Kinh doanh vận chuyển hành khách của các doanh nghiệp vận tải có vốn đầu tư nước ngoài tại hà nội

TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN r DM HOC KTQD TT THONG TiN THlfVIEN PHONG LUAN AN - TU LIEU PHAM THANH LU0NG KINH DOANH VAN CHUYEN HANH KHACH CUA CAC DOANH NGHIEP VAN TAI CO VON DAU TU NU6C NGOAI TAI HA NOI Chuyen nganh: QUAN TRI KINH DOANH THlTONG MAI LUAN VAN THAC SY QUAN TRI KINH DOANH Ngirdi hurting dtin khoa hoc: GS.TS HOANG DlC THAN 7775 HA NOI - 2010 *3 MUC LUC • • Danh muc cac chfr viet tat Danh muc bang bieu Danh muc hinh, hop LOH MO DAU ChuoTg LY LUAN CHUNG VE KINH DOANH VAN CHUYEN HANH KHACH CUA CAC DOANH NGHIEP VAN TAI CO VON DAU TV NU’OC NGOAl .4 1.1 Dcc diem kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach cua doanh nghipp van tai co von duu tu nucc ngoai 1.1.1 Khai mem, dac diem ddonn nggiep van tai co vvn ddu t ir nuroc nngoi 1.1.2 Cam ket cua Vipt Nam dOi vci dich vu van tai gia nhnp To chuc thuong mai the gici (WTO ) 13 1.1.3 Loi the va han che kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach cua cac doanh nghipp co vOn duu tu nucc ngoai 16 1.2 Noi dung kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach cuadoanh nghipp van tai 18 1.2.1 Nghien cuu thi truong van chuyen hanh khach 18 1.2.2 Xay dung chien luoc va ke hoach kinh doanh vanchuyen hanh khach 20 1.2.3 Huy dong cac nguon luc cho kinh doanh .22 1.2.4 TO chuc thuc hipn qua trinh kinh doanh van chuyen 24 1.2.5 Quan ly va danh gia ket qua, hipu qua hoat dong kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach 227 1.3 Nhan tO anh huong den kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach cua doanh nghipp van tai co vOn duu tu nucc ngoai 31 1.3.1 Nhan tO chu quan anh huong den kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach 31 1.3.2 Nhan tO khach quan anh huong den kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach cua doanh nghipp van tai .32 Chirong THU’C TRANG KINH DOANH VAN CHUYfiN HANH KHACH CUA CAC DOANH NGHIEP VAN TAI CO VON DAU TV NU'Q'C NGOAI TAI HA NOI 36 2.1 Khai quat tinh hinh dau tu nude ngoai linh vuc van tai o nudc ta va tai Ha Noi 36 2.1.1 Phan ti'ch thuc trang dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai linh vuc van tai o nudc ta 36 2.1.2 Tinh hinh dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai linh vuc van tai tai Ha Noi 40 2.2 Thuc trang kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach cua cac doanh nghiep van tai co von dau tu nudc ngoai tai Ha Noi 41 2.2.1 Khai quat tinh hinh hoat dong kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep van tai co von dau tu nudc ngoai 41 2.2.2 Phan tich thuc trang kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach cua cong ty ABC 48 2.2.3 Phan tich thuc trang kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach cua cong ty Hai Van 58 2.3 Quan ly nha nudc hoat dong kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach cua doanh nghiep van tai co von dau tu nudc ngoai 69 2.3.1 Chinh sach quan ly cua nha nudc doi vdi kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach cua cac doanh nghiep co von dau tu nudc ngoai 69 2.3.2 Thuc trang cong tac quan ly nha nudc doi vdi kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach cua doanh nghiep van tai co von dau tu nudc ngoai 73 2.4 Danh gia thuc trang kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach cua cac doanh nghiep van tai co von dau tu nudc ngoai tai