Phát triển thương mại giữa tỉnh hủa phăn với tỉnh thanh hóa và sơn la

TRUING DAI HOC KINH Tfe' Qu6c dAn - OM HOC KTQD TT THONG TIN TH If VIEN PHONG LUAN AN-TU LIEU VIDAVONG HEUANGMISOUK PHAT TRIEN THUffNG MAI ■ GIUTA TINH HUA PHAN VUl TINH THANH HOA VA SON LA Chuyen nganh: QUAN TRI KINH DOANH THUONG MAI 77/5 5959 LUAN VAN THAC SY QUAn TRI KINH DOANH Ngtfdi htfong din khoa hoc: PGS.TS NGUYEN THLfA LOC HA NOI -2011 fh — - ft LOI CAM ON De hoan bai luan van tac gia da nhan dupe sir ung ho va giup cua rat nhieu cac ca nhan bao gom thay giao ban be dong nghiep Trude tien, tac gia xin dupe chan bay to long biet on den thay giao hudng dan PGS.TS Nguyen Thira Loe da tan tinh hudng dan giup tac gia cd the hoan duoc luan van Tac gia cung chan gui ldi cam on tdi cac thay co can bo cua trudng Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan Vien Dao tao Sau dai hoc, Khoa Thuong mai va Kinh te Quoc te da nhiet tinh chi bao, day do, tao dieu kien cho tdi hoan khoa hoc Ben canh do, cd nhirng han che nhat dinh ve thong tin va kien thuc, luan van chac chan se cd nhung thieu sot Kinh mong nhan duoc su dong gop cua Quy thay cd ban be va doc gia de noi dung luan van duoc hoan chinh hon Tac gia luan van Vidavong Heuangmisouk MUC • LUC • Bang chir viet tat Danh muc bang bieu, so* Tom tat luan van PHAN MO DAU CHITONG CO SO CUA PHAT TRIEN THU ONG MAI GltTA CAC TINH BIEN GIO’I CUA CAC QUOC GIA 1.1 Dac diem va hinh thirc cua thuong mai giua cac tinh bien gioi cua cac quoc gia 1.1.1 Dac diem thuong mai giua cac tinh bien gidi cua cac quoc gia 1.1.2 Hinh thuc thuong mai giua cac tinh bien gidi cua cac quoc gia 1.2 Vai tro va su’ can thiet cua sir phat trien thuong mai giira cac tinh bien cua cac quoc gia va nhung anh huong cua nd 1.2.1 Vai tro cua sir phat trien thuong mai gitra cac tinh bien gidi cua cac Quoc gia 1.2.2 Sir can thiet phai phat trien thuong mai gitra cac tinh bien gidi cua cac quoc gia 1.2.3 Anh hudng cua phat trien thuong mai giua cac tinh bien gidi cua cac gia doi vdi sir phat trien kinh te- xa hoi 10 1.3 Noi dung phat trien thuong mai giua cac tinh bien gioi cua cac quoc gia 12 1.3.1 Quan he giira chinh quyen cac tinh hai nude 12 1.3.2 Hinh thuc xue tien thuong mai 15 1.3.3 Cac hinh thuc thuong mai giua cac tinh bien gidi hai nude 17 1.4 Nhung yeu to tac dong den su’ phat trien thirong mai giua cac tinh bien gioi cua cac quoc gia 23 1.4.1 Cac chinh sach quan he thuong mai giua hai nude 23 1.4.2 Cac cong cu cua chinh sach thuong mai 24 1.4.3 Dieu kien thuan loi cua cua khau bien gidi 28 1.4.4 Cac doanh nghiep tham gia hoat dong xuat nhap khau 30 CHUONG THUC PHAT TRIfiN THUONG MAI • TRANG • • GIUA TINH HUA PHAN VOI TINH THANH HOA VA SON LA 31 2.1 Tong quan ve dac diem tu* nhien, kinh te - xa hoi ciia tinh Hua Phan 31 2.1.1 Dac diem vi tri dia ly 31 2.1.2 Tinh hinh phat trien kinh te cua tinh Hua Phan giai doan nam 2006- 2010 34 2.1.3 Tinh hinh phat trien phan theo nganh nghe 36 2.2 Nhung thuan ioi va kho khan thuong mai giua tinh Hua Phan voi tinh Thanh Hoa va Son La 38 2.2.1 Nhung thuan lpi 38 2.2.2 Nhung kho khan ' 40 2.3 Phan tich thuc trang phat trien thirong mai giua tinh Hua Phan voi tinh Thanh Hoa va Son La giai doan nam 2006- 2010 43 2.3.1 Thue trang thuong mai giua tinh Hua Phan voi tinh Thanh Hoa va Son La giai doan 2006 - 2010 43 2.3.2 Tinh hinh xuat nhap khau hang hoa giua Hua Phan - Thanh Hoa, Son La giai doan nam 2006- 2010 46 2.3.3 To chuc thuc hien cac chinh sach cua Nha nude Lao ve thuong mai bien gidi 53 2.3.4 He thong td chuc cac qui che cu the ve trao doi thuong mai qua bien gidi giua Lao va Viet Nam 56 2.4 Danh gia thuc trang thirong mai giua tinh Hua Phan voi tinh Thanh Hoa va Son La 58 2.4.1 Nhung tuu dat dupe 58 2.4.2 Nhung han che 61 2.4.3 Nguyen nhan dan tdi han che 65 CHUONG GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN THUONG MAI GIUA TINH HUA PHAN - THANH HOA VA SON LA 68 3.1 Muc tieu va phuong huong phat trien thu-ong mai giua tinh Hua Phan - Thanh Hoa va Son La 68 3.1.1 Muc tieu 68 3.1.2 Phuong huong phat trien thuong mai giua tinh Hua Phan - Thanh Hoa va Son La giai doan nam 2011 -2015 69 3.2 Quan diem phat trien thuong mai giua tinh Hua Phan vol tinh Thanh Hoa va Son La 71 3.3 Du’ bao hoat dong xuat nhap khau giua tinh Hua Phan - Thanh Hoa va Son La .74 3.3.1 Du bao kirn ngach xuat nhap khau giua tinh Hua Phan - Thanh Hoa 74 3.3.2 Du bao kim ngach xuat nhap khau giua tinh Hua Phan - Son La 75 3.4 Giai phap phat trien thuong mai giua tinh Hiia Phan - Thanh Hoa va Son La 76 3.4.1 Giai phap ve phia nha nude