a l who s e qu a n Application of ISO 7000–0159 - tity i s me a s u re d T he l i ne at the right o f the s ymb ol m ay b e dele te d a nd a n app rop ri ate s ymb ol i n s er te d 8.7 ISO 7000–1369 Filter To i nd ic ate a fi lter for l iqu id or ga s Us e as a s ymb ol element i n combi nation with o ther s ymb ol s to i ndic ate the typ e o f materia l that i s fi ltere d 8.8 8.9 Temperature ISO 7000–0034 Malfunction, general; failure ISO 7000–1603B To indicate temperature or a function associated with temperature To indicate that a component or function has failed or malfunctioned Us e a s a s ymb o l element i n co mb i n ation with o ther s ymb ol s to i nd ic ate the co mp onent or has failed or malfunctioned © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved fu nc tio n th at ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Graphical symbol 8.10 ISO/IEC registration number Symbol title and description Application of ISO 7000–1321A Mass; weight To indicate mass To identi fy a fu nc tion rel ate d to m a s s ISO 7000–1321A and ISO 7000–1321B are alternative 8.11 s ymb ol s with the s a me me a n i n g 8.12 Air, general ISO 7000–1321B Application of ISO7000–0537 To indicate air in general To indicate a function related to air in general General symbols Graphical symbol 9.1 ISO/IEC registration number Symbol title and description On; start To identi fy the control that s tar ts a func tion or operation To identi fy the co ntrol th at en ab le s a ation to be engaged or activated fu nc tio n or op er Application of IEC 60417–5007 - Us e indep endently or in conj u nc tion with other s ymb ol s Do not use as a graphical element with the meaning “on; 4.6 and 4.7) s ta r t” with i n a combi ne d s ymb ol (s e e 9.2 Off; stop To identi fy the control that s top s a fu nc tion or op eration To identi fy the co ntrol th at d i s ab le s a ation to be engaged or activated fu nc tion or op er Application of IEC 60417–5008 - Us e indep endently or in conj u nc tion with other s ymb ol s Do not use as a graphical element with the meaning “on; 4.6 and 4.7) s ta r t” with i n a combi ne d s ymb ol (s e e 9.3 On and off To identi fy the control that, dep end i ng on its p o s ition or last activation, starts or stops a function or operation Application of IEC 60417–5010 Us e indep endently or in conj u nc tion with other s ymb ol s Do not use as a graphical element with the meaning “on ff 4.6 and 4.7) a nd o ” with i n a co mb i ne d s ymb ol (s e e © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Graphical symbol 18.16 ISO/IEC registration number Symbol title and description ISO 7000–3459 Seat swing To identi fy the control th at a l lows the s e at to s wi n g to a different operating position T h i s s ymb ol i s viewe d from the p ers p e c ti ve o f a p er son looking at the seat from above of the machine 18.17 ISO 7000–2175 Seat, weight adjustment To identi fy the control th at adj u s ts the s ti ffne s s o f the s e at s u s p en s ion s ys tem b a s e d o n the weight (m a s s) o f the seated person To indicate the operational status of the weight adj u s tment s ys tem 18.18 Seat, ride-damping adjustment To identi fy the control th at adj u s ts the s ti ffne s s o f the seat suspension to control up-and-down movement of the seat when the machine is moving To indicate the operational status of the ride-dampi n g s ys tem 18.19 Application of ISO 7000–2242 ISO 7000–2556 Ventilated seat To identi fy the control th at c i rc u l ate s a i r i n s ide the seat cushion to cool the seat 18.20 Active seat To identi fy the control th at ac tivate s the s e at c u s h ion or seatback or both To indicate the operational status of the active seat cushion 18.21 Seatbelt, lap belt only To indicate the operational status of a two-point seat- Application of ISO 7000–2627 ISO 7000–1702 b elt (th at i s , a s e atb elt with o n l y a l ap b elt) 18.22 78 Seatbelt, lap-and-shoulder belt To indicate the operational status of a three-point seatbelt (that is, a lap-and-shoulder seatbelt) ISO 7000–0249 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 