Ha Noi 78 2.4.1 Danh gia nhung diem manh cua cac doanh nghiep van tai co vdn dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai 78 2.4.2 Han che hoat dong kinh doanh cua cac doanh nghiep van chuyen hanh khach co von dau tu nudc ngoai 80 2.4.3 Nguyen nhan cua nhirng han che 83 Chirong G1AI PHAP DAY MANH KINH DOANH VAN CHUYEN HANH KHACH CUA CAC DOANH NGHIEP VAN TAI CO VON DAU TU* NIOC NGOAI TAI HA NOI 87 3.1 Phuong hudng day manh kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach cua cac cong ty van tai co von dau tu nude ngoai tai Ha Noi 87 3.1.1 Nhung thuan loi va kho khan cua Ha Noi thu hut dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 87 3.1.2 Dinh hudng thu hut FDI vao van chuyen hanh khach tai Ha Noi 97 3.1.3 Phuong hudng kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach Ha Noi 98 3.2 Giai phap day manh kinh doanh van chuyen hanh khach cua cac doanh nghiep van tai cd von dau tu nude ngoai tai Ha Noi 100 3.2.1 Hoan thien chien luge, ke hoach kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep van tai cd von dau tu nude ngoai 100 3.2.2 Tang cudng su hop tac giua cac doanh nghiep van tai cd von dau tu nude ngoai vdi cac doanh nghiep lu hanh nhan khach nude ngoai 106 3.2.3 Tang cudng dau tu co so vat chat, phuong tien van tai hien dai 111 3.2.4 Phat trien tuyen mang van chuyen hanh khach 112 3.2.5 Nang cao chat luong van chuyen hanh khach vdi gia ca hop ly 112 3.3 Mot so kien nghi vdi Nha nude 113 KET LUAN 119 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 120 PHU LUC 122 DANH MUC CAC CHC VIET TAT BOT Flop dong xay dung - kinh doanh - chuyen giao BT Hop dong xay dung - chuyen giao BTO Hop dong xay dung - chuyen giao - kinh doanh FDI Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai FPI Dau tu gian tiep nudc ngoai GDP ong san pham quoe dan ODA Vien tro phat trien ehi'nh thuc PR Quan he edng chung VAT Thue gia tri gia tang WTO TO chuc thuong mai the gidi CBCNV Can bo cong nhan vien CNH Cong nghiep hoa CNV Cong nhan vien CSHT Co so tang DN Doanh nghiep DNNN Doanh nghiep nha nudc DT Doanh thu DTNN Dau tu nudc ngoai DV Dich vu GTDB Giao thdng dudng bo GTVT Giao thong van tai HD Hop dong HDH Hien dai hoa HQKD Hieu qua kinh doanh HTX Hop tac xa KD Kinh doanh KH&DT : Ke hoach va dau tu KT-XH : Kinh te - xa hoi KTQT : Kinh te quoc dan LN : Lui nhuan NHNN : Ngan hang Nha nudc QLNN : Quan ly nha nudc QPPL : Quy pham phap luat TNHH : Trach nhiem htru han TP : Thanh UBND : Uy ban nhan dan VCKT : Vat chat ky thuat VN : Viet Nam VTHK : Van tai hanh khach XHCN : Xa hoi chu nghTa DANH MUC BANG BIEU r / ' ' Bang 2.1 Khoi luong van chuyen hanh khach cua doanh nghiep co von dau tu nudc ngoai tren toan quoc 37 Bang 2.2 Mot sd lien doanh van chuyen hanh khach 38 Bang 2.3 So du an dau tu theo nganh tai Ha Noi tinh den 31/12/2009 40 Bang 2.4 Tong khoi luong van chuyen hanh khach bang duong bo cua cac doanh nghiep van tai co von dau tu nuoc ngoai tai Ha Noi 41 Bang 2.5 Khoi luong van chuyen hanh khach bang duong bo cua cac doanh nghiep van tai co von dau tu nudc ngoai tai Ha Noi tren mot so tuyen nam 2009 42 Bang 2.6 Tong hop phuong tien van chuyen cua cac doanh nghiep van tai co von dau tu nudc ngoai tai Ha Noi nam 2009 43 Bang 2.7 Tong hop doanh thu van chuyen hanh khach cua cac doanh nghiep van tai cd von dau tu nudc ngoai tai Ha Noi tu nam 2005 - 2009 43 Bang 2.8 Doanh thu cua ABC giai doan 2006-2009 .50 Bang 2.9 Doanh thu cua cac loai hinh