va UBND cac tinh 76 3.4.2 Giai phap vephia doanh nghiep 86 3.5 Kien nghi 89 KET LUAN 90 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 91 BANG CHU VIET TAT ACFTA ASEAN - China Free Trade Areas (Khu vuc mau dich tu ASEAN - Trung Quoc) ASEAN Association of South - East Asian Nations (Fliep hoi cac nude Dong Nam A) CHXHCN Cong hoa Xa hoi Chu nghia CNH, HDH Cong nghiep hoa hien dai hoa CP Chinh phu EHP Early Havest Programe (Chuang trinh Thu hoach sdm) GDP Gross Domestic product (Tong san pham quoc noi) GMS Greater Mekong Subregion (Hop tac tieu vung Me Cong md rong) KNNK Kim ngach nhap khau KNXK Kim ngach xuat khau KNXNK Kim ngach xuat nhap khau ND Nghi dinh NDCM Nhan dan each mang TBT Technical Barriers to Trade (Hang rao ky thuat doi vdi thuong mai) TMDL Thuong mai du lich TTg Thu tudng UBND Uy ban nhan dan WTO World Trade Organization (Tong choc thuong mai the gidi) XK Xuat khau XTTM Xue tien thuong mai DANH MUC BANG BltU, BIEU DO Bang 2.1: Co cau nganh GDP 34 Bang 2.2:Tdng san pham qudc noi va thu nhap binh quan dau ngubi 35 Bang 2.3: Kim ngach xuat nhap khau giua Hua Phan - Thanh Hoa va Son La tu nam 2006-2010 47 Bang 2.4: Kim ngach xuat khau giua tinh Hua Phan - Thanh Hoa giai doan 2006 -2010 49 Bang 2.5: kim ngach nhap khau giua tinh Hua Phan - Thanh Hoa giai doan nam 2006 den 2010 50 Bang 2.6: Kim ngach xuat khau giua tinh Hua Phan - Son La giai doan 2006 2010 ’ 51 Bang 2.7: Kim ngach nhap khau giua tinh Hua Phan - Son La giai doan nam 2006 - 2010 52 Bang 3.1: Du bao kim ngach xuat nhap khau hang hoa giua tinh Hua Phan Thanh Hoa giai doan nam 2011 - 2015 75 Bang 3.2: Du bao kim ngach xuat nhap khau hang hoa giua tinh Hua Phan - Son La giai doan nam 2011 - 2015 75 Bieu 2.1: Tong san pham quoc noi giai doan 2006 - 2010 35 Bieu 2.2: Tong kim ngach xuat nhap khau chieu giua tinh Hua Phan Thanh Hoa, Son La ; 48 i PHAN MO DAU Sir CAN THIET NGHIEN CUT) DE TAI Hien nay, Lao dang tien hanh manh me cong cuoc cai each va md cua san sang lam ban vdi tat ca cac nude tren the gidi dac biet la cac nude lang gieng cung dudng bien gidi quan nhat la quan he hop tac giua cac tinh bien gidi Lao - Viet Nam, va hien dang duoc chinh phu hai ben quan tarn thuc day Thanh Hoa va Son La la hai tinh cung bien gidi vdi tinh Hua Phan va la tinh ban ket nghia cua tinh Hua Phan, cd quan he huu nghi truyen thong va hop tac ben vung lau ddi, cd nhung dieu kien tu nhien he thong giao thong dudng bo rat thuan lqi noi lien vdi Hang nam Hua Phan nhap khau nhieu mat hang tu hai tinh Thanh Hoa Son La va ngupc lai Thanh Hoa Son La cung la mot thi trudng xuat khau day tiem nang cua tinh Hua Phan Hua Phan la tinh mien nui kinh te kern phat trien, cac edng trinh co so tang edn nhieu kho khan chua dap ung duoc nhu cau phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Vi vay, viec phat trien thuong mai vdi cac tinh bien gidi Viet Nam dat biet la tinh Thanh hoa va Son La la het sue can thiet, vi nd se dem lai nhung cong nghe va ky thuat san xuat cung vdi phat buy nhung tiem nang the manh tinh, tao dieu kien thuc day toe phat trien kinh te -xa hoi, gop phan quan vao viec chuyen dich co cau kinh te, co so tang cua tinh Xuat phat tu nhung ly neu tren, tac gia lira chon de tai: "Phat trien Thuong mai giua tinh Hua Phan voi tinh Thanh Hoa va Son La” lam luan van thac sy MUC DICH VA NHIEM VU NGHIEN ClTU - Nghien cuu ly luan va thuc tien ve thuong mai giua cac tinh bien gidi hai quoc gia hoat dong xuat nhap khau cac hinh thuc thuong mai nhung lqi the va han che nhung nhan to anh hudng den su phat trien quan he thuong mai giua tinh Hua Phan vdi Thanh Hoa va Son La - Phan tich danh gia thuc trang thuong mai giua tinh Hua Phan vdi tinh Thanh Hoa va Son La giai doan nam 2006 - 2010 - De xuat phuong hudng va giai phap nham phat trien thuong mai giua tinh 77 - Can xem xet va thuc hien cac he thdng chinh sach uu dai thue cho phu hop vdi tinh hinh thuc te nhu: chinh sach giam thue 50% va thue nhap khau ddi vdi hang hoa cd nguon goc san xuat nudc va giam danh thue nhap khau xuong 0% doi vdi mot so mat hang duoc nghi thoa thuan va uu tien thue nhap khau ma hai ben da thong nhat - Bd sung va sua ddi cac quy dinh chua phu hop ve mau dich bien gidi, khuydn khich cac phdn kinh te, cac thuang nhan hoat dong hop phap tai cac cua khau va cha bien gidi - Thuc hien triet de cai each hanh chinh hoat dong xuat nhap khau hang hoa qua bien gidi, don gian hoa cac thu tuc quan ly xuat nhap khau giam thieu cac thu tuc khdng can thiet dac biet la thu tuc thdng quan nham giam ach tac hang hoa tai cua khau - Ca quan cd tham quyen cua hai ben ve ve sinh an toan thuc pham can sdm trao ddi, thoa thuan cong nhan lan ve kiem tra chat luong va kiem tra dich dong, thuc vat de doanh nghiep tinh Hua Phan cd the xuat khau mot each de dang - Can cd chinh sach bien mau ap dung ddi vdi tung loai cua khau de cd chinh sach thich ung linh hoat ddi vdi nhung thay ddi chinh sach cua hai ben, co che bien mau can mem deo linh hoat va md cua de hop tac va phat trien cd bo phan chuyen trach chi dao ve quan ly bien mau ddi vdi cac dia phuong cd chung bien gidi - Cong tac quan ly dieu hanh xuat nhap khau can phai linh hoat va cd doi sach thich hop, kip thdi vdi nhung dien bien cua thi trudng hai tinh va thi trudng Viet Nam va nhung thay ddi chinh sach cua phia ban Don gian hoa cac thu tuc xuat nhap khau thdng nhat ve thu le phi tai cac cua khau tao dieu kien thuan tien cho xe van tai hang hoa, xe cong vu, xe doanh nghiep qua lai mot each binh thudng - Can to chuc he thdng ngan hang tai khu cua khau bien gidi nham tang cuong viec khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep va thuang nhan toan tien hang thdng qua ngan hang va thuan loi viec quy ddi tien te Day la vdn de quan 78 de phat huy the manh cua he thong ngan hang viec huy dong va quan ly tien te o cac cua khau va khu vuc bien gidi 3.4.1.2 Giai phap ve day manh hoat dong xuat nhap khau hang hoa ❖ xuat khau hang hoa Mot nhung nhan to quyet dinh quy mo, nhip xuat khau hang hoa la co cau hang hoa va nhung mat hang xuat khau chu luc Vi vay, tinh Hua Phan phai thay doi can ban ve co cau hang hoa ' va cac mat hang chu luc theo hudng - Giam ty san pham tho, so che, di doi doi vdi tang ty cac san pham che bien va che tao co ham luong cong nghe va chat xam cao co cau hang xuat khau nang cao ty dich vu va gia tri gia cong - Tang cudng phoi hop chat che giua cac co quan chuc nang khac de thuc hien tot viec tham muu cho UBND tinh ve co che, chinh sach thuc day hoat dong xuat khau - Nang cao suc canh tranh cua cac san pham xuat khau, nhat la ve mat nang suat, chat luong gia ca va thdi gian giao hang, trien khai dong bo cac bien phap cai each hanh chinh theo hudng tien loi hoa, cong khai minh bach ❖ Nhap khau hang hoa - Doi mdi, hien dai hoa thiet bi va cong nghe phuc vu cong cuoc xay dung co so tang, dam bao hang hoa thiet yeu cho xay dung, san xuat va ddi song ma nen kinh te chua co dieu kien dap ung Bao ho mot cach hop ly nen '.san xuat tinh, ho tro cac nganh, cac co so san xuat - Han che toi da nhap khau hang tieu dung , nhat la hang tieu dung xa xi, hang co chat luong kem Kien quyet ngan chan tinh trang buon lau tron thue, gian lan thuong mai, de dam bao on dinh kinh te , xa hoi va san xuat hang hoa tinh phat trien - Cac chinh sach, co che dieu hanh nhap khau can duoc xem xet phu hop vdi 79 tien trinh thuc hien cac cam ket hoi nhap quoc te cua Lao vdi cac to chuc qudc te, khu vuc va cac cam ket da phuong song phuong khac 3.4.1.3 Giai phap ve xay dung chien luoc phat trien thuong mai giua tinh Hua Phan vdi Thanh Hoa va Son La Trong thdi gian truoc mat, can xay dung chien luoc quan he kinh te - thuang mai Hua Phan - Thanh Hoa va Son La ca tam dai han va trung han de tir co sir chi dao cac chtrong trinh hanh dong cu the phat trien quan he thuang mai giua hai ben dac biet chu thuang mai hang hoa qua bien gidi vdi Viet Nam Cd the noi cho den nay, Hua Phan van cdn thieu mot chien luoc can thiet phat trien thuang mai hang hoa vdi thi trudng Viet Nam cdn bi dong va lung tung dieu hanh hoat dong thuang mai, chua phan dinh rd budn ban chinh ngach va tieu ngach Do vay nhieu trudng hap chinh sach hoach dinh khdng phu hap vdi thuc tien Trong boi canh mdi cua quan he thuang mai giua hai ben can dupe xem xet, phan tich ky ludng, cd ke hoach va ddi sach thich hop phat trien mdi quan he khai thac tdt nhung lai the va khac phuc nhung yeu kern, thieu soat dieu hanh cu the 3.4.1.4 Giai phap ve phat trien he thdng khu thuong mai bien gidi va quan ly mua ban, trao ddi hang hoa tai cac cho bien gidi - Coi hop tac thuang mai bien gidi, tiep tuc dau tu xay dung va phat trien cac khu kinh te cua khau bien gidi hai nudc nhu: khu thuang mai d Nam Xoi - Na Meo khu thuang mai d Ban Dan - Xieng Khuang khu thuang mai Pa Hang - Moc Chau nham gop phan vao muc tieu kim ngach xuat nhap khau da thoa thuan va phat huy cd hieu qua cac tuyen dudng da duoc hap tac dau tu xay dung giua hai nudc Xay dung quy che phoi hop quan ly mau dich bien gidi giua cac ca quan chuc nang d Trung uang va LJBND cac tinh bien gidi viec to chuc quan ly, dieu hanh va nang