6405-1:2017(E) 19 Tyre, wheel, axle and suspension symbols Graphical symbol 19.1 ISO/IEC registration number Symbol title and description ISO7000–2176 Tyre To identi fy tyre fu nc tio n s To i nd ic ate the op eratio n a l s tatu s o f the tyre Us e a s a s ymb o l element i n the de velo pment o f rel ate d s ymb ol s 19.2 ISO 7000–1435 Tyre pressure To identi fy the control th at s e ts or adj u s ts the tyre pressure To identi fy the d i s p l ay th at p ro vide s i n for m ation ab out tyre pre s s u re To i nd ic ate the tyre pre s s u re 19.3 Tyre failure or malfunction To i nd ic ate th at tyre pre s s u re i s outs ide nor m a l o p er ating parameters 19.4 Wheel adjustment, left wheel, move out - - ISO 7000–1434A ISO 7000–2129 To identi fy the control th at mo ve s the le ft whe el o ut wa rd away from the m ach i ne To indicate that the left wheel is moving outward away 19.5 fro m the m ach i ne Wheel adjustment, left wheel, move in ward toward from the machine To indicate that the left wheel is moving inward toward the machine ISO 7000–2130 To identi fy the control th at mo ve s the le ft whe el i n 19.6 Wheel adjustment, right wheel, move out ISO 7000–2131 To identi fy the control th at mo ve s the r ight whe el o utwa rd away from the m ach i ne To indicate that the left wheel is moving outward away 19.7 fro m the m ach i ne Wheel adjustment, right wheel, move in ISO 7000–2132 To identi fy the co ntrol th at mo ve s the r ight whe el inward toward from the machine To indicate that the right wheel is moving inward toward the machine 19.8 All-tread, move out ISO 7000–3463 To identi fy the control th at i nc re a s e s the d i s ta nce between the machine and the wheels © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 79 ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Graphical symbol 19.9 ISO/IEC registration number Symbol title and description ISO 7000–3464 All-tread, move in To identi fy the control th at de c re a s e s the d i s ta nce between the machine and the wheels 19.10 ISO 7000–3371 Axle oil To identi fy the fi l l p oi nt fo r To identi fy the conta i ner a xle oi l fo r a x le oi l If oil from the same reservoir is used to lubricate both the differential (see ISO 7000–3443 in 11.27) and the a xle , u s e th i s s ymb ol 19.11 ISO 7000–3372 Axle oil pressure To identi fy the d i s p l ay th at p rovide s i n for m atio n about the axle oil pressure To indicate the axle oil pressure 19.12 A x l e o i l f i l t e ISO 7000–3373 r To identi fy the d i s p l ay th at p rovide s i n for m atio n ab out the a xle o i l fi lter To identi fy the a x le oi l fi lter To i nd ic ate the o p eration a l s tatu s o f the a xle oi l fi lter 19.13 Axle width ISO 7000–3374 To identi fy the d i s p l ay th at s hows a xle width To indicate the distance between the wheels on an axle 19.14 Axle, extend To identi fy the control th at e x tend s the a x le s to p ro vide a greater distance between the wheels 19.15 - Application of ISO 7000–2871 - Application of ISO 7000–2870 Axle, retract To identi fy the control th at re trac ts the a xle s to pro vide a lesser distance between the wheels 80 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Graphical symbol 19.16 Symbol title and description ISO/IEC registration number ISO 7000–2872 Axle, lock To identi fy the control th at lo cks the a xle To indicate that the axle is locked T he lo ck s ymb ol element m ay b e move d to the r ight s ide o f the a x le s ymb ol element 19.17 Axle, unlock ISO 7000–3375 To identi fy the control th at u n lo cks the a xle To indicate that the axle is unlocked T he u n lo ck s ymb ol element m ay b e mo ve d to the r ight s ide o f the a x le s ymb ol element 19.18 A x l e , f i r s t a x l e , l o c k ISO 7000–3376 To identi fy the control th at lo cks the fi rs t a x le To i nd ic ate th at the fi rs t a x le i s lo cke d T he nu mera l m ay b e mo ve d to b elow the a xle s ymb o l element with the lo ck s ymb ol element mo ve d to the r ight s ide o f the a xle s ymb o l element 19.19 A x l e , f i r s t a x l e , u n l o c k ISO 7000–3377 To identi fy