dich vu cua ABC qua cac nam 52 Bang 2.10 Gia mot so loai hinh dich vu cua cong ty ABC va 53 Bang 2.11 Thi phan cua cong ty tai dia ban Ha Noi theo tung loai xe 54 Bang 2.12 Cac chi tieu kinh doanh tong hop 56 Bang 2.13 Chi tieu hieu qua su dung nguon nhan luc 57 Bang 2.14 Chi tieu hieu qua ve von .58 Bang 2.15 Doanh thu cua Hai Van giai doan 2006-2009 60 Bang 2.16 Doanh thu cua cac loai hinh dich vu cua Hai Van qua cac nam 61 Bang 2.17 Gia mot sd loai hinh dich vu cua cong ty Hai Van 62 Bang 2.18 Thi phan cua cong ty Hai Van tai dia ban Ha Noi theo tirngloai xe 63 Bang 2.19 Cac chi tieu kinh doanh tong hop 64 Bang 2.20 Chi tieu hieu qua sir dung nguon nhan lire 65 Bang 2.21 Chi tieu hieu qua ve von 66 DANH MUC • HINH Hinh 1.1: He thong san xuat san pham htru hinh 10 Hinh 1.2: He thong qua trinh san xuat van tai .11 Hinh 3.1 He thong thong tin toan dien 106 DANH MUC HOP • • Hop 1.1 Cac phuong there cung cap dich vu 14 Hop 2.1: Doi tac ntroc ngoai dang lam ruong 39 Hop 2.2: Lao dao vi mot khai niem 84 126 khach hang vao BM-09-02 Sd nhan viec va vao phan Sd nhan viec cua phan mem dieu hanh nam tren may tinh cua Phong dieu hanh Buoc 3: Tien hanh xep xe Can cu vao Chuang trinh tren may, yeu cau cua khach hang va kha nang san sang cua xe va lai xe Dieu hanh vien phu trach xep xe se tien hanh xep xe Viec xep xe phai dua tren cac nguyen tac sau: • Cong bang cho lai xe (dat 80% tro len, ti le binh quan hang thang); • Dam bao hieu qua (han che toi da xe di chieu, tan dung chieu chay xe khong kha nang tieu ton nhien lieu); • Dap ung dung, du va chinh xac yeu cau khach hang; • Hoan viec xep xe cho khach trudc 12h00 cua horn trudc bat dau chuong trinh (hoac thdng bao theo yeu cau rieng cua khach hang) Tat ca cac chuong trinh cua xe se dupe Dieu hanh vien xep xe the hien tren so BM-09-03 Hanh trinh xe thdng Budc 4: Thdng bao cho khach hang Dieu hanh vien phu trach nhan thdng tin phai tap hop cac thdng tin xep xe vao BM-09-04 Thdng bao xep xe trudc thdng bao cho khach hang Dieu hanh vien phu trach nhan thdng tin se bao noi dung BM-09-04 Thdng bao xep xe (sd xe, dien thoai lai xe ) cho khach hang bang fax hoac e- mail dien thoai vao dau gid chieu cua horn trudc, trudc bat dau chuong trinh (hoac theo theo yeu cau rieng cua khach hang) Budc 5: Xac nhan cua khach hang Dieu hanh vien phu trach nhan thdng tin mot lan nua xac nhan lai cac chuong trinh se dupe thuc hien vdi khach hang (thdi gian dia diem, ten va sd dien thoai hudng dan lich trinh di) de tranh mot sd trudng hop nhu khach da bao huy nhung ngudi nhan viec quen chua huy hoac cd the khach hang quen khdng bao huy hoac doan khach co mot sd yeu cau doi vdi xe va lai xe cho rieng doan khach dd Neu khach hang thay doi yeu cau thi quay lai budc 8.2.3 127 Bude 6: Thdng bao cho lai xe Dieu hanh vien xep xe co trach nhiem lap Phieu dieu dong va thdng bao cho a r a r lai xe bang dien thoai sau gui Phieu dieu dong cho lai xe (true tiep hoac qua bao ve) Bude 7: Theo doi qua trinh cung cap dich vu Khi gap cac tinh hudng sau qua trinh cung cap dich vu: • Thay doi chuong trinh • Xe gap su cd • Hanh khach dau dm • Tinh hudng xay ngoai du kien khac (tac dudng, thien tai ) Lai xe se cd trach nhiem thdng bao cho Dieu hanh vien nhan thdng tin Dieu hanh vien dua phuong an giai quyet theo tham quyen cua minh va thdng bao cho cap quan ly cua phong dieu hanh Lai xe se cap nhat moi thdng tin vao Phieu dieu dong va lay xac nhan cua Trudng doan hoac hudng