cao hieu qua cua hoat dong thuang mai hang hoa - Can phoi hap chat che vdi cac tinh, huyen bien gidi cua Viet Nam de xay 80 dung cac cap cho bien giai va quy che quan ly cho bien gidi phu hop vdi luat phap cua hai nudc - Thanh lap ban quan ly cho bien gidi thuoc UBND cac huyen thi cd cho bien gidi Thdng nhat cac thu tuc quan ly va thu thue hang hoa budn ban tai cac cho lap cac nhom kiem tra quan ly hoat dong mua ban trao ddi hang hoa tren cac dudng mon bien gidi ngan chan tinh trang budn lau - Tang cudng dau tu tren co sd Nha nudc cung dong gop viec nang cap dudng giao thdng tdi cac cho de tranh tinh trang dan cu mua ban doc dudng bien gidi gay kho khan cho cong tac quan ly 3.4.1.5 Day manh hop tac dau tu gan vdi thuang mai Nhung nam qua, hinh thuc thuong mai giua tinh Hua Phan vdi tinh Thanh Hoa va Son La chu yeu la thuong mai don thuan van it gan ket dupe vdi hop tac dau tu va ky thuat Chinh vi vay, ma tri gia trao ddi hang hoa rat bap benh Khi dau tu gan vdi thuong mai thi ket qua la quy md va Kim ngach thuang mai se phat trien dn dinh va vung chac hon De thuc day phat trien thuang mai hang hoa va dich vu giua tinh Hua Phan vdi tinh Thanh Hoa va Son La hai ben can phai chu dong phoi hop tang cudng uu tien dau tu cac linh vuc ma ben co loi the gop phan thuc day kinh te - xa hoi hai tinh cang phat trien; tiep tuc vun dap mdi quan he huu nghi Viet - Lao, Thanh Hoa Son La- Hua Phan cang ben chat Day manh hop tac dau tu va ky thuat gan vdi thuang mai Gan hop tac dau tu vdi thuong mai, tao dieu kien thuc day dau tu vao linh vuc san xuat va che bien nham tao san pham, giao luu hang hoa tang kim ngach thirong mai giira hai ben Coi day la dieu kien tien quyet de phat trien quan he hop tac thuang mai lau dai va hieu qua Can cu vao tiem lire cua hai ben, can lay khoang san, nong nghiep lam tam hop tac dau tu va kinh te ky thuat Tinh Hua Phan cd the manh ve tai nguyen thien nhien phong phu nhieu loai dieu kien trot va chan nuoi cua tinh cung rat tot Hien dang thieu nguon von cong nghe ky thuat de tham tim kiem khai thac Trong do, hai tinh bien gidi 81 phia Bac Viet Nam co von dau tir va ky thuat Su ket hop cua hai ben se cung tao mot nganh san xuat co uu the mdi Chung ta co the phat huy uu the tuong ddi manh ve ky thuat ndng nghiep de cung cap cho Hua Phan ky thuat trot va may moc thiet bi tuong ung Chung ta can khuyen khich va tao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep cd thuc luc den Viet Nam dau tu xay dung cac nha may khai thac va che bien quang (luyen kim), dau thau ve thuy dien Phia Viet Nam cung can khuyen khich va tao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep dau tu vao tinh Hua Phan xay dung cac nha may che bien hang ndng san xuat hoa my pham go v v 3.4.1.6 Tang cuong xay dung co so vat chat - ky thuat thuong mai Ket cau tang thuong mai cua tinh Hua Phan cdn nhieu thieu thon chua dap ung duoc yeu cau mo rong quan he thuong mai vdi Viet Nam (Thanh Hoa, Son La) nhung nam tdi - Can chu y trudc het den viec nang cap bo sung va hoan chinh he thong nha cdng vu tren tuyen bien gidi, dam bao du sue phuc vu hoat dong thuong mai cang tang nhanh ca ve quy md va toe Trang bi du cac loai may moc thiet bi thong tin vien thong, khac phuc tinh trang lam thu cdng, chain tre thieu chinh xac - Ket cau tang thuong mai can duqc chu y cac kho tang du dien tich va bao dam cac thong sd ky thuat can thiet de luu giu bao quan hang hoa xuat khau Khan truong xay dung khu thuong mai bien gidi - Cai tao va nang cap he thong giao thong dudng bo Sam Nua - Thanh Hoa Sam Nua - Son La, tao su van chuyen thong thoang de dang hang hoa tir cac dia phuong cua tinh xuat khau sang Viet Nam vdi chi phi van chuyen thap - Dau tir xay dung co sd tang xa hoi phuc vu hoat dong thuong mai bien gidi dang cd nhtrng yeu cau buc xue Van de lien quan trudc het den viec dao tao nguon nhan luc cd du.sire khoe, ky nang va kien thuc thuc thi nhiem vu phuc vu san xuat, kinh doanh va quan ly.Trong dieu kien cua cac tinh mien nui vung bien gidi viec dau tu dao tao nguon nhan lire cd nhieu kho khan, phai tirng budc vung 82 chac va kien tri, bao dam tinh lien tuc va lau dai - Chinh phu can hd tro cac tinh bien gidi vdi Viet Nam viec xay dung cac khu kinh te cua khau: (1) Tai tro von tir nguon ngan sach (2) Cd cac chinh sach khuyen khich phat trien cac khu kinh te cira khau Hau nhu cac khu kinh te cira khau tren tuyen bien gidi Viet Nam dang thieu kinh phi de xay dung co sd tang, bi dinh lai nen rat can su hd tro ve von tir chinh phu - Nhanh chong dau tu xay dung cac cang bien