the control th at u n lo cks the fi rs t a xle To i nd ic ate th at the fi rs t a x le i s u n lo cke d T he nu mera l m ay b e mo ve d to b elow the a xle s ymb o l element with the u n lo ck s ymb ol element move d to the r ight s ide o f the a xle s ymb o l element 19.20 Axle, second axle, lock To identi fy the control th at lo cks the s e co nd a x le Application of ISO 7000–3376 To indicate that the second axle is locked T he nu mera l m ay b e mo ve d to b elow the a xle s ymb o l element with the lo ck s ymb ol element mo ve d to the r ight s ide o f the a xle s ymb o l element 19.21 Axle, second axle, unlock To identi fy the control th at u n lo cks the s e co nd a xle Application of ISO 7000–3377 To indicate that the second axle is unlocked T he nu mera l m ay b e mo ve d to b elow the a xle s ymb o l element with the u n lo ck s ymb ol element move d to the r ight s ide o f the a xle s ymb o l element 19.22 Suspended axle ISO 7000–2799 To identi fy the control th at ac tivate s the d a mp i ng mechanism between the axle and the rest of the machine chassis To indicate the operational status of the suspended axle © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 81 ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Graphical symbol 19.23 ISO/IEC registration number Symbol title and description Suspended axle, height adjustment (raise/lower) ISO 7000–3378 To identi fy the control th at adj u s ts the height o f the suspended axle 19.24 ISO 7000–3379 Suspended axle, raise To identi fy the control th at i s e s the height o f the suspended axle 19.25 ISO 7000–3380 Suspended axle, lower To identi fy the control th at lowers the height o f the suspended axle 19.26 ISO 7000–3381 Suspended axle, lock To identi fy the control th at lo cks the s u s p ende d a xle To indicate that the suspended axle is locked T he lo ck s ymb o l element m ay b e move d to the r ight s ide o f the s u s p ende d a xle s ymb ol element 19.27 ISO 7000–3382 Suspended axle, unlock To identi fy the control that u n lo cks the s u s p ende d a xle To indicate that the suspended axle is unlocked T he u n lo ck s ymb ol element m ay b e move d to the r ight s ide o f the s u s p ende d a xle s ymb ol element 19.28 ISO 7000–3383 Suspended axle, automatic operating mode To identi fy the control th at p l ace s the s u s p ende d a xle into automatic operating mode To indicate that the suspended axle is in automatic operating mode 82 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Graphical symbol 19.29 ISO/IEC registration number Symbol title and description S u s p e n d e d a x l e , f i r s t a x l ISO 7000–3384 e To identi fy the control th at ac tivate s the d a mp i ng me ch a n i s m b e twe en the fi rs t a xle a nd the re s t o f the machine chassis To i nd ic ate the op eratio n a l s tatu s o f the fi rs t s u s p end ed axle - T he nu mera l m ay b e mo ve d to b elow the s u s p ende d a x le s ymb ol element 19.30 Application of ISO 7000–3384 Suspended axle, second axle To identi fy the control th at ac tivate s the d a mp i ng mechanism between the second axle and the rest of the machine chassis To indicate the operational status of the second suspended axle T he nu mera l m ay b e mo ve d to b elow the s u s p ende d a x le s ymb ol element 19.31 S u s p e n d e d a x l e , f i r s t a x l e , l o c ISO 7000–3385 k To i de n ti fy the c o n tr o l th at l o c ks th e fi r s t s u s p e n d ed axle - To i nd ic ate th at the fi rs t s u s p ende d a xle i s lo cke d T he nu mera l m ay b e mo ve d to b elow the a xle s ymb o l element with the lo ck s ymb ol element mo ve d to the r ight s ide o f the a xle s ymb o l element 19.32 S u s p e n d e d a x l e , f i r s t a x l e , u n l o c k To identi fy the control th at u n lo cks the fi rs t s u s p end ed axle - ISO 7000–3386 To i nd ic ate th at the fi rs t s u s p ende d a xle i s u n lo cke d T he nu mera l m ay b e mo ve d to b elow the a xle s ymb o l element with the u n lo ck s ymb ol element move d to the r ight s ide o f the a xle s ymb o l element 19.33 Suspended axle, second axle, lock To