dan vien du lich va chuyen cho Dieu hanh vien nhan thdng tin sau ket thuc chuyen di Dua vao Phieu dieu dong da hoan cd nhan xet cua Trudng doan hoac hudng dan vien, Dieu hanh vien nhan thdng tin se danh gia muc thoa man nhu cau khach hang Bude 8: Luu Ito so’ Phieu dieu dong sau hoan tat se duoc Dieu hanh vien nhan thdng tin chuyen cho ke toan 128 Phu luc 6: Md ta dich vu van tai duong bo cac dieu khoan cua MTN.GSN/W/120/CPC (Ghi chu: mire phu hop giua MTN.GSN/W/120 va CPC duoc in dam) 712 Dich vu van tai dudng bo khac 7121 Van tai hanh khach theo lich trinh khac (phan cua 11.Fa “van tai hanh khach”) 71211 Van tai thudng xuyen noi va ngoai Van tai hanh khach thudng xuyen noi va ngoai vdi nhieu diem da dinh trudc, bang dudng cao toe hay cac phuong thuc van tai dudng bo khac Dich vu duoc phan loai d day la: d to buyt, xe chay dien (dudng ray), o td chay dien (dudng day) va cac dich vu thuong tu thudng duoc thuc hien tro co sd quyen kinh doanh pham vi cua mot hoac mot nhom lan can Cac dich vu thudng duoc cung cap theo theo tuyen dudng da dinh va thdi gian hieu cd san Cac dich vu cung cho phep tra hay tiep nhan hanh khach d bat cu diem nao lich trinh va la dich vu d de moi ddi tuong cd the su dung Ngoai le: van tai hanh khach noi va ngoai bang dudng sat duoc phan loai tieu muc 71112 71212Van tai dac biet noi va ngoai Van tai theo lich trinh cua cac o td buyt trudng hoc de cho cac hoc sinh tir nha den trudng, tir trudng, , khuon kho mot hay mot nhom cac lan can Loai van tai bao gom ca van tai theo lich trinh giua mot trung tam va cac san bay hay giua cac ben cua trung tam hay cac khu vuc ngoai bang xe buyt hay xe limousin cua say bay chd nhieu hanh khach, cd lai xe Cac dich vu duoc cung cap theo cac tuyen dudng va lich trinh da dinh trudc Chung cung thudng cd mot nhom ngudi su dung han che Phan ldn cac chuyen di tu nhan se gom ca don hoac dua tan noi nhung khdng phai la ca hai Ngoai le: Dich vu taxi duoc dua vao tieu nhom 71221 va dich vu thue o td 129 co lai xe khong theo lich trinh d tieu nhom 71222 (dich vu thue xe hanh khach co ngudi dieu khien) 71213 Van tai thuong xuyen giua cac phoi Van tai hanh khach dudng cao toe theo lich trinh giua cac bang phuong tien xe buyt bao gom ca van tai hanh ly cua hanh khach 71214 Van tai dac biet giua cac Van tai theo lich trinh bang oto buyt trudng hoc de dua hoc sinh di va ve, giua cac trudng hoc, tu trung tam den trung tam khac Loai hinh cung bao gom ca van tai theo lich trinh giua trung tam va san bay hay nha ga cua trung tam khac bang xe buyt va limousine chd nhieu khach cua san bay, co lai xe 71219 Van tai hanh khach khac, co lich trinh Van tai hanh khach mat dat khac bang xe co khi, khdng nam bang phan loai bao gom ca dich vu van tai theo dudng cap tuc la dich vu van tai bang cap dien treo va cac loai dich vu theo dudng cap hoac tuong tu khac dupe thue tren co sd cd lich trinh dinh trudc 7122 Van tai hanh khach khdng cd lich trinh dinh trudc (phan cua l.F.a "van tai hanh khach") 71221 Dich vu taxi Dich vu bang xe taxi, bao gom ca noi thanh, ngoai va giua cac Cac dich vu thudng duoc thue de chay mot khoang dudng nhat dinh, vdi khoang thdi gian gidi han den mot diem nhat dinh Dich vu taxi bao gom ca dich vu taxi su dung xe mdto hai banh Loai trir: dich vu taxi bang sue ngudi hay dong vat keo dupc phan loai vao tieu nhom 71224 (Van tai hanh khach bang xe ngudi hay dong vat keo) Dich vu taxi theo dudng thuy hay hang khdng tuong ung