hien dai tien kip cac nudc XNK cho Lao Ben canh phat trien tuyen dudng hanh lang tieu vung, dudng lien qudc gia phoi hop vdi Lao phat trien cac tuyen dudng noi lien hai nudc Nang cap, md rong cac tuyen dudng qudc lo dan den cac cira khau chinh, tao dieu kien cho hang hoa tir bien gidi den thi trudng noi dia Nang cap kho bai bao quan va tap ket hang hoa mien phi tai cua khau nham nang cao chat luong hang hoa XNK 3.4.1.7 Day manh xuc tien thuang mai va cac hd tro khac Trong dieu kien xu the hoi nhap phat trien manh me nhieu to chuc thuong mai dupe hinh va hoat dong kha rong rai Thi trudng trd van de song cdn ddi vdi mdi doanh nghiep Xuc tien thuong mai la hoat dong vo cung quan doi vdi hoat dong thuong mai nd se hd tro dac luc cho cac doanh nghiep hai ben hoat dong kinh doanh Hien cac nha xuat khau ca hai ben chua co nieu dieu kien de tim kiem , tiep xuc va tham nhap thi trudng ca hai ben De nang cao hieu qua xuc tien thuong mai, cac to chtrc xuc tien thuong mai can de cao nhiem vu tuyen truyen Muon tang cuong va nang cao hieu qua cua cdng tac xuc tien thuang mai, trudc het can phai xay dung dupe mot mang ludi, he thdng cac to chuc xuc tien thuong mai rong khap va tao dupe su phoi hop chat che nhip nhang mang ludi xuc tien thuang mai - Bo thuang mai Lao va Chinh quyen tinh Hua Phan can chu dong va tang 83 cudng hop tac vdi Bo cong thuong va ban nganh chuc nang cac tinh bien gidi cua Viet Nam de ho tro doanh nghiep viec cung cap thdng tin ve thi trudng mat hang, gia ca, cac thay ddi chinh sach thuong mai cua mdi ben Hoan thien khung kho phap ly ve xuc tien thuong mai nhu sua ddi bo sung mot sd luat ve kinh te , luat thuong mai luat dau tir luat canh tranh va chong doc quyen.,ho tro phat trien thuong hieu san pham va doanh nghiep, to chuc cac buoi hoi thao, dien dan gidi thieu ve tiem nang hang hoa va dich vu Cd nhu vay, doanh nghiep mdi cd du du dieu kien de nam bat thdng tin mot each kip thdi chich xac de tu cd ung xir thich hop nham nang cao hieu qua xuat nhap khau cua minh - Cue xuc tien thuong mai Sd thuong mai va Chinh quyen Hua Phan can phoi hop to chuc cho cac doanh nghiep tinh Hua Phan di khao sat, nghien cuu thi trudng trao ddi,trao ddi true tiep vdi doanh nghiep va ngudi tieu dung Viet Nam va sang tham gia cac hoi chp Quoc te Ion to chuc tai Thanh Hoa, Son La va cac tinh khac cua Viet Nam; dong thdi phoi hop vdi phia ban to chuc cac hoi thao, hoi chp trien lam hoi chp vung bien dien dan doanh nghiep tai vung bien gidi dac biet tai hai cua khau Na Meo va Xieng Khuong de cho doanh nghiep hai ben tham gia Hai ben can to chuc thudng xuyen hoi chp, trien lam giup cac doanh nghiep tim hieu tiep can ddi tac nang cao hieu qua cua viec tham gia hoi chp vv day la each thdng tin true tiep phat huy hieu qua nhanh Qua do, cac doanh nghiep cd them thdng tin ve thi trudng cd co hoi tot de quang ba va ban san pham tim ddi tac ky ket hop dong - Can ho tro doanh nghiep viec dao tao nguon nhan luc viec thuc hien va quan ly hoat dong xuat nhap khau hang hoa Cd nhu vay ho mdi chu dong va linh hoat viec quyet dinh doi vdi hoat dong kinh doanh cua minh d thi trudng cd tiem luc va het sue nang dong - Tang cudng hop tac chuyen gia nong, lam ngu nghiep va phat trien nong thon giua cac dia phuong bien gidi hai nudc; giup cac tinh kho khan quy hoach, chuyen ddi mua vu d cac vung cd he thdng thuy loi bao dam nghien cuu giong cay hop ly phu hop vdi tung vung, tung dia phuong cua tinh Hua Phan Tiep tuc hop tac 84 nghien cuu va trao ddi ky thuat cong nghe, dich vu khuyen ndng khuyen lam kiem soat dich benh cay va vat nuoi nham tung budc cai thien ddi song nhan dan 3.4.1.8 Giai phap ve tang cudng cdng tac dau tranh chong budn lau va gian lan thuong mai Tien hanh cuoc dau tranh quyet liet chong budn lau va gian lan thuang mai la giai phap quan dac biet de thuc day phat trien duoc san xuat nude va phat trien quan he thuang mai giua tinh Hua Phan vdi Thanh Hoa va Son La Nhung giai phap chong budn lau da duoc cac co quan Nha nude de tuang ddi toan dien va dang tap trung chu dao sat Tuy vay, qua van de sinh, de tai de xuat them mot sd bien phap cu the gop them sue manh vao cuoc dau tranh gian kho nhu sau: - Nha nude can nghien cuu ban hanh khong chain tre mot sd quy che can thiet va dua vao ap dung ngay: Quy che ve cu nhan bien gidi quy che cho bien gidi quy che ve khach du lich Nhung quy che cd tac dung thiet thuc giup quan ly tot hoat dong thuang mai va xuat nhap canh d khu vuc bien gidi, gop phan lac luc vao cuoc dau tranh chong budn lau hien Thuc te da cho thay, thieu