identi fy the co ntrol th at lo cks the s e co nd s u s p end ed axle To indicate that the second suspended axle is locked - Application of ISO 7000–3385 T he nu mera l m ay b e mo ve d to b elow the a xle s ymb o l element with the lo ck s ymb ol element mo ve d to the right s ide o f the a xle s ymb o l element 19.34 Suspended axle, second axle, unlock pended axle To indicate that the second suspended axle is unlocked To identi fy the control th at u n lo cks the s e co nd s u s Application of ISO 7000–3386 T he nu mera l m ay b e mo ve d to b elow the a xle s ymb o l element with the u n lo ck s ymb ol element move d to the r ight s ide o f the a xle s ymb o l element © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 83 ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Graphical symbol 19.35 ISO/IEC registration number Symbol title and description ISO 7000–3465 Cab suspension system To indicate the operational status of the cab suspens io n s ys tem 19.36 ISO 7000–3466 Cab suspension system, lock To identi fy the control th at lo cks the c ab s u s p en s io n s ys tem i n its c u rrent s e tti ngs To i nd ic ate th at the s e tti ngs o f c ab s u s p en s ion s ys tem are locked 19.37 Cab suspension system, unlock To identi fy the control th at u n lo cks the c ab s u s p en ISO 7000–3467 - s io n s ys tem a nd a l lows ch a nge s i n its c u rrent s e tti ngs To indicate that the settings of the cab suspension s ys tem a re u n lo cke d 19.38 ISO 7000–3468 Cab suspension system, automatic operation To identi fy the control th at p l ace s the c ab s u s p en s io n s ys tem i nto auto m atic o p erati ng mo de To i nd ic ate th at the c ab s u s p en s ion s ys tem i s i n auto matic operating mode 19.39 Track carriage, extend To identi fy the control th at e x tend s the tracks to p ro vide a greater distance between the tracks T h i s s ymb ol i s viewe d 19.40 from - the p ers p e c ti ve o f a person looking at the track carriage from above the machine Track carriage, retract To identi fy the control th at re trac ts the tracks to pro vide a lesser distance between the tracks T h i s s ymb ol i s viewe d from ISO 7000–3242 - ISO 7000–3387 the p ers p e c ti ve o f a person looking at the track carriage from above the machine 84 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 6405-1:2017(E) 20 Steering symbols Graphical symbol 20.1 ISO/IEC registration number Symbol title and description Steering system To indicate the operational status of the steering ISO 7000–2305 s ys tem Us e a s a s ymb o l element i n the de velopment o f rel ate d s ymb ol s 20.2 ISO 7000–3388 Steering system pressure To identi fy the d i s p l ay th at p ro vide s i n for m ation ab out the s te er i ng s ys tem p re s s u re To i nd ic ate the s te er i n g s ys tem pre s s u re 20.3 S t e e r i n g s y s t e m f i l t To identi fy the fi lter e ISO 7000–2306 r for the s te er i ng s ys tem To identi fy the lo c ation o f the s te er i ng s ys tem fi l ter To indicate the operational status of the steering s ys tem fi lter 20.4 Steering system failure or malfunction To i nd ic ate th at the s te er i n g s ys tem h a s m a l fu nc tioned or failed - ISO 7000–2307 D ep end i ng o n the s e ver ity o f the m a l fu nc tio n , the s ymb ol m ay b e d i s p l aye d a s a b l ack s ymb ol o n a yel low b ackgro u nd or a s a wh ite s ymb ol o n a re d 20.5 background ISO 7000–2064 Steering wheel, tilt control To identi fy the control for adj us tment o f the s te ering whe el lo cation by ti lting the s teering whe el up or down 20.6 Automatic steering; automatic guidance To identi fy the co ntrol th at ac tivate s the autom atic Application of ISO 7000–2815 s te eri n g o r autom atic g u ida nce s ys tem To indicate the operational status of the automatic s te eri n g o r autom atic g u ida nce s ys tem 20.7 Secondary steering system ISO 7000–3243 To identi fy the co ntrol th at ac tivate s the s e co nd a r y s te eri n g s ys tem To indicate that the operational status of the seconda r y s te er i ng s ys tem 20.8 Secondary steering system, failure or