dupc phan loai tai tieu nhom 72219 (Van tai hanh khach khac) va 73120 (van tai hanh khach khdng co lich trinh dinh trudc bang dudng hang khdng) 71222 Dich vu thue xe van tai hanh khach cd ngudi dieu khien 130 Dich vu thue xe co lai xe, cho du thuc hien d dau, tru dich vu taxi Cac dich vu thuong duoc cung cap tren co so mot so luong hanh khach han che, va thudng co nhieu diem den 71223 Dich vu thue xe buyt va d to chay dudng dai co ngudi dieu khien Dich vu thue xe buyt va o td chay dudng dai, cd lai xe, thudng tren co sd cd hop dong ve thdi gian va khoang each Loai dich vu van tai thudng co nhieu diem den 71224 Van tai hanh khach bang xe cd ngudi hay dong van keo Van tai hanh khach bang xe cd ngudi hay dong vat keo hoac bang each chuyen cho hay dong vat cho hang, vdi dieu kien la dich vu cua ngudi lai dupe cung cap nhd xe hay dong vat Loai tru: Dich vu thue xe cho hang va cho khach cd dong vat keo khdng cd lai xe dupe nam tieu nhom 83102 cua bang phan loai (Dich vu thue va thue tai chinh lien quan den xe van tai hang hoa khdng cd ngudi dieu khien) va 83105 (Dich vu thue va thue tai chinh lien quan den phuong tien van tai dudng bo khac, khdng cd ngudi dieu khien) 71229 Van tai hanh khach khdng cd lich trinh trudc khac khdng nam d cho khac cua bang phan loai Van tai hanh khach khdng cd lich trinh trudc cd lai xe chua dupe liet ke d cho khac cua bang phan loai Loai trir: Van tai hanh khach bang xe buyt, o td buyt thue va xe buyt tham quan va chay tour, khdng cd lich trinh trudc, dupe nam d tieu nhom/71223 cua bang phan loai (Dich vu thue xe buyt va xe chay dudng dai cd ngudi dieu khien) 131 Phu luc 5: Bang phan tich cac cam ket a r Bang 1: Tom tat cac cam ket chuyen nganh - Dich vu van tai dudng bo Nuoc Uc ll.F.a ll.F.b X X ll.F.c ll.F.d ll.F.e Ao X Brazil X Bun-ga-ri Canada X X Cote d'Ivoire X X Total X Cong hoa Sec X X X X Ecuador X X X Cong dong Chau Au X X X X Phan Lan X X X X Gambia X X X X Gui-ne X X Guyana X X Honduras X X X X Jamaica X Nhat Ban X X CHDC nhan dan Trieu Tien X X X X X X Lesotho X Liechtenstein X Me-hi-cd X Ma-roc X Myanmar X X X X X Iceland X Hungary Kenya X X X X X X X 2 132 New Zealand X X Na-Uy X X Philippines X X Ru-ma-ti X X X X 3 X Cotg hon Slovac X Slovetia X Nam Phi X X X Thuy Diet X X X Thuy Sy X X X X Thci Lat Th6 NhT Ky X X Hoa Ky X X Total 27 25 X X 11 23 11.F.a Van tai hanh khach 11 F.b Vnt tai hntg hoc 11 F.C Thue hCh phuong tiet thuotg mai co tguoi dieu hhiet 11 F.d Bao duotg sua chua thiet bi vnt tai duotg bo 11 F.e Cch dich vu phu tro cua dich vu vnt tai duotg bo 91 133 Bang 2: Phan tich cac cam ket cua cac vien linh vuc dich vu van tai duong bo (So luung cac cam ket day du, tung phan va khong cam ket theo r tieu linh vuc va theo phuong thuc cung cap dich vu) - > " Mo cua thi truong (So Cung cap qua Tieu dung Hien dien luong vien co bien gidi ngoai nudc thuong mai cam ket) F P N F P N F P N J Hien dien the nhan F p N Van tai thuong xuyen noi va ngoai CPC 71211 1* 13 17 Van tai dac biet noi va ngoai 1* 13 10 17 11 13 1* 21 13 11 2[31] 25 Van tai dac biet giua cac CPC 71214 10 1* 14 11 18 Van tai hanh khach theo lich trinh khac CPC 71219 1* 13 11 17 Dich vu taxi 12 17 12 21 CPC 71212 Van tai thuong xuyen giua cac CPC71213 CPC 71221 Dich vu cho thue o to cho khach co nguoi dieu khien 1* 15 2* 20 12 11 24 10 14 21 15 25 CPC 71222 Dich vu cho thue o to buyt va o to chay duong dai co nguoi dieu khien CPC 71223 1* 134 ' f Md cua thi trudng (So luong vien cd cam ket) Van tai hanh khach - 7— Cung cap qua bien gidi Tieu dung ngoai nudc thuong mai Hien dien Hien dien the nhan F P N F P N F P N F p N 13 17 12 21 20 bang xe cd ngudi hay 1* sue vat keo CPC 71224 Van tai hanh khach khdng cd lich trinh khac CPC 71229 12 1* 16 12 Van tai hang hoa udp da hoac ddng lanh CPC 71231 20 4* 22 14 12 2[32] 27 Van tai ga va chat long vdi khoi luong Ion 17 2* 20 12 11 2[33] 24 19 21 12 13 2[34] 27 CPC 71232 Van tai hang hoa 7* con-to-no CPC 71233 Van tai dac CPC 71234 19 4* 21 14 11 2[35] 26 Van tai buu chinh CPC 71235 15 2* 16 10 2[36] 20 Van tai hang hoa bang xe cd ngudi hay sue vat keo 15 2* 17 10 2[37] 21 Van tai hang hoa khac CPC 71239 17 4* 19 11 10 23 Dich vu cho thue cac xe cho hang hoa thuong mai co ngudi dieu khien 1 0 CPC 71236 135 Md cua thi trudng (So lugng vien co Cung cap qua bien gidi Tieu dung Hien dien ngoai nudc thuong mai F p N F p N F p N F p N Bao dudng va sua chua A A t6 CPC.6112 13 12* 21 16 3 22 Dich vu sua chua t6, xg mooc, xg nua keo 1312* 19 15 20 0 5 0 5 0 Cac dich vu phu trg cua van tai dudng bo CPC 7449 0 cam ket) Hien dien the nhan CPC 7124 (dich vu chua nam cac bang phan loai) tren co sd mien phi hay hgp dong CPC 8867 Dich vu ben t6 buyt CPC 7441 Dich vu hoat dong dudng ham, cau va dudng cao toc CPC 7442 Dich vu ben CPC 7443 F: Cam ket day du (dugc ghi la "khong”d cot md cua thi trudng) P: Cam ket mot phan (han che dugc ghi d cot md cua thi trudng ve lich trinh) N: Kh6ng cam ket (dugc ghi la "kh6ng rang buoc" d cot md cua thi trudng ve lich trinh) 136 Bang 3: Phan tich cac loai bien phap (So luong bien phap linh vuc dich vu van tai duong bo, ke ca van tai bang dudng ong) - ; , Linh vuc Dudng sat Dudng bo PHUONGTHUC 4 So luong nha cung cap - - - 10 - Gia tri cac giao dich hay tai san - - - - - - - - So luong cac hoat dong - - - - - - - So luong the nhan - - - - - - Loai phap nhan - - 10 - - - 10 - Tham gia von nuoc ngoai - - - - - 11 - Cac bien phap khac n.e.^38] - - 17 - - 28 - Cac bien phap thue, tro cap - - - - - - - - Yeu cau ve noi cu tru va quoc tich - - - - - MO CUA THI TRUONG DOI XU QUOC GIA Giay phep, cac tieu chuan, trinh chuyen mdn Cac yeu cau ve dang ky - - - - - - - Cac yeu cau ve uy quyen - - - - - - Cac yeu cau ve thuc hien - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cac yeu cau ve chuyen giao cong nghe Khac —— ■■ ■ / 1— , 1,1 [1] Bao cao Hoi nghi “Canada - Nhap khau, phan phoi va ban mot so loai nudc uong co bdi cac don vi tiep thi cap tinh” (“Canada - Import Distribution and Sale of Certain Alcoholic Drinks by Provincial Marketing Agencies”), 1992 va Bao cao Hoi nghi: “Hoa Ky - cac bien phap tac dong uong co mach nha va con” (“United States - Measures Affecting Alcoholic and Malt Beverages”), 1992, xem Chi so phan tich, trang 195-197 [2] Xem Chi so ppan t ich ( Analytical I nnex) traan 222-223 137 [3] Nguon: Hiep hoi van tai dubng bo qudc te - so lieu nam 1990 [4] “Cac rao can doi vdi van tai dudng bo”, (“Barriers to Road Transport”), Nhom tu van Hague, Cabrigde, Thang 1/1998 [5] Ngudn: “Van tai hanh khach tren the gidi”, thang 3-4/1998 Cong dong Chau Au, DGVIIE-1 (RD) [6] Nhu tren [7] Nguon: “Van tai hanh khach the gidi” (“World Passenger Transport “), Thang Ba Thang Tu nam 1998, Cong ddng Chau Au, DGVIIE-1 (RD) [8] Nhu tren [9] “He thdng van tai dd thi: Chi dan doi vdi cac phuong an nghien cuu” (Urban Transit System: Guidelines for Examining Options”) cua Alan