quy che quan ly, thieu su che tai can thiet, cuoc dau tranh chong budn lau de mat phuang hudng va kem hieu qua - Nang cao han nua kha nang canh tranh cua hang hoa nude Day la giai phap ca ban de giai quyet nan hang hoa nhap lau, tron thue, khong kiem soat duoc Phat trien san xuat, nang cao nang lire canh tranh cua hang hoa nude se han che nguon hang nhap lau tir nude ngoai vdi muc dich thu lai nhuan cao - Phoi hap chong budn lau giua cac bo, nganh; Bo Cdng Thuang, Sd Cdng Thuang tinh Hua Phan la ca quan chu tri lam dau mdi thuc hien cac noi dung phoi hap gom: Ra soat, soan thao cac van ban qui pham phap luat cd lien quan den cdng tac to chuc, thuc hien dau tranh chong budn lau va gian lan thuang mai; phoi hap viec trao ddi thong tin nghiep vu; xu ly vi pham; phoi hop cdng tac kiem tra kiem soat thi trudng; phoi hap de kiem tra, giam sat va xu ly cac vi pham 85 noi bo cac luc luong chuc nang chong buon lau; dinh ky hang quy hoac dot xuat Bo hoac So Cong Thuong to chuc hop cac co quan phoi hop de cung kiem diem rut kinh nghiem - Xem xet lai he thong thue va thu tuc hai quan, khac phuc nhung bat hop ly va cac ke ho chinh sach thue dang tao dieu kien cho buon lau phat trien - Bo Cong Thuong noi chung, So Cong Thuong tinh Hua Phan noi rieng can to chuc tot hon cong tac quan ly thi truong, to chuc thuc hien viec quan ly thi truong va thong tin qua lai giua cac don vi thuc hien; can xay dung nhieu kenh thdng tin de chi dao, to chuc phoi hop giua cac co quan chuc nang dac biet la tren tuyen bien gidi - Thuc hien chinh sach phat trien san xuat, tao cong an viec lam on dinh cho nguoi lao dong vung bien Xoa doi giam ngheo va khong ngung nang cao doi song vat chat va tinh than cho nhan dan cac vung bien gidi, dac biet cac xa, cac huyen giap ranh vdi hai tinh Day manh cong tac giao duc, tuyen truyen, hudng dan thuong nhan cung nhu cho toan dan hieu va lam theo phap luat - Chinh phu va chinh quyen cac dia phuong hai ben can tang cuong quan ly hang hoa, ap dung cac bien phap kiem tra chat che, ngan chan hang gia va kem chat luong tran vao thi truong tinh Hua Phan va cac tinh khac cua Lao va Viet Nam - Chinh quyen dia phuong can phoi hop tdt vdi luc luong bo doi bien phong, Cong an dia ban co bien phap quan ly chat che cu dan khu vuc bien gidi, tao cong an viec lam cho ho mot cach on dinh, co nguon thu nhap dam bao cuoc song de khong tiep tay cho buon lau, dong thoi cung la luc luong tham gia bao ve bien gidi lanh tho can thiet - Co chinh sach phu hop doi vdi khach du lich den nhung cho bien gidi de tranh viec bi loi dung van chuyen hang nhap lau - Can sdm co co che chinh sach dong vien, khich le bang vat chat mot cach hop le cho cac luc luong chong buon lau va gian lan thuong mai thong qua Quy 86 chong buon lau - Nang cao hon nua kha nang canh tranh cua hang hoa nudc Day la giai phap co ban de giai quyet nan hang hoa nhap lau, tron thue, khong kiem soat duoc Phat trien san xuat, nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua hang hoa nudc se han che nguon hang nhap lau tu nudc ngoai vdi muc dich thu loi nhuan cao - Tang cudng cong tac phoi hop vdi cac nganh chuc nang to chuc va quan ly xuat nhap khau hang hoa qua bien gidi, quy dinh ro pham vi, tham quyen va trach nhiem cua tung nganh, tung luc luong chuc nang dau tranh chong buon lau Nang cao nang luc nghiep vu cho luc luong hai quan va tao dieu kien ve phuong tien ky thuat de nang cao hieu qua cua cong tac quan ly, giam sat hang hoa xuat nhap khau qua bien gidi, chong buon lau va gian lan thuong mai - Ap dung cac hinh thuc xu ly thich hop doi vdi cac to chuc va 'thuong nhan co hanh vi buon lau va gian lan thuong mai Ben canh can tuyen truyen giao duc, dong vien va nang cao y thuc trach nhiem cho dan cu cac vung bien gidi viec chong buon lau va gian lan thuong mai 3.4.2 Giai phdp ve phia doanh nghiep Tham gia hoat dong thuong mai co nhieu phan kinh te nhu : cong ty co phan cong ty trach nhiem huu han va doanh nghiep tu nhan De thuc day hoat thuong mai , dap ung duoc nhu cau cang tang va dat duoc hieu qua hoat dong kinh doanh cua minh, thdi gian tdi tat ca cac doanh nghiep can tap trung lam tot giai phap sau: Mot la: Tat ca cac doanh nghiep hoat dong linh vuc thuong mai phai tim moi cach de nang cao hieu qua hoat dong kinh doanh, can phai nam duoc nhung quy dinh buon ban qudc mau nhu quy dinh hai quan, phong tuc tap quan cung nhu cac chinh sach thuong mai, xet den khia canh tiep can thi trudng nham nam bat kip thdi tinh hinh thi trudng va nhung thay doi ve gia ca va hang hoa co nhu cau thi trudng