malfunction ISO 7000–3469 To i nd ic ate th at the s e cond a r y s te er i n g s ys tem h a s malfunctioned or failed © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 85 ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Graphical symbol 20.9 ISO/IEC registration number Symbol title and description Lever steering, turn left/right To identi fy the control for lever s te ering o f the machine Application of ISO 7000–1681 To indicate the directions of movement of the control that effects a left turn and a right turn T he two a r rows m ay b e s ep a rate d to i nd ic ate “tu r n right” and “turn left” Use separate controls identif for “turn right” and mirror image application of ISO 7000–0927 (see 20.10) for “turn left” fie d with ap p l ic atio n o 20.10 f f chine to the left To indicate the direction of movement of the control that effects a turn to the left For lever steering to the right, use the application of ISO 7000–0927 in 20.11 or le ver s te eri n g o the m a Lever steering, turn right f f chine to the right To indicate the control direction that effects a turn to the right For lever steering to the left, use the mirror image application of ISO 7000–0927 in 20.10 To identi fy the control 20.12 Mirror image application of ISO 7000–0927 Lever steering, turn left To identi fy the control 20.11 I S O 70 0 – (s e e 1) or le ver s te eri n g o the m a Two-wheel steering, front To identi fy the control th at ac tivate s two -whe el s te er ing of the front wheels - Application of ISO 7000–0927 ISO 7000–2391 To i nd ic ate th at the m ach i ne i s s te ere d b y tu r n i ng the two front wheels 20.13 Two-wheel steering, rear To identi fy the control th at ac tivate s two -whe el s te er ing using the rear wheels - ISO 7000–2392 To i nd ic ate th at the m ach i ne i s s te ere d b y tu r n i ng the two rear wheels 20.14 ISO 7000–2393 Four-wheel steering; all-wheel steering To identi fy the control th at ac tivate s the all-wheel steering mode fou r-whe el or To i nd ic ate th at the m ach i ne i s s te ere d b y tu r n i ng the front wheels and rear wheels in opposite directions 20.15 Crab steering To ide nti fy the co ntro l th at ac ti vate s the c rab s te e r ing mode - ISO 7000–2394 To i nd ic ate th at the m ach i ne i s s te ere d b y tu r n i ng the front wheels and rear wheels in the same direction 86 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Annex A (informative) Guidelines for the development and evaluation of graphical symbols A.1 General This annex provides guidelines for the development and evaluation o f graphical symbols intended for inclusion in ISO 6405 and for registration in ISO 7000 The guidelines are necessarily flexible, because it is impossible to anticipate all potential graphical limitations in their application However, following these guidelines is expected to result in graphical symbols that satis fy the requirements o f IEC 80416-1 and ISO 80416-2 and thereby quali fy for potential standardization and registration in ISO 7000 A.2 Basic principles A.2.1 Symbols should be as simple, clear, distinct, and logical as possible to enhance recognition and reproduction Symbols should incorporate base symbol elements which can be used alone or combined as necessary into a logical graphical arrangement to form a symbolic language which, i f not immediately A.2.2 obvious, can at least be learned A.2.3 Graphical clarity should prevail when graphical limitations conflict with logical consistency, because no graphical symbol is recognizable, no matter how logical it might be, i f the symbol cannot be distinguished from other graphical symbols or i f the individual symbol elements cannot be distinguished from each other A minimum o f detail should be included in individual graphical elements and composite symbols Only details which enhance recognition should be included, even i f other details are accurate renditions A.2.4 of the machine or component The key consideration is the essential message that the graphical symbol is trying to convey It is critically important to know what happens when a control is activated, but o