Armstrong Wright, tai lieu chuyen nganh sd 52 cua Ngan hang The gidi, thang nam 1986, duoc duoc neu “Phat trien van tai noi thi vdi tham chieu cu the den cac nudc dang phat trien” (“Urban Transport Development with Particular Reference to Developing Countries”), Lien hiep qudc ST/ESA/210, 1989 (*) Mot loai van tai cdng cong khac vdi loai van tai thdng thudng co luong, tuyen an dinh hoac linh hoat, chang han nhu o td chd khach loai sang (limousine) cua san bay [10] Trich dan tir “Phat trien van tai noi vdi tham chieu cu the tdi cac nudc dang phat trien” Lien hiep qudc ST/ESA/210, 1989 [11] Hay xem mot phan tich chi tiet ve nhung tac dong cua ndi long quan ly doi vdi dich vu o td dia phuong cua Anh tai lieu cua Helen Lawton Smith “ Ndi long quan ly va tu nhan hoa cua nganh van tai hang hoa, o td buyt va xe chd khach dudng dai d Anh” (“Deregulation and Privatization in the UK Freight, and Buses and Coach Industries”), Tokyo, tai lieu thao luan sd 60, Vien nghien cuu kinh te Co quan ke hoac kinh te S/C/W/26/Phu luc I, 29/5/1998, “Tac dong kinh te cua tu hoa dich vu: Tdng quan ve cac nghien cuu kinh nghiem” (“Economic Effects of Services Liberalization: Overview of the Empirical Studies”) a Hai cham ( ) de chi: khdng co sd lieu hoac sd lieu duoc bao cao rieng: b Bao gom ca tap doan chinh hoac nhom cac nha van tai tu nhan d mdi va khdng bao gom loai van tai cdng cong dac biet c Sd o td buyt thuoc tap doan chinh hoac nhom dieu hanh xe tu nhan duoc nghien cuu d Bao gom ca mat gia va lai suat 138 e Bao gom chi phi hoat dong, mat gia va lai suat De canh tranh mot phucmg phap chung tinh toan su mat gia va lai suat da duoc su dung de co duac tong chi phi So hanh khach/km dupe tinh vai viec lay dai chuyen di trung binh la 5km f Bao gom ca tong thu tir phi va quang cao, nhung trir tra cap g Khong co so lieu ve chi phi va thu nhap doi vai nha van tai tu nhan San Paolo; nhien, cac nha van tai khong nhan dupe trp cap cong cong va dupe biet den tham chi da pha san Nguon: Alan Armstrong Wright, "He thong giao thong thi: Chi dan cho nghien cuu cac lua chon”, tai lieu lam viec cua Ngan hang The giai, so 52, 5/1986 [12] De co vi du, xem “Chinh sach canh tranh va noi long quan ly a linh vuc van tai duong bo” (“Competition Policy and Deregulation of Road Transport”), OECD 1990, Uy ban ve luat va chinh sach canh tranh phan doi su thay doi cac muc phi nudc (trp cap cheo) va khuyen cao viec xac dinh chi phi va to chuc cac quy trinh dau thau de dam bao rang cac dich vu phi kinh te dupc trao cho nha thau co yeu cau thap nhat ve trp cap [13] Xem OECD, 1990, “Chinh sach canh tranh va noi long quan ly van tai duong bo” (Competition Policy and Deregulation of Road Transport”) [14] Xem tai lieu cua WTO WT/WGTCP/W/83 14/8/1998 “Tac dong cua cac thuc hanh phap ly, cac nha doc quyen bang va doc quyen ve canh tranh va thuong mai quoc te, thong tin tu Hoa Ky” (“The Impact of Regulatory Practices, State Monopolies and Exclusive Rights on Competition and International Trade, Communication from the United States”) Nhom cong tac ve tac dong qua lai giua Thuong mai va chinh sach canh tranh [15] Xem “Van tai on dinh: nhung uu tien cho cai each linh vuc chinh sach” (“Sustainable Transport: Priorites for Policy Sector Reform”), Ngan hang the giai, 1995 [16] Xem tai lieu CEMT/cm(98)7/cu6i cung [17] Nghi quyet cuoi cung cua Dai hoi lan thu XXVI cua Hiep hoi van tai duong bo quoc te, thong qua tai Marrakesh 25/4/1998 [18] Nguon: DGVII-Eurostat “Cac so ve nganh van tai cua EU” (“EU Transports in Figures”), 1997, tap hop so lieu tir ECTM, thong ke quoc gia va Bo giao thong van tai Hoa Ky 139 to [20] Dac biet, de biet them chi tiet ve cac qua trinh noi long quan ly hay xem: OECD “Chinh sach canh tranh va Noi long quan ly van tai duong bo”, 1990, va ECMT “Cac cuoc cai each noi long quan ly linh vuc van tai dudng bo”, 1987 [21] Xem “Cac uu tien van tai dn dinh doi voi cai each lTnh vuc chinh sach”, Ngan hang The gidi, 1995 [22] Xem “Tu nhan hoa va noi long quan ly d Me-hi-co”, Co quan danh gia va hoat dong Precis No.97/11/1995 [23] Xem “ Xay dung noi dung cai each chinh sach chinh cac bai hoc tu linh vuc van tai dudng bo” cua Ian C Heggie, tai lieu cua Ngan hang The gidi sd 115, 1991 [24] Xem “Cai each ve the che van tai mot sd kinh nghiem hien nay” cua Jose Carbajo, Ngan hang The gidi, 1993 [25] Xem tai lieu CEMT/CM(98)7/final [26] Xem tai lieu CEMT/CM(97)21 va CM(97)21/add [27] Danh sach cac cdng udc cua Lien hiep quoc 1RU liet ke nhu sau: Hiep dinh cua Chau Au ve cac tuyen van tai quoc te chinh (AGR) 15/11/1975; Cdng udc van tai dudng bo 8/11/1968; Hiep dinh cua Chau Au bo sung, sua doi Cdng udc ve bien bao va tin hieu dudng bo (1968); Hiep dinh ve cac yeu cau tdi thieu doi voi viec cap va han hieu luc cua cac giay phep lai xe (APC), thang 4/1975; Hiep dinh lien quan den viec doi voi o td va cac bo phan cua o td, 20/3/1958; Hiep dinh cua Chau Au lien quan den cdng viec cua doi xe van tai dudng bo quoc te (AETR) 1/7/1970; Cdng udc ve hop dong doi vuoi van tai hang hoa quoc te bang dudng bo (CMR) 19/5/1956; Cdng udc hai quan ve van tai hang hoa quoc te dudi hinh thuc giay phep TIR (Transport International par la Route - Van tai quoc te theo tuyen) (Cdng udc TIR) 14/11/1975; Cdng udc quoc te ve hai hoa kiem tra hang hoa tai bien gidi, 21/10/1982; Hiep dinh Chau Au lien quan den chuyen cho quoc te hang hoa nguy hiem bang dudng bo (ADR) 30/09/1957; va Hiep dinh quoc te ve chuyen tro hang thuc pham de hong va ve thiet bi dac biet su dung cho loai van tai (ATP) 1/09/1970 O cap khu vuc cd the bo sung them cac hiep dinh sau: Luat cuoi ve Hoi nghi ve an toan va hop tac d Chau Au (Helsinki, 1975), Quyet dinh thdng nhat cua Hoi nghi Bo trudng giao thdng van tai Chau Au (ECTM) nam 1994 cdng nhan nguyen tac cd di cd lai 140 cac hoat dong van tai dudng bo song phuong, va Tuyen bo Helsinki nam 1997 Hoi nghi Bo truong giao thong van tai Chau Au (ECTM) thong qua, de nguyen tac ve khong phan biet doi xu lien quan den cac bien phap quan ly va khang dinh trach nhiem cua ngudi chuyen chd phai co dong gop thi'ch dang cho dau tu co sd han tang va chi phi bao tri [28] SADC "Van tai va truyen thdng" Hoi nghi Conference, 29-30/1/1998 [29] Dac biet, “Cac rao can doi vdi van tai dudng bo", Nhom tu van cua La Haye, 1998 [30] Xem tai lieu S/C/W/39, 12/6/1998, "Dich vu dua thu va buu dien, bai viet ve nhung noi dung co ban cua Ban Thu ky", trang [311 E.U da cong hai lan vi han che chuyen nganh cua cac Thanh vien duoc nam d cot khac [32] Nhu tren [33] Nhu tren [34] Nhu tren [35] Nhu tren [36] Nhu tren [37] Nhu tren [38J Cac so lieu "cac bien phap khac n.e.c" tuong ung vdi cac trudng hop sd lieu duoc nhap khdng nam cac loai han che khac mot sd trudng hop, dieu xay la viec md ta bien phap khdng cho net dac trung, bien phap se phai nam d phan cac bien phap khac vi ban than bien phap khdng phu hop vdi bat cu khai niem nao