Tan dung moi co hoi de tham gia cac hoi cho, trien lam de gidi thieu hang 87 cua minh khai thac nguon hang cua nuoc ban va phat trien phuong thuc xuat khau tai cho hay md dai ly tieu thu san pham thuc hien chinh sach cua nha nuoc doi voi cac doanh nghiep ti'ch cuc tham gia hoat dong xuc tien thuong mai va tim cac kenh phan phoi, cac doi tac tin cay de day manh hoat dong trao doi hang hoa quoc mau Hon nua cac doanh nghiep phai chuan bi nguon hang dap ung nhu cau thi hieu cua thi truong dat tieu chuan chat luong va an toan thuc pham Hai la: can giao duc dao duc kinh doanh cho doanh nghiep va doanh nhan tinh Hua Phan thuong mai lam an voi Viet Nam Moi doanh nghiep va doanh nhan Hua Phan can nang cao nhan thuc va ky nang giao dich mua ban voi Viet Nam Doanh nghiep xuat nhap khau can co nhung can bo gioi nghiep vu tinh thong ngoai ngu co nang luc va dao duc tot lam dai dien phu trach chinh d van phong dai dien Ba la: cac doanh nghiep tinh Hua Phan khdng nen chi gioi han d hai phuong thuc hoat dong thuong mai chinh la xuat nhap khau quoc mau va buon ban qua bien gioi ma can phai md rong va da dang hoa cac phuong thuc thuong mai: - Phat trien manh hinh thuc hop tac khai thac va che bien quang de dap ung thi truong Viet Nam; hop tac san xuat nong nghiep va xuat khau cac san pham thu duoc - De tang hieu qua cua hoat dong thuong mai cac doanh nghiep nen chuyen dan tu buon ban thuan sang hop tac lien doanh san xuat lap rap tien thu hang hoa tai thi truong hai ben va xuat khau sang cac thi truong khac nhu lien doanh san xuat dien gia dinh thuc an gia suc giay dep 'luong thuc thuc pham va cac dung sinh hoat v.v - Tang cuong hop tac voi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam de lap cac lien doanh che bien hang nong lam hai san tai thi truong cua ho de tan dung duoc nguon nhan cong re, lai co the tan dung duoc uu the ve tai nguyen de xuat sang cac thi truong khac - Su dung cac phuong thuc mua ban va toan linh hoat phu hop voi doi 88 twang va tinh chat mat hang xuat nhap khau de nang cao hieu qua kinh doanh - Cung voi viec phat trien cac mat hang ma thi truang Viet Nam co nhu cau nhap khau ldn, cac doanh nghiep tinh Hua Phan can chu dong lien ket vdi cac doanh nghiep phia ban de ky hap dong xuat nhap khau dai han, xay dung ke hoach xuat nhap khau dn dinh Bon la: Cac doanh nghiep nen giao dich true tiep vdi cac cdng ty, tap doan cd uy tin de trao ddi hang hoa hoac hap tac dau tu Han che giao dich qua thuang nhan mdi gidi hoac mua hang troi ndi vi de bi lira mua phai hang chat luong kern, hoac ban hang xong khong thu duoc tien Trudc ky hop dong vdi khach hang chua quen biet nen thong qua cac hoi xue tien mau dich cua cac sd thuang mai co quan chuyen trach cua Chinh phu Trung uong hay dia phuang cua Viet Nam de tham tra thuc lire Thong qua nhung ban hang ldn va dang tin cay thiet lap cac kenh phan phoi tren thi trudng Viet Nam Mot each khac cd the dat hieu qua true tiep, la dua hang den tan tay ngudi tieu dung bang each lap van phdng dai dien tai thi trudng Viet Nam de nghien cuu tim hieu nhu cau thi hieu cua khach hang, dac diem va he thong phap luat cua thi trudng, gidi thieu san pham va tim ddi tac; hoac lap he thong dai ly phan phoi Cach chi phu hap vdi nhung cdng ty ldn va cd tiem lire ve tai chinh Cdn ddi vdi cac cdng ty vira va nhd thi cd the thong qua Cue Xue tien Thuang mai, Sd Cdng Thuong tinh Hua Phan tham gia cac hoi chq, trien lam de gidi thieu san pham va tim ddi tac Ben canh do, cac doanh nghiep cung cd the tiep can manh me vao cac dau mdi cung cap che bien ldn, he thong hoac mang ludi phan phoi cac san pham cua Viet Nam Chu dong thiep lap mang ludi tieu thu hang dn dinh, lau dai tai Viet Nam, can tinh den kha nang lap cua hang gidi thieu va ban san pham cua tinh ta tai Viet Nam 89 3.5 Kien nghi 1) De phuc vu cho viec giao luu hang hoa giua hai nude noi chung va tinh Hua Phan - Son La noi rieng kien nghj Chinh phu hai ben xem xet viec phoi hop vdi xay dung cau bac qua song Ma tai cira khau Pa Hang - Moc Chau, vi day la chiec cau noi cac tinh Bac Lao vdi Viet Nam vdi quang dudng ngan nhat 2) Khien nghi Chinh Phu hai ben Uy ban chinh quyen cac tinh bien gidi hai nudc tao hanh lang phap ly cho hoat dong xuat nhap khau hanh hoa qua bien gidi 3) Kien nghi chinh quyen hai ben quan tam viec phat trien ket cau tang thuong mai gan vdi tien trinh hop tac song phuong 4) Kien nghi tinh Thanh Hoa va Son La tao dieu kien thuan loi cho cac doanh nghiep sang dau tu va md van phong dai dien, phong trung bay va gidi thieu san pham d hai ben Dao tao