ften o f little or no importance A.2.5 to know how the functional result is achieved A.3 Fundamental symbol elements A.3.1 General Symbol elements can be divided into a number o f fundamental types, including those described in this clause A.3.2 Operational system symbols Symbol elements representing operational systems (for example: engines, transmissions, hydraulics, brakes) or functional equipment (for example: dozer blades, loader buckets, grapples) A.3.3 Vital fluid symbols Symbol elements representing vital machine fluids (for example: oil, fuel, coolant, air) © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 87 ISO 6405-1:2017(E) A.3.4 Functional condition or operational status symbols Symb ol elements repre s enti ng the s tatu s o f vita l fluid s (for example: pre s s u re, temp eratu re, level) or the fu nc tiona l cond ition o f op erationa l s ys tem (for e xa mple: lo ck, u n lo ck, ma l fu nc tion) A.3.5 Movement or location symbols A.3.5.1 Symb o l elements rep res enting s p atial movement, s ettings , o r lo catio n o f machines , p arts o r A.3.5.2 Symb o l elements rep res enting ro tatio nal movement o f machine p arts o r co mp o nents components (for example: direction of movement arrows) A.3.6 Continuous operation symbols Symb ol elements repre s enti ng conti nuou s op eration o f mach i ne p ar ts , comp onents or fu nc tion s A.4 Base composite symbols When ne ce s s a r y, s ymb ol s repre s enti ng vita l mach i ne fluid s s hou ld be combi ne d with s ymb ol s repre s enti ng op erationa l s ys tem s to cre ate b as e comp o s ite s ymb ol s For e xample: the oi l (fluid) s ymb ol shou ld b e pl ace d with i n the engi ne s ymb ol to repre s ent engi ne oi l, with i n the tran s m i s s ion s ymb ol to repre s ent tran s m i s s ion oi l, with i n the hyd rau l ic s ys tem to repre s ent hyd rau l ic oi l a nd with i n the bra ke s ymb ol to repre s ent bra ke flu id A.5 Vital status composite symbols A.5.1 General C omp o s ite s ymb ol s repre s enti ng the s tatu s o f vita l flu id s or the shou ld b e forme d func tion i ng o f op erationa l s ys tem s b y combi n i ng mu ltip le s ymb ol elements i n lo gic a l rel ation sh ip s , wh ich s hou ld b e as s i s tent a s prac tic able from s ymb ol to s ymb ol A.5.2 Fluid monitoring or status symbols A.5.2.1 I n general, fluid mo nito ring o r s tatus indicating symb o ls ( fo r examp le: temp erature, p res s ure, level) s ho uld b e p laced o uts ide the b as e co mp o s ite symb o ls ( fo r examp le: engine o il, trans mis s io n o il, hydraulic o il) I n s o me cas es , the s hap e o f b as e co mp o s ite symb o ls es no t p ermit p lacement o f a mo nito ring symb o l o uts ide the b as e co mp o s ite symb o l I n s uch cas es , the mo nito ring symb o l s ho uld b e p laced ins ide the b as e co mp o s ite symb o l ( fo r examp le: b rake sys tem p res s ure, b rake sys tem filter, b rake sys tem temp erature) A.5.2.2 sys tems The relative may vary as p o s itio n needed o f fluid fo r s tatus grap hical symb o ls clarity Fo r b as e co mp o s ite symb o ls fo r o p eratio nal examp le: co mp o s ite symb o ls fo r mo nito ring and fluid temp erature s ho uld co mb ine the thermo meter (the temp erature symb o l element) with the b as e co mp o s ite symb o l, with the thermo meter p laced to the right- hand s ide o f the b as e co mp o s ite symb o l C o mp o s ite symb o ls fo r mo nito ring fluid level s ho uld p lace the level symb o l element to the le ft o f the b as e co mp o s ite symb o l, and co mp o s ite symb o ls fo r mo nito ring the s tatus o f fluid filters s ho uld p lace the filter symb o l element b elo w the b as e co mp o s ite symb o l A.5.2.3 Fo r ap p licatio n in p ractice, the vital s tatus symb o l elements can als o be us ed in a s eries p res entatio n, with the b as e co mp o s ite symb o l lo cated to the le ft o r ab ove the p res entatio n o f vital s tatus symb o l elements Fo r examp le: the engine o il symb o l may b e fo llo wed by p res s ure, level o r temp erature symb o l elements This ap p ro ach, however, is generally