nguon nhan luc de dap ung nhu cau phat trien hop tac kinh te thuong mai giua hai ben 5) De nghi tinh Thanh Hoa, Son La tiep tuc tao dieu kien tiep nhan cac to chuc va ca nhan ho gia dinh cua tinh Hua Phan sang nghien cuu trao doi kinh nghiem linh vuc phat trien san xuat hang hoa theo mo hinh trang trai, viec khuyen khich doanh nghiep nho 90 KET LUA N Thanh Hoa va Son La la hai tinh mien Bac cua Viet Nam co dudng bien gidi tren bo cung vdi tinh Hua Phan Hai tinh khong chi la thi trudng tieu thu hang hoa cua tinh Hua Phan, ma la cua ngo thuong mai tren bo giua Hua Phan vdi cac tinh khac ca nudc Viet Nam va cac nudc Vi vay, thuong mai giua hai ben dong vai tro rat quan trong quan he hop tac kinh te- thuong mai giua tinh Hua Phan - Thanh Hoa va Son La vua mang tinh chinh tri va kinh te, gop phan day manh kim ngach xuat nhap khau, nang cao dang ke ddi song nhan dan.tang thu cho ngan sach, cai thien he thong co so tang cac vung bien gidi va ca tinh Hua Phan De dua quan he thuong mai song phuong Hua Phan - Thanh Hoa va Son La len tam cao mdi, de giai quyet duoc nhung van de ton tai va phat trien hoat dong xuat nhap khau qua bien gidi giua hai ben cho tuong xung vdi tiem nang, the manh va yeu cau phat trien thi trudng tieu thu hang hoa cua hai ben, luan van da co nhung no luc viec tiep can va luan giai mot so diem chu yeu nhu sau: He thdng hoa, co phan tich va danh gia nhung van de ly thuyet ve thuong mai bien gidi giua cac quoc gia, cac hinh thuc va dac diem cua thuong mai bien gidi, cac cong cu chu yeu cua chinh sach thuong mai quoc te, vai tro va nhung cac nhan to anh huong den su phat trien thuong mai bien gidi giua cac qudc gia Phan tich thuc trang quan he thuong mai giua tinh Hua Phan - Thanh Hoa va Son La giai doan nam 2006 den 2010, tren co so phan tich danh gia tinh hinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, dac diem cua tinh Hua Phan va nhung thuan loi, kho khan quan he thuong mai giua hai ben danh gia tinh hinh thuong mai giua hai ben chu yeu qua hoat dong xuat nhap khau hang hoa Xuat phat tu thuc trang thuong mai giua hai ben va nhung doi hoi cap thiet xu the lien ket va hoi nhap kinh te khu vuc va the gidi, doi hoi cua qua trinh tiep tuc ddi mdi kinh te - xa hoi cua tinh Hua Phan, luan van da xac dinh quan diem, phuong hudng va de xuat mot so giai phap phat trien quan he thuong mai giua hai ben den nam 2015 vdi hy vong gop mot phan nho vao viec thuc day hoat dong thuong mai phat trien va thong qua tac dong vao qua trinh phat trien va chuyen dich co cau kinh te -xa hoi cua tinh Hua Phan cung nhu cua nudc Lao 91 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • Bo Cdng thuong nude Cl IDCND Lao (2010) Chien luac phat trien mang ludi thuang mai bien giai Lao - Viet Nam vd Viet Nam - Lao den nam 2020 Chinh phu nude Cong hda Xa hoi Chu nghia Viet Nam va Chinh phu nude Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao (2011) Hiep dinh ve hap tac kinh te, van hoa, giao due, khoa hoc kv thuat giua Lao - Viet Nam giai doan 2011 - 2015 Pham Thi Cai (2003) Giai phap phat trien thuang mai hang hoa Viet Nam - Trung Qudc qua bien gidi dudng bp thdi ky den nam 2005, Ha Noi Nguyen Manh Hung (2000) Khuyen khich dau tir - thuang mai vao khu kinh te cua khau Viet Nam, Nha xuat ban thong ke Ha Noi Nguyen Van Lich (2007) Ouan he thuang mai Viet Nam vdi Van Nam Trung Quoc NXB I'he gidi Ha Noi Sd Ke hoach va Dau tu tinh Hua Phan (2010) Tong ket danh gid viec thuc hien Ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi nam (2006-2010) vd Ke hoach phat trien giai doan 2011 - 2015 Sd cdng thuong tinh Hua Phan (2010) Tong ket thong ke kim ngach xuat nhap khau hang hoa nam (2006-2010) vd du bao giai doan 2011 — 2015 ITudng Dai hoc Kinh te Qudc dan (2011) Ky yeu hoi thdo khoa hoc qudc te "Phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Viet Nam vd Lao giai doan 2011 - 2020”, Tap 1-11 Van phdng Hop tac Qudc te tinh Hua Phan (2011) Ban thoa thuan “ Hop tac kinh te - xa hoi, Qudc phdng - An ninh giua tinh Hua Phan vdi tinh Thanh Hda giai doan 2011 - 2015” 10 Van phdng Hop tac Qudc te tinh Hua Phan (2010) Ban ghi nhd ” Danh gid tinh hinh hop tac kinh te, van hda Qudc phdng - An ninh giai doan 2006- 2010; noi dung hop tac giai doan 2010- 2011 vd 2010 -2015 giua tinh Hua Phan vdi tinh San La ” 11 Van phong Hop tac Quoc te tinh Hua Phan (2005) Bien ban danh gid ket qua thuc hien thoa thuan giua tinh Hua Phan vdi tinh Thanh Hda vd So’n La ve Hop tac kinh te - xa hoi, Qudc phong - An ninh thdi ky 2001-2005 vd noi dung hop tac thdi ky 2006-2010