les s des irab le than develo p ing and us ing individual co mp o s ite symb o ls 88 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 6405-1:2017(E) A.5.3 Failure or malfunction symbols Composite symbols representing failure or mal function o f an operational system should place the mal function symbol element within the symbol for the operational system For example: the brake system failure symbol should place the exclamation mark (the mal function symbol element) inside the bake system symbol In some cases, the shape o f a symbol for the operational system does not permit inside placement o f the mal function symbol element In such cases, the mal function symbol element should be placed alongside the symbol for the operational system; to avoid fusion with the temperature symbol element, the mal function symbol element should be placed to the le ft-hand side o f the symbol for the operational system A.6 Movement or location symbols A.6.1 Controlled spatial movement symbols A.6.1.1 Composite symbols representing controlled spatial movement o f equipment or machine elements, whether visible or invisible to the operator, should show both the final position o f the equipment or machine element e ffected by actuation o f the controls and an arrow to indicate the direction o f movement experienced by that equipment or machine element A.6.1.2 For example: symbols on a control for raising a boom should show the boom in its raised position and a movement arrow pointing up Symbols on a control for lowering a boom should show the boom in its lowered position and a movement arrow pointing down The arrows should be located such that the two alternative motions o f the boom are clearly di fferentiated by both the location o f the boom and the location of the arrows A.6.2 Incremental adjustment symbols Composite symbols representing controls for incremental adjustment o f component position or operating parameters rather than significant changes in location or orientation should use dimension lines and dimension arrows to indicate adjustments A.7 Rotational movement symbols Composite symbols representing direction o f rotational movement should combine a symbol element for the equipment or machine element with arrows that differentiate clockwise or anti-clockwise rotation A.8 Symbols for component actuation Where symbols are associated with controls that actuate a functional component, it is recommended to use indicator lights, symbols for engage and disengage or comparable means in association with the symbol representing the machine component being activated or deactivated A.9 International Standards on symbol development and arrow usage A.9.1 The development o f new symbols should form to the basic principles for the creation o f symbols for use on equipment (see IEC 80416-1) and to the principles for the use o f arrows (see ISO 80416-2) A.9.2 As a general principle, there should be only one symbol for a given function As a practical matter, however, alternative symbols are permitted, in particular when there are multiple existing and wellestablished standard symbols or when a new symbol is needed and should be harmonized with other symbols for the same type o f equipment © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 89 ISO 6405-1:2017(E) Bibliography [1] ISO 6405-2, Earth-moving machinery — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 2: [2] [3] [4] ISO 7000 1) , Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Registered symbols IEC 604171) , Graphical symbols for use on equipment ISO 80416-4, Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment — Part 4: Guidelines for Symbols for specific machines, equipment, and accessories the adaptation of graphical symbols for use on screens and displays (icons) 1) f Browsing Platform (OBP), www.iso org/obp The grap hical symb o l co llectio ns o 90 I S O 0 and I E C 41 can b e p reviewed and p urchas ed o n the O nline © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 6405-1:2017(E) ICS 53.100; 01.080.20 Price based on 90 pages © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved